Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1249-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1249-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Mar 2019
Research article |
| 27 Mar 2019
| 27 Mar 2019
Carbon Flux Explorer optical assessment of C, N and P fluxes
Hannah L. Bourne
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California,
Berkeley, 94720, USA
James K. B. Bishop
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California,
Berkeley, 94720, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, USA
Todd J. Wood
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, USA
Timothy J. Loew
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, USA
Yizhuang Liu
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California,
Berkeley, 94720, USA
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Hannah L. Bourne, James K. B. Bishop, Elizabeth J. Connors, and Todd J. Wood
Biogeosciences, 18, 3053–3086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3053-2021, 2021
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To learn how the biological carbon pump works in productive coastal upwelling systems, four autonomous carbon flux explorers measured carbon flux through the twilight zone beneath an offshore-flowing filament of biologically productive water. Strikingly different particle classes dominated the carbon fluxes during successive stages of the filament evolution over 30 d. Both flux and transfer efficiency were far greater than expected, suggesting an outsized filament impact in California waters.
Hannah L. Bourne, James K. B. Bishop, Elizabeth J. Connors, and Todd J. Wood
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To learn how the biological carbon pump works in productive coastal upwelling systems, four autonomous carbon flux explorers measured carbon flux through the twilight zone beneath an offshore-flowing filament of biologically productive water. Strikingly different particle classes dominated the carbon fluxes during successive stages of the filament evolution over 30 d. Both flux and transfer efficiency were far greater than expected, suggesting an outsized filament impact in California waters.
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Is the ocean’s biological carbon pump stable or changing? The Carbon Flux Explorer (CFE), capable of year-long missions without tending ships, was invented to address this question. The CFE dives to 1000 m depths and drifts with currents to optically measure the downward flux of sinking carbon using imaging methods. During wintertime tests in California coastal waters, the CFE observed fluxes ∼10 times higher than previously reported. Traditional approaches have undersampled > 1 mm aggregates.
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Yasmina Loozen, Karin T. Rebel, Derek Karssenberg, Martin J. Wassen, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, and Steven M. De Jong
Biogeosciences, 15, 2723–2742, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2723-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2723-2018, 2018
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Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Anna E. Hickman, and Oliver Jahn
Biogeosciences, 15, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-613-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-613-2018, 2018
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Gholamreza Mohammadpour, Jean-Pierre Gagné, Pierre Larouche, and Martin A. Montes-Hugo
Biogeosciences, 14, 5297–5312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5297-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5297-2017, 2017
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The mass-specific absorption coefficients of total suspended particulate matter (aSPM*) had relatively low (high) values in areas of of the St. Lawrence Estuary influenced by marine (freshwater) waters and dominated by large-sized (small-sized) and organic-rich (mineral-rich) particulates.
The inorganic content of particulates was correlated with size-fractionated aSPM* values at a wavelength of 440 nm and the spectral slope of aSPM* as computed within the spectral range 400–710 nm.
Albert-Miquel Sánchez and Jaume Piera
Biogeosciences, 13, 4081–4098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4081-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4081-2016, 2016
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In this paper, several methods for the retrieval of the refractive indices are used in three different examples modeling different shapes and particle size distributions. The error associated with each method is discussed and analyzed. It is finally demonstrated that those inverse methods using a genetic algorithm provide optimal estimations relative to other techniques that, although faster, are less accurate.
Luisa Galgani and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 13, 2453–2473, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2453-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2453-2016, 2016
G. E. Kim, M.-A. Pradal, and A. Gnanadesikan
Biogeosciences, 12, 5119–5132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5119-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5119-2015, 2015
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Light absorption by colored detrital material (CDM) was included in a fully coupled Earth system model. Chlorophyll and biomass increased near the surface but decreased at greater depths when CDM was included. Concurrently, total biomass decreased leaving more nutrients in the water. Regional changes were analyzed by comparing the competing factors of diminished light availability and increased nutrient availability on phytoplankton growth.
J. A. Gamon, O. Kovalchuck, C. Y. S. Wong, A. Harris, and S. R. Garrity
Biogeosciences, 12, 4149–4159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4149-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4149-2015, 2015
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NDVI and PRI sensors (SRS, Decagon Inc.) exhibited complementary responses during spring photosynthetic activation in evergreen and deciduous stands. In evergreens, PRI was most strongly influenced by changing chlorophyll:carotenoid pool sizes over the several weeks of the study, while it was most affected by xanthophyll cycle pigment activity at the diurnal timescale. These automated PRI and NDVI sensors offer new ways to explore environmental and physiological constraints on photosynthesis.
M. Grenier, A. Della Penna, and T. W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 12, 2707–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2707-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2707-2015, 2015
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Four bio-profilers were deployed in the high-biomass plume downstream of the Kerguelen Plateau (KP; Southern Ocean) to examine the conditions favouring phytoplankton accumulation. Regions of very high Chla accumulation were mainly associated with surface waters from the northern KP. Light limitation seems to have a limited influence on production. A cyclonic eddy was associated with a significant export of organic matter and a subsequent dissolved inorganic carbon storage in the ocean interior.
I. Cetinić, M. J. Perry, E. D'Asaro, N. Briggs, N. Poulton, M. E. Sieracki, and C. M. Lee
Biogeosciences, 12, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2179-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2179-2015, 2015
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The ratio of simple optical properties measured from underwater autonomous platforms, such as floats and gliders, is used as a new tool for studying phytoplankton distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. The resolution that optical instruments carried by autonomous platforms provide allows us to study phytoplankton patchiness and its drivers in the oceanic systems.
B. Heim, E. Abramova, R. Doerffer, F. Günther, J. Hölemann, A. Kraberg, H. Lantuit, A. Loginova, F. Martynov, P. P. Overduin, and C. Wegner
Biogeosciences, 11, 4191–4210, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, 2014
M. Kahru and R. Elmgren
Biogeosciences, 11, 3619–3633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3619-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3619-2014, 2014
E. J. D'Sa, J. I. Goes, H. Gomes, and C. Mouw
Biogeosciences, 11, 3225–3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3225-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3225-2014, 2014
A. Matsuoka, M. Babin, D. Doxaran, S. B. Hooker, B. G. Mitchell, S. Bélanger, and A. Bricaud
Biogeosciences, 11, 3131–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3131-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3131-2014, 2014
S. Q. Wang, J. Ishizaka, H. Yamaguchi, S. C. Tripathy, M. Hayashi, Y. J. Xu, Y. Mino, T. Matsuno, Y. Watanabe, and S. J. Yoo
Biogeosciences, 11, 1759–1773, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1759-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1759-2014, 2014
S. L. Shang, Q. Dong, C. M. Hu, G. Lin, Y. H. Li, and S. P. Shang
Biogeosciences, 11, 269–280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-269-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-269-2014, 2014
H. Örek, R. Doerffer, R. Röttgers, M. Boersma, and K. H. Wiltshire
Biogeosciences, 10, 7081–7094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7081-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7081-2013, 2013
S. Bélanger, S. A. Cizmeli, J. Ehn, A. Matsuoka, D. Doxaran, S. Hooker, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 6433–6452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6433-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6433-2013, 2013
X. Zhang, Y. Huot, D. J. Gray, A. Weidemann, and W. J. Rhea
Biogeosciences, 10, 6029–6043, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6029-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6029-2013, 2013
D. Antoine, S. B. Hooker, S. Bélanger, A. Matsuoka, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 4493–4509, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4493-2013, 2013
S. B. Hooker, J. H. Morrow, and A. Matsuoka
Biogeosciences, 10, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4511-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4511-2013, 2013
S. Bélanger, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 4087–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, 2013
A. Matsuoka, S. B. Hooker, A. Bricaud, B. Gentili, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 917–927, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-917-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-917-2013, 2013
S. Takao, T. Hirawake, S. W. Wright, and K. Suzuki
Biogeosciences, 9, 3875–3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3875-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3875-2012, 2012
R. Röttgers and B. P. Koch
Biogeosciences, 9, 2585–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2585-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2585-2012, 2012
A. Sadeghi, T. Dinter, M. Vountas, B. Taylor, M. Altenburg-Soppa, and A. Bracher
Biogeosciences, 9, 2127–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2127-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2127-2012, 2012
A. Matsuoka, A. Bricaud, R. Benner, J. Para, R. Sempéré, L. Prieur, S. Bélanger, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 9, 925–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-925-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-925-2012, 2012
B. B. Taylor, E. Torrecilla, A. Bernhardt, M. H. Taylor, I. Peeken, R. Röttgers, J. Piera, and A. Bracher
Biogeosciences, 8, 3609–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3609-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3609-2011, 2011
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Short summary
The biological carbon pump, the process by which carbon-laden particles sink out of the surface ocean, is dynamic and fast. The use of autonomous observations will better inform carbon export simulations. The Carbon Flux Explorer (CFE) was developed to optically measure hourly variations of particle flux. We calibrate the optical measurements of the CFE against C and N flux using samples collected during a coastal California cruise in June 2017. Our results yield well-correlated calibrations.
The biological carbon pump, the process by which carbon-laden particles sink out of the surface...
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