Articles | Volume 20, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Nov 2023
Research article |
| 24 Nov 2023
| 24 Nov 2023
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Masahiko Fujii
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
International Coastal Research Center, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Otsuchi, 0281102, Japan
Ryuji Hamanoue
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0600810, Japan
Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo
International Coastal Research Center, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Otsuchi, 0281102, Japan
Tsuneo Ono
Marine Environment Division, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 2368648, Japan
Akihiro Dazai
Center for Sustainable Society, Minamisanriku, 9860775, Japan
Shigeyuki Oomoto
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc., Okayama, 7008617, Japan
Masahide Wakita
Mutsu Institute for Oceanography, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Aomori, 0350022, Japan
Takehiro Tanaka
NPO Satoumi Research Institute, Okayama, 7048194, Japan
Related authors
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
Tatsuki Tokoro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Shintaro Takao, Shu Saito, Daisuke Sasano, Kazutaka Enyo, Masao Ishii, Naohiro Kosugi, Tsuneo Ono, Kazuaki Tadokoro, and Yukihiro Nojiri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3792, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how landwater from the mainland of Japan affects the ocean's carbon cycle using decades of Total Alkalinity (TA) data from the Northwest Pacific. Statistical analysis revealed landwater as a major TA source, reducing coastal acidification by 65 %, but with minimal impact on atmospheric CO2 absorption. Future work aims to refine results with depth-specific data and apply findings to global models.
Nico Lange, Björn Fiedler, Marta Álvarez, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Heather Benway, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Laurent Coppola, Kim Currie, Susana Flecha, Dana S. Gerlach, Makio Honda, I. Emma Huertas, Siv K. Lauvset, Frank Muller-Karger, Arne Körtzinger, Kevin M. O'Brien, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Fernando C. Pacheco, Digna Rueda-Roa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Masahide Wakita, Angelicque White, and Toste Tanhua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1901–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) is a novel achievement expanding and complementing the biogeochemical data landscape by providing consistent and high-quality biogeochemical time-series data from 12 ship-based fixed time-series programs. SPOTS covers multiple unique marine environments and time-series ranges, including data from 1983 to 2021. All in all, it facilitates a variety of applications that benefit from the collective value of biogeochemical time-series observations.
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Rob B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Laurent Bopp, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Kim I. Currie, Bertrand Decharme, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Thomas Gasser, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul Jain, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Sebastian Lienert, Junjie Liu, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Clemens Schwingshackl, Roland Séférian, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2021 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Sayaka Yasunaka, Tsuneo Ono, Kosei Sasaoka, and Kanako Sato
Ocean Sci., 18, 255–268, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chlorophyll a (Chl a), which is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis, often retains its maximum value in the subsurface layer rather that at the surface. In this study, we integrate Chl a concentration data from recent biogeochemical floats, as well as from historical ship-based and other observations, and present global maps of subsurface Chl a concentration and seasonal and interannual variations with related variables, i.e., light intensity, nitrate concentration, and oxygen production.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone Alin, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Selma Bultan, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Wiley Evans, Liesbeth Florentie, Piers M. Forster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ian Harris, Kerstin Hartung, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Vassilis Kitidis, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Adam J. P. Smith, Adrienne J. Sutton, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Guido van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3269–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2020 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Cited articles
Abo, K. and Yamamoto, T.: Oligotrophication and its measures in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, Bull. Jpn. Fish. Res. Ed. Ag., 49, 21–26, 2019.
Akashige, S. and Fushimi, T.: Growth, survival, and glycogen content of triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the waters of Hiroshima, Japan, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 58, 1063–1071, 1992.
Ando, H., Maki, H., Kashiwagi, N., and Ishii, Y.: Long-term change in the status of water pollution in Tokyo Bay: recent trend of increasing bottom-water dissolved oxygen concentrations, J. Oceanogr., 77, 843–858, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-021-00612-7, 2021.
Anthony, K. R., Kline, D. I., Diaz-Pulido, G., Dove, S., and Hoegh-Guldberg, O.: Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 17442–17446, 2008.
Association for Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea: The Seto Inland Sea: The largest enclosed coastal sea in Japan, https://www.seto.or.jp/upload/publish/setonaikai_heisaseikaiiki.pdf, last access: 31 October 2022.
Auclair, F., Benshila, R., Bordois, L., Boutet, M., Brémond, M., Caillaud, M., Cambon, G., Capet, X., Debreu, L., Ducousso, N., Dufois, F., Dumas, F., Ethé, C., Gula, J., Hourdin, C., Illig, S., Jullien, S., Le Corre, M., Le Gac, S., Le Gentil, S., Lemarié, F., Marchesiello, P., Mazoyer, C., Morvan, G., Nguyen, C., Penven, P., Person, R., Pianezze, J., Pous, S., Renault, L., Roblou, L., Sepulveda, A., and Theetten, S.: Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model (1.1), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415133, 2019.
Aumont, O.: PISCES biogeochemical model, 36 pp., https://data-croco.ifremer.fr/papers/manuel_pisces.pdf (last access: 5 May 2023), 2005.
Aumont, O., Maier-Reimer, E., Blain, S., and Monfray, P.: An ecosystem model of the global ocean including Fe, Si, P Colimitations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1–26, 2003.
Barton, A., Hales, B., Waldbusser, G., Langdon, C., and Feely, R. A.: The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 698–710, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698, 2012.
Bates, N. R., Astor, Y. M., Church, M. J., Currie, K., Dore, J. E., González-Dávila, M., Lorenzoni, L., Muller-Karger, F. Olafsson, J., and Santana-Casiano, J. M.: A time-series view of changing ocean chemistry due to ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification, Oceanography, 27, 126–141, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.16, 2014.
Bernardo, L. P. C., Fujii, M., and Ono, T.: Development of a high-resolution marine ecosystem model for predicting the combined impacts of ocean acidification and deoxygenation, Front. Mar. Sci., 10, 1174892, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1174892, 2023.
Booth, J. A. T., McPhee-Shaw, E. E., Chua, P., Kingsley, E., Denny, M., Phillips, R., Bograd, S. J., Zeidberg, L. D., and Gilly, W. F.: Natural intrusions of hypoxic, low pH water into nearshore marine environments on the California coast, Cont. Shelf Res., 45, 108–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.06.009, 2012.
Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K., Jacinto, G. S., Limburg, K. E., Montes, I., Naqvi, S. W. A., Pitcher, G. C., Rabalais, N. N., Roman, M. R., Rose, K. A., Seibel, B. A., Telszewski, M., Yasuhara, M., and Zhang, J.: Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters, Science, 359, 6371, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7240, 2018.
Chanley, T. P. and Dinamani, P.: Comparative descriptions of some oyster larvae from New Zealand and Chile, and a description of a new genus of oyster, New Zeal. J. Mar. Fresh., 14, 103–120, 1980.
Da Silva, A., Young, A. C., and Levitus, S.: Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, Vol. 1, Algorithms and Procedures, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, USA, 74 pp., 1994.
DeJong, H. B., Dunbar, R. B., Mucciarone, D., and Koweek, D. A.: Carbonate saturation state of surface waters in the Ross Sea and Southern Ocean: controls and implications for the onset of aragonite undersaturation, Biogeosciences, 12, 6881–6896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6881-2015, 2015.
Dekshennieks, M. M., Hofmann, E. E., Klink, J. M., and Powell, E. N.: Modeling the vertical distribution of oyster larvae in response to environmental conditions, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 136, 97–110, 1996.
DePasquale, E., Baumann, H., and Gobler, C. J.: Vulnerability of early life stage Northwest Atlantic forage fish to ocean acidification and low oxygen, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 523, 145–156, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11142, 2015.
Dickson, A. G.: Standard potential of the reaction: AgCl(s)
Doney, S. C., Busch, D. S., Cooley, S. R., and Kroeker, K. J.: The impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and reliant human, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 45, 83–112, 2020.
Durland, E., Waldbusser, G., and Langdon, C.: Comparison of larval development in domesticated and naturalized stocks of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to high pCO2 conditions, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 621, 107–125, 2019.
Egbert, G. D. and Erofeeva S. Y.: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 19, 183–204, 2002.
Fisheries Agency: Guidelines for the introduction of technologies to improve the environment of bivalve fishing grounds, https://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/j/kenkyu/pdf/pdf/3-3.pdf (last access: 1 February 2022), 2013.
Fujii, M., Takao, S., Yamaka, T., Akamatsu, T., Fujita, Y., Wakita, M., Yamamoto, A., and Ono, T.: Continuous monitoring and future projection of ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on the subarctic coast of Hokkaido, Japan, Front. Mar. Sci., 8, 590020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.590020, 2021.
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O. K., M. M. Zweng, and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, and Oxygen Saturation. S, edited by: Levitus, S., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 70, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 344 pp., https://doi.org/10.7289/V5XG9P2W, 2010a.
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Zweng, M. M., Baranova, O. K., and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Vol. 4, Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate), edited by: Levitus, S., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 71, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 398 pp., 2010b.
Gazeau, F., Quiblier, C., Jansen, J. M., Gattuso, J.-P., Middelburg, J. J., and Heip, C. H.: Impact of elevated CO2 on shellfish calcification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028554, 2007.
General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) website: Gridded Bathymetry Data, https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/ (last access: 14 October 2022), 2021.
Gimenez, I., Waldbusser, G. G., and Hales, B.: Ocean acidification stress index for shellfish (OASIS): Linking Pacific oyster larval survival and exposure to variable carbonate chemistry regimes, Elementa, Sci. Anthro., 6, 51, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.306, 2018.
Gobler, C. J. and Baumann, H.: Hypoxia and acidification in ocean ecosystems: coupled dymanics and effects on marine life, Biol. Lett., 12, 20150976, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0976, 2016.
Guinotte, J. M. and Fabry V. J.: Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1134, 320–342, 2008.
Hamanoue, R.: Assessment of impacts of ocean acidification on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): A case study in the Hinase Area, Okayama Prefecture and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Master's Thesis, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 88 pp., 2022 (in Japanese).
Hauri, C., Gruber, N., Vogt, M., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Lachkar, Z., Leinweber, A., McDonnell, A. M. P., Munnich, M., and Plattner, G.-K.: Spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of ocean acidification in the California Current System, Biogeosciences, 10, 193–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, 2013.
Helm K. P., Bindoff , N. L., and Church, J. A.: Observed decreases in oxygen content of the global ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049513, 2011.
Hochachka, P. W., Coupled glucose and amino acid catabolism in bivalve mollusks, in: Living without oxygen: closed and open systems in hypoxia tolerance, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 25–41, 1980.
Horii, H., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, K., and Shuto, N.: In-situ observations of water mass exchange in Shizugawa Bay, Proc. Coast. Eng., 41, 1091–1095, 1994 (in Japanese).
Hoshiba, Y., Hasumi, H., Itoh, S., Matsumura, Y., and Nakada, S.: Biogeochemical impacts of flooding discharge with high suspended sediment on coastal seas: a modeling study for a microtidal open bay, Sci. Rep., 11, 21322, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00633-8, 2021.
Imai, I., Yamaguchi, M., and Hori, Y.: Eutrophication and occurrences of harmful algal blooms in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, Plank. Ben. Res., 1, 71–84, 2006.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C, An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 ∘C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H. -O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., and Waterfield, T., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 630 pp., https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf (last access: 14 October 2022), 2018.
IPCC: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by: Pörtner, H. -O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegria, A., Nicolai M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 765 pp., https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/SROCC_FullReport_FINAL.pdf (last access: 14 October 2022), 2019.
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers, in: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 3–32, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.001, 2021.
Ito, T., Minobe, S., Long, M. C., and Deutch, C.: Upper ocean O2 trends: 1958–2015, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 4214–4223, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073613, 2017.
Japan Meteorological Agency website: NetCDF data (MSM, RSM) reconstructed around analysis values, http://database.rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp/arch/jmadata/gpv-netcdf.html, last access: 14 October 2022.
Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Feely, R. A., Lauvset, S. K., and Olsen, A.: Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future, Sci. Rep., 9, 18624, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4, 2019.
Jullien, S., Caillaud, M., Benshila, R., Bordois, L., Cambon, G., Dumas, F., Le Gentil, S., Lemarié, F., Marchesiello, P., and Theetten, S.: Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity (CROCO) modeling system technical and numerical documentation (Release 1.1), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7400759, 2019.
Kessouri, F., McWilliams, J. C., Bianchi, D., Sutula, M., Renault, L., Deutsch, C., Feely, R. A., McLaughlin, K., Ho, M., Howard, E. M., Bednaršek, N., Damien, P., Molemaker, J., and Weisberg, S. B.: Coastal eutrophication drives acidification, oxygen loss, and ecosystem change in a major oceanic upwelling system, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2018856118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018856118, 2021.
Kimura, R., Takami, H., Ono, T., Onitsuka, T., and Nojiri, Y.: Effects of elevated pCO2 on the early development of the commercially important gastropod, Ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Fish. Oceanogr., 20, 357–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00589.x, 2011.
Koslow, J. A., Goericke R., Lara-Lopez, A., and Watson, W.: Impact of declining intermediate-water oxygen on deep water fishes in the California Current, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 436, 207–218, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09270, 2011.
Koslow, J. A., Miller, E. F., and McGowan, J. A.: Dramatic declines in coastal and oceanic fish communities off California, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 538, 221–227, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11444, 2015.
Komatsu, T., Sasa, S., Montani, S., Yoshimura, C., Fujii, M., Natsuike, M., Nishimura, O., Sakamaki T., and Yanagi, T.: Studies on a coastal environment management method for an open-type bay: the case of Shizugawa Bay in Southern Sanriku Coast, Bull. Coast. Oceanogr., 56, 21–29, 2018 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Kurihara, H.: Effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of invertebrates, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 373, 275–284, 2008.
Kurihara, H., Kato, S., and Ishimatsu, A.: Effects of increased seawater pCO2 on early development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, Aquat. Biol., 1, 91–98, 2007.
Laffoley, D. and Baxter, J. M. (Eds.): Ocean deoxygenation: Everyone's problem – Causes, impacts, consequences and solutions, Full report, Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, 580 pp., https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2019.13.en, 2019.
Lee, K., Kim, T.-W., Byrne, R. H., Millero, F. J., Feely, R. A., and Liu, Y.-M.: The universal ratio of boron to chlorinity for the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 1801–1811, 2010.
Levitus, S., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Garcia, H. E., and Mishonov, A. V.: Global Ocean Heat Content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems, Geophy. Res. Lett., 36, L07608, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037155, 2009.
Lewis, E., and Wallace, D., and Allison, L. J.: Program developed for CO2 system calculations, ORNL/CDIAC-105, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab, 33 pp., https://doi.org/10.2172/639712, 1998.
Limburg, K. E., Breitburg, D., Swaney, D. P., and Jacinto, G.: Ocean deoxygenation: A primer, One Earth, 2, 24–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.01.001, 2020.
Lueker, T. J., Dickson, A. G., and Keeling, C. D.: Ocean pCO2 calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for K1 and K2: validation based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium, Mar. Chem., 70, 105–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(00)00022-0, 2000.
Melzner, F., Thomsen, J., Koeve, W., Oschilies, A., Gutowska, M. A., Bange, H. W., Hansen, H., P., and Körtzinger, A.: Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats, Mar. Biol., 160, 1875–1888, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-1954-1, 2013.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries website: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/kouhyou/kaimen_gyosei/, last access: 14 October 2022.
Ministry of the Environment: Guide book of environments in enclosed sea areas (88 areas), Ministry of Environment of Japan, Tokyo, 407, 2010 (in Japanese).
Ministry of the Environment website: https://water-pub.env.go.jp/water-pub/mizu-site/mizu/kousui/dataMap.asp, last access: 14 October 2022.
Morse, J. W., Mucci, A., and Millero, F. J.: The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater of 35 %, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 44, 85–94, 1980.
Ning, X., Lin, C., Su, J., Liu, C., Hao, Q., and Le, F.: Long-term changes of dissolved oxygen, hypoxia, and the responses of the ecosystems in the East China Sea from 1975 to 1995, J. Oceanogr., 67, 59–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0006-7, 2011.
Nishikawa, S., Wakamatsu, T., Ishizaki, H., Sakamoto, K., Tanaka, Y., Tsujino, H., Yamanaka, G., Kamachi, M., and Ishikawa, Y.: Development of high-resolution future ocean regional projection datasets for coastal applications in Japan, Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., 8, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00399-z, 2021.
Nomura, M., Chiba, N., Xu, K.-Q., and Sudo, R.: The formation of anoxic water mass in Shizugawa Bay, Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 2, 203–210, 1996 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Oizumi S., Ito, S., Koganezawa, A., Sakai, S., Sato, R., and Kanno, H.: Techniques of oyster culture, in: Aquaculture in shallow seas: progress in shallow sea culture, edited by: Imai, T., Koseisha Koseikaku, Tokyo, 153–189, 1971 (in Japanese).
Onitsuka, T., Kimura, R., Ono, T., Takami, H., and Y. Nojiri, Y.: Effects of ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of the horned turban, Turbo cornutus, Mar. Biol., 161, 1127–1138, 2014.
Onitsuka, T., Takami, H., Muraoka, D., Matsumoto, Y., Nakatsubo, A., Kimura, R., Ono, T., and Nojiri, Y.: Effects of ocean acidification with pCO2 diurnal fluctuations on survival and larval shell formation of ezo abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, Mar. Environ. Res., 134, 28–36, 2018.
Ono, T.: Long-term trends of oxygen concentration in the waters in bank and shelves of the Southern Japan Sea, J. Oceanogr., 77, 659–684, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-021-00599-1, 2021.
Orr, J. C., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Key, R. M., Lindsay, K., Slater, R. D., Totterdell, I. J., Weirig, M.-F., Yamanaka, Y., and Yool, A.: Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and Nature, 437, 681–686, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04095, 2005.
Oschlies, A., Brandt, P., Stramma, L., and Schmidtko, S.: Drivers and mechanisms of ocean deoxygenation, Nat. Geosci., 11, 467–473, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0152-2, 2018.
Papalexiou, S. M. and Montanari, A.: Global and regional increase of precipitation extremes under global warming, Water Resour. Res., 55, 4901–4914, 2019.
Penven, P., Cambon, G., Marchesiello, P., Sepulveda, A., Benshila, R., Illig, S., Jullien, S., Le Corre, M., Le Gentil, S., and Morvan, G.: CROCO tools (1.1), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7432019, 2019.
Perez, F. F. and Fraga, F.: Association constant of fluoride and hydrogen ions in seawater, Mar. Chem., 21, 161–168, 1987.
Pierrot, D., Lewis, E., and Wallace, D. W. R.: MS Excel program developed for CO2 system calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105a. Oak Ridge, TN, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2006.
Rabalais, N. N., Díaz, R. J., Levin, L. A., Turner, R. E., Gilbert, D., and Zhang, J.: Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia, Biogeosciences, 7, 585–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-585-2010, 2010.
Sasano, D., Takatani, Y., Kosugi, N., Nakano, T., Midorikawa, T., and Ishii, M.: Multidecadal trends of oxygen and their controlling factors in the western North Pacific, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 935–956, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005065, 2015.
Sasano, D., Takatani, Y., Kosugi, N., Nakano, T., Midorikawa, T., and Ishii, M.: Decline and bidecadal oscillations of dissolved oxygen in the Oyashio region and their propagation to the western North Pacific, Gloal Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 909–931, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GB005876, 2018.
Schmidtko, S., Stramma, L., and Visbeck, M.: Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades, Nature, 542, 335–339, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21399, 2017.
Steckbauer, A., Klein, S. G., and Duarte, C. M.: Additive impacts of deoxygenation and acidification threaten marine biota, Glob. Change Biol., 26, 56012–5612, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15252, 2020.
Stramma, L., Schmidtko, S., Levin, L. A., and Johnson, G. C.: Ocean oxygen minima expansions and their biological impacts, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 57, 587–595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.01.005, 2010.
Stramma, L., Prince, E. D., Schmidtko, S., Luo, J., Hooliham, J. P., Visbeck, M., Wallace, D. W. R., Brandt, P., and Kortzinger, A.: Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 33–37, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1304, 2011.
Stramma, L., Oschlies, A., and Schmidtko, S.: Mismatch between observed and modeled trends in dissolved upper-ocean oxygen over the last 50 yr, Biogeosciences, 9, 4045–4057, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4045-2012, 2012.
Stramma, L., Schmidtko, S., Bograd, S. J., Ono, T., Ross, T., Sasano, D., and Whitney, F. A.: Trends and decadal oscillations of oxygen and nutrients at 50 to 300 m depth in the equatorial and North Pacific, Biogeosciences, 17, 813–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-813-2020, 2020.
Suzuki, M., Nakatani, Y., and Koga, Y.: Evaluating the effects of operations to increase nitrogen discharge from sewage treatment plants on concentrations of organic matter and nutrients in surface water at Harima-nada in the Seto Inland Sea, J. Jpn. Soc. Water Environ., 43, 43–53, 2020 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Tachi, H., Hata, N., Saitou, Y., and Iwao, T.: An attempt to collect the natural spat of Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas in the coast of Toba-Shima, Mie prefecture, Bull. Mie Pref. Fish. Res. Inst., 22, 17–24, 2013 (in Japanese).
Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 485–498, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1, 2012.
Tsujino, H., Nakano, H., Sakamoto, K., Urakawa, S., Hirabara, M., Ishizaki, H., and Yamanaka, G.: Reference manual for the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model version 4 (MRI.COMv4), Tech. Rep. MRI, 80, 284 pp., https://doi.org/10.11483/mritechrepo.80, 2017.
van Vuuren, D. P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Hibbard, K., Hurtt, G. C., Kram, T., Krey, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Masui, T, Meinshausen, M., Nakicenovic, N., Smith, S. J., and Rose, S. K.: The representative concentration pathways: an overview, Climatic Change, 109, 5–31, 2011.
Wada, S., Ishii, M., Kosugi, N., Sasano, D., Matsushita, W., Omori, Y., and Hama, T.: Seasonal dynamics of seawater CO2 system at a coastal site near the southern tip of Izu Peninsula, Japan, J. Oceanogr., 76, 227–242, 2020.
Wakita, M., Nagano, A., Fujiki, T., and Watanabe, S.: Slow acidification of the winter mixed layer in the subarctic western North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 122, 6923–6935, 2017.
Wakita, M., Sasaki, K., Nagano, A., Abe, H., Tanaka, T., Nagano, K., Sugie, K., Kaneko, H., Kimoto, K., Okunishi, T., Takada, M., Yoshino, J., and Watanabe, S.: Rapid reduction of pH and CaCO3 saturation state in the Tsugaru Strait by the intensified Tsugaru warm current during 2012–2019, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, GL091332, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091332, 2021.
Waldbusser, G. G., Hales, B., Langdon, C. J., Haley, B. A., Schrader, P., Brunner, E. L., Gray, M. W., Miller, C. A., and Gimenez, I.: Saturation-state sensitivity of marine bivalve larvae to ocean acidification, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 273–280, 2015.
Wallace, R. B., Baumann, H., Grear, J. S., Aller, R. C., and Gobler, C. J.: Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 148, 1–13, 2014.
Watanabe, S., Hajima, T., Sudo, K., Nagashima, T., Takemura, T., Okajima, H., Nozawa, T., Kawase, H., Abe, M., Yokohata, T., Ise, T., Sato, H., Kato, E., Takata, K., Emori, S., and Kawamiya, M.: MIROC-ESM 2010: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20C3M experiments, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 845–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-845-2011, 2011.
Watanabe, Y. W., Li, B. F., Yamasaki, R., Yunoki, S., Imai, K., Hosoda, S., and Nakano, Y.: Spatiotemporal changes of ocean carbon species in the western North Pacific using parameterization technique, J. Oceanogr., 76, 155–167, 2020.
Wei, Q., Yao, Q., Wang, B., Xue, L., Fu, M., Sun, J., Liu, X., and Yu, Z.: Deoxygenation and its controls in a semienclosed shelf ecosystem, northern Yellow Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 124, 9004–9019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015399, 2019.
Xiong, T., Wei, Q., Zhai, W., Li, C., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., and Yu, S.: Comparing subsurface seasonal deoxygenation and acidification in the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea along the north-to-south latitude gradient, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 686, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00686, 2020.
Yamaka, T.: Assessment and future projection of variational characteristics of global warming and ocean acidification proxies in Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 74 pp., 2019 (in Japanese).
Yamamoto, T., Orimoto, K., Asaoka, S., Yamamoto, H., and Onodera, S.: A Conflict between the legacy of eutrophication and cultural oligotrophication in Hiroshima Bay, Oceans, 2, 546–565, https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030031, 2021.
Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Kawamura, N., Ono, T., Kosugi, N., Kubo, A., Ishii, M., and Kanda, J.: Calcium carbonate saturation and ocean acidification J. Oceanogr., 71, 427–439, 2015.
Yara, Y., Oshima, K., Fujii, M., Yamano, H., Yamanaka, Y., and Okada, N.: Projection and uncertainty of the poleward range expansion of coral habitats in response to sea surface temperature warming: A multiple climate model study, Galaxea, J. Coral Reef Stud., 13, 11–20, 2011.
Yorifuji, M., Hahashi, M., and Ono, T.: Interactive effects of ocean deoxygenation and acidification on a coastal fish Sillago japonica in early life stages, Mar. Pollut. Bull., in review, 2023.
Yoshino, J., Arakawa, S., Toyoda, M., and Kobayashi, T.: Inter-scenario comparison of warming effects on typhoon intensity using a high-resolution typhoon model, Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu, Coast. Eng., 71, 1519–1524, 2015 (in Japanese).
Zhang, J., Gilbert, D., Gooday, A. J., Levin, L., Naqvi, S. W. A., Middelburg, J. J., Scranton, M., Ekau, W., Peña, A., Dewitte, B., Oguz, T., Monteiro, P. M. S., Urban, E., Rabalais, N. N., Ittekkot, V., Kemp, W. M., Ulloa, O., Elmgren, R., Escobar-Briones, E., and Van der Plas, A. K.: Natural and human-induced hypoxia and consequences for coastal areas: synthesis and future development, Biogeosciences, 7, 1443–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1443-2010, 2010.
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint