Articles | Volume 12, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5119-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5119-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Aug 2015
Research article |
| 28 Aug 2015
Quantifying the biological impact of surface ocean light attenuation by colored detrital matter in an ESM using a new optical parameterization
G. E. Kim
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
M.-A. Pradal
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
A. Gnanadesikan
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Christopher Holder, Anand Gnanadesikan, and Marie Aude-Pradal
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 1595–1617, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1595-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1595-2022, 2022
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It can be challenging to understand why Earth system models (ESMs) produce specific results because one can arrive at the same result simply by changing the values of the parameters. In our paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to use machine learning to figure out how and why particular components of an ESM (such as biology or ocean circulations) affect the output. This work could be applied to observations to improve the accuracy of the formulations used in ESMs.
Christopher Holder and Anand Gnanadesikan
Biogeosciences, 18, 1941–1970, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1941-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1941-2021, 2021
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A challenge for marine ecologists in studying phytoplankton is linking small-scale relationships found in a lab to broader relationships observed on large scales in the environment. We investigated whether machine learning (ML) could help connect these small- and large-scale relationships. ML was able to provide qualitative information about the small-scale processes from large-scale information. This method could help identify important relationships from observations in future research.
S. Sedigh Marvasti, A. Gnanadesikan, A. A. Bidokhti, J. P. Dunne, and S. Ghader
Biogeosciences, 13, 1049–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1049-2016, 2016
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This study examines challenges in modeling phytoplankton blooms in Northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Blooms in the region show strong modulation both by seasons and in the wintertime by eddies. However getting both of these correct is a challenge in a set of state-of-the-art global Earth System models. It is argued that maintaining a sharp pycnocline may be the key for preventing the wintertime bloom from being too strong and for allowing eddies to modulate upward mixing of nutrients.
A. Goswami, P. L. Olson, L. A. Hinnov, and A. Gnanadesikan
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2735–2748, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2735-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2735-2015, 2015
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A methodology is presented for reconstructing past global ocean bathymetry using a plate cooling model for the oceanic lithosphere, the age distribution of the oceanic crust, global oceanic sediment thicknesses, plus shelf-slope-rise structures calibrated at modern active and passive continental margins. The final product is a globally complete ocean bathymetry at arbitrary resolution with an isostatically adjusted, multicomponent sediment layer.
N. Towles, P. Olson, and A. Gnanadesikan
Clim. Past, 11, 991–1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-991-2015, 2015
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In this paper we find scaling relationships for perturbations to atmosphere and ocean variables from large transient CO2 emissions. We use a carbon cycle box model to calculate peak perturbations to a variety of ocean and atmosphere variables resulting from idealized emission events. As these scaling relationships depend on the physical setup, they represent a compact way of characterizing how different climates respond to large transient perturbations.
A. Gnanadesikan, M.-A. Pradal, and R. Abernathey
Ocean Sci., 11, 591–605, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-591-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-591-2015, 2015
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Many ocean circulation models use representations of lateral mixing based on instability theories that predict weak mixing in the ocean interior, much lower than observed. We show that using more realistic mixing improves the distribution of mantle helium-3. It does not, however, resolve the paradox that models reproduce the relationship between mantle helium and radiocarbon with a flux of helium-3 lower than is consistent with the heat leaving the mantle.
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As commonly observed in oligotrophic stratified waters, a subsurface (or deep) chlorophyll maximum (SCM) frequently characterizes the vertical distribution of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea. SCMs often result from photoacclimation of the phytoplankton organisms. However they can also result from an actual increase in phytoplankton carbon biomass. Our results also suggest that a variety of intermediate types of SCMs are encountered between these two endmember situations.
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Hailong Zhang, Shengqiang Wang, Zhongfeng Qiu, Deyong Sun, Joji Ishizaka, Shaojie Sun, and Yijun He
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The PSC model was re-tuned for regional application in the East China Sea, and successfully applied to MODIS data. We investigated previously unknown temporal–spatial patterns of the PSC in the ECS and analyzed their responses to environmental factors. The results show the PSC varied across both spatial and temporal scales, and was probably affected by the water column stability, upwelling, and Kuroshio. In addition, human activity and riverine discharge may impact the PSC dynamics.
Ishan D. Joshi and Eurico J. D'Sa
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The standard quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA) was tuned for various ocean color sensors as QAA-V and optimized for and evaluated in a variety of waters from highly absorbing and turbid to relatively clear shelf waters. The QAA-V-derived optical properties of total absorption and backscattering coefficients showed an obvious improvement when compared to the standard QAA and were used to examine suspended particulate matter dynamics in Galveston Bay following flooding due to Hurricane Harvey.
Yasmina Loozen, Karin T. Rebel, Derek Karssenberg, Martin J. Wassen, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, and Steven M. De Jong
Biogeosciences, 15, 2723–2742, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2723-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2723-2018, 2018
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Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It would be interesting to detect it using satellite data. The goal was to investigate if it is possible to remotely sense the canopy nitrogen concentration and content of Mediterranean trees using a product calculated from satellite reflectance data, the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI). The tree plots were located in Catalonia, NE Spain. The relationship between MTCI and canopy N was present but dependent on the type of trees.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Anna E. Hickman, and Oliver Jahn
Biogeosciences, 15, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-613-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-613-2018, 2018
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This study provides a demonstration that a biogeochemical/ecosystem/optical computer model which explicitly captures how light is radiated at the surface of the ocean and can be used as a laboratory to explore products (such as Chl a) that are derived from satellite measurements of ocean colour. It explores uncertainties that arise from data input used to derive the algorithms for the products, and issues arising from the interplay between optically important constituents in the ocean.
Gholamreza Mohammadpour, Jean-Pierre Gagné, Pierre Larouche, and Martin A. Montes-Hugo
Biogeosciences, 14, 5297–5312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5297-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5297-2017, 2017
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The mass-specific absorption coefficients of total suspended particulate matter (aSPM*) had relatively low (high) values in areas of of the St. Lawrence Estuary influenced by marine (freshwater) waters and dominated by large-sized (small-sized) and organic-rich (mineral-rich) particulates.
The inorganic content of particulates was correlated with size-fractionated aSPM* values at a wavelength of 440 nm and the spectral slope of aSPM* as computed within the spectral range 400–710 nm.
Albert-Miquel Sánchez and Jaume Piera
Biogeosciences, 13, 4081–4098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4081-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4081-2016, 2016
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In this paper, several methods for the retrieval of the refractive indices are used in three different examples modeling different shapes and particle size distributions. The error associated with each method is discussed and analyzed. It is finally demonstrated that those inverse methods using a genetic algorithm provide optimal estimations relative to other techniques that, although faster, are less accurate.
Luisa Galgani and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 13, 2453–2473, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2453-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2453-2016, 2016
J. A. Gamon, O. Kovalchuck, C. Y. S. Wong, A. Harris, and S. R. Garrity
Biogeosciences, 12, 4149–4159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4149-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4149-2015, 2015
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NDVI and PRI sensors (SRS, Decagon Inc.) exhibited complementary responses during spring photosynthetic activation in evergreen and deciduous stands. In evergreens, PRI was most strongly influenced by changing chlorophyll:carotenoid pool sizes over the several weeks of the study, while it was most affected by xanthophyll cycle pigment activity at the diurnal timescale. These automated PRI and NDVI sensors offer new ways to explore environmental and physiological constraints on photosynthesis.
M. Grenier, A. Della Penna, and T. W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 12, 2707–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2707-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2707-2015, 2015
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Four bio-profilers were deployed in the high-biomass plume downstream of the Kerguelen Plateau (KP; Southern Ocean) to examine the conditions favouring phytoplankton accumulation. Regions of very high Chla accumulation were mainly associated with surface waters from the northern KP. Light limitation seems to have a limited influence on production. A cyclonic eddy was associated with a significant export of organic matter and a subsequent dissolved inorganic carbon storage in the ocean interior.
I. Cetinić, M. J. Perry, E. D'Asaro, N. Briggs, N. Poulton, M. E. Sieracki, and C. M. Lee
Biogeosciences, 12, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2179-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2179-2015, 2015
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The ratio of simple optical properties measured from underwater autonomous platforms, such as floats and gliders, is used as a new tool for studying phytoplankton distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. The resolution that optical instruments carried by autonomous platforms provide allows us to study phytoplankton patchiness and its drivers in the oceanic systems.
B. Heim, E. Abramova, R. Doerffer, F. Günther, J. Hölemann, A. Kraberg, H. Lantuit, A. Loginova, F. Martynov, P. P. Overduin, and C. Wegner
Biogeosciences, 11, 4191–4210, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, 2014
M. Kahru and R. Elmgren
Biogeosciences, 11, 3619–3633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3619-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3619-2014, 2014
E. J. D'Sa, J. I. Goes, H. Gomes, and C. Mouw
Biogeosciences, 11, 3225–3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3225-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3225-2014, 2014
A. Matsuoka, M. Babin, D. Doxaran, S. B. Hooker, B. G. Mitchell, S. Bélanger, and A. Bricaud
Biogeosciences, 11, 3131–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3131-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3131-2014, 2014
S. Q. Wang, J. Ishizaka, H. Yamaguchi, S. C. Tripathy, M. Hayashi, Y. J. Xu, Y. Mino, T. Matsuno, Y. Watanabe, and S. J. Yoo
Biogeosciences, 11, 1759–1773, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1759-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1759-2014, 2014
S. L. Shang, Q. Dong, C. M. Hu, G. Lin, Y. H. Li, and S. P. Shang
Biogeosciences, 11, 269–280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-269-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-269-2014, 2014
H. Örek, R. Doerffer, R. Röttgers, M. Boersma, and K. H. Wiltshire
Biogeosciences, 10, 7081–7094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7081-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7081-2013, 2013
S. Bélanger, S. A. Cizmeli, J. Ehn, A. Matsuoka, D. Doxaran, S. Hooker, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 6433–6452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6433-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6433-2013, 2013
X. Zhang, Y. Huot, D. J. Gray, A. Weidemann, and W. J. Rhea
Biogeosciences, 10, 6029–6043, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6029-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6029-2013, 2013
D. Antoine, S. B. Hooker, S. Bélanger, A. Matsuoka, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 4493–4509, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4493-2013, 2013
S. B. Hooker, J. H. Morrow, and A. Matsuoka
Biogeosciences, 10, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4511-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4511-2013, 2013
S. Bélanger, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 4087–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, 2013
A. Matsuoka, S. B. Hooker, A. Bricaud, B. Gentili, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 917–927, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-917-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-917-2013, 2013
S. Takao, T. Hirawake, S. W. Wright, and K. Suzuki
Biogeosciences, 9, 3875–3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3875-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3875-2012, 2012
R. Röttgers and B. P. Koch
Biogeosciences, 9, 2585–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2585-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2585-2012, 2012
A. Sadeghi, T. Dinter, M. Vountas, B. Taylor, M. Altenburg-Soppa, and A. Bracher
Biogeosciences, 9, 2127–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2127-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2127-2012, 2012
A. Matsuoka, A. Bricaud, R. Benner, J. Para, R. Sempéré, L. Prieur, S. Bélanger, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 9, 925–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-925-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-925-2012, 2012
B. B. Taylor, E. Torrecilla, A. Bernhardt, M. H. Taylor, I. Peeken, R. Röttgers, J. Piera, and A. Bracher
Biogeosciences, 8, 3609–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3609-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3609-2011, 2011
G. Dall'Olmo, E. Boss, M. J. Behrenfeld, T. K. Westberry, C. Courties, L. Prieur, M. Pujo-Pay, N. Hardman-Mountford, and T. Moutin
Biogeosciences, 8, 3423–3439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3423-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3423-2011, 2011
H. Loisel, V. Vantrepotte, K. Norkvist, X. Mériaux, M. Kheireddine, J. Ras, M. Pujo-Pay, Y. Combet, K. Leblanc, G. Dall'Olmo, R. Mauriac, D. Dessailly, and T. Moutin
Biogeosciences, 8, 3295–3317, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3295-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3295-2011, 2011
S. Shang, Q. Dong, Z. Lee, Y. Li, Y. Xie, and M. Behrenfeld
Biogeosciences, 8, 841–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-841-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-841-2011, 2011
T. S. Kostadinov, D. A. Siegel, and S. Maritorena
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Short summary
Light absorption by colored detrital material (CDM) was included in a fully coupled Earth system model. Chlorophyll and biomass increased near the surface but decreased at greater depths when CDM was included. Concurrently, total biomass decreased leaving more nutrients in the water. Regional changes were analyzed by comparing the competing factors of diminished light availability and increased nutrient availability on phytoplankton growth.
Light absorption by colored detrital material (CDM) was included in a fully coupled Earth system...
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