Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-47-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-47-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Jan 2022
Research article |
| 03 Jan 2022
| 03 Jan 2022
Pelagic primary production in the coastal Mediterranean Sea: variability, trends, and contribution to basin-scale budgets
Paula Maria Salgado-Hernanz
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Marine Ecology, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Instituto Español Oceanografía (COB – IEO), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Aurore Regaudie-de-Gioux
ODE/DYNECO/Pelagos, Centre de Bretagne, IFREMER, I. Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Pointe du Diable BP70 29280 Plouzané, France
David Antoine
Remote Sensing and Satellite Research Group, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Gotzon Basterretxea
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Marine Ecology, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
Related authors
No articles found.
Marine Di Stefano, David Nerini, Itziar Alvarez, Giandomenico Ardizzone, Patrick Astruch, Gotzon Basterretxea, Aurélie Blanfuné, Denis Bonhomme, Antonio Calò, Ignacio Catalan, Carlo Cattano, Adrien Cheminée, Romain Crec'hriou, Amalia Cuadros, Antonio Di Franco, Carlos Diaz-Gil, Tristan Estaque, Robin Faillettaz, Fabiana C. Félix-Hackradt, José Antonio Garcia-Charton, Paolo Guidetti, Loïc Guilloux, Jean-Georges Harmelin, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Manuel Hidalgo, Hilmar Hinz, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Gabriele La Mesa, Laurence Le Diréach, Philippe Lenfant, Enrique Macpherson, Sanja Matić-Skoko, Manon Mercader, Marco Milazzo, Tiffany Monfort, Joan Moranta, Manuel Muntoni, Matteo Murenu, Lucie Nunez, M. Pilar Olivar, Jérémy Pastor, Ángel Pérez-Ruzafa, Serge Planes, Nuria Raventos, Justine Richaume, Elodie Rouanet, Erwan Roussel, Sandrine Ruitton, Ana Sabatés, Thierry Thibaut, Daniele Ventura, Laurent Vigliola, Dario Vrdoljak, and Vincent Rossi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3851–3871, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We build a compilation of early-life dispersal traits for coastal fish species. The database contains over 110 000 entries collected from 1993 to 2021 in the western Mediterranean. All observations are harmonized to provide information on dates and locations of spawning and settlement, along with pelagic larval durations. When applicable, missing data are reconstructed from dynamic energy budget theory. Statistical analyses reveal sampling biases across taxa, space and time.
Jérémy Mayen, Pierre Polsenaere, Éric Lamaud, Marie Arnaud, Pierre Kostyrka, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Philippe Geairon, Julien Gernigon, Romain Chassagne, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Aurore Regaudie de Gioux, and Philippe Souchu
Biogeosciences, 21, 993–1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an atmospheric eddy covariance system to measure continuously the net ecosystem CO2 exchanges (NEE) over a salt marsh and determine the major biophysical drivers. Our results showed an annual carbon sink mainly due to photosynthesis of the marsh plants. Our study also provides relevant information on NEE fluxes during marsh immersion by decreasing daytime CO2 uptake and night-time CO2 emissions at the daily scale, whereas the immersion did not affect the annual marsh C balance.
Gotzon Basterretxea, Joan S. Font-Muñoz, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, and Sergio A. Sañudo-Wilhelmy
Ocean Sci., 19, 973–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine global ocean color data and modeling outputs of nutrients using SOM analysis to identify characteristic spatial and temporal patterns of HNLC regions and their association with different climate modes. HNLC regions in polar and subpolar areas have experienced an increase in phytoplankton biomass over the last decades, particularly in the Southern Ocean. Our study finds that chlorophyll variations in HNLC regions respond to major climate variability signals.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Liliane Merlivat, Michael Hemming, Jacqueline Boutin, David Antoine, Vincenzo Vellucci, Melek Golbol, Gareth A. Lee, and Laurence Beaumont
Biogeosciences, 19, 3911–3920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use in situ high-temporal-resolution measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon and atmospheric parameters at the air–sea interface to analyse phytoplankton bloom initiation identified as the net rate of biological carbon uptake in the Mediterranean Sea. The shift from wind-driven to buoyancy-driven mixing creates conditions for blooms to begin. Active mixing at the air–sea interface leads to the onset of the surface phytoplankton bloom due to the relaxation of wind speed following storms.
Michael P. Hemming, Jan Kaiser, Jacqueline Boutin, Liliane Merlivat, Karen J. Heywood, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Gareth A. Lee, Marcos Cobas García, David Antoine, and Kiminori Shitashima
Ocean Sci., 18, 1245–1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An underwater glider mission was carried out in spring 2016 near a mooring in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The glider deployment served as a test of a prototype ion-sensitive field-effect transistor pH sensor. Mean net community production rates were estimated from glider and buoy measurements of dissolved oxygen and inorganic carbon concentrations before and during the spring bloom. Incorporating advection is important for accurate mass budgets. Unexpected metabolic quotients were found.
Paolo Lazzari, Stefano Salon, Elena Terzić, Watson W. Gregg, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Vincenzo Vellucci, Emanuele Organelli, and David Antoine
Ocean Sci., 17, 675–697, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-675-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-675-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Multispectral optical sensors and models are increasingly adopted to study marine systems. In this work, bio-optical mooring and biogeochemical Argo float optical observations are combined with the Ocean-Atmosphere Spectral Irradiance Model (OASIM) to analyse the variability of sunlight at the sea surface. We show that the model skill in simulating data varies according to the wavelength of light and temporal scale considered and that it is significantly affected by cloud dynamics.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Bernard Gentili, David Antoine, and David Doxaran
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1697-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1697-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light is a key ocean variable shaping the composition of benthic and pelagic communities by controlling the three-dimensional distribution of primary producers. It also plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. We provide a continuous monthly data set of the global distribution of light reaching the seabed. It is 4 times longer (21 vs 5 years) than the previous data set, the spatial resolution is better (4.6 vs 9.3 km), and the bathymetric resolution is also better (0.46 vs 3.7 km).
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1037–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2018) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Liliane Merlivat, Jacqueline Boutin, David Antoine, Laurence Beaumont, Melek Golbol, and Vincenzo Vellucci
Biogeosciences, 15, 5653–5662, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5653-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5653-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater (fCO2) was measured hourly in the surface waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea during two 3-year sequences separated by 18 years. A decrease of pH of 0.0022 yr−1 was computed. About 85 % of the accumulation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) comes from chemical equilibration with increasing atmospheric CO2; the remaining 15 % accumulation is consistent with estimates of transfer of Atlantic waters through the Gibraltar Strait.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Hervé Claustre, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford Hooker, Mati Kahru, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Hubert Loisel, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Timothy Smyth, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 235–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2012) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
D. Antoine, S. B. Hooker, S. Bélanger, A. Matsuoka, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 10, 4493–4509, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4493-2013, 2013
C. Guinet, X. Xing, E. Walker, P. Monestiez, S. Marchand, B. Picard, T. Jaud, M. Authier, C. Cotté, A. C. Dragon, E. Diamond, D. Antoine, P. Lovell, S. Blain, F. D'Ortenzio, and H. Claustre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 15–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-15-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-15-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Reviews and syntheses: Biological indicators of low-oxygen stress in marine water-breathing animals
Temperature-enhanced effects of iron on Southern Ocean phytoplankton
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth system model
The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a potential late-summer CO2 source to the atmosphere
Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
Estimates of carbon sequestration potential in an expanding Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Svalbard) affected by dark plumes of glacial meltwater
An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds
High metabolic zinc demand within native Amundsen and Ross Sea phytoplankton communities determined by stable isotope uptake rate measurements
Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area
Variable contribution of wastewater treatment plant effluents to downstream nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions
Responses of microbial metabolic rates to non-equilibrated silicate vs calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement
Distribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic equatorial estuary: the Johor River and the East Johor Strait
Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Quantification and mitigation of bottom-trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Multi-model comparison of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the northwest European continental shelf under climate change
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Assessing the impacts of simulated Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement on viability and growth of near-shore species of phytoplankton
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
The influence of zooplankton and oxygen on the particulate organic carbon flux in the Benguela Upwelling System
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred from δ13C and δ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Influence of manganese cycling on alkalinity in the redox stratified water column of Chesapeake Bay
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Drivers of particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system
Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
High metabolism and periodic hypoxia associated with drifting macrophyte detritus in the shallow subtidal Baltic Sea
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Contrasts in dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf
Michael R. Roman, Andrew H. Altieri, Denise Breitburg, Erica M. Ferrer, Natalya D. Gallo, Shin-ichi Ito, Karin Limburg, Kenneth Rose, Moriaki Yasuhara, and Lisa A. Levin
Biogeosciences, 21, 4975–5004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen-depleted ocean waters have increased worldwide. In order to improve our understanding of the impacts of this oxygen loss on marine life it is essential that we develop reliable indicators that track the negative impacts of low oxygen. We review various indicators of low-oxygen stress for marine animals including their use, research needs, and application to confront the challenges of ocean oxygen loss.
Charlotte Eich, Mathijs van Manen, J. Scott P. McCain, Loay J. Jabre, Willem H. van de Poll, Jinyoung Jung, Sven B. E. H. Pont, Hung-An Tian, Indah Ardiningsih, Gert-Jan Reichart, Erin M. Bertrand, Corina P. D. Brussaard, and Rob Middag
Biogeosciences, 21, 4637–4663, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean (SO) is often limited by low iron (Fe) concentrations. Sea surface warming impacts Fe availability and can affect phytoplankton growth. We used shipboard Fe clean incubations to test how changes in Fe and temperature affect SO phytoplankton. Their abundances usually increased with Fe addition and temperature increase, with Fe being the major factor. These findings imply potential shifts in ecosystem structure, impacting food webs and elemental cycling.
Miriam Tivig, David P. Keller, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 21, 4469–4493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biological production is highly dependent on the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Rivers are the main source of phosphorus to the oceans but poorly represented in global model oceans. We include dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus from river export in a global model ocean and find that the addition of riverine phosphorus affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Globally, riverine phosphorus input increases primary production rates.
Esdoorn Willcox, Marcos Lemes, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Johnna Marchiano Holding, and Søren Rysgaard
Biogeosciences, 21, 4037–4050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we measured the chemistry of seawater from samples obtained from different depths and locations off the east coast of the Northeast Greenland National Park to determine what is influencing concentrations of dissolved CO2. Historically, the region has always been thought to take up CO2 from the atmosphere, but we show that it is possible for the region to become a source in late summer. We discuss the variables that may be related to such changes.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3665–3676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CO2 removal method, but its environmental effects are insufficiently understood. The OAE Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) provides funding for a standardized and globally replicated microcosm experiment to study the effects of OAE on plankton communities. Here, we provide a detailed manual for the OAEPIIP experiment. We expect OAEPIIP to help build scientific consensus on the effects of OAE on plankton.
Marlena Szeligowska, Déborah Benkort, Anna Przyborska, Mateusz Moskalik, Bernabé Moreno, Emilia Trudnowska, and Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Biogeosciences, 21, 3617–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The European Arctic is experiencing rapid regional warming, causing glaciers that terminate in the sea to retreat onto land. Due to this process, the area of a well-studied fjord, Hornsund, has increased by around 100 km2 (40%) since 1976. Combining satellite and in situ data with a mathematical model, we estimated that, despite some negative consequences of glacial meltwater release, such emerging coastal waters could mitigate climate change by increasing carbon uptake and storage by sediments.
Mallory C. Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon, Brendan R. Carter, and Matthew D. Eisaman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3551–3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to store atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate. We monitored CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH to establish operational boundaries for carbon removal experiments. Results show that CO2 equilibration occurred on the order of weeks to months, was consistent with values expected from equilibration calculations, and was limited by mineral precipitation at high pH and CaCO3 saturation.
Riss M. Kell, Rebecca J. Chmiel, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. McIlvin, Tristan J. Horner, Nicole L. Schanke, Robert B. Dunbar, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2085, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Southern Ocean phytoplankton play a pivotal role in regulating the uptake and sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This study describes a new stable zinc isotope uptake rate measurement method used to quantify zinc and cadmium uptake rates within native Southern Ocean phytoplankton communities. This data can better inform biogeochemical model predictions of primary production, carbon export, and atmospheric carbon dioxide flux.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 21, 3425–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. Dissolved NO was supersaturated in the Elbe Estuary, indicating that it is a source of atmospheric NO. The observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification.
Weiyi Tang, Jeff Talbott, Timothy Jones, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 21, 3239–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of WWTPs on the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O in downstream aquatic environments is less constrained. We found spatially and temporally variable but overall higher N2O concentrations and fluxes in waters downstream of WWTPs, pointing to the need for efficient N2O removal in addition to the treatment of nitrogen in WWTPs.
Laura Marin-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, and Ulf Riebesell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1776, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study exposed a natural community to two non-CO2 equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) deployments using different minerals. Adding alkalinity in this manner decreases dissolved CO2, essential for photosynthesis. While photosynthesis was not suppressed, bloom formation was delayed, potentially impacting marine food webs. The study emphasizes the need for further research on OAE without prior equilibration and its ecological implications
Amanda Y. L. Cheong, Kogila Vani Annammala, Ee Ling Yong, Yongli Zhou, Robert S. Nichols, and Patrick Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 2955–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and dissolved organic matter for 1 year in a eutrophic tropical estuary to understand their sources and cycling. Our data show that the dissolved organic matter originates partly from land and partly from microbial processes in the water. Internal recycling is likely important for maintaining high nutrient concentrations, and we found that there is often excess nitrogen compared to silicon and phosphorus. Our data help to explain how eutrophication persists in this system.
Aaron Ferderer, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Kirralee G. Baker, Zanna Chase, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising method of atmospheric carbon removal; however, its ecological impacts remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on diatom silicification. We found that increased silicate concentrations from silicate-based OAE increased diatom silicification. In contrast, the enhancement of alkalinity had no effect on community silicification and minimal effects on the silicification of different genera.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 2705–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called ocean alkalinization enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
Biogeosciences, 21, 2547–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2335–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
Biogeosciences, 21, 2143–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows that, under a high-emission scenario, oxygen concentration in deep water of parts of the North Sea and Celtic Sea can become critically low (hypoxia) towards the end of this century. The extent and frequency of hypoxia depends on the intensity of climate change projected by different climate models. This is the result of a complex combination of factors like warming, increase in stratification, changes in the currents and changes in biological processes.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences, 21, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation, as found in coastal upwelling off Chile. We have identified the crucial role of picoplankton (> 3 µm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (trimethylamine and methylphosphonic acid) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding CH4 emission estimates.
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Jessica L. Oberlander, Mackenzie E. Burke, Cat A. London, and Hugh L. MacIntyre
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-971, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-971, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
OAE is a promising negative emission technology that could restore the oceanic pH and carbonate system to a pre-industrial state. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to assess the potential impact of OAE on phytoplankton through an analysis of prior studies and the effects of simulated OAE on photosynthetic competence. Our findings suggest that there may be little if any significant impact on most phytoplankton studied to date if OAE is conducted in well-flushed, near-shore environments.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Luisa Chiara Meiritz, Tim Rixen, Anja K. van der Plas, Tarron Lamont, and Niko Lahajnar
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-700, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-700, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transport of particles through the water column and their subsequent burial on the seafloor is an important process for carbon storage and the mediation of carbon dioxide in the oceans. Our results from the Benguela Upwelling System distinguish between the northern and southern parts of the study area and between passive (gravitational) and active (zooplankton) transport processes. The decomposition of organic matter is doubtlessly an important factor for the size of oxygen minimum zones.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, George W. Luther, Emily R. Estes, Jennifer Necker, Bradley M. Tebo, Jianzhong Su, and Wei-Jun Cai
Biogeosciences, 20, 3053–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The intensity of the oceanic trap of CO2 released by anthropogenic activities depends on the alkalinity brought by continental weathering. Between ocean and continent, coastal water and estuaries can limit or favour the alkalinity transfer. This study investigate new interactions between dissolved metals and alkalinity in the oxygen-depleted zone of estuaries.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Moritz Baumann, Allanah Joy Paul, Jan Taucher, Lennart Thomas Bach, Silvan Goldenberg, Paul Stange, Fabrizio Minutolo, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 2595–2612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking velocity of marine particles affects how much atmospheric CO2 is stored inside our oceans. We measured particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system and assessed their physical and biochemical drivers. We found that sinking velocity was mainly influenced by particle size and porosity, while ballasting minerals played only a minor role. Our findings help us to better understand the particle sinking dynamics in this highly productive marine system.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Karl M. Attard, Anna Lyssenko, and Iván F. Rodil
Biogeosciences, 20, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic plants produce a large amount of organic matter through photosynthesis that, following erosion, is deposited on the seafloor. In this study, we show that plant detritus can trigger low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in shallow coastal waters, making conditions challenging for most marine animals. We propose that the occurrence of hypoxia may be underestimated because measurements typically do not consider the region closest to the seafloor, where detritus accumulates.
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Cited articles
Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W.: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute global relief model: Procedures, data sources and analysis, NOAA Tech. Memo. NESDIS NGDC-24, (March), 19, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.769615, 2009.
Antoine, D. and André, M.: Algal pigment distribution and primary production in the eastern Mediterranean as derived from coastal zone color scanner observations, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 193–209, 1995.
Antoine, D. and Morel, A.: Oceanic primary production, 1. Adaptation of a spectral light-photosynthesis model in view of application to satellite chlorophyll observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 10, 43–55, 1996.
Antoine, D., André, J.-M. and Morel, A.: Oceanic primary production 2, Estimation at global scale from satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) chlorophyll, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 57–69, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GB02832, 1996.
Barale, V., Jaquet, J. M., and Ndiaye, M.: Algal blooming patterns and anomalies in the Mediterranean Sea as derived from the SeaWiFS data set (1998–2003), Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 3300–3313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.10.014, 2008.
Basterretxea, G., Tovar-Sanchez, A., Beck, A. J., Masqué, P., Bokuniewicz, H. J., Coffey, R., Duarte, C. M., Garcia-Orellana, J., Garcia-Solsona, E., Martinez-Ribes, L., and Vaquer-Sunyer, R.: Submarine groundwater discharge to the coastal environment of a Mediterranean island (Majorca, Spain): Ecosystem and biogeochemical significance, Ecosystems, 13, 629–643, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9334-5, 2010.
Basterretxea, G., Font-Muñoz, J. S., Salgado-Hernanz, P. M., Arrieta, J., and Hernández-Carrasco, I.: Patterns of chlorophyll interannual variability in Mediterranean biogeographical regions, Remote Sens. Environ., 215, 7–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.027, 2018.
Bauer, J. E., Cai, W., Raymond, P. A., Bianchi, T. S., Hopkinson, C. S., and Regnier, P. A. G.: The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean, Nature, 504, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12857, 2013.
Behrenfeld, M. J., O'Malley, R. T., Siegel, D. A., McClain, C. R., Sarmiento, J. L., Feldman, G. C., Milligan, A. J., Falkowski, P. G., Letelier, R. M., and Boss, E. S.: Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity, Nature, 444, 752–755, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05317, 2006.
Béjaoui, B., Ben Ismail, S., Othmani, A., Ben Abdallah-Ben Hadj Hamida, O., Chevalier, C., Feki-Sahnoun, W., Harzallah, A., Ben Hadj Hamida, N., Bouaziz, R., Dahech, S., Diaz, F., Tounsi, K., Sammari, C., Pagano, M., and Bel Hassen, M.: Synthesis review of the Gulf of Gabes (eastern Mediterranean Sea, Tunisia): Morphological, climatic, physical oceanographic, biogeochemical and fisheries features, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 219, 395–408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.01.006, 2019.
Belgrano, A., Lindahl, O., and Hernroth, B.: North Atlantic Oscillation primary productivity and toxic phytoplankton in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden (1986–1996), R. Soc. Publ., 266, 425–430, 2008.
Ben Mustapha, Z., Alvain, S., Jamet, C., Loisel, H., and Dessailly, D.: Automatic classification of water-leaving radiance anomalies from global SeaWiFS imagery: Application to the detection of phytoplankton groups in open ocean waters, Remote Sens. Environ., 146, 97–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.046, 2014.
Berthon, J. F. and Zibordi, G.: Bio-optical relationships for the northern Adriatic Sea, Int. J. Remote Sens., 25, 1527–1532, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160310001592544, 2004.
Bethoux, J. P.: Oxygen consumption, new production, vertical advection and environmental evolution in the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 769–781, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90150-7, 1989.
Béthoux, J. P., Morin, P., Chaumery, C., Connan, O., Gentili, B., and Ruiz-Pino, D.: Nutrients in the Mediterranean Sea, mass balance and statistical analysis of concentrations with respect to environmental change, Mar. Chem., 63, 155–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00059-0, 1998.
Beusen, A. H. W., Bouwman, A. F., Van Beek, L. P. H., Mogollón, J. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum, Biogeosciences, 13, 2441–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, 2016.
Boldrin, A., Miserocchi, S., Rabitti, S., Turchetto, M. M., Balboni, V., and Socal, G.: Particulate matter in the southern Adriatic and Ionian Sea: Characterisation and downward fluxes, J. Marine Syst., 33–34, 389–410, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00068-4, 2002.
Bosc, E., Bricaud, A., and Antoine, D.: Seasonal and interannual variability in algal biomass and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea, as derived from 4 years of SeaWiFS observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002034, 2004.
Bricaud, A., Bosc, E., and Antoine, D.: Algal biomass and sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Basin, Remote Sens. Environ., 81, 163–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00335-2, 2002.
Cai, W.: Estuarine and coastal ocean Carbon paradox: CO2 sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon incineration?, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3, 123–45, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142723, 2011.
Campbell, J., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R., Arrigo, K., Balch, W., Barber, R., Behrenfeld, M., Bidigare, R., Bishop, J., Carr, M., Esaias, W., Falkowski, P., Hoepffner, N., Iverson, R., Kiefer, D., Lohrenz, S., and Marra, J.: Comparison of algorithms for estimating ocean primary production from surface chlorophyll, temperature, and irradiance, Global Biochem. Cy., 16, 419–422, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/7.1.57, 2002.
Capuzzo, E., Lynam, C. P., Barry, J., Stephens, D., Forster, R. M., Greenwood, N., McQuatters-Gollop, A., Silva, T., van Leeuwen, S. M., and Engelhard, G. H.: A decline in primary production in the North Sea over 25 years, associated with reductions in zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment, Glob. Chang. Biol., 24, e352–e364, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13916, 2018.
Carlson, C. A., Bates, N. R., Hansell, D. A., and Steinberg, D. K.: Carbon cycle, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 390–400, Elsevier Ltd., 2001.
Carr, M. E., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Schmeltz, M., Noguchi Aita, M., Antoine, D., Arrigo, K. R., Asanuma, I., Aumont, O., Barber, R., Behrenfeld, M., Bidigare, R., Buitenhuis, E. T., Campbell, J., Ciotti, A., Dierssen, H., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Esaias, W., Gentili, B., Gregg, W., Groom, S., Hoepffner, N., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Le Quéré, C., Lohrenz, S., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Moore, K., Morel, A., Reddy, T. E., Ryan, J., Scardi, M., Smyth, T., Turpie, K., Tilstone, G., Waters, K., and Yamanaka, Y.: A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 53, 741–770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.028, 2006.
Cebrian, J.: Variability and control of carbon consumption, export, and accumulation in marine communities, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 11–22, 2002.
Charantonis, A. A., Badran, F., and Thiria, S.: Retrieving the evolution of vertical profiles of Chlorophyll-a from satellite observations using Hidden Markov Models and Self-Organizing Topological Maps, Remote Sens. Environ., 163, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.019, 2015.
Chassot, E., Bonhommeau, S., Dulvy, N. K., Mélin, F., Watson, R., Gascuel, D., and Le Pape, O.: Global marine primary production constrains fisheries catches, Ecol. Lett., 13, 495–505, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01443.x, 2010.
Chavez, F. P., Messi, M., and Pennington, J. T.: Marine primary production in relation to climate bariability and change, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3, 227–260, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163917, 2011.
Civitarese, G., Gačić, M., Lipizer, M., and Eusebi Borzelli, G. L.: On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean), Biogeosciences, 7, 3987–3997, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3987-2010, 2010.
Cloern, J. E. and Jassby, A. D.: Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land-sea interface, Ecol. Lett., 11, 1294–1303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01244.x, 2008.
Cloern, J. E., Jassby, A. D., Thompson, J. K., and Hieb, K. A.: A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 18561–18565, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104, 2007.
Cole, J. J., Prairie, Y. T., Caraco, N. F., Mcdowell, W. H., Tranvik, L. J., Striegl, R. G., Duarte, C. M., Kortelainen, P., Downing, J. A., Middelburg, J. J. and Melack, J.: Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget, Ecosystems, 10, 171–184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8, 2007.
Colella, S., D'Ortenzio, F., Marullo, S., Santoleri, R.,
Ragni, M., and D'Alcala, M. R.: Primary production variability in
the Mediterranean Sea from SeaWiFS data, in: Primary production
variability in the Mediterranean Sea from SeaWiFS data, vol. 5233,
pp. 371–383, Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for
Optical Engineering., 2003.
Colella, S., Falcini, F., Rinaldi, E., Sammartino, M., and Santoleri, R.: Mediterranean ocean colour chlorophyll trends, PLoS One, 11, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155756, 2016.
Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J. G., Kaschner, K., Froglia, C., Guilhaumon, F., Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Ben, F., Lasram, R., Ballesteros, E., Bianchi, C. N., Corbera, J., Dailianis, T., Kesner-reyes, K., Kitsos, M., Rius-barile, J., Martin, D., Mouillot, D., Oro, D., Turon, X., Villanueva, R., and Voultsiadou, E.: The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, patterns and threats, PLoS One, 5, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011842, 2010.
Conan, P., Pujo-Pay, M., Raimbault, P., and Leveau, M.: Variabilité hydrologique et biologique du golfe du Lion. II. Productivité sur le bord interne du courant, Oceanol. Acta, 21, 767–782, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(99)80004-8, 1998.
Conley, D. J., Paerl, H. W., Howarth, R. W., Boesch,
D. F., Seitzinger, S. P., Havens, K. E., Lancelot, C., and Likens,
G. E.: Controlling Eutrophication: Nitrogen and Phosphorus, Science
323, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167755, 2009.
Cramer, W., Guiot, J., Fader, M., Garrabou, J., Gattuso, J. P., Iglesias, A., Lange, M. A., Lionello, P., Llasat, M. C., Paz, S., Peñuelas, J., Snoussi, M., Toreti, A., Tsimplis, M. N., and Xoplaki, E.: Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean, Nat. Clim. Chang., 8, 972–980, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0299-2, 2018.
Criado-Aldeanueva, F. and Soto-Navarro, F. J.: The mediterranean oscillation teleconnection index: Station-based versus principal component paradigms, Adv. Meteorol., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/738501, 2013.
Cushman-Roisin, B., Gačić, M., Poulain, P.-M. and Artegiani, A.: Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea. Past, Present and Future, Kluwer Academic Publishers., 2001.
D'Alimonte, D. and Zibordi, G.: Phytoplankton determination in an optically complex coastal region using a multilayer perceptron neural network, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 41, 2861–2868, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.817682, 2003.
Deegan, L. A., Johnson, D. S., Warren, R. S., Peterson, B. J., Fleeger, J. W., Fagherazzi, S., and Wollheim, W. M.: Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss, Nature, 490, 388–392, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11533, 2012.
Djakovac, T., Degobbis, D., Supic, N., Precali, R., Supić, N., and Precali, R.: Marked reduction of eutrophication pressure in the northeastern Adriatic in the period 2000–2009, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 115, 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.03.029, 2012.
Drira, Z., Hamza, A., Belhassen, M., and Ayadi, H.: Dynamics of dinoflagellates and environmental factors during the summer in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea), Sci. Mar., 72, 59–71, 2008.
Ducklow, H. W., Steinberg, D. K., and Buesseler, K. O.: Upper ocean carbon export and the Biological Pump, Oceanography, 14, 50–58, 2001.
Ducklow, H. and McCallister, S. L.: The biogeochemistry of carbon dioxide in the coastal oceans, in The sea, Harvard University Press, 13, 269–315, 2004.
Dunne, J. P., Sarmiento, J. L., and Gnanadesikan, A.: A synthesis of global particle export from the surface ocean and cycling through the ocean interior and on the seafloor, Global Biochem. Cy., 21, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002907, 2007.
Durrieu De Madron, X., Houpert, L., Puig, P., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Testor, P., Bosse, A., Estournel, C., Somot, S., Bourrin, F., Bouin, M. N., Beauverger, M., Beguery, L., Calafat, A., Canals, M., Cassou, C., Coppola, L., Dausse, D., D'Ortenzio, F., Font, J., Heussner, S., Kunesch, S., Lefevre, D., Le Goff, H., Martín, J., Mortier, L., Palanques, A., and Raimbault, P.: Interaction of dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection in the northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2012, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1379–1385, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50331, 2013.
EEA: Europe's Environment – The Dobris Assessment, available from: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-826-5409-5 (last access: 1 October 2020), 1995.
Efthymiadis, D., Goodess, C. M., and Jones, P. D.: Trends in Mediterranean gridded temperature extremes and large-scale circulation influences, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2199–2214, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2199-2011, 2011.
Estrada, M.: Primary production in the northwestern Mediterranean, Sci. Mar., 60, 55–64, 1996.
Farikou, O., Sawadogo, S., Niang, A., Diouf, D., Brajard, J., Mejia, C., Dandonneau, Y., Gasc, G., Crepon, M., and Thiria, S.: Inferring the seasonal evolution of phytoplankton groups in the Senegalo-Mauritanian upwelling region from satellite ocean-color spectral measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 6581–6601, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010738, 2015.
Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J. and Randerson, J. T.: Primary Production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components, Science, 281, 237–240, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.237, 1998.
Friedrichs, M. A. M., Carr, M., Barber, R. T., Scardi, M., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Behrenfeld, M. J., Buitenhuis, E. T., Chai, F., Christian, J. R., Ciotti, A. M., Doney, S. C., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Gentili, B., Gregg, W., Hoepffner, N., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Lima, I., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Moore, J. K., Morel, A., Malley, R. T. O., Reilly, J. O., Saba, V. S., Schmeltz, M., Smyth, T. J., Tjiputra, J., Waters, K., Westberry, T. K., and Winguth, A.: Assessing the uncertainties of model estimates of primary productivity in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Marine Syst., 76, 113–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.010, 2009.
Font, J., Puig, P., Salat, J., Palanques, A., and Emelianov, M.: Sequence of hydrographic changes in NW mediterranean deep water due to the exceptional winter of 2005, Sci. Mar., 71, 339–346, https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n2339, 2007.
Garcia-gorriz, E. and Carr, M. E.: Physical control of phytoplankton distributions in the Alboran Sea: A numerical and satellite approach, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 106, 16795–16805, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc000029, 2001.
Gasol, J. M., Cardelús, C., Morán, X. A. G., Balagué, V., Forn, I., Marrasé, C., Massana, R., Pedrós-Alió, C., Sala, M. M., Simó, R., Vaqué, D., and Estrada, M.: Seasonal patterns in phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters and primary production at a coastal NW Mediterranean site | Regularidades estacionales en la producción primaria y los parámetros fotosintéticos en una estación costera del NO Mediterráneo, Sci. Mar., 80, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04480.06E, 2016.
Gattuso, J. P., Frankignoulle, M., and Wollast, R.: Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 405–434, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.405, 1998.
Giani, M., Djakovac, T., Degobbis, D., Cozzi, S., Solidoro, C., and Umani, S. F.: Recent changes in the marine ecosystems of the northern Adriatic Sea, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 115, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.023, 2012.
Goffart, A., Hecq, J. H., and Legendre, L.: Changes in the development of the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Calvi (NW Mediterranean) over the last two decades: A response to changing climate?, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 236, 45–60, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps236045, 2002.
Grbec, B., Morović, M., Beg Paklar, G., Kušpilić, G., Matijević, S., Matić, F., and Gladan, Ž. N.: The relationship between the atmospheric variability and productivity in the adriatic Sea area, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 89, 1549–1558, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409000708, 2009.
Gregg, W. W., Conkright, M. E., Ginoux, P., O'Reilly, J. E., and Casey, N. W.: Ocean primary production and climate: Global decadal changes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 10–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL016889, 2003.
Hamza-Chaffai, A., Amiard-Triquet, C., and El Abed, A.: Metallothionein-like protein: Is it an efficient biomarker of metal contamination? A case study based on fish from the Tunisian coast, Arch. Environ. Con. Tox., 33, 53–62, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900223, 1997.
Hernández-Carrasco, I. and Orfila, A.: The Role of an Intense Front on the Connectivity of the Western Mediterranean Sea: The Cartagena-Tenes Front, J. Geophys. Res. Ocean., 123, 4398–4422, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013613, 2018.
Henson, S. A., Sarmiento, J. L., Dunne, J. P., Bopp, L., Lima, I., Doney, S. C., John, J., and Beaulieu, C.: Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity, Biogeosciences, 7, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-621-2010, 2010.
Herut, B., Collier, R., and Krom, M. D.: The role of dust in supplying nitrogen and phosphorus to the Southeast Mediterranean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 870–878, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0870, 2002.
Hurrell, J. W.: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation, Science, 269, 7–10, 1995.
Hurrell, J. W. and Van Loon, H.: Decadal variations in climate associated with the North Atlantic oscillation, Clim. Change, 36, 301–326, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005314315270, 1997.
Kahru, M., Brotas, V., Manzano-Sarabia, M., and Mitchell, B. G.: Are phytoplankton blooms occurring earlier in the Arctic?, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1733–1739, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02312.x, 2011.
Katlane, R., Nechad, B., Ruddick, K., and Zargouni, F.: Optical remote sensing of turbidity and total suspended matter in the Gulf of Gabes, Arab. J. Geosci., 6, 1527–1535, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0438-9, 2011.
Kohonen, T.: Self-organized Formation of topologically correct feature maps, Biol. Cybern., 43, 59–69, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337288, 1982.
Kohonen, T.: Self-Organizing Maps, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelbergh, Berlin Heidelberg, 2001.
Kress, N. and Herut, B.: Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): Chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N: P ratios, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 2347–2372, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00022-X, 2001.
Lacroix, G. and Nival, P.: Influence of meteorological variability on primary production dynamics in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea) with a 1D hydrodynamic/biological model, J. Marine Syst., 16, 23–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(97)00098-5, 1998.
Laws, E. A., Falkowski, P. G., Smith, W. O., Ducklow, H., and McCarthy, J. J.: Temperature effects on export production in the open ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 1231–1246, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001229, 2000.
Laws, E. A., D'Sa, E., and Naik, P.: Simple equations to estimate ratios of new or export production to total production from satellite-derived estimates of sea surface temperature and primary production, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 9, 593–601, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2011.9.593, 2011.
Lazzari, P., Solidoro, C., Ibello, V., Salon, S., Teruzzi, A., Béranger, K., Colella, S., and Crise, A.: Seasonal and inter-annual variability of plankton chlorophyll and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea: a modelling approach, Biogeosciences, 9, 217–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-217-2012, 2012.
Lionello, P. and Scarascia, L.: The relation between climate change in the Mediterranean region and global warming, Reg. Environ. Change, 18, 1481–1493, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1290-1, 2018.
Liu, K.-K., Iseki, K., and Chao, Y.: Continental margin
carbon fluxes, in The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm
Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Hanson, R. B.,
Ducklow, H. W., and Field, J. G. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press., 2000.
Liu, Y. and Weisberg, R. H.: Patterns of ocean current variability on the West Florida Shelf using the self-organizing map, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002786, 2005.
Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H. H., and Mooers, C. N. K. N. K.: Performance evaluation of the self-organizing map for feature extraction, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 111, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003117, 2006.
Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R. A., and Talaue-McManus, L.: Biogeochemistry of continental margins in a global context, in Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins, GlobalChange – The IGBP Series, Springer-Verlag, 2010.
Lohrenz, S. E., Wiesenburg, D. A., DePalma, I. P., Johnson, K. S., and Gustafson, D. E.: Interrelationships among primary production, chlorophyll, and environmental conditions in frontal regions of the western Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 35, 793–810, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90031-3, 1988.
Ludwig, W., Dumont, E., Meybeck, M., and Heussner, S.: River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean and Black Sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades?, Prog. Oceanogr., 80, 199–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.02.001, 2009.
Macias, D. M., Garcia-Gorriz, E., and Stips, A.: Productivity changes in the Mediterranean Sea for the twenty-first century in response to changes in the regional atmospheric forcing, Front. Mar. Sci., 2, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00079, 2015.
Macias, D., Garcia-Gorriz, E., and Stips, A.: Major fertilization sources and mechanisms for Mediterranean Sea coastal ecosystems, Limnol. Oceanogr., 63, 897–914, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10677, 2017.
Marshall, J., Kushnir, Y., Battisti, D., Chang, P., Czaja, A., Dickson, R., Hurrell, J., McCartney, M., Saravanan, R., Visbeck, M., Robert, D., Hurrel, J., McCartney, M., Saravanan, R., and Visbeck, M.: Review: North Atlantic climate variability: Phenomena, impacts and mechanisms, Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1863–1898, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.693, 2001.
Martínez-Asensio, A., Marcos, M., Tsimplis, M. N., Gomis, D., Josey, S., and Jordà, G.: Impact of the atmospheric climate modes on Mediterranean sea level variability, Global Planet Change, 118, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.03.007, 2014.
Marty, J. C.: The DYFAMED time-series program (French-JGOFS), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 1963–1964, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00021-8, 2002.
Marty, J. C. and Chiavérini, J.: Hydrological changes in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean, DYFAMED site) during 1995–2007 and biogeochemical consequences, Biogeosciences, 7, 2117–2128, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2117-2010, 2010.
Marty, J. C., Chiavérini, J., Pizay, M. D., and Avril, B.: Seasonal and interannual dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton pigments in the western Mediterranean Sea at the DYFAMED time-series station (1991–1999), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 1965–1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00022-X, 2002.
Massey, F. J., Frank, J., and Maseey, J.: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Goodness of Fit, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 46, 68–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(90)90051-U, 1951.
Micheli, F., Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Ciriaco, S., Ferretti, F., Fraschetti, S., Lewison, R., Nykjaer, L., and Rosenberg, A. A.: Cumulative human impacts on Mediterranean and Black Sea marine ecosystems: Assessing current pressures and opportunities, PLoS One, 8, e79889, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079889, 2013.
Mihanović, H., Vilibić, I., Carniel, S., Tudor, M., Russo, A., Bergamasco, A., Bubić, N., Ljubešić, Z., Viličić, D., Boldrin, A., Malačič, V., Celio, M., Comici, C., and Raicich, F.: Exceptional dense water formation on the Adriatic shelf in the winter of 2012, Ocean Sci., 9, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-561-2013, 2013.
Molinero, J. C., Ibanez, F., Nival, P., Buecher, E., and Souissi, S.: North Atlantic climate and northwestern Mediterranean plankton variability, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1213–1220, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1213, 2005.
Morán, X. A. G. and Estrada, M.: Short-term variability of photosynthetic parameters and particulate and dissolved primary production in the Alboran sea (SW Mediterranean), Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 212, 53–67, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps212053, 2001.
Morel, A.: Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications, Prog. Oceanogr., 26, 263–306, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90004-6, 1991.
Morel, A. and André, J.-M.: Pigment distribution and primary production in the Western Mediterranean as derived and modeled from Coastal Zone Color Scanner Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 685–698, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC00466, 1991.
Morel, A. and Berthon, J.-F.: Surface pigments, algal biomass profiles, and potential production of the euphotic layer: Relationships reinvestigated in view of remote-sensing applications, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1545–1562, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.8.1545, 1989.
Morel, A. and Maritorena, S.: Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: A reappraisal, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 106, 7163–7180, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000319, 2001.
Morel, A., Antoine, D., Babin, M., and Dandonneau, Y.: Measured and modeled primary production in the northeast Atlantic (EUMELI JGOFS program): The impact of natural variations in photosynthetic parameters on model predictive skill, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 43, 1273–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(96)00059-3, 1996.
Morel, A., Gentili, B., Chami, M., and Ras, J.: Bio-optical properties of high chlorophyll Case 1 waters and of yellow-substance-dominated Case 2 waters, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 53, 1439–1459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2006.07.007, 2006.
Moutin, T. and Raimbault, P.: Primary production, carbon export and nutrients availability in western and eastern Mediterranean Sea in early summer 1996 (MINOS cruise), J. Marine Syst., 33–34, 273–288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00062-3, 2002.
Muller-Karger, F. E., Varela, R., Thunell, R., Luerssen, R., Hu, C., and Walsh, J. J.: The importance of continental margins in the global carbon cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 10–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021346, 2005.
Nixon, S. W.: Replacing the Nile: Are anthropogenic nutrients providing the fertility once brought to the Mediterranean by a great river?, Ambio A J. Hum. Environ., 32, 30–39, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-32.1.30, 2003.
Nixon, S. W.: The Artificial Nile: The Aswan High Dam blocked and diverted nutrients and destroyed a Mediterranean fishery, but human activities may have revived it, Am. Sci., 92, 158–165, 2004.
Nykjaer, L.: Mediterranean Sea surface warming 1985–2006, Clim. Res., 39, 11–17, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00794, 2009.
O'Reilly, J. and Sherman, K.: Chapter 5.1. Primary productivity patterns and trends, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 2016.
Pace, M. L., Knauer, G. A., Karl, D. M., and Martin, J. H.: Primary production, new production and vertical flux in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Nature, 325, 803–804, https://doi.org/10.1038/325803a0, 1987.
Paerl, H. w., Willey, J. D., Go, M., Peierls, B. L., Pinckney, J. L., and Fogel, M. L.: Rainfall stimulation of primary production in western Atlantic Ocean waters: roles of different nitrogen sources and CO-limiting nutrients, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 176, 205–214, 1999.
Palutikof, J.: Analysis of Mediterranean Climate Data:
Measured and Modelled, in Mediterranean Climate: Variability and
Trends, H. J. Bolle (Ed.), 125–132, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2003.
Pastor, F., Valiente, J. A. and Palau, J. L.: Sea Surface Temperature in the Mediterranean: Trends and Spatial Patterns (1982-2016), Pure Appl. Geophys., 175, 4017–4029, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1739-z, 2017.
Pauly, D. and Christensen, V.: Primary production required to sustain global fisheries, Lett. to Nat., 374, 255–257, 1995.
Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Guénette, S., Pitcher, T. J., Sumaila, U. R., Walters, C. J., Watson, R., and Zeller, D.: Towards sustainability in world fisheries, Nat. Publ. Gr., 418, 689–695, 2002.
Pinardi, N., Zavatarelli, M., Arneri, E., Crise, A., and
Ravaioli, M.: Chapter 32. The physical, sedimentary and ecological
structure and variability of shelf areas in the Mediterranean Sea
(27,S), in: The Sea. The Global Coastal Ocean, vol. 14,
Robinson, A. R. and Brink, K. H. (Eds.), pp. 1243–1272., 2006.
Piroddi, C., Coll, M., Liquete, C., Macias, D., Greer, K., Buszowski, J., Steenbeek, J., Danovaro, R., and Christensen, V.: Historical changes of the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem: Modelling the role and impact of primary productivity and fisheries changes over time, Sci. Rep., 7, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44491, 2017.
Powley, H. R., Dürr, H. H., Lima, A. T., Krom, M. D., and Van Cappellen, P.: Direct Discharges of Domestic Wastewater are a Major Source of Phosphorus and Nitrogen to the Mediterranean Sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 8722–8730, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01742, 2016.
Pugnetti, A., Bazzoni, A. M., Beran, A., Bernardi Aubry, F., Camatti, E., Celussi, M., Coppola, J., Crevatin, E., Del Negro, P., and Paoli, A.: Changes in biomass structure and trophic status of the plankton communities in a highly dynamic ecosystem (Gulf of Venice, Northern Adriatic Sea), Mar. Ecol., 29, 367–374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2008.00237.x, 2008.
Rahav, E., Herut, B., Levi, A., Mulholland, M. R., and Berman-Frank, I.: Springtime contribution of dinitrogen fixation to primary production across the Mediterranean Sea, Ocean Sci., 9, 489–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-489-2013, 2013.
Raicich, F., Malacic, V., Celio, M., Giaiotti, D., Cantoni, C., Colucci, R. R., Cermelj, B., and Pucillo, A.: Extreme air-sea interactions in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic) during the strong Bora event in winter 2012, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 5238–5250, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20398, 2013a.
Raicich, F., Malačič, V., Celio, M., Giaiotti, D., Cantoni, C., Colucci, R. R., Čermelj, B., and Pucillo, A.: Extreme air-sea interactions in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic) during the strong Bora event in winter 2012, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 5238–5250, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20398, 2013b.
Regaudie-de-Gioux, A., Vaquer-Sunyer, R., and Duarte, C. M.: Patterns in planktonic metabolism in the Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 6, 3081–3089, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-3081-2009, 2009.
Rodellas, V., Garcia-Orellana, J., Masqué, P., Feldman, M., Weinstein, Y., and Boyle, E. A.: Submarine groundwater discharge as a major source of nutrients to the Mediterranean Sea, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 3926–3930, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419049112, 2015.
Ryan, J.: Crop nutrients for sustainable agricultural production in the drought-stressed mediterranean region, J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 10, 295–306, 2008.
Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Behrenfeld, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Dowell, M., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J. W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Morel, A., O'Reilly, J., Scardi, M., Smith Jr., W. O., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Uitz, J., Waters, K., and Westberry, T. K.: An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe, Biogeosciences, 8, 489–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-489-2011, 2011.
Salgado-Hernanz, P. M., Racault, M. F., Font-Muñoz, J. S., and Basterretxea, G.: Trends in phytoplankton phenology in the Mediterranean Sea based on ocean-colour remote sensing, Remote Sens. Environ., 221, 50–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.036, 2019.
Salmi, T., Maatta, A., Anttila, P., Ruoho-Airola, T., and Amnell, T.: Detecting Trends of Annual Values of Atmospheric Pollutants by the Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Solpe Estimates the Excel Template Application MAKESENS, 2002.
Schroeder, K., Ribotti, A., Borghini, M., Sorgente, R., Perilli, A., and Gasparini, G. P.: An extensive western Mediterranean deep water renewal between 2004 and 2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035146, 2008.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall ' s Tau Pranab Kumar Sen, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389, 1968.
Simpson, J. H.: Physical processes in the ROFI regime, J. Marine Syst., 12, 3–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00085-1, 1997.
Skoulikidis, N. T., Economou, A. N., Gritzalis, K. C., and Zogaris, S.: Rivers of the Balkans, in Rivers of Europe, 421–466, Elsevier Ltd., 2009.
Smith, S. V. and Hollibaugh, J. T.: Coastal Metabolism and the Oceanic Organic Carbon Balance, Rev. Geophys., 31, 75–89, 1993.
ŠoliŠ, M., Krstulović, N., VilibiŠ, I., KušpiliŠ, G., ŠŠestanoviŠ, S., Šanti'c, D., and Ordulj, M.: The role of water mass dynamics in controlling bacterial abundance and production in the middle Adriatic Sea, Mar. Environ. Res., 65, 388–404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.01.004, 2008.
Sournia, A.: La production primaire planctonique en Méditerranée: Essai de mise à jour. Bulletin Etude en Commun de la Méditerranée, 5, 128pp., 1973.
Stambler, N.: The Mediterranean Sea – Primary
Productivity, in: The Mediterranean Sea: Its history and present
challenges, Goffredo, S. and Dubinsky, Z., (Eds.), pp. 113–121, Springer, 2014.
Tiselius, P., Belgrano, A., Andersson, L., and Lindahl, O.: Primary productivity in a coastal ecosystem: A trophic perspective on a long-term time series, J. Plankton Res., 38, 1092–1102, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbv094, 2016.
Tockner, K., Uehlinger, U., and Robinson, C.: Rivers of Europe, 1st ed., Academic Press, Elsevier., 2008.
Törnros, T.: On the relationship between the Mediterranean Oscillation and winter precipitation in the Southern Levant, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 14, 287–293, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.450, 2013.
Tovar-Sánchez, A., Basterretxea, G., Rodellas, V., Sánchez-Quiles, D., García-Orellana, J., Masqué, P., Jordi, A., López, J. M., and Garcia-Solsona, E.: Contribution of groundwater discharge to the coastal dissolved nutrients and trace metal concentrations in Majorca Island: Karstic vs. detrital systems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11819–11827, https://doi.org/10.1021/es502958t, 2014.
Tovar-Sánchez, A., Basterretxea, G., Ben Omar, M., Jordi, A., Sánchez-Quiles, D., Makhani, M., Mouna, D., Muya, C., and Anglès, S.: Nutrients, trace metals and B-vitamin composition of the Moulouya River: A major North African river discharging into the Mediterranean Sea, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 176, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.006, 2016.
Trigo, R., Xoplaki, E., Zorita, E., Luterbacher, J.,
Krichak, S. O., Alpert, P., Jucundus, J., Sáens, J.,
Fernández, J., González-Rouco, F., Garcia-Herrera, R., Rodo,
X., Brunetti, M., Nanni, T., Maugeri, M., Türkes, M., Gimeno,
L., Ribera, P., Brunet, M., Trigo, I. F., Crepon, M., and Mariotti,
A.: Relations between Variability in the Mediterranean Region and
Mid-Latitude Variability, in: Developements in Earth and
Environmental Sciences: Mediterranean., Lionello, P. ,
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., and Boscolo, R., (Eds.), 179–226, Elsevier., 2006.
Turley, C. M.: The changing Mediterranean Sea – A sensitive ecosystem?, Prog. Oceanogr., 44, 387–400, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00033-6, 1999.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Morel, A., and Hooker, S. B.: Vertical distribution of phytoplankton communities in open ocean: An assessment based on surface chlorophyll, J. Geophys. Res. Ocean., 111, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003207, 2006.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Gentili, B., and Stramski, D.: Phytoplankton class-specific primary production in the world's oceans: Seasonal and interannual variability from satellite observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003680, 2010.
Umani, S. F.: Pelagic production and biomass in the Adriatic Sea, Sci. Mar., 60, 65–77, 1996.
Umani, S. F., Del Negro, P., Larato, C., De Vittor, C., Cabrini, M., Celio, M., Falconi, C., Tamberlich, F., and Azam, F.: Major inter-annual variations in microbial dynamics in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) and their ecosystem implications, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 46, 163–175, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame046163, 2007.
Van Wambeke, F., Lefèvre, D., Prieur, L., Sempéré, R., Bianchi, M., Oubelkheir, K., and Bruyant, F.: Distribution of microbial biomass, production, respiration, dissolved organic carbon and factors controlling bacterial production across a geostrophic front (Almeria-Oran, SW Mediterranean Sea), Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 269, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps269001, 2004.
Vesanto, J., Alhoniemi, E., and Member, S.: Clustering of the Self-Organizing Map, IEEE T. Neural Networ., 11, 586–600, 2000a.
Vesanto, J., Himberg, J., Alhoniemi, E., and
Parhankangas, J.: SOM Toolbox for Matlab 5, (Report A57). Hensinki
University of Technological, Espoo, Finland, 2000b.
Vidussi, F., Claustre, H., Manca, B. B., Luchetta, A., and Marty, J.-C.: Phytoplankton pigment distribution in relation to upper thermocline circulation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during winter, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 939–956, 2001.
Vilibić, I., Matijević, S., Šepić, J., and Kušpilić, G.: Changes in the Adriatic oceanographic properties induced by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, Biogeosciences, 9, 2085–2097, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2085-2012, 2012.
Volpe, G., Colella, S., Brando, V. E., Forneris, V., La Padula, F., Di Cicco, A., Sammartino, M., Bracaglia, M., Artuso, F., and Santoleri, R.: Mediterranean ocean colour Level 3 operational multi-sensor processing, Ocean Sci., 15, 127–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-127-2019, 2019.
Wang, X. T., Cohen, A. L., Luu, V., Ren, H., Su, Z.,
Haug, G. H., and Sigman, D. M.: Natural forcing of the North
Atlantic nitrogen cycle in the Anthropocene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 201801049, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801049115, 2018.
Woodson, C. B. and Litvin, S. Y.: Ocean fronts drive marine fishery production and biogeochemical cycling, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 1710–1715, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417143112, 2014.
Zairi, M. and Rouis, M. J.: Impacts environnementaux du stockage du phosphogypse à Sfax (Tunisie), Bull. des Lab. des ponts chaussées, 219, 29–40, 1999.
Zalidis, G., Stamatiadis, S., Takavakoglou, V., Eskridge, K., and Misopolinos, N.: Impacts of agricultural practices on soil and water quality in the Mediterranean region and proposed assessment methodology, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 88, 137–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00249-3, 2002.
Zoppini, A., Pettine, M., Totti, C., Puddu, A., Artegiani, A., and Pagnotta, R.: Nutrients, standing crop and primary production in western coastal waters of the adriatic sea, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 41, 493–513, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(95)90024-1, 1995.
Short summary
For the first time, this study presents the characteristics of primary production in coastal regions of the Mediterranean Sea based on satellite-borne observations for the period 2002–2016. The study concludes that there are significant spatial and temporal variations among different regions. Quantifying primary production is of special importance in the marine food web and in the sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the deep waters.
For the first time, this study presents the characteristics of primary production in coastal...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint