Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3277-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3277-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Jun 2020
Research article |
| 29 Jun 2020
| 29 Jun 2020
Decoupling of ΔO2∕Ar and particulate organic carbon dynamics in nearshore surface ocean waters
Sarah Z. Rosengard
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Robert W. Izett
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
William J. Burt
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks,
Fairbanks, 99775, USA
Nina Schuback
Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Center for Climate Change
Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Philippe D. Tortell
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4,
Canada
Related authors
S. Z. Rosengard, P. J. Lam, W. M. Balch, M. E. Auro, S. Pike, D. Drapeau, and B. Bowler
Biogeosciences, 12, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) into the deep ocean is an important atmospheric carbon dioxide sink. Observations from the Southern Ocean Great Calcite Belt region show that the relationship between POC and biogenic mineral fluxes varies with depth, between the surface and 1000m below. The results suggest that the transfer of POC into the deep ocean is more closely related to phytoplankton community structure than to mineral composition alone.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Sacchidanandan Viruthasalam Pillai, M. Angelica Peña, Brandon J. McNabb, William J. Burt, and Philippe D. Tortell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2851, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2851, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how hyperspectral optical data collected in the North Pacific can be used to determine the phytoplankton community composition. We used the optically derived infomation of the phytoplankton community to examine the phytoplankton sizes, oceanographic controls and links to other biogeochemical variables. This work was motivated by the upcoming launch of the PACE satellite by NASA and the increased availability of hyperspectral optical measurements in oceanographic studies.
Brandon J. McNabb and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 19, 1705–1721, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) plays an important role in the ocean sulfur cycle and can also influence Earth’s climate. Our study used two statistical methods to predict surface ocean concentrations and rates of sea–air exchange of DMS in the northeast subarctic Pacific. Our results show improved predictive power over previous approaches and suggest that nutrient availability, light-dependent processes, and physical mixing may be important controls on DMS in this region.
Samuel T. Wilson, Alia N. Al-Haj, Annie Bourbonnais, Claudia Frey, Robinson W. Fulweiler, John D. Kessler, Hannah K. Marchant, Jana Milucka, Nicholas E. Ray, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Brett F. Thornton, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Thomas S. Weber, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Heather M. Benway, Daniele Bianchi, Alberto V. Borges, Bonnie X. Chang, Patrick M. Crill, Daniela A. del Valle, Laura Farías, Samantha B. Joye, Annette Kock, Jabrane Labidi, Cara C. Manning, John W. Pohlman, Gregor Rehder, Katy J. Sparrow, Philippe D. Tortell, Tina Treude, David L. Valentine, Bess B. Ward, Simon Yang, and Leonid N. Yurganov
Biogeosciences, 17, 5809–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans are a net source of the major greenhouse gases; however there has been little coordination of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements. The scientific community has recently embarked on a series of capacity-building exercises to improve the interoperability of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements. This paper derives from a workshop which discussed the challenges and opportunities for oceanic methane and nitrous oxide research in the near future.
Christina Schallenberg, Robert F. Strzepek, Nina Schuback, Lesley A. Clementson, Philip W. Boyd, and Thomas W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 17, 793–812, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-793-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-793-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of phytoplankton health still require the use of research vessels and are thus costly and sparse. In this paper we propose a new way to assess the health of phytoplankton using simple fluorescence measurements, which can be made autonomously. In the Southern Ocean, where the most limiting nutrient for phytoplankton is iron, we found a relationship between iron limitation and the depression of fluorescence under high light, the so-called non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence.
Alysia E. Herr, Ronald P. Kiene, John W. H. Dacey, and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 16, 1729–1754, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1729-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1729-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is an essential component of the global sulfur cycle and a major source of climate-influencing aerosols. We examine the drivers of DMS concentration gradients along the British Columbia shelf by comparing DMS measurements to environmental variables and biological rates. We further combine new and existing data sets to provide a new summertime DMS climatology for the northeast subarctic Pacific. Our results highlight the importance of phytoplankton taxonomy to DMS cycling.
Nina Schuback and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 16, 1381–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1381-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1381-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the dynamics of primary productivity requires mechanistic insight into the coupling of light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in response to environmental variability. Measuring such rates over diurnal timescales in contrasting regions allowed us to gain information on the regulation of photosynthetic efficiencies, with implications for the interpretation of bio-optical data, and the parameterization of models needed to monitor productivity over large scales.
Rachel M. Horwitz, Alex E. Hay, William J. Burt, Richard A. Cheel, Joseph Salisbury, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 16, 605–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency CO2 measurements are used to quantify the daily and tidal cycles of dissolved carbon in the Bay of Fundy – home to the world's largest tides. The oscillating tidal flows drive a net carbon transport, and these results suggest that previously unaccounted for tidal variation could substantially modulate the coastal ocean's response to global ocean acidification. Evaluating the impact of rising atmospheric CO2 on coastal systems requires understanding this short-term variability.
Samuel T. Wilson, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Jonathan Barnes, Alberto V. Borges, Ian Brown, John L. Bullister, Macarena Burgos, David W. Capelle, Michael Casso, Mercedes de la Paz, Laura Farías, Lindsay Fenwick, Sara Ferrón, Gerardo Garcia, Michael Glockzin, David M. Karl, Annette Kock, Sarah Laperriere, Cliff S. Law, Cara C. Manning, Andrew Marriner, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, John W. Pohlman, Andrew P. Rees, Alyson E. Santoro, Philippe D. Tortell, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, David P. Wisegarver, Gui-Ling Zhang, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 15, 5891–5907, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To determine the variability between independent measurements of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide, seawater samples were analyzed by multiple laboratories. The results revealed the influences of the different parts of the analytical process, from the initial sample collection to the calculation of the final concentrations. Recommendations are made to improve dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements to help preclude future analytical discrepancies between laboratories.
Tereza Jarníková, John Dacey, Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, and Philippe Tortell
Biogeosciences, 15, 2449–2465, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents some of the first high-resolution measurements of a biologically-produced climate-active sulfur gas (dimethylsulfide – DMS) ever made in the Canadian Arctic, taken using two novel high-resolution sampling techniques aboard an icebreaker in the summer of 2015. We show increased concentrations of DMS and its precursors in frontal zones and areas of high sea ice accumulation. Our results provide a snapshot of climate-active gas dynamics in a rapidly changing Arctic.
Jonathan Lemay, Helmuth Thomas, Susanne E. Craig, William J. Burt, Katja Fennel, and Blair J. W. Greenan
Biogeosciences, 15, 2111–2123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report a detailed mechanistic investigation of the impact of Hurricane Arthur on the CO2 cycling on the Scotian Shelf. We can show that in contrast to common thinking, the deepening of the surface during the summer months can lead to increased CO2 uptake as carbon-poor waters from subsurface water are brought up to the surface. Only during prolonged storm events is the deepening of the mixed layer strong enough to bring the (expected) carbon-rich water to the surface.
Rachel Hussherr, Maurice Levasseur, Martine Lizotte, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jacoba Mol, Helmuth Thomas, Michel Gosselin, Michel Starr, Lisa A. Miller, Tereza Jarniková, Nina Schuback, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 14, 2407–2427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the impact of ocean acidification on phytoplankton and its synthesis of the climate-active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS), as well as its modulation, by two contrasting light regimes in the Arctic. The light regimes tested had no significant impact on either the phytoplankton or DMS concentration, whereas both variables decreased linearly with the decrease in pH. Thus, a rapid decrease in surface water pH could alter the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production in the Arctic.
S. Z. Rosengard, P. J. Lam, W. M. Balch, M. E. Auro, S. Pike, D. Drapeau, and B. Bowler
Biogeosciences, 12, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) into the deep ocean is an important atmospheric carbon dioxide sink. Observations from the Southern Ocean Great Calcite Belt region show that the relationship between POC and biogenic mineral fluxes varies with depth, between the surface and 1000m below. The results suggest that the transfer of POC into the deep ocean is more closely related to phytoplankton community structure than to mineral composition alone.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
Estimates of carbon sequestration potential in an expanding Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Svalbard) affected by dark plumes of glacial meltwater
An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds
Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area
Variable contribution of wastewater treatment plant effluents to downstream nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions
Distribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic equatorial estuary: the Johor River and the East Johor Strait
Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Quantification and mitigation of bottom-trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Multi-model comparison of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the northwest European continental shelf under climate change
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth System Model
The Northeast Greenland shelf as a late-summer CO2 source to the atmosphere
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred from δ13C and δ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Influence of manganese cycling on alkalinity in the redox stratified water column of Chesapeake Bay
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Drivers of particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system
Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
High metabolism and periodic hypoxia associated with drifting macrophyte detritus in the shallow subtidal Baltic Sea
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Contrasts in dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf
Sediment quality assessment in an industrialized Greek coastal marine area (western Saronikos Gulf)
Limits and CO2 equilibration of near-coast alkalinity enhancement
Role of phosphorus in the seasonal deoxygenation of the East China Sea shelf
Interannual variability of the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period in two French coastal ecosystems
Spatio-temporal distribution, photoreactivity and environmental control of dissolved organic matter in the sea-surface microlayer of the eastern marginal seas of China
Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage
Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3665–3676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CO2 removal method, but its environmental effects are insufficiently understood. The OAE Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) provides funding for a standardized and globally replicated microcosm experiment to study the effects of OAE on plankton communities. Here, we provide a detailed manual for the OAEPIIP experiment. We expect OAEPIIP to help build scientific consensus on the effects of OAE on plankton.
Marlena Szeligowska, Déborah Benkort, Anna Przyborska, Mateusz Moskalik, Bernabé Moreno, Emilia Trudnowska, and Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Biogeosciences, 21, 3617–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The European Arctic is experiencing rapid regional warming, causing glaciers that terminate in the sea to retreat onto land. Due to this process, the area of a well-studied fjord, Hornsund, has increased by around 100 km2 (40%) since 1976. Combining satellite and in situ data with a mathematical model, we estimated that, despite some negative consequences of glacial meltwater release, such emerging coastal waters could mitigate climate change by increasing carbon uptake and storage by sediments.
Mallory C. Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon, Brendan R. Carter, and Matthew D. Eisaman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3551–3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to store atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate. We monitored CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH to establish operational boundaries for carbon removal experiments. Results show that CO2 equilibration occurred on the order of weeks to months, was consistent with values expected from equilibration calculations, and was limited by mineral precipitation at high pH and CaCO3 saturation.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 21, 3425–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. Dissolved NO was supersaturated in the Elbe Estuary, indicating that it is a source of atmospheric NO. The observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification.
Weiyi Tang, Jeff Talbott, Timothy Jones, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 21, 3239–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of WWTPs on the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O in downstream aquatic environments is less constrained. We found spatially and temporally variable but overall higher N2O concentrations and fluxes in waters downstream of WWTPs, pointing to the need for efficient N2O removal in addition to the treatment of nitrogen in WWTPs.
Amanda Y. L. Cheong, Kogila Vani Annammala, Ee Ling Yong, Yongli Zhou, Robert S. Nichols, and Patrick Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 2955–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and dissolved organic matter for 1 year in a eutrophic tropical estuary to understand their sources and cycling. Our data show that the dissolved organic matter originates partly from land and partly from microbial processes in the water. Internal recycling is likely important for maintaining high nutrient concentrations, and we found that there is often excess nitrogen compared to silicon and phosphorus. Our data help to explain how eutrophication persists in this system.
Aaron Ferderer, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Kirralee G. Baker, Zanna Chase, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising method of atmospheric carbon removal; however, its ecological impacts remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on diatom silicification. We found that increased silicate concentrations from silicate-based OAE increased diatom silicification. In contrast, the enhancement of alkalinity had no effect on community silicification and minimal effects on the silicification of different genera.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 2705–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called ocean alkalinization enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
Biogeosciences, 21, 2547–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2335–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
Biogeosciences, 21, 2143–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows that, under a high-emission scenario, oxygen concentration in deep water of parts of the North Sea and Celtic Sea can become critically low (hypoxia) towards the end of this century. The extent and frequency of hypoxia depends on the intensity of climate change projected by different climate models. This is the result of a complex combination of factors like warming, increase in stratification, changes in the currents and changes in biological processes.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences, 21, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation, as found in coastal upwelling off Chile. We have identified the crucial role of picoplankton (> 3 µm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (trimethylamine and methylphosphonic acid) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding CH4 emission estimates.
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Miriam Tivig, David Peter Keller, and Andreas Oschlies
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-258, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-258, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biological production is highly dependent on the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Rivers are the main source of phosphorus to the oceans but poorly represented in global model oceans. We include dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus from river export in a global model ocean and find that the addition of riverine phosphorus affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Globally, riverine phosphorus input increase primary production rates.
Esdoorn Willcox, Marcos Lemes, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Johnna Michelle Holding, and Søren Rysgaard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-6, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For this work we measured the chemistry of seawater from bottles obtained from different depths, lon- and latitudes off the east coast of the Northeast Greenland national park to determine what is influencing concentrations of dissolved CO2. Historically, the region has always been thought to take up CO2 from the atmosphere but we show that it is possible for the region to become a source in late summer and discuss what variables may be related to such changes.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, George W. Luther, Emily R. Estes, Jennifer Necker, Bradley M. Tebo, Jianzhong Su, and Wei-Jun Cai
Biogeosciences, 20, 3053–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The intensity of the oceanic trap of CO2 released by anthropogenic activities depends on the alkalinity brought by continental weathering. Between ocean and continent, coastal water and estuaries can limit or favour the alkalinity transfer. This study investigate new interactions between dissolved metals and alkalinity in the oxygen-depleted zone of estuaries.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Moritz Baumann, Allanah Joy Paul, Jan Taucher, Lennart Thomas Bach, Silvan Goldenberg, Paul Stange, Fabrizio Minutolo, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 2595–2612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking velocity of marine particles affects how much atmospheric CO2 is stored inside our oceans. We measured particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system and assessed their physical and biochemical drivers. We found that sinking velocity was mainly influenced by particle size and porosity, while ballasting minerals played only a minor role. Our findings help us to better understand the particle sinking dynamics in this highly productive marine system.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Karl M. Attard, Anna Lyssenko, and Iván F. Rodil
Biogeosciences, 20, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic plants produce a large amount of organic matter through photosynthesis that, following erosion, is deposited on the seafloor. In this study, we show that plant detritus can trigger low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in shallow coastal waters, making conditions challenging for most marine animals. We propose that the occurrence of hypoxia may be underestimated because measurements typically do not consider the region closest to the seafloor, where detritus accumulates.
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Georgia Filippi, Manos Dassenakis, Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou, and Konstantinos Lazogiannis
Biogeosciences, 20, 163–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The pollution of the western Saronikos Gulf from heavy metals has been examined through the study of marine sediment cores. It is a deep gulf (maximum depth 440 m) near Athens affected by industrial and volcanic activity. Eight cores were received from various stations and depths and analysed for their heavy metal content and geochemical characteristics. The results were evaluated by using statistical methods, environmental indicators and comparisons with old data.
Jing He and Michael D. Tyka
Biogeosciences, 20, 27–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has gained interest as a scalable way to address the urgent need for negative CO2 emissions. In this paper we examine the capacity of different coastlines to tolerate alkalinity enhancement and the time scale of CO2 uptake following the addition of a given quantity of alkalinity. The results suggest that OAE has significant potential and identify specific favorable and unfavorable coastlines for its deployment.
Arnaud Laurent, Haiyan Zhang, and Katja Fennel
Biogeosciences, 19, 5893–5910, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Changjiang is the main terrestrial source of nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS). Nutrient delivery to the ECS has been increasing since the 1960s, resulting in low oxygen (hypoxia) during phytoplankton decomposition in summer. River phosphorus (P) has increased less than nitrogen, and therefore, despite the large nutrient delivery, phytoplankton growth can be limited by the lack of P. Here, we investigate this link between P limitation, phytoplankton production/decomposition, and hypoxia.
Coline Poppeschi, Guillaume Charria, Anne Daniel, Romaric Verney, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Michaël Retho, Eric Goberville, Emilie Grossteffan, and Martin Plus
Biogeosciences, 19, 5667–5687, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to understand interannual changes in the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period (IPGP) in the current context of global climate changes over the last 20 years. An important variability in the timing of the IPGP is observed with a trend towards a later IPGP during this last decade. The role and the impact of extreme events (cold spells, floods, and wind burst) on the IPGP is also detailed.
Lin Yang, Jing Zhang, Anja Engel, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5251–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enrichment factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the eastern marginal seas of China exhibited a significant spatio-temporal variation. Photochemical and enrichment processes co-regulated DOM enrichment in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Autochthonous DOM was more frequently enriched in the SML than terrestrial DOM. DOM in the sub-surface water exhibited higher aromaticity than that in the SML.
Mona Norbisrath, Johannes Pätsch, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Gesa Schulz, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 19, 5151–5165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Total alkalinity (TA) regulates the oceanic storage capacity of atmospheric CO2. TA is also metabolically generated in estuaries and influences coastal carbon storage through its inflows. We used water samples and identified the Hamburg port area as the one with highest TA generation. Of the overall riverine TA load, 14 % is generated within the estuary. Using a biogeochemical model, we estimated potential effects on the coastal carbon storage under possible anthropogenic and climate changes.
Cited articles
Alkire, M. B., D'Asaro, E., Lee, C., Jane Perry, M., Gray, A., Cetinić,
I., Briggs, N., Rehm, E., Kallin, E., Kaiser, J., and González-Posada,
A.: Estimates of net community production and export using high-resolution,
Lagrangian measurements of O2,
Anderson, L. A. and Sarmiento, J. L.: Redfield ratios of remineralization
determined by nutrient data analysis, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 8,
65–80, 1994.
Barnes, M. and Antoine, D.: Proxies of community production derived from
the diel variability of particulate attenuation and backscattering
coefficients in the northwest Mediterranean Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59,
2133–2149, 2014.
Behrenfeld, M. J., Boss, E., Siegel, D. A., and Shea, D. M.: Carbon-based
ocean productivity and phytoplankton physiology from space, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB1006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002299, 2005.
Bif, M. B. and Hansell, D. A.: Seasonality of dissolved organic carbon in
the upper Northeast Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 33, 526–539, 2019.
Bif, M. B., Hansell, D. A., and Popendorf, K. J.: Controls on the fate of
dissolved organic carbon under contrasting upwelling conditions, Front. Mar.
Sci., 5, 463, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00463, 2018.
Boss, E., Twardowski, M. S., and Herring, S.: Shape of the particulate beam
attenuation spectrum and its inversion to obtain the shape of the
particulate size distribution, Appl. Optics, 40, 4885–4893, 2001.
Briggs, N., Guðmundsson, K., Cetinić, I., D'Asaro, E., Rehm, E., Lee, C., and Perry, M. J.: A multi-method autonomous assessment of primary productivity and export efficiency in the springtime North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 15, 4515–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4515-2018, 2018.
Briggs, N. T., Slade, W. H., Boss, E., and Perry, M. J.: Method for
estimating mean particle size from high-frequency fluctuations in beam
attenuation or scattering measurements, Appl. Optics, 52, 6710–6725,
2013.
Brunet, C. and Lizon, F.: Tidal and diel periodicities of size-fractionated
phytoplankton pigment signatures at an offshore station in the southeastern
English Channel, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 56, 833–843, 2003.
Brzezinski, M., Villareal, T., and Lipschultz, F.: Silica production and the
contribution of diatoms to new and primary production in the central North
Pacific, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 167, 89–104, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps167089, 1998.
Brzezinski, M. A.: The Si : C : N ratio of marine diatoms: Interspecific
variability and the effect of some environmental variables, J. Phycol.,
21, 347–357, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1985.00347.x, 2004.
Brzezinski, M. A., Krause, J. W., Bundy, R. M., Barbeau, K. A., Franks, P.,
Goericke, R., Landry, M. R., and Stukel, M. R.: Enhanced silica ballasting
from iron stress sustains carbon export in a frontal zone within the
California Current, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 4654–4669, 2015.
Buesseler, K. O.: The decoupling of production and particulate export in the
surface ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 12, 297–310, 1998.
Buesseler, K. O., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Moran, S. B., Burd, A., Charette,
M., Cochran, J. K., Coppola, L., Fisher, N. S., Fowler, S. W., and Gardner,
W. D.: An assessment of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 ratios in
the ocean and their impact on the application of 234Th as a POC flux proxy,
Mar. Chem., 100, 213–233, 2006.
Burt, W. J. and Tortell, P. D.: Observations of Zooplankton Diel Vertical
Migration From High-Resolution Surface Ocean Optical Measurements, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 45, 13396–13404, 2018.
Burt, W. J., Westberry, T. K., Behrenfeld, M. J., Zeng, C., Izett, R. W., and
Tortell, P. D.: Carbon: Chlorophyll Ratios and Net Primary Productivity of
Subarctic Pacific Surface Waters Derived From Autonomous Shipboard Sensors,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 267–288, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005783, 2018.
Capelle, D. W., Dacey, J. W., and Tortell, P. D.: An automated, high
through-put method for accurate and precise measurements of dissolved
nitrous-oxide and methane concentrations in natural waters, Limnol.
Oceanogr.-Meth., 13, 345–355, 2015.
Cassar, N., Barnett, B. A., Bender, M. L., Kaiser, J., Hamme, R. C., and
Tilbrook, B.: Continuous high-frequency dissolved O2∕Ar measurements by
equilibrator inlet mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 81, 1855–1864, 2009.
Cassar, N., Nevison, C. D., and Manizza, M.: Correcting oceanic O2∕Ar-net
community production estimates for vertical mixing using N2O observations,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8961–8970, 2014.
Church, M. J., Ducklow, H. W., and Karl, D. M.: Light dependence of [3H]
leucine incorporation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 70, 4079–4087, 2004.
Claustre, H., Morel, A., Babin, M., Cailliau, C., Marie, D., Marty, J.,
Tailliez, D., and Vaulot, D.: Variability in particle attenuation and
chlorophyll fluorescence in the tropical Pacific: Scales, patterns, and
biogeochemical implications, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 104, 3401–3422,
1999.
Claustre, H., Huot, Y., Obernosterer, I., Gentili, B., Tailliez, D., and Lewis, M.: Gross community production and metabolic balance in the South Pacific Gyre, using a non intrusive bio-optical method, Biogeosciences, 5, 463–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-463-2008, 2008.
Cloern, J. E., Grenz, C., and Vidergar-Lucas, L.: An empirical model of the
phytoplankton chlorophyll: carbon ratio-the conversion factor between
productivity and growth rate, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 1313–1321, 1995.
Dagg, M. J., Vidal, J., Whitledge, T. E., Iverson, R. L., and Goering, J. J.:
The feeding, respiration, and excretion of zooplankton in the Bering Sea
during a spring bloom, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 29,
45–63, 1982.
Dall'Olmo, G., Boss, E., Behrenfeld, M. J., Westberry, T. K., Courties, C., Prieur, L., Pujo-Pay, M., Hardman-Mountford, N., and Moutin, T.: Inferring phytoplankton carbon and eco-physiological rates from diel cycles of spectral particulate beam-attenuation coefficient, Biogeosciences, 8, 3423–3439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3423-2011, 2011.
Daneri, G., Lizárraga, L., Montero, P., González, H. E., and Tapia,
F. J.: Wind forcing and short-term variability of phytoplankton and
heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the coastal zone of the Concepción
upwelling system (Central Chile), Prog. Oceanogr., 92, 92–96, 2012.
de Boyer Montégut, C., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., Lazar, A., and
Iudicone, D.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of
profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109,
C12003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004.
Del Vecchio, R. and Blough, N. V.: Spatial and seasonal distribution of
chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the
Middle Atlantic Bight, Mar. Chem., 89, 169–187, 2004.
Dickey, T. D. and Chang, G. C.: Recent advances and future visions: temporal
variability of optical and bio-optical properties of the ocean, Oceanogr.
DC-Oceanography Soc., 14, 15–29, 2002.
Dugenne, M., Thyssen, M., Nerini, D., Mante, C., Poggiale, J.-C., Garcia,
N., Garcia, F., and Grégori, G. J.: Consequence of a sudden wind event on
the dynamics of a coastal phytoplankton community: an insight into specific
population growth rates using a single cell high frequency approach, Front.
Microbiol., 5, 485, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00485, 2014.
Durand, M. D. and Olson, R. J.: Diel patterns in optical properties of the
chlorophyte Nannochloris sp.: Relating individual-cell to bulk
measurements, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 1107–1118, 1998.
Fernández-Urruzola, I., Osma, N., Packard, T. T., Gómez, M., and
Postel, L.: Distribution of zooplankton biomass and potential metabolic
activities across the northern Benguela upwelling system, J. Marine
Syst., 140, 138–149, 2014.
Ferrón, S., Wilson, S. T., Martínez-García, S., Quay, P. D.,
and Karl, D. M.: Metabolic balance in the mixed layer of the oligotrophic
North Pacific Ocean from diel changes in O2∕Ar saturation ratios, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 42, 3421–3430, 2015.
Fogg, G. E. and Calvario-Martinez, O.: Effects of bottle size in
determinations of primary productivity by phytoplankton, Hydrobiologia,
173, 89–94, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015518, 1989.
Fowler, S. W. and Knauer, G. A.: Role of large particles in the transport of
elements and organic compounds through the oceanic water column, Prog.
Oceanogr., 16, 147–194, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(86)90032-7, 1986.
Fuhrman, J. A., Eppley, R. W., Hagström, Å., and Azam, F.: Diel
variations in bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and related parameters in the
Southern California Bight, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 27, 9–20, 1985.
Garcia, H. E. and Gordon, L. I.: Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better
fitting equations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 1307–1312, 1992.
Gardner, W. D., Walsh, I. D., and Richardson, M. J.: Biophysical forcing of
particle production and distribution during a spring bloom in the North
Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 171–195,
1993.
Gardner, W. D., Gundersen, J. S., Richardson, M. J., and Walsh, I. D.: The role of seasonal and diel changes in mixed-layer depth on carbon and chlorophyll distributions in the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 46, 1833–1858, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00046-6, 1999.
Geider, R. J., Maclntyre, H. L., and Kana, T. M.: A dynamic regulatory model
of phytoplanktonic acclimation to light, nutrients, and temperature, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 43, 679–694, 1998.
Gernez, P., Antoine, D., and Huot, Y.: Diel cycles of the particulate beam
attenuation coefficient under varying trophic conditions in the northwestern
Mediterranean Sea: Observations and modeling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56,
17–36, 2011.
Gieskes, W. W. C., Kraay, G. W., and Baars, M. A.: Current 14C methods for
measuring primary production: Gross underestimates in oceanic waters,
Neth. J. Sea Res., 13, 58–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(79)90033-4,
1979.
Graff, J. R., Westberry, T. K., Milligan, A. J., Brown, M. B., Dall'Olmo,
G., van Dongen-Vogels, V., Reifel, K. M., and Behrenfeld, M. J.: Analytical
phytoplankton carbon measurements spanning diverse ecosystems, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. I, 102, 16–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSR.2015.04.006,
2015.
Graff, J. R., Westberry, T. K., Milligan, A. J., Brown, M. B., Olmo, G. D.,
Reifel, K. M., and Behrenfeld, M. J.: Photoacclimation of natural
phytoplankton communities, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 542, 51–62, 2016.
Grunert, B. K., Mouw, C. B., and Ciochetto, A. B.: Characterizing CDOM
spectral variability across diverse regions and spectral ranges, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 57–77, 2018.
Guidi, L., Jackson, G. A., Stemmann, L., Carlos Miquel, J., Picheral, M., and
Gorsky, G.: Relationship between particle size
distribution and flux in the mesopelagic zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 55, 1364–1374,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.05.014, 2008.
Guidi, L., Stemmann, L., Jackson, G. A., Ibanez, F., Claustre, H., Legendre,
L., Picheral, M., and Gorskya, G.: Effects of phytoplankton community on
production, size, and export of large aggregates: A world-ocean analysis,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 1951–1963, 2009.
Hamme, R. C., Cassar, N., Lance, V. P., Vaillancourt, R. D., Bender, M. L.,
Strutton, P. G., Moore, T. S., DeGrandpre, M. D., Sabine, C. L., and Ho, D.
T.: Dissolved O2∕Ar and other methods reveal rapid changes in productivity
during a Lagrangian experiment in the Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C00F12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007046, 2012.
Hansell, D. A. and Carlson, C. A.: Net community production of dissolved
organic carbon, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 12, 443–453, 1998.
Hedges, J. I., Baldock, J. A., Gélinas, Y., Lee, C., Peterson, M. L.,
and Wakeham, S. G.: The biochemical and elemental compositions of marine
plankton: A NMR perspective, Mar. Chem., 78, 47–63, 2002.
Henson, S. A., Sanders, R., and Madsen, E.: Global patterns in efficiency of
particulate organic carbon export and transfer to the deep ocean, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB1028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004099, 2012.
Hickey, B. M., Pietrafesa, L. J., Jay, D. A., and Boicourt, W. C.: The
Columbia River plume study: Subtidal variability in the velocity and
salinity fields, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 103, 10339–10368, 1998.
Hirata, T., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Brewin, R. J. W., Aiken, J., Barlow, R., Suzuki, K., Isada, T., Howell, E., Hashioka, T., Noguchi-Aita, M., and Yamanaka, Y.: Synoptic relationships between surface Chlorophyll-a and diagnostic pigments specific to phytoplankton functional types, Biogeosciences, 8, 311–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-311-2011, 2011.
Hopkinson, B. M. and Barbeau, K. A.: Organic and redox speciation of iron in
the eastern tropical North Pacific suboxic zone, Mar. Chem., 106, 2–17,
2007.
Hoppe, C. J. M., Schuback, N., Semeniuk, D. M., Maldonado, M. T., and Rost,
B.: Functional Redundancy Facilitates Resilience of Subarctic Phytoplankton
Assemblages toward Ocean Acidification and High Irradiance, Front. Mar.
Sci., 4, 229, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00229, 2017.
Izett, R. W., Manning, C. C., Hamme, R. C., and Tortell, P. D.: Refined
estimates of net community production in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific
derived from ΔO2∕Ar measurements with N2O-based corrections for
vertical mixing, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 326–350, 2018.
Jin, X., Najjar, R. G., Louanchi, F., and Doney, S. C.: A modeling study of
the seasonal oxygen budget of the global ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
112, C05017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003731, 2007.
Kaiser, J., Reuer, M. K., Barnett, B., and Bender, M. L.: Marine productivity
estimates from continuous O2∕Ar ratio measurements by membrane inlet mass
spectrometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023459, 2005.
Karl, D. M., Hebel, D. V., Björkman, K., and Letelier, R. M.: The role
of dissolved organic matter release in the productivity of the oligotrophic
North Pacific Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 1270–1286, 1998.
Keeling, R. F. and Shertz, S. R.: Seasonal and interannual variations in
atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle, Nature,
358, 723–727, 1992.
Kheireddine, M. and Antoine, D.: Diel variability of the beam attenuation
and backscattering coefficients in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
(BOUSSOLE site), J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 5465–5482, 2014.
Kinkade, C. S., Marra, J., Dickey, T. D., Langdon, C., Sigurdson, D. E., and
Weller, R.: Diel bio-optical variability observed from moored sensors in the
Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 46,
1813–1831, 1999.
Kostadinov, T. S., Siegel, D. A., and Maritorena, S.: Retrieval of the
particle size distribution from satellite ocean color observations, J.
Geophys. Res., 114, C09015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005303, 2009.
Kuipers, B., van Noort, G. J., Vosjan, J., and Herndl, G. J.: Diel
periodicity of bacterioplankton in the euphotic zone of the subtropical
Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 201, 13–25, 2000.
Laws, E. A.: Photosynthetic quotients, new production and net community
production in the open ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A,
38, 143–167, 1991.
Lide, D. R.: Physical and optical properties of minerals, CRC Handb. Chem.
Phys., 77, 4–130, 1997.
Lochte, K., Ducklow, H. W., Fasham, M. J. R., and Stienen, C.: Plankton
succession and carbon cycling at 47∘ N 20∘ W during the JGOFS North Atlantic
Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 40,
91–114, 1993.
Loisel, H., Nicolas, J.-M., Sciandra, A., Stramski, D., and Poteau, A.:
Spectral dependency of optical backscattering by marine particles from
satellite remote sensing of the global ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 111,
C09024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003367, 2006.
Lønborg, C., Martínez-García, S., Teira, E., and
Álvarez-Salgado, X. A.: Bacterial carbon demand and growth efficiency in
a coastal upwelling system, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 63, 183–191, 2011.
MacIntyre, H. L., Kana, T. M., Anning, T., and Geider, R. J.:
Photoacclimation of irradiance response curves and photosynthetic pigments
in microalgae and cyanobacteria, J. Phycol., 38, 17–38,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.00094.x, 2002.
Manning, C. C., Stanley, R. H. R., Nicholson, D. P., Smith, J. M.,
Pennington, J. T., Fewings, M. R., Squibb, M. E., and Chavez, F. P.: Impact
of recently upwelled water on productivity investigated using in situ and
incubation-based methods in Monterey Bay, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122,
1901–1926, 2017.
Marra, J.: Approaches to the measurement of plankton production,
Phytoplankt, Product. Carbon Assim. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 78–108, 2002.
Marra, J.: Net and gross productivity: weighing in with 14C, Aquat. Microb.
Ecol., 56, 123–131, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01306, 2009.
Morel, A., Huot, Y., Gentili, B., Werdell, P. J., Hooker, S. B., and Franz,
B. A.: Examining the consistency of products derived from various ocean
color sensors in open ocean (Case 1) waters in the perspective of a
multi-sensor approach, Remote Sens. Environ., 111, 69–88, 2007.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P.: A modified single solution method for the
determination of phosphate in natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 27, 31–36,
1962.
Needham, D. M. and Fuhrman, J. A.: Pronounced daily succession of
phytoplankton, archaea and bacteria following a spring bloom, Nat.
Microbiol., 1, 16005, https://doi.org/10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.5, 2016.
Nicholson, D. P., Wilson, S. T., Doney, S. C., and Karl, D. M.: Quantifying
subtropical North Pacific gyre mixed layer primary productivity from
Seaglider observations of diel oxygen cycles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
4032–4039, 2015.
Oubelkheir, K. and Sciandra, A.: Diel variations in particle stocks in the
oligotrophic waters of the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean), J. Marine
Syst., 74, 364–371, 2008.
Quay, P. D., Peacock, C., Björkman, K., and Karl, D. M., Measuring primary production rates in the ocean: Enigmatic results between incubation and non‐incubation methods at Station ALOHA, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, 3143, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001195, 2010.
Raymond, P. A., Zappa, C. J., Butman, D., Bott, T. L., Potter, J.,
Mulholland, P., Laursen, A. E., McDowell, W. H., and Newbold, D.: Scaling the
gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers,
Limnol. Oceanogr. Fluids Environ., 2, 41–53, 2012.
Reuer, M. K., Barnett, B. A., Bender, M. L., Falkowski, P. G., and Hendricks,
M. B.: New estimates of Southern Ocean biological production rates from
O2∕Ar ratios and the triple isotope composition of O2, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 54, 951–974, 2007.
Ribalet, F., Swalwell, J., Clayton, S., Jiménez, V., Sudek, S., Lin, Y.,
Johnson, Z. I., Worden, A. Z., and Armbrust, E. V.: Light-driven synchrony of
Prochlorococcus growth and mortality in the subtropical Pacific gyre, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 8008–8012, 2015.
Riley, J. P.: Methods of seawater analysis, edited by: Grasshoff, K.,
xv + 317, 43–60, Chemie, Weinheim and New York, 1977.
Robinson, C. and Williams, P. J. L. B.: Plankton net community production
and dark respiration in the Arabian Sea during September 1994, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. II, 46, 745–765, 1999.
Robinson, C., Archer, S. D., and Williams, P. J. L. B.: Microbial dynamics
in coastal waters of East Antarctica: plankton production and
respiration, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 180, 23–36, 1999.
Robinson, C., Serret, P., Tilstone, G., Teira, E., Zubkov, M. V., Rees, A.
P., and Woodward, E. M. S.: Plankton respiration in the eastern Atlantic
Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49, 787–813, 2002.
Roesler, C. S. and Barnard, A. H.: Optical proxy for phytoplankton biomass
in the absence of photophysiology: Rethinking the absorption line height,
Methods Oceanogr., 7, 79–94, 2013.
Rosengard, S. Z., Izett, R. W., Burt, W. J., Schuback, N., and Tortell, P. D.: rosengard-tortell-oc2017, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3269887, 2019.
Savoye, N., Benitez-Nelson, C., Burd, A. B., Cochran, J. K., Charette, M.,
Buesseler, K. O., Jackson, G. A., Roy-Barman, M., Schmidt, S., and Elskens,
M.: 234Th sorption and export models in the water column: a review, Mar.
Chem., 100, 234–249, 2006.
Schuback, N. and Tortell, P. D.: Diurnal regulation of photosynthetic light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in two contrasting oceanic environments, Biogeosciences, 16, 1381–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1381-2019, 2019.
Schuback, N., Flecken, M., Maldonado, M. T., and Tortell, P. D.: Diurnal variation in the coupling of photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation in iron-limited phytoplankton in the NE subarctic Pacific, Biogeosciences, 13, 1019–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1019-2016, 2016.
Siegel, D. A., Dickey, T. D., Washburn, L., Hamilton, M. K., and Mitchell, B.
G.: Optical determination of particulate abundance and production variations
in the oligotrophic ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 36,
211–222, 1989.
Stanley, R. H. R., Kirkpatrick, J. B., Cassar, N., Barnett, B. A., and
Bender, M. L.: Net community production and gross primary production rates
in the western equatorial Pacific, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB4001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003651, 2010.
Stramska, M. and Dickey, T. D.: Short-term variations of the bio-optical
properties of the ocean in response to cloud-induced irradiance
fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 97, 5713–5721, 1992.
Stramska, M. and Dickey, T. D.: Modeling phytoplankton dynamics in the
northeast Atlantic during the initiation of the spring bloom, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 99, 10241–10253, 1994.
Stramska, M., Stramski, D., Hapter, R., Kaczmarek, S., and
Stoń, J. S.: Bio-optical relationships and ocean color
algorithms for the north polar region of the Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res.,
108, 3143, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001195, 2003.
Stramski, D. and Kiefer, D. A.: Light scattering by microorganisms in the
open ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 28, 343–383,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90032-H, 1991.
Stramski, D. and Reynolds, R. A.: Diel variations in the optical properties
of a marine diatom, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1347–1364, 1993.
Stukel, M. R., Aluwihare, L. I., Barbeau, K. A., Chekalyuk, A. M., Goericke,
R., Miller, A. J., Ohman, M. D., Ruacho, A., Song, H., and Stephens, B. M.:
Mesoscale ocean fronts enhance carbon export due to gravitational sinking
and subduction, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 1252–1257, 2017.
Sullivan, J. M., Twardowski, M. S., Donaghay, P. L., and Freeman, S. A.: Use
of optical scattering to discriminate particle types in coastal waters,
Appl. Optics, 44, 1667, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.001667, 2005.
Thomas, A. C. and Weatherbee, R. A.: Satellite-measured temporal variability
of the Columbia River plume, Remote Sens. Environ., 100, 167–178,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSE.2005.10.018, 2006.
Thomson, R. E. and Fine, I. V.: Estimating Mixed Layer Depth from Oceanic
Profile Data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 20, 319–329,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0319:EMLDFO>2.0.CO;2,
2003.
Thyssen, M., Grégori, G. J., Grisoni, J.-M., Pedrotti, M. L., Mousseau,
L., Artigas, L. F., Marro, S., Garcia, N., Passafiume, O., and Denis, M. J.:
Onset of the spring bloom in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: influence
of environmental pulse events on the in situ hourly-scale dynamics of the
phytoplankton community structure, Front. Microbiol., 5, 387, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00387, 2014.
Tortell, P. D.: Dissolved gas measurements in oceanic waters made by
membrane inlet mass spectrometry, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 3, 24–37,
2005.
Tortell, P. D., Guéguen, C., Long, M. C., Payne, C. D., Lee, P., and
DiTullio, G. R.: Spatial variability and temporal dynamics of surface water
pCO2, ΔO2∕Ar and dimethylsulfide in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58, 241–259, 2011.
Tortell, P. D., Asher, E. C., Ducklow, H. W., Goldman, J. A. L., Dacey, J.
W. H., Grzymski, J. J., Young, J. N., Kranz, S. A., Bernard, K. S., and
Morel, F. M. M.: Metabolic balance of coastal Antarctic waters revealed by
autonomous pCO2 and ΔO2∕Ar measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
41, 6803–6810, 2014.
Turner, R. E., Qureshi, N., Rabalais, N. N., Dortch, Q., Justic, D., Shaw,
R. F., and Cope, J.: Fluctuating silicate: nitrate ratios and coastal
plankton food webs, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 13048–13051, 1998.
Twardowski, M. S., Boss, E., Macdonald, J. B., Pegau, W. S., Barnard, A. H.,
and Zaneveld, J. R. V.: A model for estimating bulk refractive index from
the optical backscattering ratio and the implications for understanding
particle composition in case I and case II waters, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
106, 14129–14142, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000404, 2001.
Waite, A. M. and Nodder, S. D.: The effect of in situ iron addition on the
sinking rates and export flux of Southern Ocean diatoms, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.
II, 48, 2635–2654, 2001.
Wanninkhof, R.: Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the
ocean revisited, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 12, 351–362, 2014.
Weiss, R. F. and Price, B. A.: Nitrous oxide solubility in water and
seawater, Mar. Chem., 8, 347–359, 1980.
Westberry, T., Behrenfeld, M. J., Siegel, D. A., and Boss, E.: Carbon-based
primary productivity modeling with vertically resolved photoacclimation,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003078, 2008.
White, A. E., Barone, B., Letelier, R. M., and Karl, D. M.: Productivity
diagnosed from the diel cycle of particulate carbon in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 3752–3760, 2017.
Wu, C.-J., Chiang, K.-P., and Liu, H.: Diel feeding pattern and prey
selection of mesozooplankton on microplankton community, J. Exp. Mar. Biol.
Ecol., 390, 134–142, 2010.
Zeng, C., Rosengard, S. Z., Burt, W., Peña, M. A., Nemcek, N., Zeng, T.,
Arrigo, K. R., and Tortell, P. D.: Optically-derived estimates of
phytoplankton size class and taxonomic group biomass in the Eastern
Subarctic Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 136,
107–118, 2018.
Short summary
Net community production sets the maximum quantity of phytoplankton carbon available for the marine food web and longer-term storage in the deep ocean. We compared two approaches to estimate this critical variable from autonomous measurements of mixed-layer dissolved oxygen and particulate organic carbon, observing a significant discrepancy between estimates in an upwelling zone near the Oregon coast. We use this discrepancy to assess the fate of organic carbon produced in the mixed layer.
Net community production sets the maximum quantity of phytoplankton carbon available for the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint