Biogeosciences
Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 23, issue 21
Articles | Volume 23, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7679-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7679-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 23, issue 21
Research article
 | 
30 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 30 Oct 2026

The open uncertainty window in ocean biogeochemical responses to fossil carbon emissions

Karin Kvale, Ivy Frenger, Julia Getzlaff, Wolfgang Koeve, Iris Kriest, Angela Landolfi, and Andreas Oschlies

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Short summary
We tried to understand how parameter choices can impact ocean model results over long-timescale simulations. Using a standard ocean biogeochemical model, we modified the physics slightly and then used an objective tuning procedure to create 3 ocean biogeochemical models that perform nearly identically for the modern ocean. These 3 models gave similar results but for different underlying reasons, which caused the models to respond differently when forced with fossil CO2 emissions.
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