Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1919-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1919-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The roles of resuspension, diffusion and biogeochemical processes on oxygen dynamics offshore of the Rhône River, France: a numerical modeling study
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary,
Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA
Courtney K. Harris
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary,
Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA
Katja Fennel
Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
B3P 2A3, Canada
Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary,
Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA
Kehui Xu
Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana 70803, USA
Christophe Rabouille
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR
CEA-CNRS-UVSQ and IPSL, Gif sur Yvette 91198, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Catherine Czajka, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Emily B. Rivest, Pierre St-Laurent, Mark J. Brush, and Fei Da
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3359, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3359, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Under future acidification, warming, and nutrient management, substantial reductions in shell and tissue weights of Eastern oysters are projected for the Chesapeake Bay. Lower oyster growth rates will be largely driven by reduced calcium carbonate saturation states and reduced food availability. Oyster aquaculture practices in the region will likely be affected, with site selection becoming increasingly important as impacts will be highly spatially variable.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, Bruno Bombled, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Steeve Comeau, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Pascale Cuet, Eva Ferreira, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Catherine Goyet, Emilie Grossteffan, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Coraline Leseurre, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Jean-François Ternon, Franck Touratier, Aline Tribollet, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-464, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-464, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a new synthesis of 67 000 total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2023 in the global ocean, coastal zones and the Mediterranean Sea. We describe the data assemblage and associated quality control and discuss some potential uses of this dataset. The dataset is provided in a single format and include the quality flag for each sample.
Sophie Hage, Megan L. Baker, Nathalie Babonneau, Guillaume Soulet, Bernard Dennielou, Ricardo Silva Jacinto, Robert G. Hilton, Valier Galy, François Baudin, Christophe Rabouille, Clément Vic, Sefa Sahin, Sanem Açikalin, and Peter J. Talling
Biogeosciences, 21, 4251–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The land-to-ocean flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) is difficult to measure, inhibiting accurate modeling of the global carbon cycle. Here, we quantify the POC flux between one of the largest rivers on Earth (Congo) and the ocean. POC in the form of vegetation and soil is transported by episodic submarine avalanches in a 1000 km long canyon at up to 5 km water depth. The POC flux induced by avalanches is at least 3 times greater than that induced by the background flow related to tides.
Gianpiero Cossarini, Andy Moore, Stefano Ciavatta, and Katja Fennel
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-8, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biogeochemistry refers to the cycling of chemical elements resulting from physical transport, chemical reaction, uptake, and processing by living organisms. Biogeochemical models can have a wide range of complexity, from single parameterizations of processes to fully explicit representations of several nutrients, trophic levels, and functional groups. Uncertainty sources are the lack of knowledge about the parameterizations, initial and boundary conditions and the lack of observations
Kyoko Ohashi, Arnaud Laurent, Christoph Renkl, Jinyu Sheng, Katja Fennel, and Eric Oliver
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1372, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1372, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a modelling system of the northwest Atlantic Ocean that simulates the currents, temperature, salinity, and parts of the biochemical cycle of the ocean, as well as sea ice. The system combines advanced, open-source models and can be used to study, for example, the oceans’ capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide which is a key process in the global climate. The system produces realistic results, and we use it to investigate the roles of tides and sea ice in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.
Eva Ferreira, Stanley Nmor, Eric Viollier, Bruno Lansard, Bruno Bombled, Edouard Regnier, Gaël Monvoisin, Christian Grenz, Pieter van Beek, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 21, 711–729, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-711-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-711-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides new insights by examining the short-term impact of winter floods on biogeochemical sediment processes near the Rhône River (NW Mediterranean Sea). This is the first winter monitoring of sediment and porewater in deltaic areas. The coupling of these data with a new model enables us to quantify the evolution of biogeochemical processes. It also provides new perspectives on the benthic carbon cycle in river deltas considering climate change, whereby flooding should intensify.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Li-Qing Jiang, Adam V. Subhas, Daniela Basso, Katja Fennel, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
State Planet, 2-oae2023, 13, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides comprehensive guidelines for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) researchers on archiving their metadata and data. It includes data standards for various OAE studies and a universal metadata template. Controlled vocabularies for terms like alkalinization methods are included. These guidelines also apply to ocean acidification data.
Katja Fennel, Matthew C. Long, Christopher Algar, Brendan Carter, David Keller, Arnaud Laurent, Jann Paul Mattern, Ruth Musgrave, Andreas Oschlies, Josiane Ostiguy, Jaime B. Palter, and Daniel B. Whitt
State Planet, 2-oae2023, 9, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-9-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-9-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes biogeochemical models and modelling techniques for applications related to ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) research. Many of the most pressing OAE-related research questions cannot be addressed by observation alone but will require a combination of skilful models and observations. We present illustrative examples with references to further information; describe limitations, caveats, and future research needs; and provide practical recommendations.
Stefania A. Ciliberti, Enrique Alvarez Fanjul, Jay Pearlman, Kirsten Wilmer-Becker, Pierre Bahurel, Fabrice Ardhuin, Alain Arnaud, Mike Bell, Segolene Berthou, Laurent Bertino, Arthur Capet, Eric Chassignet, Stefano Ciavatta, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Gianpaolo Coro, Stuart Corney, Fraser Davidson, Marie Drevillon, Yann Drillet, Renaud Dussurget, Ghada El Serafy, Katja Fennel, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Patrick Heimbach, Fabrice Hernandez, Patrick Hogan, Ibrahim Hoteit, Sudheer Joseph, Simon Josey, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Marco Mancini, Pascal Matte, Angelique Melet, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Andrew M. Moore, Antonio Novellino, Andrew Porter, Heather Regan, Laia Romero, Andreas Schiller, John Siddorn, Joanna Staneva, Cecile Thomas-Courcoux, Marina Tonani, Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas, Jennifer Veitch, Karina von Schuckmann, Liying Wan, John Wilkin, and Romane Zufic
State Planet, 1-osr7, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, 2023
Benjamin Richaud, Katja Fennel, Eric C. J. Oliver, Michael D. DeGrandpre, Timothée Bourgeois, Xianmin Hu, and Youyu Lu
The Cryosphere, 17, 2665–2680, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2665-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2665-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is a dynamic carbon reservoir. Its seasonal growth and melt modify the carbonate chemistry in the upper ocean, with consequences for the Arctic Ocean carbon sink. Yet, the importance of this process is poorly quantified. Using two independent approaches, this study provides new methods to evaluate the error in air–sea carbon flux estimates due to the lack of biogeochemistry in ice in earth system models. Those errors range from 5 % to 30 %, depending on the model and climate projection.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Arnaud Laurent, Haiyan Zhang, and Katja Fennel
Biogeosciences, 19, 5893–5910, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Changjiang is the main terrestrial source of nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS). Nutrient delivery to the ECS has been increasing since the 1960s, resulting in low oxygen (hypoxia) during phytoplankton decomposition in summer. River phosphorus (P) has increased less than nitrogen, and therefore, despite the large nutrient delivery, phytoplankton growth can be limited by the lack of P. Here, we investigate this link between P limitation, phytoplankton production/decomposition, and hypoxia.
Stanley I. Nmor, Eric Viollier, Lucie Pastor, Bruno Lansard, Christophe Rabouille, and Karline Soetaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7325–7351, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal marine environment serves as a transition zone in the land–ocean continuum and is susceptible to episodic phenomena such as flash floods, which cause massive organic matter deposition. Here, we present a model of sediment early diagenesis that explicitly describes this type of deposition while also incorporating unique flood deposit characteristics. This model can be used to investigate the temporal evolution of marine sediments following abrupt changes in environmental conditions.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Dariia Atamanchuk, Douglas Wallace, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 18, 6271–6286, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional model of the northwestern North Atlantic shelves in combination with a surface water time series and repeat transect observations, we investigate surface CO2 variability on the Scotian Shelf. The study highlights a strong seasonal cycle in shelf-wide pCO2 and spatial variability throughout the summer months driven by physical events. The simulated net flux of CO2 on the Scotian Shelf is out of the ocean, deviating from the global air–sea CO2 flux trend in continental shelves.
Bin Wang, Katja Fennel, and Liuqian Yu
Ocean Sci., 17, 1141–1156, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1141-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1141-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that even sparse BGC-Argo profiles can substantially improve biogeochemical prediction via a priori model tuning. By assimilating satellite surface chlorophyll and physical observations, subsurface distributions of physical properties and nutrients were improved immediately. The improvement of subsurface chlorophyll was modest initially but was greatly enhanced after adjusting the parameterization for light attenuation through further a priori tuning.
Felipe S. Freitas, Philip A. Pika, Sabine Kasten, Bo B. Jørgensen, Jens Rassmann, Christophe Rabouille, Shaun Thomas, Henrik Sass, Richard D. Pancost, and Sandra Arndt
Biogeosciences, 18, 4651–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It remains challenging to fully understand what controls carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Thus, we use a model–data approach to identify patterns of organic matter reactivity at the seafloor across distinct environmental conditions. Our findings support the notion that organic matter reactivity is a dynamic ecosystem property and strongly influences biogeochemical cycling and exchange. Our results are essential to improve predictions of future changes in carbon cycling and climate.
Thomas S. Bianchi, Madhur Anand, Chris T. Bauch, Donald E. Canfield, Luc De Meester, Katja Fennel, Peter M. Groffman, Michael L. Pace, Mak Saito, and Myrna J. Simpson
Biogeosciences, 18, 3005–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Better development of interdisciplinary ties between biology, geology, and chemistry advances biogeochemistry through (1) better integration of contemporary (or rapid) evolutionary adaptation to predict changing biogeochemical cycles and (2) universal integration of data from long-term monitoring sites in terrestrial, aquatic, and human systems that span broad geographical regions for use in modeling.
Arnaud Laurent, Katja Fennel, and Angela Kuhn
Biogeosciences, 18, 1803–1822, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, and a high-resolution regional model, were evaluated by comparing historical simulations with observations in the northwest North Atlantic, a climate-sensitive and biologically productive ocean margin region. Many of the CMIP models performed poorly for biological properties. There is no clear link between model resolution and skill in the global models, but there is an overall improvement in performance in CMIP6 from CMIP5. The regional model performed best.
Haiyan Zhang, Katja Fennel, Arnaud Laurent, and Changwei Bian
Biogeosciences, 17, 5745–5761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In coastal seas, low oxygen, which is detrimental to coastal ecosystems, is increasingly caused by man-made nutrients from land. This is especially so near mouths of major rivers, including the Changjiang in the East China Sea. Here a simulation model is used to identify the main factors determining low-oxygen conditions in the region. High river discharge is identified as the prime cause, while wind and intrusions of open-ocean water modulate the severity and extent of low-oxygen conditions.
Zhengchen Zang, Z. George Xue, Kehui Xu, Samuel J. Bentley, Qin Chen, Eurico J. D'Sa, Le Zhang, and Yanda Ou
Biogeosciences, 17, 5043–5055, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5043-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5043-2020, 2020
Christopher Gordon, Katja Fennel, Clark Richards, Lynn K. Shay, and Jodi K. Brewster
Biogeosciences, 17, 4119–4134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a method for correcting errors in oxygen optode measurements on autonomous platforms in the ocean. The errors result from the relatively slow response time of the sensor. The correction method includes an in situ determination of the effective response time and requires the time stamps of the individual measurements. It is highly relevant for the BGC-Argo program and also applicable to gliders. We also explore if diurnal changes in oxygen can be obtained from profiling floats.
Bin Wang, Katja Fennel, Liuqian Yu, and Christopher Gordon
Biogeosciences, 17, 4059–4074, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess trade-offs between different types of biological observations, specifically satellite ocean color and BGC-Argo profiles and the benefits of combining both for optimizing a biogeochemical model of the Gulf of Mexico. Using all available observations leads to significant improvements in observed and unobserved variables (including primary production and C export). Our results highlight the significant benefits of BGC-Argo measurements for biogeochemical model optimization and validation.
Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Hanqin Tian, and Yuanzhi Yao
Biogeosciences, 17, 3779–3796, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past century, estuaries have experienced global (atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature) and regional changes (river inputs, land use), but their relative impact remains poorly known. In the Chesapeake Bay, we find that global and regional changes have worked together to enhance how much atmospheric CO2 is taken up by the estuary. The increased uptake is roughly equally due to the global and regional changes, providing crucial perspective for managers of the bay's watershed.
Fabian Große, Katja Fennel, Haiyan Zhang, and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 17, 2701–2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the East China Sea, hypoxia occurs frequently from spring to fall due to high primary production and subsequent decomposition of organic matter. Nitrogen inputs from the Changjiang and the open ocean have been suggested to contribute to hypoxia formation. We used a numerical modelling approach to quantify the relative contributions of these nitrogen sources. We found that the Changjiang dominates, which suggests that nitrogen management in the watershed would improve oxygen conditions.
Jens Rassmann, Eryn M. Eitel, Bruno Lansard, Cécile Cathalot, Christophe Brandily, Martial Taillefert, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 17, 13–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-13-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-13-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use a large set of measurements made using in situ and lab techniques to elucidate the cause of dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in sediments from the Rhône delta and its companion compound alkalinity, which carries the absorption capacity of coastal waters with respect to atmospheric CO2. We show that sediment processes (sulfate reduction, FeS precipitation and accumulation) are crucial in generating the alkalinity fluxes observed in this study by in situ incubation chambers.
Liuqian Yu, Katja Fennel, Bin Wang, Arnaud Laurent, Keith R. Thompson, and Lynn K. Shay
Ocean Sci., 15, 1801–1814, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1801-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1801-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first direct comparison of nonidentical versus identical twin approaches for an ocean data assimilation system. We show that the identical twin approach overestimates the value of assimilating satellite observations and undervalues the benefit of assimilating temperature and salinity profiles. Misleading assessments such as undervaluing the impact of observational assets are problematic and can lead to misguided decisions on balancing investments among different observing assets.
Ines Bartl, Dana Hellemann, Christophe Rabouille, Kirstin Schulz, Petra Tallberg, Susanna Hietanen, and Maren Voss
Biogeosciences, 16, 3543–3564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3543-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3543-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Irrespective of variable environmental settings in estuaries, the quality of organic particles is an important factor controlling microbial processes that facilitate a reduction of land-derived nitrogen loads to the open sea. Through the interplay of biogeochemical processing, geomorphology, and hydrodynamics, organic particles may function as a carrier and temporary reservoir of nitrogen, which has a major impact on the efficiency of nitrogen load reduction.
Katja Fennel, Simone Alin, Leticia Barbero, Wiley Evans, Timothée Bourgeois, Sarah Cooley, John Dunne, Richard A. Feely, Jose Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Xinping Hu, Steven Lohrenz, Frank Muller-Karger, Raymond Najjar, Lisa Robbins, Elizabeth Shadwick, Samantha Siedlecki, Nadja Steiner, Adrienne Sutton, Daniela Turk, Penny Vlahos, and Zhaohui Aleck Wang
Biogeosciences, 16, 1281–1304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We review and synthesize available information on coastal ocean carbon fluxes around North America (NA). There is overwhelming evidence, compiled and discussed here, that the NA coastal margins act as a sink. Our synthesis shows the great diversity in processes driving carbon fluxes in different coastal regions, highlights remaining gaps in observations and models, and discusses current and anticipated future trends with respect to carbon fluxes and acidification.
Angela M. Kuhn, Katja Fennel, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 7379–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies demonstrate that marine N2 fixation can be carried out without light. However, direct measurements of N2 fixation in dark environments are relatively scarce. This study uses a model that represents biogeochemical cycles at a deep-ocean location in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Different model versions are used to test assumptions about N2 fixers. Relaxing light limitation for marine N2 fixers improved the similarity between model results and observations of deep nitrate and oxygen.
Krysten Rutherford and Katja Fennel
Ocean Sci., 14, 1207–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional model of the northwestern North Atlantic shelves, we calculate transport timescales and pathways in order to understand the transport processes that underlie the rapid oxygen loss, air–sea CO2 flux, and supply of plankton seed populations on the Scotian Shelf. Study results highlight the limited connectivity between the Scotian Shelf and adjacent slope waters; instead, the dominant southwestward currents bring Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence waters to the Scotian Shelf.
Katja Fennel and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 15, 3121–3131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3121-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3121-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing human-derived nutrient inputs to coastal oceans lead to spreading dead zones around the world. Here a biogeochemical model for the northern Gulf of Mexico, where nutrients from the Mississippi River create the largest dead zone in North American coastal waters, is used for the first time to show the effects of single and dual nutrient reductions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Significant reductions in N or N&P load would be required to significantly reduce hypoxia in this system.
Christopher R. Sherwood, Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta, Courtney K. Harris, J. Paul Rinehimer, Romaric Verney, and Bénédicte Ferré
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1849–1871, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1849-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1849-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Cohesive sediment (mud) is ubiquitous in the world's coastal regions, but its behavior is complicated and often oversimplified by computer models. This paper describes extensions to a widely used open-source coastal ocean model that allow users to simulate important components of cohesive sediment transport.
Isaac D. Irby, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Fei Da, and Kyle E. Hinson
Biogeosciences, 15, 2649–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2649-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2649-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We use an estuarine-watershed modeling system of the Chesapeake Bay to examine the impact climate change may have on the ability of nutrient reduction regulations to increase dissolved oxygen. We find that climate change will move the onset of hypoxia ~7 days earlier, while also decreasing oxygen in the bay primarily due to increased temperature. While this effect is smaller than the increase in oxygen due to nutrient reduction, it is enough to limit the regulation's future effectiveness.
Jonathan Lemay, Helmuth Thomas, Susanne E. Craig, William J. Burt, Katja Fennel, and Blair J. W. Greenan
Biogeosciences, 15, 2111–2123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report a detailed mechanistic investigation of the impact of Hurricane Arthur on the CO2 cycling on the Scotian Shelf. We can show that in contrast to common thinking, the deepening of the surface during the summer months can lead to increased CO2 uptake as carbon-poor waters from subsurface water are brought up to the surface. Only during prolonged storm events is the deepening of the mixed layer strong enough to bring the (expected) carbon-rich water to the surface.
Daniele Brigolin, Christophe Rabouille, Bruno Bombled, Silvia Colla, Salvatrice Vizzini, Roberto Pastres, and Fabio Pranovi
Biogeosciences, 15, 1347–1366, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1347-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1347-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the result of a study carried out in the north-western Adriatic Sea by combining two different types of models with field sampling. A mussel farm was taken as a local source of perturbation to the natural flux of particulate organic carbon to the sediment. Differences in fluxes were primarily associated with mussel physiological conditions. Although restricted, these changes in particulate organic carbon fluxes induced visible effects on sediment biogeochemistry.
Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, John C. P. Hemmings, and Walker O. Smith Jr.
Biogeosciences, 15, 73–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-73-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-73-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Computer simulations of the highly variable phytoplankton in the Ross Sea demonstrated how incorporating data from different sources (satellite, ship, or glider) results in different system interpretations. For example, simulations assimilating satellite-based data produced lower carbon export estimates. Combining observations with models in this remote, harsh, and biologically variable environment should include consideration of the potential impacts of data frequency, duration, and coverage.
Jens Rassmann, Bruno Lansard, Lara Pozzato, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 13, 5379–5394, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5379-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5379-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In situ O2 and pH measurements as well as determination of porewater concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, sulfate and calcium have been measured in the sediments of the Rhône prodelta. Biogeochemical activity decreased with distance from the river mouth. Oxic processes decreased the carbonate saturation state (Ω) by lowering pH, whereas anaerobic organic matter degradation, dominated by sulfate reduction, was accompanied by increasing Ω and carbonate precipitation.
Zuo Xue, Ruoying He, Katja Fennel, Wei-Jun Cai, Steven Lohrenz, Wei-Jen Huang, Hanqin Tian, Wei Ren, and Zhengchen Zang
Biogeosciences, 13, 4359–4377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we used a state-of-the-science coupled physical–biogeochemical model to simulate and examine temporal and spatial variability of sea surface CO2 concentration in the Gulf of Mexico. Our model revealed the Gulf was a net CO2 sink with a flux of 1.11 ± 0.84 × 1012 mol C yr−1. We also found that biological uptake was the primary driver making the Gulf an overall CO2 sink and that the carbon flux in the northern Gulf was very susceptible to changes in river inputs.
Isaac D. Irby, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, Aaron J. Bever, Raleigh R. Hood, Lyon W. J. Lanerolle, Ming Li, Lewis Linker, Malcolm E. Scully, Kevin Sellner, Jian Shen, Jeremy Testa, Hao Wang, Ping Wang, and Meng Xia
Biogeosciences, 13, 2011–2028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2011-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2011-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A comparison of eight hydrodynamic-oxygen models revealed that while models have difficulty resolving key drivers of dissolved oxygen (DO) variability, all models exhibit skill in reproducing the variability of DO itself. Further, simple oxygen models and complex biogeochemical models reproduced observed DO variability similarly well. Future advances in hypoxia simulations will depend more on the ability to reproduce the depth of the mixed layer than the degree of the vertical density gradient.
A. Laurent, K. Fennel, R. Wilson, J. Lehrter, and R. Devereux
Biogeosciences, 13, 77–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In low oxygen environments, the lack of oxygen influences sediment biogeochemistry and in turn sediment-water fluxes. These nonlinear interactions are often missing from biogeochemical circulation models because sediment models are computationally expensive. A method for parameterizing realistic sediment-water fluxes is presented and applied to the Mississippi River Dead Zone where high primary production, stimulated by excess nutrient loads, promotes low bottom water conditions in summer.
L. Yu, K. Fennel, A. Laurent, M. C. Murrell, and J. C. Lehrter
Biogeosciences, 12, 2063–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our study suggests that a combination of physical processes and sediment oxygen consumption determine the spatial extent and temporal dynamics of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. In summer, stratification isolates oxygen-rich surface waters from hypoxic bottom waters; oxygen outgasses to the atmosphere at this time. A large fraction of primary production occurs below the pycnocline in summer, but this primary production does not strongly affect the spatial extent of hypoxic bottom waters.
K.-K. Liu, C.-K. Kang, T. Kobari, H. Liu, C. Rabouille, and K. Fennel
Biogeosciences, 11, 7061–7075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides background info on the East China Sea, Japan/East Sea and South China Sea and highlights major findings in the special issue on their biogeochemical conditions and ecosystem functions. The three seas are subject to strong impacts from human activities and/or climate forcing. Because these continental margins sustain arguably some of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, changes in these stressed ecosystems may threaten the livelihood of a large human population.
Y. Xiao and M. A. M. Friedrichs
Biogeosciences, 11, 3015–3030, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3015-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3015-2014, 2014
Z. Xue, R. He, K. Fennel, W.-J. Cai, S. Lohrenz, and C. Hopkinson
Biogeosciences, 10, 7219–7234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, 2013
W. J. Burt, H. Thomas, K. Fennel, and E. Horne
Biogeosciences, 10, 53–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-53-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-53-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Benthic Boundary Layer Processes
Scars in the abyss: reconstructing sequence, location and temporal change of the 78 plough tracks of the 1989 DISCOL deep-sea disturbance experiment in the Peru Basin
Abyssal plain hills and internal wave turbulence
Technical note: Time lag correction of aquatic eddy covariance data measured in the presence of waves
Florian Gausepohl, Anne Hennke, Timm Schoening, Kevin Köser, and Jens Greinert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1463–1493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1463-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1463-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the course of former German environmental impact studies associated with manganese-nodule mining, the DISCOL experiment was conducted in 1989 in the Peru Basin. The disturbance tracks created by a plough harrow in the area are still apparent and could be located by high-resolution mapping techniques. The analysis presented in this study reveals the age sequence and the temporal change of the tracks which facilitates more detailed sample interpretations within the area.
Hans van Haren
Biogeosciences, 15, 4387–4403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4387-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4387-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents high-resolution temperature observations and turbulence estimates from a hilly abyssal "plain" in Pacific nodule areas. Although turbulence levels are considerably lower than over steep topography, a bottom boundary layer, if existent, varies in height over scales far exceeding that of an Ekman layer. This variation is associated with internal wave motions affecting the near-bottom turbulence and thus probably the associated sediment reworking.
P. Berg, C. E. Reimers, J. H. Rosman, M. Huettel, M. L. Delgard, M. A. Reidenbach, and H. T. Özkan-Haller
Biogeosciences, 12, 6721–6735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6721-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6721-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Extracting benthic oxygen fluxes from eddy covariance data measured in the presence of wave motions requires careful consideration of the temporal alignment of the vertical velocity and the oxygen concentration. We show that substantial errors in flux estimates can arise if these two variables are not aligned correctly in time. Due to the limited time response of all oxygen sensors used today, such a misalignment cannot be entirely avoided. We finally propose a new correction for this problem.
Cited articles
Abril, G., Etcheber, H., Le Hir, P., Bassoullet, P., Boutier, B., and Frankignoulle, M.: Oxic/anoxic oscillations and organic carbon mineralization in an estuarine maximum turbidity zone (the Gironde, France), Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1304–1315, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.5.1304, 1999.
Aikman, F., Brady, D.C., Brush, M. J., Burke, P., Cerco, C. F., Fitzpatrick, J. J., and Kemp, W. M.: Modeling approaches for scenario forecasts of Gulf of Mexico hypoxia, in: White Paper from the Hypoxic Zone Modeling Technical Review Meeting, Mississippi State University Science and Technology Center, edited by: Kidwell, D., Lewitus, A., and Turner, E., NASA's Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 1–46, 2014.
Aller, R. C.: Bioturbation and remineralization of sedimentary organic matter: effects of redox oscillation, Chem. Geol., 114, 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90062-0, 1994.
Aller, R. C.: Mobile deltaic and continental shelf muds as suboxic, fluidized bed reactors, Mar. Chem., 61, 143–155, 1998.
Aller, R. C., Blair, N. E., Xia, Q., and Rude, P. D.: Remineralization rates, recycling, and storage of carbon in Amazon shelf sediments, Cont. Shelf Res., 16, 753–786, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(95)00046-1, 1996.
Almroth, E., Tengberg, A., Andersson, J. H., Pakhomova, S., and Hall, P. O. J.: Effects of resuspension on benthic fluxes of oxygen, nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, iron and manganese in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 29, 807–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.12.011, 2009.
Almroth-Rosell, E., Eilola, K., Hordoir, R., Meier, H. E. M., and Hall, P. O. J.: Transport of fresh and resuspended particulate organic material in the Baltic Sea – a model study, J. Marine Syst., 87, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.005, 2011.
Artioli, Y., Friedrich, J., Gilbert, A. J., McQuatters-Gollop, A., Mee, L. D., Vermaat, J. E., Wulff, F., Humborg, C., Palmeri, L., and Pollehne, F.: Nutrient budgets for European seas: A measure of the effectiveness of nutrient reduction policies, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 56, 1609–1617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.05.027, 2008.
Arzayus, K. and Canuel, E.: Organic matter degradation in sediments of the York River estuary: Effects of biological vs. physical mixing, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 69, 455–464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.029, 2004.
Beaulieu, S. E., Sengco, M. R., and Anderson, D. M.: Using clay to control harmful algal blooms: deposition and resuspension of clay/algal flocs, Harmful Algae, 4, 123–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2003.12.008, 2005.
Berg, P. and Huettel, M.: Integrated benthic exchange dynamics, Oceanography, 21, 164–167, 2008.
Berner, R. A.: Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA, 1980.
Bianchi, T. S., DiMarco, S. F., Cowan, J. H., Hetland, R. D., Chapman, P., Day, J. W., and Allison, M. A.: The science of hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: A review, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 1471–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.047, 2010.
Birchler, J. J.: Sediment deposition and reworking: A modeling study using isotopically tagged sediment classes, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, the College of William & Mary, 2014.
Boesch, D. F.: Continental shelf hypoxia: Some compelling answers: Comments on “Continental shelf hypoxia: Some nagging questions”, Gulf Mex. Sci., 21, 143–145, 2003.
Boudreau, B. P.: Diagenetic models and their implementation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1997.
Bourgeois, S., Pruski, A. M., Sun, M.-Y., Buscail, R., Lantoine, F., Kerhervé, P., Vétion, G., Rivière, B., and Charles, F.: Distribution and lability of land-derived organic matter in the surface sediments of the Rhône prodelta and the adjacent shelf (Mediterranean Sea, France): a multi proxy study, Biogeosciences, 8, 3107–3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3107-2011, 2011.
Bricker, S. B., Longstaff, B., Dennison, W., Jones, A., Boicourt, K., Wicks, C., and Woerner, J.: Effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation's estuaries: A decade of change, Harmful Algae, 8, 21–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.028, 2007.
Bruce, L. C., Cook, P. L. M., Teakle, I., and Hipsey, M. R.: Hydrodynamic controls on oxygen dynamics in a riverine salt wedge estuary, the Yarra River estuary, Australia, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1397–1411, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1397-2014, 2014.
Burdige, D. J.: Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments: Controls, mechanisms, and an imbalance in sediment organic carbon budgets?, Chem. Rev., 107, 467–485, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050347q, 2007.
Butman, B., Aretxabaleta, A. L., Dickhudt, P. J., Dalyander, P. S., Sherwood, C. R., Anderson, D. M., Keafer, B. A., and Signell, R. P.: Investigating the importance of sediment resuspension in Alexandrium fundyense cyst population dynamics in the Gulf of Maine, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 103, 79–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.10.011, 2014.
Capet, A., Meysman, F. J. R., Akoumianaki, I., Soetaert, K., and Grégoire, M.: Integrating sediment biogeochemistry into 3-D oceanic models: A study of benthic-pelagic coupling in the Black Sea, Ocean Model., 101, 83–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.03.006, 2016.
Caradec, S., Grossi, V., Gilbert, F., Guigue, C., and Goutx, M.: Influence of various redox conditions on the degradation of microalgal triacylglycerols and fatty acids in marine sediments, Org. Geochem., 35, 277–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.11.0006, 2004.
Cardoso, S. J., Enrich-Prast, A., Pace, M. L., and Rol, F.: Do models of organic carbon mineralization extrapolate to warmer tropical sediments?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59, 48–54, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.1.0048, 2014.
Cathalot, C., Rabouille, C., Pastor, L., Deflandre, B., Viollier, E., Buscail, R., Grémare, A., Treignier, C., and Pruski, A.: Temporal variability of carbon recycling in coastal sediments influenced by rivers: assessing the impact of flood inputs in the Rhône River prodelta, Biogeosciences, 7, 1187–1205, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1187-2010, 2010.
Cathalot, C., Rabouille, C., Tisnérat-Laborde, N., Toussaint, F., Kerhervé, P., Buscail, R., Loftis, K., Sun, M.-Y.Y., Tronczynski, J., Azoury, S., Lansard, B., Treignier, C., Pastor, L., and Tesi, T.: The fate of river organic carbon in coastal areas: A study in the Rhône River delta using multiple isotopic (δ13C, Δ14C) and organic tracers, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 118, 33–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.001, 2013.
Cerco, C. F., Kim, S.-C. C., and Noel, M. R.: Management modeling of suspended solids in the Chesapeake Bay, USA, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 116, 87–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.07.009, 2013.
Chang, M.-L. and Sanford, L. P.: Modeling the effects of tidal resuspension and deposition on early diagenesis of contaminants, Aquat. Ecosyst. Health, 8, 41–51, 2005.
Chatelain, M. and Guizien, K.: Modelling coupled turbulence - dissolved oxygen dynamics near the sediment-water interface under wind waves and sea swell, Water Res., 44, 1361–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.010, 2010.
Colella, P. and Woodward, P. R.: The piecewise parabolic method (PPM) for gas-dynamical simulations, J. Comput. Phys., 54, 174–201, 1984.
Cruzado, A. and Velasquez, Z. R.: Nutrients and phytoplankton in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean, Cont. Shelf Res., 10, 931–942, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(90)90068-W, 1990.
Curran, K. J., Hill, P. S., Milligan, T. G., Mikkelsen, O. A., Law, B. A., Durrieu de Madron, X., and Bourrin, F.: Settling velocity, effective density, and mass composition of suspended sediment in a coastal bottom boundary layer, Gulf of Lions, France, Cont. Shelf Res., 27, 1408–1421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.014, 2007.
Dedieu, K., Rabouille, C., Thouzeau, G., Jean, F., Chauvaud, L., Clavier, J., Mesnage, V., and Ogier, S.: Benthic O2 distribution and dynamics in a Mediterranean lagoon (Thau, France): An in situ microelectrode study, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 72, 393–405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.11.010, 2007.
De Gaetano, P., Doglioli, A. M., Magaldi, M. G., Vassallo, P., and Fabiano, M.: FOAM, a new simple benthic degradative module for the LAMP3D model: an application to a Mediterranean fish farm, Aquac. Res., 39, 1229–1242, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01990.x, 2008.
DiToro, D.: Sediment Flux Modeling, Wiley-Interscience, 2001.
Eldridge, P. M. and Morse, J. W.: Origins and temporal scales of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf: Importance of benthic and sub-pycnocline water metabolism, Mar. Chem., 108, 159–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.009, 2008.
Epping, E., Zee, C. Van Der, Soetaert, K., Helder, W., van der Zee, C., Soetaert, K., and Helder, W.: On the oxidation and burial of organic carbon in sediments of the Iberian margin and Nazare Canyon (NE Atlantic), Prog. Oceanogr., 52, 399–431, 2002.
Fanning, K. A., Carder, K. L., and Betzer, P. R.: Sediment resuspension by coastal waters: A potential mechanism for nutrient re-cycling on the ocean's margins, Deep-Sea Res., 29, 953–965, 1982.
Feng, Y., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Wilkin, J., Tian, H., Yang, Q., Hofmann, E. E., Wiggert, J. D., and Hood, R. R.: Chesapeake Bay nitrogen fluxes derived from a land-estuarine ocean biogeochemical modeling system: Model description, evaluation, and nitrogen budgets, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 1666–1695, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002931, 2015.
Fennel, K., Wilkin, J., Levin, J., Moisan, J., O'Reilly, J., and Haidvogel, D.: Nitrogen cycling in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Results from a three-dimensional model and implications for the North Atlantic nitrogen budget, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002456, 2006.
Fennel, K., Hu, J., Laurent, A., Marta-Almeida, M., and Hetland, R.: Sensitivity of hypoxia predictions for the northern Gulf of Mexico to sediment oxygen consumption and model nesting, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 118, 990–1002, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20077, 2013.
Ferré, B., Guizien, K., Durrieu De Madron, X., Palanques, A., Guillén, J., and Grémare, A.: Fine-grained sediment dynamics during a strong storm event in the inner-shelf of the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean), Cont. Shelf Res., 25, 2410–2427, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.08.017, 2005.
Findlay, R. H. and Watling, L.: Prediction of benthic impact for salmon net-pens based on the balance of benthic oxygen supply and demand, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 155, 147–157, 1997.
Forrest, D. R., Hetland, R. D., and DiMarco, S. F.: Corrigendum: Multivariable statistical regression models of the areal extent of hypoxia over the Texas–Louisiana continental shelf, Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 19501, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/019501, 2012.
Fuchs, R. and Pairaud, I.: Study of high frequency measurements from the MesuRho mooring, Ifremer, 1–39, 2014.
Gardner, W. D., Southard, J. B., and Hollister, C. D.: Sedimentation, resuspension and chemistry of particles in the Northwest Atlantic, Mar. Geol., 65, 199–242, 1985.
Giannakourou, A., Orlova, T. Y., Assimakopoulou, G., and Pagou, K.: Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from Thermaikos Gulf, Greece: Effects of resuspension events on vertical cyst distribution, Cont. Shelf Res., 25, 2585–2596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.08.003, 2005.
Gilbert, F., Hulth, S., Grossi, V., and Aller, R. C.: Redox oscillation and benthic nitrogen mineralization within burrowed sediments: An experimental simulation at low frequency, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 482, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.05.003, 2016.
Glud, R. N.: Oxygen dynamics of marine sediments, Mar. Biol. Res., 4, 243–289, https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000801888726, 2008.
Guillén, J., Bourrin, F., Palanques, A., Durrieu de Madron, X., Puig, P., and Buscail, R.: Sediment dynamics during wet and dry storm events on the Têt inner shelf (SW Gulf of Lions), Mar. Geol., 234, 129–142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.09.018, 2006.
Gundersen, J. K. and Jorgensen, B. B.: Microstructure of diffusive boundary layers and the oxygen uptake of the sea floor, Nature, 345, 604–607, https://doi.org/10.1038/345604a0, 1990.
Haidvogel, D. B., Arango, H. G., Hedstrom, K., Beckmann, A., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., and Shchepetkin, A. F.: Model evaluation experiments in the North Atlantic Basin: simulations in nonlinear terrain-following coordinates, Dynam. Atmos. Ocean, 32, 239–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0265(00)00049-X, 2000.
Haidvogel, D. B., Arango, H., Budgell, W. P., Cornuelle, B. D., Curchitser, E., Di Lorenzo, E., Fennel, K., Geyer, W. R., Hermann, A. J., Lanerolle, L., Levin, J., McWilliams, J. C., Miller, A. J., Moore, A. M., Powell, T. M., Shchepetkin, A. F., Sherwood, C. R., Signell, R. P., Warner, J. C., and Wilkin, J.: Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System, J. Comput. Phys., 227, 3595–3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016, 2008.
Harris, C. K. and Wiberg, P. L.: Approaches to quantifying long-term continental shelf sediment transport with an example from the Northern California STRESS mid-shelf site, Cont. Shelf Res., 17, 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(97)00017-4, 1997.
Hartnett, H. E., Keil, R. G., Hedges, J. I., and Devol, A. H.: Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon preservation in continental margin sediments, Nature, 391, 572–575, https://doi.org/10.1038/35351, 1998.
Hetland, R. D. and DiMarco, S. F.: How does the character of oxygen demand control the structure of hypoxia on the Texas–Louisiana continental shelf?, J. Mar. Syst., 70, 49–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.03.002, 2008.
Huettel, M., Berg, P., and Kostka, J. E.: Benthic exchange and biogeochemical cycling in permeable sediments, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 6, 23–51, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-051413-012706, 2014.
Jolliff, J. K., Kindle, J. C., Shulman, I., Penta, B., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Helber, R., and Arnone, R. A.: Summary diagrams for coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model skill assessment, J. Mar. Syst., 76, 64–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.014, 2009.
Jørgensen, B. B. and Revsbech, N. P.: Diffusive boundary layers and the oxygen uptake of sediments and detritus, Limnol. Oceanogr., 30, 111–122, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1985.30.1.0111, 1985.
Kemp, W. M., Testa, J. M., Conley, D. J., Gilbert, D., and Hagy, J. D.: Temporal responses of coastal hypoxia to nutrient loading and physical controls, Biogeosciences, 6, 2985–3008, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2985-2009, 2009.
Kidwell, D.: Mitigation of harmful algal blooms: The way forward, PICES Press, 23, 22–24, 2015.
Lampitt, R. S., Raine, R. C. T., Billett, D. S. M., and Rice, A. L.: Material supply to the European continental slope: A budget based on benthic oxygen demand and organic supply, Deep.-Res. Pt. I, 42, 1865–1880, 1995.
Lansard, B., Rabouille, C., Denis, L., and Grenz, C.: Benthic remineralization at the land–ocean interface: A case study of the Rhône River (NW Mediterranean Sea), Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 81, 544–554, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.11.025, 2009.
Laurent, A., Fennel, K., Wilson, R., Lehrter, J., and Devereux, R.: Parameterization of biogeochemical sediment-water fluxes using in situ measurements and a diagenetic model, Biogeosciences, 13, 77–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, 2016.
Law, B. A., Hill, P. S., Milligan, T. G., Curran, K. J., Wiberg, P. L., and Wheatcroft, R. A.: Size sorting of fine-grained sediments during erosion: Results from the western Gulf of Lions, Cont. Shelf Res., 28, 1935–1946, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.006, 2008.
Liu, X., Osher, S., and Chan, T.: Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes, J. Comput. Phys., 115, 200–212, 1994.
Liu, K. K., Yan, W., Lee, H. J., Chao, S. Y., Gong, G. C., and Yeh, T. Y.: Impacts of increasing dissolved inorganic nitrogen discharged from Changjiang on primary production and seafloor oxygen demand in the East China Sea from 1970 to 2002, J. Mar. Syst., 141, 200–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.022, 2015.
Lorrai, C., McGinnis, D. F., Berg, P., Brand, A., and Wüest, A.: Application of Oxygen Eddy Correlation in Aquatic Systems, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 27, 1533–1546, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHO723.1, 2010.
Lorthiois, T., Doxaran, D., and Chami, M.: Daily and seasonal dynamics of suspended particles in the Rhône River plume based on remote sensing and field optical measurements, Geo-Mar. Lett., 32, 89–101, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-012-0274-2, 2012.
Madsen, O. S.: Spectral wave-current bottom boundary layer flows. In Proceedings of the 24th international conference on coastal engineering, Kobe, Japan, 23–28 October 1994, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, 384–398, 1994.
Middelburg, J. J., Soetaert, K., Herman, P. M. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Denitrification in marine sediments: A model study, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 10, 661–673, 1996.
Millot, C.: The Gulf of Lions' Hydrodynamics, Cont. Shelf Res., 10, 885–894, 1990.
Miralles, J., Arnaud, M., Radakovitch, O., Marion, C., and Cagnat, X.: Radionuclide deposition in the Rhône River Prodelta (NW Mediterranean sea) in response to the December 2003 extreme flood, Mar. Geol., 234, 179–189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.09.004, 2006.
Moll, A. and Radach, G.: Review of three-dimensional ecological modelling related to the North Sea shelf system, Prog. Oceanogr., 57, 175–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(03)00067-3, 2003.
Moriarty, J. M., Harris, C. K., Fennel, K., Xu, K., Rabouille, C., and Friedrichs, M. A. M.: A Model Archive for a Coupled Hydrodynamic-Sediment Transport-Biogeochemistry Model for the Rhône River Sub-aqueous Delta, France, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, https://doi.org/10.21220/V53P4Q, 2017.
Murrell, M. C. and Lehrter, J. C.: Sediment and lower water column oxygen consumption in the seasonally hypoxic region of the Louisiana continental shelf, Estuar. Coast., 34, 912–924, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9351-9, 2011.
Pairaud, I., Répécaud, M., Ravel, C., Fuchs, R., Arnaud, M., Champelovier, A., Rabouille, C., Bombled, B., Toussaint, F., Garcia, N., Raimbault, P., Verney, R., Meulé, S., Gaufrès, P., Bonnat, A., and Cadiou, J. F.: MesuRho: plateforme instrumentée de suivi des paramètres environnementaux à l'embouchure du Rhône, in: Mesures haute résolution dans l'environnement marin côtier, edited by: Schmitt, F. G. and Lefebvre, A., Presses du CNRS, Boulogne, 73–87, 2016.
Palanques, A., Durrieu de Madron, X., Puig, P., Fabres, J., Guillén, J., Calafat, A., Canals, M., Heussner, S., and Bonnin, J.: Suspended sediment fluxes and transport processes in the Gulf of Lions submarine canyons: The role of storms and dense water cascading, Mar. Geol., 234, 43–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.09.002, 2006.
Pastor, L., Cathalot, C., Deflandre, B., Viollier, E., Soetaert, K., Meysman, F. J. R., Ulses, C., Metzger, E., and Rabouille, C.: Modeling biogeochemical processes in sediments from the Rhône River prodelta area (NW Mediterranean Sea), Biogeosciences, 8, 1351–1366, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1351-2011, 2011a.
Pastor, L., Deflandre, B., Viollier, E., Cathalot, C., Metzger, E., Rabouille, C., Escoubeyrou, K., Lloret, E., Pruski, A.M., Vétion, G., Desmalades, M., Buscail, R., and Grémare, A.: Influence of the organic matter composition on benthic oxygen demand in the Rhône River prodelta (NW Mediterranean Sea), Cont. Shelf Res., 31, 1008–1019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.03.007, 2011b.
Pinazo, C., Marsaleix, P., Millet, B., Estournel, C., and Véhil, R.: Spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass in upwelling areas of the northwestern mediterranean: a coupled physical and biogeochemical modelling approach, J. Mar. Syst., 7, 161–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(95)00028-3, 1996.
Pont, D.: Les débits solides du Rhône à proximité de son embouchure?: données récentes (1994–1995)/The discharge of suspended sediments near to the mouth of the Rhône recent statistics (1994–1995), Revue de geographie de Lyon, 72, 23–33, https://doi.org/10.3406/geoca.1997.4675, 1997.
Rabouille, C., Conley, D. J., Dai, M. H., Cai, W.-J., Chen, C. T. A., Lansard, B., Green, R., Yin, K., Harrison, P. J., Dagg, M., and McKee, B.: Comparison of hypoxia among four river-dominated ocean margins: The Changjiang (Yangtze), Mississippi, Pearl, and Rhône rivers, Cont. Shelf Res., 28, 1527–1537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.01.020, 2008.
Radakovitch, O., Charmasson, S., Arnaud, M., and Bouisset, P.: 210-Pb and Caesium accumulation in the Rhône delta sediments, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 48, 77–92, 1999.
Rassmann, J., Lansard, B., Pozzato, L., and Rabouille, C.: Carbonate chemistry in sediment porewaters of the Rhône River delta driven by early diagenesis (northwestern Mediterranean), Biogeosciences, 13, 5379–5394, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5379-2016, 2016.
Roussiez, V., Ludwig, W., Monaco, A., Probst, J.-L., Bouloubassi, I., Buscail, R., and Saragoni, G.: Sources and sinks of sediment-bound contaminants in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea): A multi-tracer approach, Cont. Shelf Res., 26, 1843–1857, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.010, 2006.
Rowe, G. T. and Chapman, P.: Continental shelf hypoxia: some nagging questions, Gulf Mex. Sci., 2, 155–160, 2002.
Shchepetkin, A. F.: A method for computing horizontal pressure-gradient force in an oceanic model with a nonaligned vertical coordinate, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3090, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001047, 2003.
Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: Correction and commentary for “Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the regional ocean modeling system” by Haidvogel et al., J. Comp. Phys., 227, 3595–3624, J. Comput. Phys., 228, 8985–9000, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.09.002, 2009.
Sherwood, C. R., Aretxabaleta, A., Harris, C. K., Rinehimer, J. P., Ferre, B., and Verney, R.: Cohesive and mixed sediment model: Extension of the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System, in preparation, 2017.
Sloth, N. P., Riemann, B., Nielsen, L. P., and Blackburn, T. H.: Resilience of pelagic and benthic microbial communities to sediment resuspension in a coastal ecosystem, Knebel Vig, Denmark, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 42, 405–415, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0027, 1996.
Smolarkiewicz, P. K. and Margolin, L. G.:MPDATA: A finite-difference solver for geophysical flows, J. Compt. Phys., 140, 459–480, 1998.
Soetaert, K., Herman, P. M. J., and Middelburg, J. J.: A model of early diagenetic processes from the shelf to abyssal depths, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 1019–1040, 1996a.
Soetaert, K., Herman, P. M. J., and Middelburg, J. J.: Dynamic response of deep-sea sediments to seasonal variations: A model, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1651–1668, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.8.1651, 1996b.
Soetaert, K., Herman, P. M. J., Middelburg, J. J., and Heip, C.: Assessing organic matter mineralization, degradability and mixing rate in an ocean margin sediment (Northeast Atlantic) by diagenetic modeling, J. Mar. Res., 56, 519–534, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224098321822401, 1998.
Soetaert, K., Middelburg, J. J., Herman, P. M. J., and Buis, K.: On the coupling of benthic and pelagic biogeochemical models, Earth Sci. Rev., 51, 173–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00004-0, 2000.
Stahlberg, C., Bastviken, D., Svensson, B., and Rahm, L: Mineralisation of organic matter in coastal sediments at different frequency and duration of resuspension, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 70, 317–325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.022, 2006.
Sun, M.-Y., Aller, R. C., Lee, C., and Wakeham, S. G.: Effects of oxygen and redox oscillation on degradation of cell-associated lipids in surficial marine sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 2003–2012, 2002.
Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7183–7192, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900719, 2001.
Tengberg, A., Almroth, E., and Hall, P.: Resuspension and its effects on organic carbon recycling and nutrient exchange in coastal sediments: in situ measurements using new experimental technology, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 285/286, 119–142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00523-3, 2003.
Tesi, T., Miserocchi, S., Goñi, M. A., and Langone, L.: Source, transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Lions, France, Mar. Chem., 105, 101–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.005, 2007.
Testa, J. M. and Kemp, W. M.: Hypoxia-induced shifts in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in Chesapeake Bay, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 835–850, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0835, 2012.
Testa, J. M., Brady, D. C., Di Toro, D. M., Boynton, W. R., Cornwell, J. C., and Kemp, W. M.: Sediment flux modeling: Simulating nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica cycles, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 131, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.06.014, 2013.
Thamdrup, B., Hansen J. W., and Jorgensen B. B.: Temperature dependence of aerobic respiration in a costal sediment, FEMS Microiol. Ecol., 25, 189–200, 1998.
Toussaint, F., Rabouille, C., Bombled, B., Abchiche, A., Aouji, O., Buchholtz, G., Clemencon, A., Geyskens, N., Repecaud, M., Pairaud, I., Verney, R., and Tisnerat-Laborde, N.: A new device to follow temporal variations of oxygen demand in deltaic sediments: the LSCE benthic station, Oceanogr. Methods, 12, 729–741, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.729, 2014.
Turner, R. E., Rabalais, N. N., and Justic, D.: Gulf of Mexico hypoxia: alternate states and a legacy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 2323–2327, 2008.
Ulses, C., Estournel, C., Durrieu de Madron, X., and Palanques, A.: Suspended sediment transport in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean): Impact of extreme storms and floods, Cont. Shelf Res., 28, 2048–2070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.01.015, 2008.
Umlauf, L. and Burchard, H.: A generic length-scale equation for geophysical turbulence models, J. Mar. Res., 61, 235–265, 2003.
van't Hoff, J. H.: Lectures on Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, Part I, Chemical Dynamics (translated by R. A. Lehfeldt), Edward Arnold, London, 1898.
Wainright, S. C. and Hopkinson, C. S.: Effects of sediment resuspension on organic matter processing in coastal environments: A simulation model, J. Mar. Syst., 11, 353–368, 1997.
Wakeham, S. G. and Ccanuel, E. A.: Degradation and preservation of organic matter in marine sediments, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2, 295–321, https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2_009, 2006.
Walsh, I., Fischer, K., Murray, D., and Dymond, J.: Evidence for resuspension of rebound particles from near-bottom sediment traps, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 35, 59–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90057-X, 1988.
Wang, J., Wei, H., Lu, Y., and Zhao, L.: Diffusive boundary layer influenced by bottom boundary hydrodynamics in tidal flows, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean, 118, 5994–6005, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC008900, 2013.
Warner, J. C., Sherwood, C. R., Signell, R. P., Harris, C. K., and Arango, H. G.: Development of a three-dimensional, regional, coupled wave, current, and sediment-transport model, Comput. Geosci., 34, 1284–1306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.012, 2008.
Wiberg, P. L. and Harris, C. K.: Desorption of p, p′-DDE from sediment during resuspension events on the Palos Verdes shelf, California: A modeling approach, Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 1005–1023, 2002.
Wijsman, J. W. M., Herman, P. M. J., Middelburg, J. J., and Soetaert, K.: A model for early diagenetic processes in sediments of the continental shelf of the Black Sea, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 54, 403–421, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0655, 2002.
Wilson, R. F., Fennel, K., and Paul Mattern, J.: Simulating sediment–water exchange of nutrients and oxygen: A comparative assessment of models against mesocosm observations, Cont. Shelf Res., 63, 69–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.05.003, 2013.
Short summary
In coastal aquatic environments, resuspension of sediment and organic material from the seabed into the overlying water can impact biogeochemistry. Here, we used a novel modeling approach to quantify this impact for the Rhône River delta. In the model, resuspension increased oxygen consumption during individual resuspension events, and when results were averaged over 2 months. This implies that observations and models that only represent calm conditions may underestimate net oxygen consumption.
In coastal aquatic environments, resuspension of sediment and organic material from the seabed...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint