Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4965-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4965-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
13 Sep 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 13 Sep 2021
| 13 Sep 2021
Geochemical consequences of oxygen diffusion from the oceanic crust into overlying sediments and its significance for biogeochemical cycles based on sediments of the northeast Pacific
Gerard J. M. Versteegh
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, 28759, Germany
MARUM – Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
Andrea Koschinsky
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, 28759, Germany
MARUM – Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
Thomas Kuhn
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, 30655, Germany
Inken Preuss
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, 28759, Germany
present address: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany
Sabine Kasten
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
MARUM – Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
Related authors
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Jens Hefter, Oscar E. Romero, Gerhard Fischer, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1587–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 5-year record of long-chain mid-chain diol export flux and composition is presented with a 1- to 3-week resolution sediment trap CBeu (in the NW African upwelling). All environmental parameters as well as the diol composition are dominated by the seasonal cycle, albeit with different phase relations for temperature and upwelling. Most diol-based proxies are dominated by upwelling. The long-chain diol index reflects temperatures of the oligotrophic summer sea surface.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld
Biogeosciences, 17, 3545–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Anoxic sediments mostly contain much more organic matter than oxic ones, and therefore organic matter in anoxic settings is often considered to be preserved better than in oxic settings. However, through the analysis of the same fossil dinoflagellate cyst species from both oxic and anoxic settings, we show that at a molecular level the preservation in the oxic sediments may be better since in the anoxic setting the cyst macromolecule has been altered by postdepositional modification.
Susann Henkel, Bo Liu, Michael Staubwasser, Simone A. Kasemann, Anette Meixner, David Aromokeye, Michael W. Friedrich, and Sabine Kasten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1942, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1942, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We intend to unravel iron (Fe) reduction pathways in high depositional methanic sediments because pools of Fe minerals could stimulate methane oxidation, but also generation. Our data from the North Sea indicate that Fe release takes place mechanistically different to Fe reduction in shallow sediments that typically fractionates Fe isotopes. We conclude that fermentation of organic matter involving interspecies electron transfer, partly through conductive Fe oxides, could play an important role.
Daniel Müller, Bo Liu, Walter Geibert, Moritz Holtappels, Lasse Sander, Elda Miramontes, Heidi Taubner, Susann Henkel, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Denise Bethke, Ingrid Dohrmann, and Sabine Kasten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1632, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal and shelf sediments are the most important sinks for organic carbon (OC) on Earth. We produced a new high-resolution sediment and pore-water dataset from the Helgoland Mud Area (HMA), North Sea, to determine, which depositional factors control the preservation of OC. The burial efficiency is highest in an area of high sedimentation and terrigenous OC. The HMA covers 0.09 % of the North Sea, but accounts for 0.76 % of its OC accumulation, highlighting the importance of the depocentre.
Sinan Xu, Bo Liu, Sandra Arndt, Sabine Kasten, and Zijun Wu
Biogeosciences, 20, 2251–2263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a reactive continuum model based on a lognormal distribution (l-RCM) to inversely determine model parameters μ and σ at 123 sites across the global ocean. Our results show organic matter (OM) reactivity is more than 3 orders of magnitude higher in shelf than in abyssal regions. In addition, OM reactivity is higher than predicted in some specific regions, yet the l-RCM can still capture OM reactivity features in these regions.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Jens Hefter, Oscar E. Romero, Gerhard Fischer, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1587–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 5-year record of long-chain mid-chain diol export flux and composition is presented with a 1- to 3-week resolution sediment trap CBeu (in the NW African upwelling). All environmental parameters as well as the diol composition are dominated by the seasonal cycle, albeit with different phase relations for temperature and upwelling. Most diol-based proxies are dominated by upwelling. The long-chain diol index reflects temperatures of the oligotrophic summer sea surface.
Felipe S. Freitas, Philip A. Pika, Sabine Kasten, Bo B. Jørgensen, Jens Rassmann, Christophe Rabouille, Shaun Thomas, Henrik Sass, Richard D. Pancost, and Sandra Arndt
Biogeosciences, 18, 4651–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It remains challenging to fully understand what controls carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Thus, we use a model–data approach to identify patterns of organic matter reactivity at the seafloor across distinct environmental conditions. Our findings support the notion that organic matter reactivity is a dynamic ecosystem property and strongly influences biogeochemical cycling and exchange. Our results are essential to improve predictions of future changes in carbon cycling and climate.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld
Biogeosciences, 17, 3545–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Anoxic sediments mostly contain much more organic matter than oxic ones, and therefore organic matter in anoxic settings is often considered to be preserved better than in oxic settings. However, through the analysis of the same fossil dinoflagellate cyst species from both oxic and anoxic settings, we show that at a molecular level the preservation in the oxic sediments may be better since in the anoxic setting the cyst macromolecule has been altered by postdepositional modification.
Jessica B. Volz, Laura Haffert, Matthias Haeckel, Andrea Koschinsky, and Sabine Kasten
Biogeosciences, 17, 1113–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Potential future deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules at the seafloor is expected to severely harm the marine environment. However, the consequences on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly understood. This study on surface sediments from man-made disturbance tracks in the Pacific Ocean shows that due to the removal of the uppermost sediment layer and thereby the loss of organic matter, the geochemical system in the sediments is disturbed for millennia before reaching a new equilibrium.
Sophie A. L. Paul, Matthias Haeckel, Michael Bau, Rajina Bajracharya, and Andrea Koschinsky
Biogeosciences, 16, 4829–4849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the upper 10 m of deep-sea sediments, including pore water, in the Peru Basin to understand small-scale variability of trace metals. Our results show high spatial variability related to topographical variations, which in turn impact organic matter contents, degradation processes, and trace metal cycling. Another interesting finding was the influence of dissolving buried nodules on the surrounding sediment and trace metal cycling.
A. Ponnurangam, M. Bau, M. Brenner, and A. Koschinsky
Biogeosciences, 13, 751–760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-751-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-751-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our study demonstrates that rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) accumulating in mussel shells emerge as potential proxies for environmental changes. Focusing on pH and temperature variation effects on the distribution of REY in seawater, we show that shells incorporate the free REY3+ species and that decreasing pH leads to increased REY concentrations, while rising temperatures impact the REY distribution pattern with minor effects on the absolute REY concentrations in shells.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Sediment
Reviews and syntheses: Tufa microbialites on rocky coasts – towards an integrated terminology
Seafloor sediment characterization improves estimates of organic carbon standing stocks: an example from the Eastern Shore Islands, Nova Scotia, Canada
How is particulate organic carbon transported through the river-fed submarine Congo Canyon to the deep sea?
Influence of minor hydrocarbon seepage on sulfur cycling in marine subsurface sediments and its significance for hydrocarbon reservoir detection
The fate of fixed nitrogen in Santa Barbara Basin sediments during seasonal anoxia
Dissolved Mn(III) is a key redox intermediate in sediments of a seasonally euxinic coastal basin
Unexpected scarcity of ANME Archaea in hydrocarbon seeps within Monterey Bay
Distinct oxygenation modes of the Gulf of Oman over the past 43 000 years – a multi-proxy approach
Potential impacts of cable bacteria activity on hard-shelled benthic foraminifera: implications for their interpretation as bioindicators or paleoproxies
Evidence of cryptic methane cycling and non-methanogenic methylamine consumption in the sulfate-reducing zone of sediment in the Santa Barbara Basin, California
Assessing global-scale organic matter reactivity patterns in marine sediments using a lognormal reactive continuum model
Deposit-feeding of Nonionellina labradorica (foraminifera) from an Arctic methane seep site and possible association with a methanotroph
Benthic silicon cycling in the Arctic Barents Sea: a reaction–transport model study
Long-term incubations provide insight into the mechanisms of anaerobic oxidation of methane in methanogenic lake sediments
Ideas and perspectives: Sea-level change, anaerobic methane oxidation, and the glacial–interglacial phosphorus cycle
Estimation of the natural background of phosphate in a lowland river using tidal marsh sediment cores
Carbon sources of benthic fauna in temperate lakes across multiple trophic states
Deep-water inflow event increases sedimentary phosphorus release on a multi-year scale
Bioturbation has a limited effect on phosphorus burial in salt marsh sediments
Biogeochemical impact of cable bacteria on coastal Black Sea sediment
Organic carbon characteristics in ice-rich permafrost in alas and Yedoma deposits, central Yakutia, Siberia
The control of hydrogen sulfide on benthic iron and cadmium fluxes in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Quantity and distribution of methane entrapped in sediments of calcareous, Alpine glacier forefields
Assessing the potential for non-turbulent methane escape from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake
Evidence of changes in sedimentation rate and sediment fabric in a low-oxygen setting: Santa Monica Basin, CA
Authigenic formation of Ca–Mg carbonates in the shallow alkaline Lake Neusiedl, Austria
Vivianite formation in ferruginous sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia
Impact of ambient conditions on the Si isotope fractionation in marine pore fluids during early diagenesis
Impact of small-scale disturbances on geochemical conditions, biogeochemical processes and element fluxes in surface sediments of the eastern Clarion–Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
Acetate turnover and methanogenic pathways in Amazonian lake sediments
Benthic alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in the Rhône River prodelta generated by decoupled aerobic and anaerobic processes
Small-scale heterogeneity of trace metals including rare earth elements and yttrium in deep-sea sediments and porewaters of the Peru Basin, southeastern equatorial Pacific
Organic matter contents and degradation in a highly trawled area during fresh particle inputs (Gulf of Castellammare, southwestern Mediterranean)
Identifying the core bacterial microbiome of hydrocarbon degradation and a shift of dominant methanogenesis pathways in the oil and aqueous phases of petroleum reservoirs of different temperatures from China
Effects of eutrophication on sedimentary organic carbon cycling in five temperate lakes
Evidence for microbial iron reduction in the methanic sediments of the oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean continental shelf
Fracture-controlled fluid transport supports microbial methane-oxidizing communities at Vestnesa Ridge
Hydrothermal alteration of aragonitic biocarbonates: assessment of micro- and nanostructural dissolution–reprecipitation and constraints of diagenetic overprint from quantitative statistical grain-area analysis
Large variations in iron input to an oligotrophic Baltic Sea estuary: impact on sedimentary phosphorus burial
Vivianite formation in methane-rich deep-sea sediments from the South China Sea
Benthic archaea as potential sources of tetraether membrane lipids in sediments across an oxygen minimum zone
Carbon amendment stimulates benthic nitrogen cycling during the bioremediation of particulate aquaculture waste
Modelling biogeochemical processes in sediments from the north-western Adriatic Sea: response to enhanced particulate organic carbon fluxes
Carbon mineralization in Laptev and East Siberian sea shelf and slope sediment
Reviews and syntheses: to the bottom of carbon processing at the seafloor
Scotland's forgotten carbon: a national assessment of mid-latitude fjord sedimentary carbon stocks
Does denitrification occur within porous carbonate sand grains?
Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions
Pore water geochemistry along continental slopes north of the East Siberian Sea: inference of low methane concentrations
Thomas W. Garner, J. Andrew G. Cooper, Alan M. Smith, Gavin M. Rishworth, and Matt Forbes
Biogeosciences, 21, 4785–4807, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is a diverse and often conflicting suite of terminologies, classifications, and nomenclature applicable to the study of terrestrial carbonate deposits and microbialites (deposits that wholly or primarily accrete as a result of microbial activity). We review existing schemes, identify duplication and redundancy, and present a new integrated approach applicable to tufa microbialites on rock coasts.
Catherine Brenan, Markus Kienast, Vittorio Maselli, Christopher K. Algar, Benjamin Misiuk, and Craig J. Brown
Biogeosciences, 21, 4569–4586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying how much organic carbon is stored in seafloor sediments is key to assessing how human activities can accelerate the process of carbon storage at the seabed, an important consideration for climate change. This study uses seafloor sediment maps to model organic carbon content. Carbon estimates were 12 times higher when assuming the absence of detailed sediment maps, demonstrating that high-resolution seafloor mapping is critically important for improved estimates of organic carbon.
Sophie Hage, Megan L. Baker, Nathalie Babonneau, Guillaume Soulet, Bernard Dennielou, Ricardo Silva Jacinto, Robert G. Hilton, Valier Galy, François Baudin, Christophe Rabouille, Clément Vic, Sefa Sahin, Sanem Açikalin, and Peter J. Talling
Biogeosciences, 21, 4251–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The land-to-ocean flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) is difficult to measure, inhibiting accurate modeling of the global carbon cycle. Here, we quantify the POC flux between one of the largest rivers on Earth (Congo) and the ocean. POC in the form of vegetation and soil is transported by episodic submarine avalanches in a 1000 km long canyon at up to 5 km water depth. The POC flux induced by avalanches is at least 3 times greater than that induced by the background flow related to tides.
Ellen Schnabel, Aurèle Vuillemin, Cédric C. Laczny, Benoit J. Kunath, André R. Soares, Rolando Di Primio, Jens Kallmeyer, and the PROSPECTOMICS Consortium
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1603, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1603, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed marine sediment samples from areas with and without minimal hydrocarbon seepage from reservoirs underneath. Depth profiles of dissolved chemical components in the pore water as well as molecular biological data revealed differences in microbial community composition and activity. These results indicate that even minor hydrocarbon seepage affects sedimentary biogeochemical cycling in marine sediments, potentially providing a new tool for detection of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Xuefeng Peng, David J. Yousavich, Annie Bourbonnais, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Tina Treude, and David L. Valentine
Biogeosciences, 21, 3041–3052, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3041-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3041-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biologically available (fixed) nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient for life in the ocean. Under low-oxygen conditions, fixed N is either removed via denitrification or retained via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA). Using in situ incubations in the Santa Barbara Basin, which undergoes seasonal anoxia, we found that benthic denitrification was the dominant nitrate reduction process, while nitrate availability and organic carbon content control the relative importance of DNRA.
Robin Klomp, Olga M. Żygadłowska, Mike S. M. Jetten, Véronique E. Oldham, Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Caroline P. Slomp, and Wytze K. Lenstra
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1706, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1706, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In marine sediments, dissolved Mn is present as either Mn(III) or Mn(II). We apply a reactive transport model to geochemical data for a seasonally anoxic and sulfidic coastal basin to determine the pathways of formation and removal of dissolved Mn(III) in the sediment. We demonstrate a critical role for reactions with Fe(II) and show evidence for substantial benthic release of dissolved Mn(III). Given the mobility of Mn(III), these findings have important implications for marine Mn cycling.
Amanda Clare Semler and Anne Elizabeth Dekas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1377, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1377, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine hydrocarbon seeps typically host subsurface microorganisms capable of degrading methane before it is emitted to the water column. Here we describe a seep in Monterey Bay which virtually lacks known methanotrophs and where biological consumption of methane at depth is undetected. Our findings suggest that some seeps are missing this critical biofilter and that seeps may be a more significant source of methane to the water column than previously realized.
Nicole Burdanowitz, Gerhard Schmiedl, Birgit Gaye, Philipp M. Munz, and Hartmut Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1477–1499, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse benthic foraminifera, nitrogen isotopes and lipids in a sediment core from the Gulf of Oman to investigate how the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and bottom water (BW) oxygenation have reacted to climatic changes since 43 ka. The OMZ and BW deoxygenation was strong during the Holocene, but the OMZ was well ventilated during the LGM period. We found an unstable mode of oscillating oxygenation states, from moderately oxygenated in cold stadials to deoxygenated in warm interstadials in MIS 3.
Maxime Daviray, Emmanuelle Geslin, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Vincent V. Scholz, Marie Fouet, and Edouard Metzger
Biogeosciences, 21, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal marine sediments are subject to major acidification processes because of climate change and human activities, but these processes can also result from biotic activity. We studied the sediment acidifcation effect on benthic calcareous foraminifera in intertidal mudflats. The strong pH decrease in sediments probably caused by cable bacteria led to calcareous test dissolution of living and dead foraminifera, threatening the test preservation and their robustness as environmental proxies.
Sebastian J. E. Krause, Jiarui Liu, David J. Yousavich, DeMarcus Robinson, David W. Hoyt, Qianhui Qin, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 20, 4377–4390, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4377-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4377-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and hence it is important to understand its sources and sinks in the environment. Here we present new data from organic-rich surface sediments below an oxygen minimum zone off the coast of California (Santa Barbara Basin) demonstrating the simultaneous microbial production and consumption of methane, which appears to be an important process preventing the build-up of methane in these sediments and the emission into the water column and atmosphere.
Sinan Xu, Bo Liu, Sandra Arndt, Sabine Kasten, and Zijun Wu
Biogeosciences, 20, 2251–2263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a reactive continuum model based on a lognormal distribution (l-RCM) to inversely determine model parameters μ and σ at 123 sites across the global ocean. Our results show organic matter (OM) reactivity is more than 3 orders of magnitude higher in shelf than in abyssal regions. In addition, OM reactivity is higher than predicted in some specific regions, yet the l-RCM can still capture OM reactivity features in these regions.
Christiane Schmidt, Emmanuelle Geslin, Joan M. Bernhard, Charlotte LeKieffre, Mette Marianne Svenning, Helene Roberge, Magali Schweizer, and Giuliana Panieri
Biogeosciences, 19, 3897–3909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first to show non-selective deposit feeding in the foraminifera Nonionella labradorica and the possible uptake of methanotrophic bacteria. We carried out a feeding experiment with a marine methanotroph to examine the ultrastructure of the cell and degradation vacuoles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed three putative methanotrophs at the outside of the cell/test, which could be taken up via non-targeted grazing in seeps or our experiment.
James P. J. Ward, Katharine R. Hendry, Sandra Arndt, Johan C. Faust, Felipe S. Freitas, Sian F. Henley, Jeffrey W. Krause, Christian März, Allyson C. Tessin, and Ruth L. Airs
Biogeosciences, 19, 3445–3467, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3445-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The seafloor plays an important role in the cycling of silicon (Si), a key nutrient that promotes marine primary productivity. In our model study, we disentangle major controls on the seafloor Si cycle to better anticipate the impacts of continued warming and sea ice melt in the Barents Sea. We uncover a coupling of the iron redox and Si cycles, dissolution of lithogenic silicates, and authigenic clay formation, comprising a Si sink that could have implications for the Arctic Ocean Si budget.
Hanni Vigderovich, Werner Eckert, Michal Elul, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Marcus Elvert, and Orit Sivan
Biogeosciences, 19, 2313–2331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is one of the major processes limiting the release of the greenhouse gas methane from natural environments. Here we show that significant AOM exists in the methane zone of lake sediments in natural conditions and even after long-term (ca. 18 months) anaerobic slurry incubations with two stages. Methanogens were most likely responsible for oxidizing the methane, and humic substances and iron oxides are likely electron acceptors to support this oxidation.
Bjorn Sundby, Pierre Anschutz, Pascal Lecroart, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 19, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A glacial–interglacial methane-fuelled redistribution of reactive phosphorus between the oceanic and sedimentary phosphorus reservoirs can occur in the ocean when falling sea level lowers the pressure on the seafloor, destabilizes methane hydrates, and triggers the dissolution of P-bearing iron oxides. The mass of phosphate potentially mobilizable from the sediment is similar to the size of the current oceanic reservoir. Hence, this process may play a major role in the marine phosphorus cycle.
Florian Lauryssen, Philippe Crombé, Tom Maris, Elliot Van Maldegem, Marijn Van de Broek, Stijn Temmerman, and Erik Smolders
Biogeosciences, 19, 763–776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-763-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-763-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface waters in lowland regions have a poor surface water quality, mainly due to excess nutrients like phosphate. Therefore, we wanted to know the phosphate levels without humans, also called the pre-industrial background. Phosphate binds strongly to sediment particles, suspended in the river water. In this research we used sediments deposited by a river as an archive for surface water phosphate back to 1800 CE. Pre-industrial phosphate levels were estimated at one-third of the modern levels.
Annika Fiskal, Eva Anthamatten, Longhui Deng, Xingguo Han, Lorenzo Lagostina, Anja Michel, Rong Zhu, Nathalie Dubois, Carsten J. Schubert, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Mark A. Lever
Biogeosciences, 18, 4369–4388, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4369-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4369-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Microbially produced methane can serve as a carbon source for freshwater macrofauna most likely through grazing on methane-oxidizing bacteria. This study investigates the contributions of different carbon sources to macrofaunal biomass. Our data suggest that the average contribution of methane-derived carbon is similar between different fauna but overall remains low. This is further supported by the low abundance of methane-cycling microorganisms.
Astrid Hylén, Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Mikhail Kononets, Mingyue Luo, Elin Almroth-Rosell, and Per O. J. Hall
Biogeosciences, 18, 2981–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2981-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sediments in oxygen-depleted ocean areas release high amounts of phosphorus, feeding algae that consume oxygen upon degradation, leading to further phosphorus release. Oxygenation is thought to trap phosphorus in the sediment and break this feedback. We studied the sediment phosphorus cycle in a previously anoxic area after an inflow of oxic water. Surprisingly, the sediment phosphorus release increased, showing that feedbacks between phosphorus release and oxygen depletion can be hard to break.
Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Rebecca K. James, Ine Callebaut, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 18, 1451–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1451-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1451-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Some 540 Myr ago, animal life evolved in the ocean. Previous research suggested that when these early animals started inhabiting the seafloor, they retained phosphorus in the seafloor, thereby limiting photosynthesis in the ocean. We studied salt marsh sediments with and without animals and found that their impact on phosphorus retention is limited, which implies that their impact on the global environment might have been less drastic than previously assumed.
Martijn Hermans, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Filip J. R. Meysman, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 17, 5919–5938, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5919-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper demonstrates that the recently discovered cable bacteria are capable of using a mineral, known as siderite, as a source for the formation of iron oxides. This work also demonstrates that the activity of cable bacteria can lead to a distinct subsurface layer in the sediment that can be used as a marker for their activity.
Torben Windirsch, Guido Grosse, Mathias Ulrich, Lutz Schirrmeister, Alexander N. Fedorov, Pavel Y. Konstantinov, Matthias Fuchs, Loeka L. Jongejans, Juliane Wolter, Thomas Opel, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 17, 3797–3814, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To extend the knowledge on circumpolar deep permafrost carbon storage, we examined two deep permafrost deposit types (Yedoma and alas) in central Yakutia. We found little but partially undecomposed organic carbon as a result of largely changing sedimentation processes. The carbon stock of the examined Yedoma deposits is about 50 % lower than the general Yedoma domain mean, implying a very hetererogeneous Yedoma composition, while the alas is approximately 80 % below the thermokarst deposit mean.
Anna Plass, Christian Schlosser, Stefan Sommer, Andrew W. Dale, Eric P. Achterberg, and Florian Scholz
Biogeosciences, 17, 3685–3704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3685-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3685-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the cycling of Fe and Cd in sulfidic sediments of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Due to the contrasting solubility of their sulfide minerals, the sedimentary Fe release and Cd burial fluxes covary with spatial and temporal distributions of H2S. Depending on the solubility of their sulfide minerals, sedimentary trace metal fluxes will respond differently to ocean deoxygenation/expansion of H2S concentrations, which may change trace metal stoichiometry of upwelling water masses.
Biqing Zhu, Manuel Kübler, Melanie Ridoli, Daniel Breitenstein, and Martin H. Schroth
Biogeosciences, 17, 3613–3630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3613-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3613-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We provide evidence that the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is enclosed in calcareous glacier-forefield sediments across Switzerland. Geochemical analyses confirmed that this ancient CH4 has its origin in the calcareous parent bedrock. Our estimate of the total quantity of CH4 enclosed in sediments across Switzerland indicates a large CH4 mass (~105 t CH4). We produced evidence that CH4 is stable in its enclosed state, but additional experiments are needed to elucidate its long-term fate.
Matteo Puglini, Victor Brovkin, Pierre Regnier, and Sandra Arndt
Biogeosciences, 17, 3247–3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3247-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3247-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A reaction-transport model to assess the potential non-turbulent methane flux from the East Siberian Arctic sediments to water columns is applied here. We show that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is an efficient filter except for high values of sedimentation rate and advective flow, which enable considerable non-turbulent steady-state methane fluxes. Significant transient methane fluxes can also occur during the building-up phase of the AOM-performing biomass microbial community.
Kyle Delwiche, Junyao Gu, Harold Hemond, and Sarah P. Preheim
Biogeosciences, 17, 3135–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate whether bubbles transport sediments containing arsenic and cyanobacteria from the bottom to the top of a polluted lake. We measured arsenic and cyanobacteria from bubble traps in the lake and from an experimental bubble column in the laboratory. We found that bubble transport was not an important source of arsenic in the surface waters but that bubbles could transport enough cyanobacteria to the surface to exacerbate harmful algal blooms.
Nathaniel Kemnitz, William M. Berelson, Douglas E. Hammond, Laura Morine, Maria Figueroa, Timothy W. Lyons, Simon Scharf, Nick Rollins, Elizabeth Petsios, Sydnie Lemieux, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 17, 2381–2396, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2381-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper shows how sedimentation in a very low oxygen setting provides a unique record of environmental change. We look at the past 250 years through the filter of sediment accumulation via radioisotope dating and other physical and chemical analyses of these sediments. We conclude, remarkably, that there has been very little change in net sediment mass accumulation through the past 100–150 years, yet just prior to 1900 CE, sediments were accumulating at 50 %–70 % of today's rate.
Dario Fussmann, Avril Jean Elisabeth von Hoyningen-Huene, Andreas Reimer, Dominik Schneider, Hana Babková, Robert Peticzka, Andreas Maier, Gernot Arp, Rolf Daniel, and Patrick Meister
Biogeosciences, 17, 2085–2106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2085-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2085-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) is supersaturated in many aquatic settings (e.g., seawater) on modern Earth but does not precipitate directly from the fluid, a fact known as the dolomite problem. The widely acknowledged concept of dolomite precipitation involves microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and anoxic conditions as important drivers. In contrast, results from Lake Neusiedl support an alternative concept of Ca–Mg carbonate precipitation under aerobic and alkaline conditions.
Aurèle Vuillemin, André Friese, Richard Wirth, Jan A. Schuessler, Anja M. Schleicher, Helga Kemnitz, Andreas Lücke, Kohen W. Bauer, Sulung Nomosatryo, Friedhelm von Blanckenburg, Rachel Simister, Luis G. Ordoñez, Daniel Ariztegui, Cynthia Henny, James M. Russell, Satria Bijaksana, Hendrik Vogel, Sean A. Crowe, Jens Kallmeyer, and the Towuti Drilling Project
Science team
Biogeosciences, 17, 1955–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ferruginous lakes experience restricted primary production due to phosphorus trapping by ferric iron oxides under oxic conditions. We report the presence of large crystals of vivianite, a ferrous iron phosphate, in sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia. We address processes of P retention linked to diagenesis of iron phases. Vivianite crystals had light Fe2+ isotope signatures and contained mineral inclusions consistent with antecedent processes of microbial sulfate and iron reduction.
Sonja Geilert, Patricia Grasse, Kristin Doering, Klaus Wallmann, Claudia Ehlert, Florian Scholz, Martin Frank, Mark Schmidt, and Christian Hensen
Biogeosciences, 17, 1745–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Marine silicate weathering is a key process of the marine silica cycle; however, its controlling processes are not well understood. In the Guaymas Basin, silicate weathering has been studied under markedly differing ambient conditions. Environmental settings like redox conditions or terrigenous input of reactive silicates appear to be major factors controlling marine silicate weathering. These factors need to be taken into account in future oceanic mass balances of Si and in modeling studies.
Jessica B. Volz, Laura Haffert, Matthias Haeckel, Andrea Koschinsky, and Sabine Kasten
Biogeosciences, 17, 1113–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Potential future deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules at the seafloor is expected to severely harm the marine environment. However, the consequences on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly understood. This study on surface sediments from man-made disturbance tracks in the Pacific Ocean shows that due to the removal of the uppermost sediment layer and thereby the loss of organic matter, the geochemical system in the sediments is disturbed for millennia before reaching a new equilibrium.
Ralf Conrad, Melanie Klose, and Alex Enrich-Prast
Biogeosciences, 17, 1063–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1063-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1063-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lake sediments release the greenhouse gas CH4. Acetate is an important precursor. Although Amazonian lake sediments all contained acetate-consuming methanogens, measurement of the turnover of labeled acetate showed that some sediments converted acetate not to CH4 plus CO2, as expected, but only to CO2. Our results indicate the operation of acetate-oxidizing microorganisms couples the oxidation process to syntrophic methanogenic partners and/or to the reduction of organic compounds.
Jens Rassmann, Eryn M. Eitel, Bruno Lansard, Cécile Cathalot, Christophe Brandily, Martial Taillefert, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 17, 13–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-13-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-13-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use a large set of measurements made using in situ and lab techniques to elucidate the cause of dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in sediments from the Rhône delta and its companion compound alkalinity, which carries the absorption capacity of coastal waters with respect to atmospheric CO2. We show that sediment processes (sulfate reduction, FeS precipitation and accumulation) are crucial in generating the alkalinity fluxes observed in this study by in situ incubation chambers.
Sophie A. L. Paul, Matthias Haeckel, Michael Bau, Rajina Bajracharya, and Andrea Koschinsky
Biogeosciences, 16, 4829–4849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the upper 10 m of deep-sea sediments, including pore water, in the Peru Basin to understand small-scale variability of trace metals. Our results show high spatial variability related to topographical variations, which in turn impact organic matter contents, degradation processes, and trace metal cycling. Another interesting finding was the influence of dissolving buried nodules on the surrounding sediment and trace metal cycling.
Sarah Paradis, Antonio Pusceddu, Pere Masqué, Pere Puig, Davide Moccia, Tommaso Russo, and Claudio Lo Iacono
Biogeosciences, 16, 4307–4320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chronic deep bottom trawling in the Gulf of Castellammare (SW Mediterranean) erodes large volumes of sediment, exposing over-century-old sediment depleted in organic matter. Nevertheless, the arrival of fresh and nutritious sediment recovers superficial organic matter in trawling grounds and leads to high turnover rates, partially and temporarily mitigating the impacts of bottom trawling. However, this deposition is ephemeral and it will be swiftly eroded by the passage of the next trawler.
Zhichao Zhou, Bo Liang, Li-Ying Wang, Jin-Feng Liu, Bo-Zhong Mu, Hojae Shim, and Ji-Dong Gu
Biogeosciences, 16, 4229–4241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4229-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4229-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows a core bacterial microbiome with a small proportion of shared operational taxonomic units of common sequences among all oil reservoirs. Dominant methanogenesis shifts from the hydrogenotrophic pathway in water phase to the acetoclastic pathway in the oil phase at high temperatures, but the opposite is true at low temperatures. There are also major functional metabolism differences between the two phases for amino acids, hydrocarbons, and carbohydrates.
Annika Fiskal, Longhui Deng, Anja Michel, Philip Eickenbusch, Xingguo Han, Lorenzo Lagostina, Rong Zhu, Michael Sander, Martin H. Schroth, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Nathalie Dubois, and Mark A. Lever
Biogeosciences, 16, 3725–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3725-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3725-2019, 2019
Hanni Vigderovich, Lewen Liang, Barak Herut, Fengping Wang, Eyal Wurgaft, Maxim Rubin-Blum, and Orit Sivan
Biogeosciences, 16, 3165–3181, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3165-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3165-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial iron reduction participates in important biogeochemical cycles. In the last decade iron reduction has been observed in many aquatic sediments below its classical zone, in the methane production zone, suggesting a link between the two cycles. Here we present evidence for microbial iron reduction in the methanogenic depth of the oligotrophic SE Mediterranean continental shelf using mainly geochemical and microbial sedimentary profiles and suggest possible mechanisms for this process.
Haoyi Yao, Wei-Li Hong, Giuliana Panieri, Simone Sauer, Marta E. Torres, Moritz F. Lehmann, Friederike Gründger, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 16, 2221–2232, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2221-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2221-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
How methane is transported in the sediment is important for the microbial community living on methane. Here we report an observation of a mini-fracture that facilitates the advective gas transport of methane in the sediment, compared to the diffusive fluid transport without a fracture. We found contrasting bio-geochemical signals in these different transport modes. This finding can help to fill the gap in the fracture network system in modulating methane dynamics in surface sediments.
Laura A. Casella, Sixin He, Erika Griesshaber, Lourdes Fernández-Díaz, Martina Greiner, Elizabeth M. Harper, Daniel J. Jackson, Andreas Ziegler, Vasileios Mavromatis, Martin Dietzel, Anton Eisenhauer, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, Uwe Brand, and Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Biogeosciences, 15, 7451–7484, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7451-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7451-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic carbonates record past environmental conditions. Fossil shell chemistry and microstructure change as metastable biogenic carbonates are replaced by inorganic calcite. Simulated diagenetic alteration at 175 °C of different shell microstructures showed that (nacreous) shell aragonite and calcite were partially replaced by coarse inorganic calcite crystals due to dissolution–reprecipitation reactions. EBSD maps allowed for qualitative assessment of the degree of diagenetic overprint.
Wytze K. Lenstra, Matthias Egger, Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Emma Kritzberg, Daniel J. Conley, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 15, 6979–6996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6979-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6979-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show that burial rates of phosphorus (P) in an estuary in the northern Baltic Sea are very high. We demonstrate that at high sedimentation rates, P retention in the sediment is related to the formation of vivianite. With a reactive transport model, we assess the sensitivity of sedimentary vivianite formation. We suggest that enrichments of iron and P in the sediment are linked to periods of enhanced riverine input of Fe, which subsequently strongly enhances P burial in coastal sediments.
Jiarui Liu, Gareth Izon, Jiasheng Wang, Gilad Antler, Zhou Wang, Jie Zhao, and Matthias Egger
Biogeosciences, 15, 6329–6348, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our work provides new insights into the biogeochemical cycling of iron, methane and phosphorus. We found that vivianite, an iron-phosphate mineral, is pervasive in methane-rich sediments, suggesting that iron reduction at depth is coupled to phosphorus and methane cycling on a much greater spatial scale than previously assumed. Acting as an important burial mechanism for iron and phosphorus, vivianite authigenesis may be an under-considered process in both modern and ancient settings alike.
Marc A. Besseling, Ellen C. Hopmans, R. Christine Boschman, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Laura Villanueva
Biogeosciences, 15, 4047–4064, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4047-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4047-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic archaea comprise a significant part of the total prokaryotic biomass in marine sediments. Here, we compared the archaeal diversity and intact polar lipid (IPL) composition in both surface and subsurface sediments with different oxygen regimes in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. The oxygenated sediments were dominated by Thaumarchaeota and IPL-GDGT-0. The anoxic sediment contained highly diverse archaeal communities and high relative abundances of IPL-GDGT-1 to -4.
Georgina Robinson, Thomas MacTavish, Candida Savage, Gary S. Caldwell, Clifford L. W. Jones, Trevor Probyn, Bradley D. Eyre, and Selina M. Stead
Biogeosciences, 15, 1863–1878, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1863-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1863-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the effect of adding carbon to a sediment-based effluent treatment system to treat nitrogen-rich aquaculture waste. The research was conducted in incubation chambers to measure the exchange of gases and nutrients across the sediment–water interface and examine changes in the sediment microbial community. Adding carbon increased the amount of nitrogen retained in the treatment system, thereby reducing the levels of nitrogen needing to be discharged to the environment.
Daniele Brigolin, Christophe Rabouille, Bruno Bombled, Silvia Colla, Salvatrice Vizzini, Roberto Pastres, and Fabio Pranovi
Biogeosciences, 15, 1347–1366, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1347-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1347-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the result of a study carried out in the north-western Adriatic Sea by combining two different types of models with field sampling. A mussel farm was taken as a local source of perturbation to the natural flux of particulate organic carbon to the sediment. Differences in fluxes were primarily associated with mussel physiological conditions. Although restricted, these changes in particulate organic carbon fluxes induced visible effects on sediment biogeochemistry.
Volker Brüchert, Lisa Bröder, Joanna E. Sawicka, Tommaso Tesi, Samantha P. Joye, Xiaole Sun, Igor P. Semiletov, and Vladimir A. Samarkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 471–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-471-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-471-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We determined the aerobic and anaerobic degradation rates of land- and marine-derived organic material in East Siberian shelf sediment. Marine plankton-derived organic carbon was the main source for the oxic dissolved carbon dioxide production, whereas terrestrial organic material significantly contributed to the production of carbon dioxide under anoxic conditions. Our direct degradation rate measurements provide new constraints for the present-day Arctic marine carbon budget.
Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 15, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by geologists to better understand the sedimentary record, by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, by organic geochemists to elucidate compositional changes, and by ecologists to follow carbon transfers within food webs. These disciplinary approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. This award talk provides a synthesis, highlights the role of animals in sediment carbon processing and presents some new concepts.
Craig Smeaton, William E. N. Austin, Althea L. Davies, Agnes Baltzer, John A. Howe, and John M. Baxter
Biogeosciences, 14, 5663–5674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5663-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5663-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Fjord sediments are recognised as hotspots for the burial and long-term storage of carbon. In this study, we use the Scottish fjords as a natural laboratory. Using geophysical and geochemical analysis in combination with upscaling techniques, we have generated the first full national sedimentary C inventory for a fjordic system. The results indicate that the Scottish fjords on a like-for-like basis are more effective as C stores than their terrestrial counterparts, including Scottish peatlands.
Perran Louis Miall Cook, Adam John Kessler, and Bradley David Eyre
Biogeosciences, 14, 4061–4069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4061-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4061-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen is the key nutrient that typically limits productivity in coastal waters. One of the key controls on the amount of bioavailable nitrogen is the process of denitrification, which converts nitrate (bioavailable) into nitrogen gas. Previous studies suggest high rates of denitrification may take place within carbonate sediments, and one explanation for this is that this process may take place within the sand grains. Here we show evidence to support this hypothesis.
Chris T. Parsons, Fereidoun Rezanezhad, David W. O'Connell, and Philippe Van Cappellen
Biogeosciences, 14, 3585–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3585-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3585-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphorus (P) has accumulated in sediments due to past human activities. The re-release of this P to water contributes to the growth of harmful algal blooms. Our research improves our mechanistic understanding of how P is partitioned between different chemical forms and between sediment and water under dynamic conditions. We demonstrate that P trapped within iron minerals may be less mobile during anoxic conditions than previously thought due to reversible changes to P forms within sediment.
Clint M. Miller, Gerald R. Dickens, Martin Jakobsson, Carina Johansson, Andrey Koshurnikov, Matt O'Regan, Francesco Muschitiello, Christian Stranne, and Carl-Magnus Mörth
Biogeosciences, 14, 2929–2953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2929-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2929-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Continental slopes north of the East Siberian Sea are assumed to hold large amounts of methane. We present pore water chemistry from the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. These are among the first results generated from this vast climatically sensitive region, and they imply that abundant methane, including gas hydrates, do not characterize the East Siberian Sea slope or rise. This contradicts previous modeling and discussions, which due to the lack of data are almost entirely based assumption.
Cited articles
Anderson, R. N., Hobart, M. A., and Langseth, M. G.: Geothermal convection through oceanic crust and sediments in the Indian Ocean, Science, 204, 828–832, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.204.4395.828, 1979.
Aplin, A. C. and Cronan, D. S.: Ferromanganese oxide deposits from the Central Pacific Ocean, II. Nodules and associated sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 49, 437–451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90035-3, 1985.
Arnarson, T. S. and Keil, R. G.: Changes in organic matter–mineral interactions for marine sediments with varying oxygen exposure times, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 3545–3556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.027, 2007.
Arndt, S., Jørgensen, B. B., LaRowe, D. E., Middelburg, J. J., Pancost, R. D., and Regnier, R.: Quantifying the degradation of organic matter in marine sediments: A review and synthesis, Earth-Sci. Rev., 123, 53–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.02.008, 2013.
Baker, P. A., Stout, P. M., Kastner, M., and Elderfield, H.: Large-scale lateral advection of seawater through oceanic crust in the central equatorial Pacific, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 105, 522–533, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90189-O, 1991.
Barckhausen, U., Bagge, M., and Wilson, D. S.: Seafloor spreading anomalies and crustal ages of the Clarion–Clipperton Zone, Mar. Geophys. Res., 34, 79–88, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-013-9184-6, 2013.
Berner, R. A.: Early Diagenesis. A Theoretical Approach, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1980.
Bowles, M. W., Mogollón, J. M., Kasten, S., Zabel, M., and Hinrichs, K.–U.: Global rates of marine sulfate reduction and implications for sub–sea–floor metabolic activities, Science, 344, 889–891, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1249213, 2014.
Buchwald, C., Homola, K., Spivack, A. J., Estes, E. R., Murray, R. W., and Wankel, S. D.: Isotopic constraints on nitrogen transformation rates in the deep sedimentary marine biosphere, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 1688–1702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB005948, 2018.
Cai, W.-J. and Sayles, F. L.: Oxygen penetration depths and fluxes in marine sediments, Mar. Chem., 52, 123–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00081-X, 1996.
Canfield, D. E. and Thamdrup, B.: Towards a consistent classification scheme for geochemical environments, or, why we wish the term “suboxic” would go away, Geobiology, 7, 385–392, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00214.x, 2009.
Coogan, L. A. and Gillis, K. M.: Low–Temperature Alteration of the Seafloor: Impacts on Ocean Chemistry, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 46, 21–45, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010027, 2018.
D'Hondt, S., Spivack, A. J., Pockalny, R., Ferdelman,
T. G., Fischer, J. P., Kallmeyer, J., Abrams, L. J., Smith, D. C.,
Graham, D., Hasiuk, F., Schrum, H., and Stancin, A. M.: Subseafloor
sedimentary life in the South Pacific Gyre, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 11651–11656, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811793106, 2009.
D'Hondt, S., Inagaki, F., Alvarez Zarikian, C., and the
IODP Expedition 329 Scientific Party: IODP Expedition 329: Life and
Habitability Beneath the Seafloor of the South Pacific Gyre,
Sci. Dril., 15, 4–10, https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.15.01.2013,
2013.
D'Hondt, S., Inagaki, F., Zarikian, C. A., Abrams, L. J.,
Dubois, N., Engelhardt, T., Evans, H., Ferdelman, T., Gribsholt, B.,
Harris, R. N., Hoppie, B., Hyun, J.-H., Kallmeyer, J., Kim, J., Lynch, J. E., McKinley, C., Mitsunobu, S., Morono, Y., Murray, R. W., Pockalny, R., Sauvage, J., Shimono, T., Shiraishi, F., Smith, D., C. Smith–Duque, C., Spivack, A. J., Steinsbu, B. O., Suzuki, Y., Szpak, M., Toffin, L., Uramoto, G., Yamaguchi, Y. T., Zhang, G.-L., Zhang, X.-H., and Ziebis, W.: Presence of oxygen and aerobic communities from sea floor to basement in deep-sea sediments, Nat. Geosci., 8, 299–304, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2387, 2015.
D'Hondt, S., Inagaki, F., Orcutt, B. N., and Hinrichs K.-U.:
IODP advances in the understanding of subseafloor life, Oceanography,
32, 198–207, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11450-z,
2019a.
D'Hondt, S., Pockalny, R., Fulfer, V. M., and Spivack, A. J.: Subseafloor life and ist biogeochemical impacts, Nat. Commun., 10, 3519, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11450-z, 2019b.
Davis, E. E., Chapman, D. S., Wang, K., Villinger, H.,
Fisher, A. T., Robinson, S. W., Grigel, J., Pribnow, D., Stein, J.,
and Becker, K.: Regional heat flow variations across the sedimented Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank: Constraints on lithospheric cooling and lateral hydrothermal heat transport, J. Geophys. Res.–Atmos., 104, 17675–17688, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900124, 1999.
de Lange, G. J.: Geochemical evidence of a massive slide in the southern Norwegian Sea, Nature, 305, 420–422, https://doi.org/10.1038/305420a0, 1983.
Eittreim, S. L., Ragozin, N., Gnibidenko, H. S., and Helsley, C. E.: Crustal age between the Clipperton and Clarion Fracture Zones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2365–2368, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL02928, 1992.
Emerson, S. and Hedges, J.: Sediment diagenesis and
benthic flux, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 6, Holland, H. D. and Turekian, K. K. (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 293–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/06112-0, 2003.
Fischer, J. P., Ferdelman, T. G., D'Hondt, S., Røy, H., and Wenzhöfer, F.: Oxygen penetration deep into the sediment of the South Pacific gyre, Biogeosciences, 6, 1467–1478, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1467-2009, 2009.
Fisher, A. T. and Wheat, C. G.: Seamounts as conduits for massive fluid, heat, and solute fluxes on ridge flanks, Oceanography, 23, 74–87, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.63, 2010.
Fisher, A. T., Davis, E. E., Hutnak, M., Spiess, V., Zühlsdorff, L., Cherkaoui, A., Christiansen, L., Edwards, K., Macdonald, R., Villinger, H., Mottl, M. J., Wheat, C. G., and Becker, K.: Hydrothermal recharge and discharge across 50 km guided by seamounts on a young ridge flank, Nature, 421, 618–621, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01352, 2003.
Froelich, P. N., Klinkhammer, G. P., Bender, M. L., Luedtke, N. A., Heath, G. R., Cullen, D., Dauphin, P., Hammond, D., Hartman, B., and Maynard, V.: Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 43, 1075–1090, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90095-4, 1979.
García, H. E. and Gordon, L. I.: Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 1307–1312, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1307, 1992.
Garcia, H. E., Weathers, K., Paver, C. R., Smolyar, I.,
Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Zweng, M. M., Mishonov, A. V.,
Baranova, O. K., Seidov, D., and Reagan, J. R.: World Ocean Atlas
2018, Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate
and nitrate+nitrite, silicate), Mishonov, A. (Technical Ed.), NOAA Atlas NESDIS 84, Silver Spring, MD, 35 pp., 2018.
Hasterok, D., Chapman, D. S., and Davis, E. E.: Oceanic heat flow: Implications for global heat loss, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 311, 386–395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.044, 2011.
Hensen, C., Zabel, M., and Schulz, H. D.: A comparison of benthic nutrient fluxes from deep-sea sediments off Namibia and Argentinia, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00015-1, 2000.
Hensen, C., Zabel, M., and Schulz, H. N.: Early
Diagenesis at the Benthic Boundary Layer: Oxygen, Nitrogen, and
Phosphorus in Marine Sediments, in: Marine Geochemistry, Schulz, H. D. and Zabel, M. (Eds.), Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 207–240, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32144-6_6, 2006.
Hulme, S. M. and Wheat C. G.: Subseefloor fluid and chemical fluxes along a buried-basement ridge on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 20, 4922–4938, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008408, 2019.
Hutnak, M., Fisher, A. T., Zühlsdorff, L., Spiess,
V., Stauffer, P. H., and Gable, C. W.: Hydrothermal recharge and
discharge guided by basement outcrops on 0.7–3.6 Ma seafloor east
of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Observations and numerical models,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 7, Q07O02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001242, 2006.
Kasten, S., Zabel, M., Heuer, V., and Hensen, C.:
Processes and signals of non–steady state diagenesis in deep-sea
sediments, in: The South Atlantic in the Late Quaternary, Wefer, G., Mulitza, S., and Rathmeyer, V. (Eds.), Springer, Berlin, pp. 431–459, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18917-3_20, 2003.
Kay, J., Conklin, M. H., Fuller, Christopher C, and O'Day, P. A.: Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe Mining District, Arizona, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4719–4725, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010514d, 2001.
Koschinsky, A., Fritsche, U., and Winkler, A.: Sequential leaching of Peru Basin surface sediment for the assessment of aged and fresh heavy metal associations and mobility, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 3683–3699, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00062-5, 2001.
Kuhn, T., Bösel, J., Dohrmann, I., Filsmair, C.,
Fronzek, J., Gerken, J., Goergens, R., Hartmann, J. F., Heesemann,
B., Heller, C., Heyde, I., Janssen, A., Kasten, S., Kaul, N., Kevel,
O., Kleint, C., Lückge, A., Müller, P., Preuss, I.-M.,
Purkiani, K., Ritter, S., Rühlemann, C., Schwab, A., Sing, R.,
Stegger, U., Sturm, S., Uhlenkott, K., Villinger, H., Vink, A.,
Wedemeyer, H., and Wegorzewski, A.: SO240 – Flum:
Low–temperature fluid circulation at seamounts and hydrothermal
pits: heat flow regime, impact on biogeochemical processes and its
potential influence on the occurrence and composition of manganese
nodules in the equatorial eastern Pacific, 1–185, Bundesanstalt für Geologie und Rohstoffe (BGR),
https://doi.org/10.2312/cr_so240, 2015.
Kuhn, T., Versteegh, G. J. M., Villinger, H., Dohrmann, I., Heller, C., Koschinsky, A., Kaul, N., Ritter, S., Wegorzewski, A. V., and Kasten, S.: Widespread sea–water circulation in 18–22 Ma oceanic crust: Impact on heat flow and sediment geochemistry, Geology, 45, 799–802, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39091.1, 2017.
Lutz, M. J., Caldeira, K., Dunbar, R. B., and Behrenfeld, M. J.: Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux describe the biological pump efficiency in the global ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, C10011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003706, 2007.
Mewes, K., Mogollón, J. M., Picard, A., Rühlemann, C., Kuhn, T., Nöthen, K., and Kasten, S.: Impact of depositional and biogeochemical processes on small scale variations in nodule abundance in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 91, 125–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.06.001, 2014.
Mewes, K., Mogollón, J. M., Picard, A., Rühlemann, C., Eisenhauer, A., Kuhn, T., Ziebis, W., and Kasten, S.: Diffusive transfer of oxygen from seamount basaltic crust into overlying sediments: An example from the Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 433, 215–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.10.028, 2016.
Mogollón, J. M., Mewes, K., and Kasten, S.: Quantifying manganese and nitrogen cycle coupling in manganese–rich, organic carbon–starved marine sediments: Examples from the Clarion–Clipperton fracture zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 7114–7123, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069117, 2016.
Morono, Y., Ito, M., Hoshino, T., Terada, T., Hori, T., Ikehara, M., D'Hondt, S., and Inagaki, F.: Aerobic microbial life persists in oxic marine sediment as old as 101.5 million years, Nat. Commun., 11, 3626, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17330-1, 2020.
Müller, P. J. and Mangini, A.: Organic carbon decomposition rates in sediments of the pacific manganese nodule belt dated by 230Th and 231Pa, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 51, 94–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90259-9, 1980.
Murray, J. W. and Dillard, J. G.: The oxidation of cobalt(II) adsorbed on manganese dioxide, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 43, 781–787, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90261-8, 1979.
Nöthen, K. and Kasten, S.: Reconstructing changes in seep activity by means of pore water and solid phase Sr
Orcutt, B. N., Wheat, C. G., Rouxel, O., Hulme, S., Edwards, K. J., and Bach, W.: Oxygen consumption rates in subseafloor basaltic crust derived from a reaction transport model, Nat. Commun., 4, 2539, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3539, 2013.
Rietveld, H. M.: Line profiles of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement, Acta Crystallogr., 22, 151–152, https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X67000234, 1967.
Revsbech, N. P.: An oxygen microsensor with a guard cathode, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 474–478, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.2.0474, 1989.
Rühlemann, C., Kuhn, T., Wiedicke, M., Kasten, S., Mewes, K., and Picard, A.: Current status of manganese nodule exploration in the German license area, Proceedings of the Ninth (2911) ISOPE Ocean Mining Symposium, Maui, Hawaii, USA, 19–24 June, 168–173, 2011.
Sclater, J. G., Jaupart, C., and Galson, D.: The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust and the heat loss of the Earth, Rev. Geophys., 18, 269–311, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG018i001p00269, 1980.
Seeberg–Elverfeldt, J., Schlüter, M., Feseker, T., and Kölling, M.: Rhizon sampling of porewaters near the sediment-water interface of aquatic systems, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 3, 361–371, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2005.3.361, 2005.
Spinelli, G. A., Giambalvo, E. R., and Fisher, A. T.:
Sediment permeability, distribution, and influence on fluxes in
oceanic basement. in: Hydrogeology of the oceanic lithosphere, Davis, E. E. and Elderfield, H. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 151–188, 2004.
Stein, C. A. and Stein, S.: A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age, Nature, 359, 123–129, https://doi.org/10.1038/359123a0, 1992.
Tegelaar, E. W., de Leeuw, J. W., Derenne, S., and Largeau, C.: A reappraisal of kerogen formation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 53, 3103–3106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90191-9, 1989.
Versteegh, G. J. M., Koschinsky, A., Kuhn, T., Preuss, I., and Kasten, S.: Porewater and solid phase Mn, Ni, Co and porewater O2 and NO3 from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone NE Pacific, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933062, 2021.
Volz, J. B., Mogollón, J. M., Geibert, W., Martínez Arbizu, P., Koschinsky, A., and Kasten, S.: Natural spatial variability of depositional conditions, biogeochemical processes and element fluxes in sediments of the eastern Clarion–Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 140, 159–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.08.006, 2018.
Volz, J. B., Liu, B., Köster, M., Henkel, S., Koschinsky, A., and Kasten, S.: Post-depositional manganese mobilization during the last glacial period in sediments of the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 532, 116012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.116012, 2020.
Wankel, S. D., Buchwald, C., Ziebis, W., Wenk, C. B., and Lehmann, M. F.: Nitrogen cycling in the deep sedimentary biosphere: nitrate isotopes in porewaters underlying the oligotrophic North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 12, 7483–7502, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7483-2015, 2015.
Wenzhöfer, F. and Gludd, R. N.: Benthic carbon mineralization in the Atlantic: a synthesis based on in situ data from the last decade, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49, 1255–1279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00025-0, 2002.
Wheat, C. G. and Fisher, A. T.: Massive, low–temperature hydrothermal flow from a basaltic outcrop on 23 Ma seafloor of the Cocos Plate: Chemical constraints and implications, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002136, 2008.
Wheat, C. G. and Mottl, M. J.: Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare: global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 64, 629–642, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00347-6, 2000.
Wheat, C. G., Hartwell, A. M., McManus, J., Fisher, A. T., Orcutt, B. N., Schlicht, L. E. M., Niedenzu, S., and Bach, W.: Geology and fluid discharge at Dorado Outcrop, a low temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal system, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 20, 487–504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007933, 2019.
Wheat, C. G., Becker, K., Villinger, H., Orcutt, B. N., Fournier, T., Hartwell., A., and Paul., C.: Subseafloor cross-hole tracer experiment reveals hydrologic properties, heterogeneities, and reactions in slow-spreading oceanic crust, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 21, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008804, 2020.
Williams, D. L. and von Herzen, R. P.: Heat Loss from the Earth: New Estimate, Geology, 2, 327–328, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<327:HLFTEN>2.0.CO;2, 1974.
Ziebis, W., McManus, J., Ferdelman, T., Schmidt–Schierhorn, F., Bach, W., Muratli, J., Edwards, K. J., and Villinger, H.: Interstitial fluid chemistry of sediments underlying the North Atlantic gyre and the influence of subsurface fluid flow, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 323–324, 79–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.018, 2012.
Zonneveld, K. A. F., Versteegh, G. J. M., Kasten, S., Eglinton, T. I., Emeis, K.-C., Huguet, C., Koch, B. P., de Lange, G. J., de Leeuw, J. W., Middelburg, J. J., Mollenhauer, G., Prahl, F. G., Rethemeyer, J., and Wakeham, S. G.: Selective preservation of organic matter in marine environments; processes and impact on the sedimentary record, Biogeosciences, 7, 483–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-483-2010, 2010.
Short summary
Oxygen penetrates sediments not only from the ocean bottom waters but also from the basement. The impact of the latter is poorly understood. We show that this basement oxygen has a clear impact on the nitrogen cycle, the redox state, and the distribution of manganese, nickel cobalt and organic matter in the sediments. This is important for (1) global biogeochemical cycles, (2) understanding sedimentary life and (3) the interpretation of the sediment record to reconstruct the past.
Oxygen penetrates sediments not only from the ocean bottom waters but also from the basement....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint