Articles | Volume 13, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2077-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2077-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
08 Apr 2016
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 08 Apr 2016
A multiproxy approach to understanding the "enhanced" flux of organic matter through the oxygen-deficient waters of the Arabian Sea
Richard G. Keil
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Oceanography, Box 355351, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Jacquelyn A. Neibauer
School of Oceanography, Box 355351, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Christina Biladeau
School of Oceanography, Box 355351, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Kelsey van der Elst
School of Oceanography, Box 355351, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Allan H. Devol
School of Oceanography, Box 355351, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Related authors
Mak A. Saito, Jaclyn K. Saunders, Matthew R. McIlvin, Erin M. Bertrand, John A. Breier, Margaret Mars Brisbin, Sophie M. Colston, Jaimee R. Compton, Tim J. Griffin, W. Judson Hervey, Robert L. Hettich, Pratik D. Jagtap, Michael Janech, Rod Johnson, Rick Keil, Hugo Kleikamp, Dagmar Leary, Lennart Martens, J. Scott P. McCain, Eli Moore, Subina Mehta, Dawn M. Moran, Jaqui Neibauer, Benjamin A. Neely, Michael V. Jakuba, Jim Johnson, Megan Duffy, Gerhard J. Herndl, Richard Giannone, Ryan Mueller, Brook L. Nunn, Martin Pabst, Samantha Peters, Andrew Rajczewski, Elden Rowland, Brian Searle, Tim Van Den Bossche, Gary J. Vora, Jacob R. Waldbauer, Haiyan Zheng, and Zihao Zhao
Biogeosciences, 21, 4889–4908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ability to assess the functional capabilities of microbes in the environment is of increasing interest. Metaproteomics, the ability to measure proteins across microbial populations, has been increasing in capability and popularity in recent years. Here, an international team of scientists conducted an intercomparison study using samples collected from the North Atlantic Ocean and observed consistency in the peptides and proteins identified, their functions, and their taxonomic origins.
Ji-Hyung Park, Omme K. Nayna, Most S. Begum, Eliyan Chea, Jens Hartmann, Richard G. Keil, Sanjeev Kumar, Xixi Lu, Lishan Ran, Jeffrey E. Richey, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Shafi M. Tareq, Do Thi Xuan, and Ruihong Yu
Biogeosciences, 15, 3049–3069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3049-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3049-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities are drastically altering water and material flows in river systems across Asia. This review provides a conceptual framework for assessing the human impacts on Asian river C fluxes and an update on anthropogenic alterations of riverine C fluxes, focusing on the impacts of water pollution and river impoundments on CO2 outgassing from the rivers draining South, Southeast, and East Asian regions that account for the largest fraction of river discharge and C exports from Asia.
M. Sollai, E. C. Hopmans, S. Schouten, R. G. Keil, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 12, 4725–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4725-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4725-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of Thaumarchaeota and anammox bacteria in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) oxygen-deficient zone (ODZ) was investigated by collecting suspended particulate matter (SPM) and analyzing it for the content of specific intact polar lipids (IPLs) produced by the two microbial groups. We found a clear niche segregation in the distribution of the two groups in the coastal waters of the ETNP but a partial overlap of their niches in the open-water setting.
Mak A. Saito, Jaclyn K. Saunders, Matthew R. McIlvin, Erin M. Bertrand, John A. Breier, Margaret Mars Brisbin, Sophie M. Colston, Jaimee R. Compton, Tim J. Griffin, W. Judson Hervey, Robert L. Hettich, Pratik D. Jagtap, Michael Janech, Rod Johnson, Rick Keil, Hugo Kleikamp, Dagmar Leary, Lennart Martens, J. Scott P. McCain, Eli Moore, Subina Mehta, Dawn M. Moran, Jaqui Neibauer, Benjamin A. Neely, Michael V. Jakuba, Jim Johnson, Megan Duffy, Gerhard J. Herndl, Richard Giannone, Ryan Mueller, Brook L. Nunn, Martin Pabst, Samantha Peters, Andrew Rajczewski, Elden Rowland, Brian Searle, Tim Van Den Bossche, Gary J. Vora, Jacob R. Waldbauer, Haiyan Zheng, and Zihao Zhao
Biogeosciences, 21, 4889–4908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ability to assess the functional capabilities of microbes in the environment is of increasing interest. Metaproteomics, the ability to measure proteins across microbial populations, has been increasing in capability and popularity in recent years. Here, an international team of scientists conducted an intercomparison study using samples collected from the North Atlantic Ocean and observed consistency in the peptides and proteins identified, their functions, and their taxonomic origins.
Ji-Hyung Park, Omme K. Nayna, Most S. Begum, Eliyan Chea, Jens Hartmann, Richard G. Keil, Sanjeev Kumar, Xixi Lu, Lishan Ran, Jeffrey E. Richey, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Shafi M. Tareq, Do Thi Xuan, and Ruihong Yu
Biogeosciences, 15, 3049–3069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3049-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3049-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities are drastically altering water and material flows in river systems across Asia. This review provides a conceptual framework for assessing the human impacts on Asian river C fluxes and an update on anthropogenic alterations of riverine C fluxes, focusing on the impacts of water pollution and river impoundments on CO2 outgassing from the rivers draining South, Southeast, and East Asian regions that account for the largest fraction of river discharge and C exports from Asia.
M. Sollai, E. C. Hopmans, S. Schouten, R. G. Keil, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 12, 4725–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4725-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4725-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of Thaumarchaeota and anammox bacteria in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) oxygen-deficient zone (ODZ) was investigated by collecting suspended particulate matter (SPM) and analyzing it for the content of specific intact polar lipids (IPLs) produced by the two microbial groups. We found a clear niche segregation in the distribution of the two groups in the coastal waters of the ETNP but a partial overlap of their niches in the open-water setting.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Organic Biogeochemistry
Results from a multi-laboratory ocean metaproteomic intercomparison: effects of LC-MS acquisition and data analysis procedures
Controls on the composition of hydroxylated isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) in cultivated ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota
Reviews and syntheses: Opportunities for robust use of peak intensities from high-resolution mass spectrometry in organic matter studies
Elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter across the Atlantic Ocean
Lipid remodeling in phytoplankton exposed to multi-environmental drivers in a mesocosm experiment
Molecular-level carbon traits of fine roots: unveiling adaptation and decomposition under flooded conditions
Environmental controls on the distribution of brGDGTs and brGMGTs across the Seine River basin (NW France): implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff
Ocean liming effects on dissolved organic matter dynamics
Latitudinal distribution of biomarkers across the western Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea: an approach to assess sympagic and pelagic algal production
Sinking fate and carbon export of zooplankton fecal pellets: insights from time-series sediment trap observations in the northern South China Sea
Microbial strong organic ligand production is tightly coupled to iron in hydrothermal plumes
Low cobalt inventories in the Amundsen and Ross seas driven by high demand for labile cobalt uptake among native phytoplankton communities
Methods to characterize type, relevance, and interactions of organic matter and microorganisms in fluids along the flow path of a geothermal facility
Potential bioavailability of representative pyrogenic organic matter compounds in comparison to natural dissolved organic matter pools
Distributions of bacteriohopanepolyols in lakes and coastal lagoons of the Azores Archipelago
Recently fixed carbon fuels microbial activity several meters below the soil surface
Environmental and hydrologic controls on sediment and organic carbon export from a subalpine catchment: insights from a time series
Climate and geology overwrite land use effects on soil organic nitrogen cycling on a continental scale
Compositions of dissolved organic matter in the ice-covered waters above the Aurora hydrothermal vent system, Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
Microbial labilization and diversification of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter
Bacterial and eukaryotic intact polar lipids point to in situ production as a key source of labile organic matter in hadal surface sediment of the Atacama Trench
What can we learn from amino acids about oceanic organic matter cycling and degradation?
Bacteriohopanetetrol-x: constraining its application as a lipid biomarker for marine anammox using the water column oxygen gradient of the Benguela upwelling system
Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea
Cyanobacteria net community production in the Baltic Sea as inferred from profiling pCO2 measurements
Reviews and syntheses: Heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon – significant but invisible flux in environmental carbon cycling
Revised fractional abundances and warm-season temperatures substantially improve brGDGT calibrations in lake sediments
Archaeal intact polar lipids in polar waters: a comparison between the Amundsen and Scotia seas
Reproducible determination of dissolved organic matter photosensitivity
Technical note: Uncovering the influence of methodological variations on the extractability of iron-bound organic carbon
Anthropocene climate warming enhances autochthonous carbon cycling in an upland Arctic lake, Disko Island, West Greenland
Novel hydrocarbon-utilizing soil mycobacteria synthesize unique mycocerosic acids at a Sicilian everlasting fire
Alkenone isotopes show evidence of active carbon concentrating mechanisms in coccolithophores as aqueous carbon dioxide concentrations fall below 7 µmol L−1
Seasonal variability and sources of in situ brGDGT production in a permanently stratified African crater lake
Sediment release of dissolved organic matter to the oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Better molecular preservation of organic matter in an oxic than in a sulfidic depositional environment: evidence from Thalassiphora pelagica (Dinoflagellata, Eocene) cysts
Assessing branched tetraether lipids as tracers of soil organic carbon transport through the Carminowe Creek catchment (southwest England)
The nonconservative distribution pattern of organic matter in the Rajang, a tropical river with peatland in its estuary
Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: source and environmental implication
High-pH and anoxic conditions during soil organic matter extraction increases its electron-exchange capacity and ability to stimulate microbial Fe(III) reduction by electron shuttling
Sterol preservation in hypersaline microbial mats
Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)
Distribution and degradation of terrestrial organic matter in the sediments of peat-draining rivers, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a pCO2 proxy using a natural CO2 seep (Shikine Island, Japan)
Composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter from tropical peatlands of coastal Sarawak, Borneo, revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis
Latitudinal variations in δ30Si and δ15N signatures along the Peruvian shelf: quantifying the effects of nutrient utilization versus denitrification over the past 600 years
Diapycnal dissolved organic matter supply into the upper Peruvian oxycline
Composition and vertical flux of particulate organic matter to the oxygen minimum zone of the central Baltic Sea: impact of a sporadic North Sea inflow
Main drivers of transparent exopolymer particle distribution across the surface Atlantic Ocean
Mak A. Saito, Jaclyn K. Saunders, Matthew R. McIlvin, Erin M. Bertrand, John A. Breier, Margaret Mars Brisbin, Sophie M. Colston, Jaimee R. Compton, Tim J. Griffin, W. Judson Hervey, Robert L. Hettich, Pratik D. Jagtap, Michael Janech, Rod Johnson, Rick Keil, Hugo Kleikamp, Dagmar Leary, Lennart Martens, J. Scott P. McCain, Eli Moore, Subina Mehta, Dawn M. Moran, Jaqui Neibauer, Benjamin A. Neely, Michael V. Jakuba, Jim Johnson, Megan Duffy, Gerhard J. Herndl, Richard Giannone, Ryan Mueller, Brook L. Nunn, Martin Pabst, Samantha Peters, Andrew Rajczewski, Elden Rowland, Brian Searle, Tim Van Den Bossche, Gary J. Vora, Jacob R. Waldbauer, Haiyan Zheng, and Zihao Zhao
Biogeosciences, 21, 4889–4908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ability to assess the functional capabilities of microbes in the environment is of increasing interest. Metaproteomics, the ability to measure proteins across microbial populations, has been increasing in capability and popularity in recent years. Here, an international team of scientists conducted an intercomparison study using samples collected from the North Atlantic Ocean and observed consistency in the peptides and proteins identified, their functions, and their taxonomic origins.
Devika Varma, Laura Villanueva, Nicole J. Bale, Pierre Offre, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 21, 4875–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Archaeal hydroxylated tetraether lipids are increasingly used as temperature indicators in marine settings, but the factors influencing their distribution are still unclear. Analyzing membrane lipids of two thaumarchaeotal strains showed that the growth phase of the cultures does not affect the lipid distribution, but growth temperature profoundly affects the degree of cyclization of these lipids. Also, the abundance of these lipids is species-specific and is not influenced by temperature.
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine H. Chang, Sean M. Colby, Josie Eder, Malak M. Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie K. Chu, and James C. Stegen
Biogeosciences, 21, 4665–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural organic matter (NOM) is often studied via Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), which identifies organic molecules as mass spectra peaks. The intensity of peaks is data that is often discarded due to technical concerns. We review the theory behind these concerns and show they are supported empirically. However, simulations show that ecological analyses of NOM data that include FTMS peak intensities are often valid. This opens a path for robust use of FTMS peak intensities for NOM.
Adam J. Fagan, Tatsuro Tanioka, Alyse A. Larkin, Jenna A. Lee, Nathan S. Garcia, and Adam C. Martiny
Biogeosciences, 21, 4239–4250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is anticipated to influence the biological pump by altering phytoplankton nutrient distribution. In our research, we collected measurements of particulate matter concentrations during two oceanographic field studies. We observed systematic variations in organic matter concentrations and ratios across the Atlantic Ocean. From statistical modeling, we determined that these variations are associated with differences in the availability of essential nutrients for phytoplankton growth.
Sebastian I. Cantarero, Edgart Flores, Harry Allbrook, Paulina Aguayo, Cristian A. Vargas, John E. Tamanaha, J. Bentley C. Scholz, Lennart T. Bach, Carolin R. Löscher, Ulf Riebesell, Balaji Rajagopalan, Nadia Dildar, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 21, 3927–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores lipid remodeling in response to environmental stress, specifically how cell membrane chemistry changes. We focus on intact polar lipids in a phytoplankton community exposed to diverse stressors in a mesocosm experiment. The observed remodeling indicates acyl chain recycling for energy storage in intact polar lipids during stress, reallocating resources based on varying growth conditions. This understanding is essential to grasp the system's impact on cellular pools.
Mengke Wang, Peng Zhang, Huishan Li, Guisen Deng, Deliang Kong, Sifang Kong, and Junjian Wang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2691–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and applied complementary analyses to characterize molecular-level carbon traits for water-grown and soil-grown fine roots. The adaptive strategy of developing more labile carbon in water-grown roots accelerated root decomposition and counteracted the decelerated effects of anoxia on decomposition, highlighting an indirect effect of environmental change on belowground carbon cycling.
Zhe-Xuan Zhang, Edith Parlanti, Christelle Anquetil, Jérôme Morelle, Anniet M. Laverman, Alexandre Thibault, Elisa Bou, and Arnaud Huguet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2227–2252, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bacterial tetraethers have important implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction. However, fundamental understanding of how these lipids are transformed from land to sea and which environmental factors influence their distributions is lacking. Here, we investigate the sources of brGDGTs and brGMGTs and the factors controlling their distributions in a large dataset (n=237). We propose a novel proxy (RIX) to trace riverine runoff, which is applicable in modern systems and in paleorecord.
Chiara Santinelli, Silvia Valsecchi, Simona Retelletti Brogi, Giancarlo Bachi, Giovanni Checcucci, Mirco Guerrazzi, Elisa Camatti, Stefano Caserini, Arianna Azzellino, and Daniela Basso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-625, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-625, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating the impact of ocean liming on dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics. Given the central role played by DOM in the microbial loop, a change in its concentration and/or quality has a cascading effect the entire marine ecosystem. Our data clearly show that the addition of hydrated lime cause a reduction in DOM concentration and a change in its quality. The observed effects, detectable at pH 9, becomes significant at pH 10.
Youcheng Bai, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Jian Ren, Vincent Klein, Haiyan Jin, and Jianfang Chen
Biogeosciences, 21, 689–709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algal biomarkers were used to assess sea ice and pelagic algal production across the western Arctic Ocean with changing sea-ice conditions. They show three distinct areas along with a marked latitudinal gradient of sea ice over pelagic algal production in surface sediments that are reflected by the H-Print index. Our data also show that efficient grazing consumption accounted for the dramatic decrease of diatom-derived biomarkers in sediments compared to that of particulate matter.
Hanxiao Wang, Zhifei Liu, Jiaying Li, Baozhi Lin, Yulong Zhao, Xiaodong Zhang, Junyuan Cao, Jingwen Zhang, Hongzhe Song, and Wenzhuo Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 5109–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking of zooplankton fecal pellets is a key process in the marine biological carbon pump. This study presents carbon export of four shapes of fecal pellets from two time-series sediment traps in the South China Sea. The results show that the sinking fate of fecal pellets is regulated by marine primary productivity, deep-dwelling zooplankton community, and deep-sea currents in the tropical marginal sea, thus providing a new perspective for exploring the carbon cycle in the world ocean.
Colleen L. Hoffman, Patrick J. Monreal, Justine B. Albers, Alastair J. M. Lough, Alyson E. Santoro, Travis Mellett, Kristen N. Buck, Alessandro Tagliabue, Maeve C. Lohan, Joseph A. Resing, and Randelle M. Bundy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.05.522639, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.05.522639, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrothermally-derived iron can be transported thousands of kilometers away from deep-sea vents, representing a significant flux of vital micronutrients to the ocean. However, the mechanisms that support the stabilization and transport of dissolved iron remain elusive. Using electrochemical methods, advanced mass spectrometry techniques, and genomic tools we demonstrate that strong microbially-produced ligands appear to exert an important control on plume iron biogeochemistry and dissemination.
Rebecca J. Chmiel, Riss M. Kell, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 20, 3997–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt is an important micronutrient for plankton, yet it is often scarce throughout the oceans. A 2017/2018 expedition to coastal Antarctica, including regions of the Amundsen Sea and the Ross Sea, discovered lower concentrations of cobalt compared to two past expeditions in 2005 and 2006, particularly for the type of cobalt preferred as a nutrient by phytoplankton. This loss may be due to changing inputs of other nutrients, causing higher uptake of cobalt by plankton over the last decade.
Alessio Leins, Danaé Bregnard, Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand, Stefanie Poetz, Florian Eichinger, Guillaume Cailleau, Pilar Junier, and Simona Regenspurg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-159, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Organic matter and microbial fluid analyses are rarely taken into account in the geothermal industry and research. However, they can have a significant effect on the efficiency of geothermal power production. We discovered a high variety in organic compound composition in our samples and were able to differentiate it with regard to various sources (e.g. artificial and biogenic). Furthermore, the microbial diversity undergoes significant changes within the flow path of a geothermal power plant.
Emily B. Graham, Hyun-Seob Song, Samantha Grieger, Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso, James C. Stegen, Kevin D. Bladon, and Allison N. Myers-Pigg
Biogeosciences, 20, 3449–3457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3449-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intensifying wildfires are increasing pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) production and its impact on water quality. Recent work indicates that PyOM may have a greater impact on aquatic biogeochemistry than previously assumed, driven by higher bioavailability. We provide a full assessment of the potential bioavailability of PyOM across its chemical spectrum. We indicate that PyOM can be actively transformed within the river corridor and, therefore, may be a growing source of riverine C emissions.
Nora Richter, Ellen C. Hopmans, Danica Mitrović, Pedro M. Raposeiro, Vítor Gonçalves, Ana C. Costa, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Laura Villanueva, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 20, 2065–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are a diverse class of lipids produced by bacteria across a wide range of environments. This study characterizes the diversity of BHPs in lakes and coastal lagoons in the Azores Archipelago, as well as a co-culture enriched for methanotrophs. We highlight the potential of BHPs as taxonomic markers for bacteria associated with certain ecological niches, which can be preserved in sedimentary records.
Andrea Scheibe, Carlos A. Sierra, and Marie Spohn
Biogeosciences, 20, 827–838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored carbon cycling in soils in three climate zones in Chile down to a depth of 6 m, using carbon isotopes. Our results show that microbial activity several meters below the soil surface is mostly fueled by recently fixed carbon and that strong decomposition of soil organic matter only occurs in the upper decimeters of the soils. The study shows that different layers of the critical zone are tightly connected and that processes in the deep soil depend on recently fixed carbon.
Melissa Sophia Schwab, Hannah Gies, Chantal Valérie Freymond, Maarten Lupker, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 19, 5591–5616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The majority of river studies focus on headwater or floodplain systems, while often neglecting intermediate river segments. Our study on the subalpine Sihl River bridges the gap between streams and lowlands and demonstrates that moderately steep river segments are areas of significant instream alterations, modulating the export of organic carbon over short distances.
Lisa Noll, Shasha Zhang, Qing Zheng, Yuntao Hu, Florian Hofhansl, and Wolfgang Wanek
Biogeosciences, 19, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cleavage of proteins to smaller nitrogen compounds allows microorganisms and plants to exploit the largest nitrogen reservoir in soils and is considered the bottleneck in soil organic nitrogen cycling. Results from soils covering a European transect show that protein turnover is constrained by soil geochemistry, shifts in climate and associated alterations in soil weathering and should be considered as a driver of soil nitrogen availability with repercussions on carbon cycle processes.
Muhammed Fatih Sert, Helge Niemann, Eoghan P. Reeves, Mats A. Granskog, Kevin P. Hand, Timo Kekäläinen, Janne Jänis, Pamela E. Rossel, Bénédicte Ferré, Anna Silyakova, and Friederike Gründger
Biogeosciences, 19, 2101–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate organic matter composition in the Arctic Ocean water column. We collected seawater samples from sea ice to deep waters at six vertical profiles near an active hydrothermal vent and its plume. In comparison to seawater, we found that the organic matter in waters directly affected by the hydrothermal plume had different chemical composition. We suggest that hydrothermal processes may influence the organic matter distribution in the deep ocean.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
Aleksandar I. Goranov, Andrew S. Wozniak, Kyle W. Bostick, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Siddhartha Mitra, and Patrick G. Hatcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 1491–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire-derived molecules are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, but their biological fate remains understudied. We have evaluated the compositional changes that occur to wildfire-derived molecules after incubation with soil microbes. We observe a significant degradation but also a production of numerous new labile molecules. Our results indicate that wildfire-derived molecules can be broken down and the carbon and nitrogen therein can be incorporated into microbial food webs.
Edgart Flores, Sebastian I. Cantarero, Paula Ruiz-Fernández, Nadia Dildar, Matthias Zabel, Osvaldo Ulloa, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 19, 1395–1420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the chemical diversity and abundance of microbial lipids as markers of organic matter sources in the deepest points of the Atacama Trench sediments and compare them to similar lipid stocks in shallower surface sediments and in the overlying water column. We evaluate possible organic matter provenance and some potential chemical adaptations of the in situ microbial community to the extreme conditions of high hydrostatic pressure in hadal realm.
Birgit Gaye, Niko Lahajnar, Natalie Harms, Sophie Anna Luise Paul, Tim Rixen, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 19, 807–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amino acids were analyzed in a large number of samples of particulate and dissolved organic matter from coastal regions and the open ocean. A statistical analysis produced two new biogeochemical indicators. An indicator of sinking particle and sediment degradation (SDI) traces the degradation of organic matter from the surface waters into the sediments. A second indicator shows the residence time of suspended matter in the ocean (RTI).
Zoë R. van Kemenade, Laura Villanueva, Ellen C. Hopmans, Peter Kraal, Harry J. Witte, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 19, 201–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important nitrogen-removal process in the ocean. We assess the distribution of bacteriohopanetetrol-x (BHT-x), used to trace past anammox, along a redox gradient in the water column of the Benguela upwelling system. BHT-x / BHT ratios of >0.18 correspond to the presence of living anammox bacteria and oxygen levels <50 μmol L−1. This allows for a more robust application of BHT-x to trace past marine anammox and deoxygenation in dynamic marine systems.
Jia-Jang Hung, Ching-Han Tung, Zong-Ying Lin, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Shao-Hung Peng, Yen-Huei Lin, and Li-Shan Tsai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5141–5162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5141-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5141-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report measured active and passive fluxes and their controlling mechanisms in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The total fluxes were higher than most reports in open oceans, indicating the significance of NSCS in atmospheric CO2 uptake and in storing that CO2 in the ocean’s interior. Winter cooling and extreme events enhanced nutrient availability and elevated fluxes. Global warming may have profound impacts on reducing ocean’s uptake and storage of CO2 in subtropical–tropical oceans.
Jens Daniel Müller, Bernd Schneider, Ulf Gräwe, Peer Fietzek, Marcus Bo Wallin, Anna Rutgersson, Norbert Wasmund, Siegfried Krüger, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 18, 4889–4917, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on profiling pCO2 measurements from a field campaign, we quantify the biomass production of a cyanobacteria bloom in the Baltic Sea, the export of which would foster deep water deoxygenation. We further demonstrate how this biomass production can be accurately reconstructed from long-term surface measurements made on cargo vessels in combination with modelled temperature profiles. This approach enables a better understanding of a severe concern for the Baltic’s good environmental status.
Alexander Braun, Marina Spona-Friedl, Maria Avramov, Martin Elsner, Federico Baltar, Thomas Reinthaler, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Christian Griebler
Biogeosciences, 18, 3689–3700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is known that CO2 fixation by photoautotrophic organisms is the major sink from the atmosphere. While biologists are aware that CO2 fixation also occurs in heterotrophic organisms, this route of inorganic carbon, and its quantitative role, is hardly recognized in biogeochemistry. We demonstrate that a considerable amount of CO2 is fixed annually through anaplerotic reactions in heterotrophic organisms, and a significant quantity of inorganic carbon is temporally sequestered in biomass.
Jonathan H. Raberg, David J. Harning, Sarah E. Crump, Greg de Wet, Aria Blumm, Sebastian Kopf, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 18, 3579–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
BrGDGT lipids are a proxy for temperature in lake sediments, but other parameters like pH can influence them, and seasonality can affect the temperatures they record. We find a warm-season bias at 43 new high-latitude sites. We also present a new method that deconvolves the effects of temperature, pH, and conductivity and generate global calibrations for these variables. Our study provides new paleoclimate tools, insight into brGDGTs at the biochemical level, and a new method for future study.
Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Juliane Müller, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Claire Allen, Torsten Bickert, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Elaine Mawbey, Victoria Peck, Aleksandra Svalova, and James A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ocean temperature records are needed to fully understand the impact of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature but can be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. Our results show active GDGT synthesis in relatively warm depths of the ocean. This research improves the application of GDGT palaeoceanographic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Alec W. Armstrong, Leanne Powers, and Michael Gonsior
Biogeosciences, 18, 3367–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Living things decay into organic matter, which can dissolve into water (like tea brewing). Tea receives its color by absorbing light. Similarly, this material absorbs light, which can then cause chemical reactions that change it. By measuring changes in these optical properties, we found that materials from some places are more sensitive to light than others. Comparing sensitivity to light helps us understand where these materials come from and what happens as they move through water.
Ben J. Fisher, Johan C. Faust, Oliver W. Moore, Caroline L. Peacock, and Christian März
Biogeosciences, 18, 3409–3419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3409-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3409-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon can be protected from microbial degradation in marine sediments through association with iron minerals on 1000-year timescales. Despite the importance of this carbon sink, our spatial and temporal understanding of iron-bound organic carbon interactions globally is poor. Here we show that caution must be applied when comparing quantification of iron-bound organic carbon extracted by different methods as the extraction strength and method specificity can be highly variable.
Mark A. Stevenson, Suzanne McGowan, Emma J. Pearson, George E. A. Swann, Melanie J. Leng, Vivienne J. Jones, Joseph J. Bailey, Xianyu Huang, and Erika Whiteford
Biogeosciences, 18, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We link detailed stable isotope and biomarker analyses from the catchments of three Arctic upland lakes on Disko Island (West Greenland) to a recent dated sediment core to understand how carbon cycling has changed over the past ~500 years. We find that the carbon deposited in sediments in these upland lakes is predominately sourced from in-lake production due to the catchment's limited terrestrial vegetation and elevation and that recent increases in algal production link with climate change.
Nadine T. Smit, Laura Villanueva, Darci Rush, Fausto Grassa, Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Mira Holzheimer, Adriaan J. Minnaard, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 18, 1463–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soils from an everlasting fire (gas seep) in Sicily, Italy, reveal high relative abundances of novel uncultivated mycobacteria and unique 13C-depleted mycocerosic acids (multi-methyl branched fatty acids) close to the main gas seep. Our results imply that mycocerosic acids in combination with their depleted δ13C values offer a new biomarker tool to study the role of soil mycobacteria as hydrocarbon consumers in the modern and past global carbon cycle.
Marcus P. S. Badger
Biogeosciences, 18, 1149–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1149-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing ancient atmospheric CO2 is an important aim of palaeoclimate science in order to understand the Earth's climate system. One method, the alkenone proxy based on molecular fossils of coccolithophores, has been recently shown to be ineffective at low-to-moderate CO2 levels. In this paper I show that this is likely due to changes in the biogeochemistry of the coccolithophores when there is low carbon availability, but for much of the Cenozoic the alkenone proxy should have utility.
Loes G. J. van Bree, Francien Peterse, Allix J. Baxter, Wannes De Crop, Sigrid van Grinsven, Laura Villanueva, Dirk Verschuren, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 17, 5443–5463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are used as a paleothermometer based on their temperature dependence in global soils, but aquatic production complicates their use in lakes. BrGDGTs in the water column of Lake Chala, East Africa, respond to oxygen conditions and mixing. Changes in their signal can be linked to bacterial community composition rather than membrane adaptation to changing conditions. Their integrated signal in the sediment reflects mean air temperature.
Alexandra N. Loginova, Andrew W. Dale, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Sören Thomsen, Stefan Sommer, David Clemens, Klaus Wallmann, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 17, 4663–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and matter (DOM) optical properties in pore waters and near-bottom waters of the eastern tropical South Pacific off Peru. The difference between diffusion-driven and net fluxes of DOC and DON and qualitative changes in DOM optical properties suggested active microbial utilisation of the released DOM at the sediment–water interface. Our results suggest that the sediment release of DOM contributes to microbial processes in the area.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld
Biogeosciences, 17, 3545–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Anoxic sediments mostly contain much more organic matter than oxic ones, and therefore organic matter in anoxic settings is often considered to be preserved better than in oxic settings. However, through the analysis of the same fossil dinoflagellate cyst species from both oxic and anoxic settings, we show that at a molecular level the preservation in the oxic sediments may be better since in the anoxic setting the cyst macromolecule has been altered by postdepositional modification.
Jingjing Guo, Miriam Glendell, Jeroen Meersmans, Frédérique Kirkels, Jack J. Middelburg, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
Zhuo-Yi Zhu, Joanne Oakes, Bradley Eyre, Youyou Hao, Edwin Sien Aun Sia, Shan Jiang, Moritz Müller, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2473–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Samples were collected in August 2016 in the Rajang River and its estuary, with tropical forest in the river basin and peatland in the estuary. Organic matter composition was influenced by transportation in the river basin, whereas peatland added clear biodegraded parts to the fluvial organic matter, which implies modification of the initial lability and/or starting points in the subsequent degradation and alternation processes after the organic matter enters the sea.
Wenjie Xiao, Yasong Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Xi Zhang, Linlin Shi, and Yunping Xu
Biogeosciences, 17, 2135–2148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The hadal zone (6–11 km depth) is the least explored habitat on Earth. We studied microbial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. One unique feature is the strong predominance of 6-methyl brGDGT, which likely reflects an adaption of brGDGT-producing bacteria to alkaline seawater and low temperature. BrGDGTs, with elemental and isotopic data, suggest an autochthonous product for brGDGT. A new approach is proposed for brGDGT sourcing.
Yuge Bai, Edisson Subdiaga, Stefan B. Haderlein, Heike Knicker, and Andreas Kappler
Biogeosciences, 17, 683–698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biogeochemical processes of SOM are key for greenhouse gas emission and water quality. We extracted SOM by water or by NaOH–HCl under oxic–anoxic conditions. Chemical and anoxic extractions lead to higher SOM electron exchange capacities, resulting in stimulation of microbial Fe(III) reduction. Therefore, aqueous pH-neutral SOM extracts should be used to reflect environmental SOM redox processes, and artifacts of chemical extractions need to be considered when evaluating SOM redox processes.
Yan Shen, Volker Thiel, Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, and Joachim Reitner
Biogeosciences, 17, 649–666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Today, sterols are widespread in plants, animals, and fungi but are almost absent in the oldest rocks. Microbial mats, representing the earliest complex ecosystems on Earth, were omnipresent in Precambrian marine environments and may have degraded the sterols at that time. Here we analyze the distribution of sterols through a microbial mat. This provides insight into how variations in biological and nonbiological factors affect the preservation of sterols in modern and ancient microbial mats.
Sarah Coffinet, Travis B. Meador, Lukas Mühlena, Kevin W. Becker, Jan Schröder, Qing-Zeng Zhu, Julius S. Lipp, Verena B. Heuer, Matthew P. Crump, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Biogeosciences, 17, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study deals with two membrane lipids called BDGTs and PDGTs. Membrane lipids are molecules forming the cell envelope of all organisms. Different organisms produce different lipids thus they can be used to detect the presence of specific organisms in the environment. We analyzed the structure of these new lipids and looked for potential producers. We found that they are likely made by microbes emitting methane below the sediment surface and could be used to track these specific microbes.
Ying Wu, Kun Zhu, Jing Zhang, Moritz Müller, Shan Jiang, Aazani Mujahid, Mohd Fakharuddin Muhamad, and Edwin Sien Aun Sia
Biogeosciences, 16, 4517–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our understanding of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) in tropical peat-draining rivers remains limited, especially in Southeast Asia. We explored the characteristics of TOM via bulk parameters and lignin phenols of sediment in Malaysia. This showed that the most important plant source of the organic matter in these rivers is woody angiosperm C3 plants with limited diagenetic alteration. This slower degradation of TOM may be a link to higher total nitrogen content, especially for the small river.
Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Sylvain Agostini, Ben P. Harvey, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 16, 4451–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) in the atmosphere play an integral role in Earth system dynamics, especially climate. Past climates help us understand future ones, but reconstructing pCO2 over the geologic record remains a challenge. This research demonstrates new approaches for exploring past pCO2 via the carbon isotope fractionation in general algal lipids, which we test over a high CO2 gradient from a naturally occurring CO2 seep.
Yongli Zhou, Patrick Martin, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 16, 2733–2749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We found that peatlands in coastal Sarawak, Borneo, export extremely humified organic matter, which dominates the riverine organic matter pool and conservatively mixes with seawater, while the freshly produced fraction is low and stable in concentration at all salinities. We estimated that terrigenous fractions, which showed high photolability, still account for 20 % of the coastal dissolved organic carbon pool, implying the importance of peat-derived organic matter in the coastal carbon cycle.
Kristin Doering, Claudia Ehlert, Philippe Martinez, Martin Frank, and Ralph Schneider
Biogeosciences, 16, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, 2019
Alexandra N. Loginova, Sören Thomsen, Marcus Dengler, Jan Lüdke, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 2033–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High primary production in the Peruvian upwelling system is followed by rapid heterotrophic utilization of organic matter and supports the formation of one of the most intense oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world. Here, we estimated vertical fluxes of oxygen and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the surface to the OMZ. Our results suggest that DOM remineralization substantially reduces oxygen concentration in the upper water column and controls the shape of the upper oxycline.
Carolina Cisternas-Novoa, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 927–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the composition and vertical fluxes of POM in two deep basins of the Baltic Sea (GB: Gotland Basin and LD: Landsort Deep). The two basins showed different O2 regimes resulting from the intrusion of oxygen-rich water from the North Sea that ventilated the deep waters in GB, but not in LD.
In GB, O2 intrusions lead to a high abundance of manganese oxides that aggregate with POM, altering its composition and vertical flux and contributing to a higher POC transfer efficiency in GB.
Marina Zamanillo, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Sdena Nunes, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Manuel Dall'Osto, Marta Estrada, Maria Montserrat Sala, and Rafel Simó
Biogeosciences, 16, 733–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-733-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Many marine microorganisms produce polysaccharide-rich transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) for rather unknown reasons but with important consequences for the ocean carbon cycle, sea–air gas exchange and formation of organic aerosols. Here we compare surface–ocean distributions of TEPs and physical, chemical and biological variables along a N–S transect in the Atlantic Ocean. Our data suggest that phytoplankton and not bacteria are the main TEP producers, and solar radiation acts as a sink.
Cited articles
Armstrong, R. A., Lee, C., Hedges, J. I., Honjo, S., and Wakeham, S. G.: A new, mechanistic model for organic carbon fluxes in the ocean based on the quantitative association of POC with ballast minerals, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 219–236, 2002.
Arnarson, T. S. and Keil, R. G.: Organic-mineral interactions in marine sediments studied using density fractionation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Org. Geochem., 32, 1401–1415, 2001.
Arnarson, T. S. and Keil, R. G.: Influence of organic-mineral aggregates on microbial degradation of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 69, 2111–2117, 2005.
Arnarson, T. S. and Keil, R. G.: Changes in organic matter-mineral interactions for marine sediments with varying oxygen exposure times, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 3545–3556, 2007.
Azam, F., Steward, G. F., Smith, D. C., and Ducklow, H. W.: Significance of bacteria in carbon fluxes in the Arabian Sea, P. Indian A. S.-Earth, 103, 341–351, 1994.
Azetsu-Scott, K. and Passow, U.: Ascending marine particles: significance of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the upper ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 741–748, 2004.
Babbin, A. R., Keil, R. G., Devol, A. H., and Ward, B. B.: Organic Matter Stoichiometry, Flux, and Oxygen Control Nitrogen Loss in the Ocean, Science, 344, 406–408, 2014.
Barkmann, W., Schafer-Neth, C., and Balzer, W.: Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles, J. Marine Syst., 82, 81–95, 2010.
Berelson, W. M.: Particle settling rates increase with depth in the ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 237–251, 2002.
Bertrand, E. M., Moran, D. M., McIlvin, M. R., Hoffman, J. M., Allen, A. E., and Saito, M. A.: Methionine synthase interreplacement in diatom cultures and communities: Implications for the persistence of B-12 use by eukaryotic phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 1431–1450, 2013.
Bopp, L., Resplandy, L., Orr, J. C., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Halloran, P., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Séférian, R., Tjiputra, J., and Vichi, M.: Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models, Biogeosciences, 10, 6225–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013, 2013.
Bridoux, M. C., Neibauer, J., Ingalls, A. E., Nunn, B. L., and Keil, R. G.: Suspended marine particulate proteins in coastal and oligotrophic waters, J. Marine Syst., 143, 39–48, 2015.
Buesseler, K. O. and Boyd, P. W.: Shedding light on processes that control particle export and flux attenuation in the twilight zone of the open ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 1210–1232, 2009.
Bulow, S. E., Rich, J. J., Naik, H. S., Pratihary, A. K., and Ward, B. B.: Denitrification exceeds anammox as a nitrogen loss pathway in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 57, 384–393, 2010.
Burd, A. B., Hansell, D. A., Steinberg, D. K., Anderson, T. R., Aristegui, J., Baltar, F., Beaupre, S. R., Buesseler, K. O., DeHairs, F., Jackson, G. A., Kadko, D. C., Koppelmann, R., Lampitt, R. S., Nagata, T., Reinthaler, T., Robinson, C., Robison, B. H., Tamburini, C., and Tanaka, T.: Assessing the apparent imbalance between geochemical and biochemical indicators of meso- and bathypelagic biological activity: What the @$#! is wrong with present calculations of carbon budgets?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 1557–1571, 2010.
Burdige, D. J.: Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments: Controls, mechanisms, and an imbalance in sediment organic carbon budgets?, Chem. Rev., 107, 467–485, 2007.
Burdige, D. J.: Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments: Controls, mechanisms, and an imbalance in sediment organic carbon budgets?, Chem. Rev., 107, 467–485, 2007.
Cavan, E. L., Le Moigne, F. A. C., Poulton, A. J., Tarling, G. A., Ward, P., Daniels, C. J., Fragoso, G. M., and Sanders, R. J.: Attenuation of particulate organic carbon flux in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, is controlled by zooplankton fecal pellets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 821–830, 2015.
Chang, B. X., Rich, J. R., Jayakumar, A., Naik, H., Pratihary, A. K., Keil, R. G., Ward, B. B., and Devol, A. H.: The effect of organic carbon on fixed nitrogen loss in the eastern tropical South Pacific and Arabian Sea oxygen deficient zones, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59, 1267–1274, 2014.
Close, H. G., Wakeham, S. G., and Pearson, A.: Lipid and 13C signatures of submicron and suspended particulate organic matter in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific: Implications for the contribution of Bacteria, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 85, 15–34, 2014.
Cowie, G.: The biogeochemistry of Arabian Sea surficial sediments: A review of recent studies, Prog. Oceanogr., 65, 260–289, 2005.
Cowie, G. L. and Hedges, J. I.: Improved amino acid quantification in environmental samples – charge matched recovery standards and reduced analysis time, Mar. Chem., 37, 223–238, 1992a.
Cowie, G. L. and Hedges, J. I.: The role of anoxia in organic matter preservation in coastal sediments – relative stabilities of the major biochemicals under oxic and anoxic depositional conditions, Org. Geochem., 19, 229–234, 1992b.
Cowie, G. L. and Hedges, J. I.: Biochemical indicators of diagenetic alteration in natural organic matter mixtures, Nature, 369, 304–307, 1994.
Cowie, G. L., Hedges, J. I., Prahl, F. G., and Delange, G. J.: Elemental and major biochemical changes acros an oxidation front in a relict turbidite – an oxygen effect, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 59, 33–46, 1995.
Cowie, G. L., Calvert, S. E., Pedersen, T. F., Schulz, H., and von Rad, U.: Organic content and preservational controls in surficial shelf and slope sediments from the Arabian Sea (Pakistan margin), Mar. Geol., 161, 23–38, 1999.
Dachs, J., Bayona, J. M., Ittekkot, V., and Albaiges, J.: Monsoon-driven vertical fluxes of organic pollutants in the western Arabian Sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3949–3956, 1999.
Dale, A. W., Sommer, S., Lomnitz, U., Montes, I., Treude, T., Liebetrau, V., Gier, J., Hensen, C., Dengler, M., Stolpovsky, K., Bryant, L. D., and Wallmann, K.: Organic carbon production, mineralisation and preservation on the Peruvian margin, Biogeosciences, 12, 1537–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1537-2015, 2015.
Dalsgaard, T., Canfield, D. E., Petersen, J., Thamdrup, B., and Acuna-Gonzalez, J.: N2 production by the anammox reaction in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, Nature, 422, 606–608, 2003.
Dauwe, B., Middelburg, J. J., Herman, P. M. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Linking diagenetic alteration of amino acids and bulk organic matter reactivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1809–1814, 1999.
del Giorgio, P. A. and Cole, J. J.: Bacterial growth efficiency in natural aquatic systems, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 503–541, 1998.
Deutsch, C., Brix, H., Ito, T., Frenzel, H., and Thompson, L.: Climate-Forced Variability of Ocean Hypoxia, Science, 333, 336–339, 2011.
Devol, A. H. and Hartnett, H. E.: Role of the oxygen-deficient zone in transfer of organic carbon to the deep ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1684–1690, 2001.
DeVries, T., Deutsch, C., Primeau, F., Chang, B., and Devol, A.: Global rates of water-column denitrification derived from nitrogen gas measurements, Nat. Geosci., 5, 547–550, 2012.
Fuchsman, C. A., Kirkpatrick, J. B., Brazelton, W. J., Murray, J. W., and Staley, J. T.: Metabolic strategies of free-living and aggregate-associated bacterial communities inferred from biologic and chemical profiles in the Black Sea suboxic zone, Fems Microbiol. Ecol., 78, 586–603, 2011.
Fuchsman, C. A., Staley, J. T., Oakley, B. B., Kirkpatrick, J. B., and Murray, J. W.: Free-living and aggregate-associated Planctomycetes in the Black Sea, Fems Microbiol. Ecol., 80, 402–416, 2012.
Gelin, F., Boogers, I., Noordeloos, A. A. M., Damste, J. S. S., Hatcher, P. G., and deLeeuw, J. W.: Novel, resistant microalgal polyethers: An important sink of organic carbon in the marine environment?, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 1275–1280, 1996.
Gelin, F., Volkman, J. K., Largeau, C., Derenne, S., Damste, J. S. S., and De Leeuw, J. W.: Distribution of aliphatic, nonhydrolyzable biopolymers in marine microalgae, Org. Geochem., 30, 147–159, 1999.
Goni, M. A. and Montgomery, S.: Alkaline CuO oxidation with a microwave digestion system: Lignin analyses of geochemical samples, Anal. Chem., 72, 3116–3121, 2000.
Goni, M. A., Aceves, H., Benitez-Nelson, B., Tappa, E., Thunell, R., Black, D. E., Muller-Karger, F., Astor, Y., and Varela, R.: Oceanographic and climatologic controls on the compositions and fluxes of biogenic materials in the water column and sediments of the Cariaco Basin over the Late Holocene, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 614–640, 2009.
Grand, M. M., Measures, C. I., Hatta, M., Hiscock, W. T., Buck, C. S., and Landing, W. M.: Dust deposition in the eastern Indian Ocean: The ocean perspective from Antarctica to the Bay of Bengal, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 357–374, 2015.
Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Ramaswamy, V., Nair, R. R., and Honjo, S.: Fluxes of amino acids and hexosamines to the deep Arabian Sea, Mar. Chem., 40, 291–314, 1992.
Hartnett, H. E., Keil, R. G., Hedges, J. I., and Devol, A. H.: Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon preservation in continental margin sediments, Nature, 391, 572–574, 1998.
Hartnett, H. E. and Devol, A. H.: Role of a strong oxygen-deficient zone in the preservation and degradation of organic matter: A carbon budget for the continental margins of northwest Mexico and Washington State, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 247–264, 2003.
Hebbeln, D., Marchant, M., and Wefer, G.: Seasonal variations of the particle flux in the Peru-Chile current at 30° S under “normal” and El Niño conditions, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2101–2128, 2000.
Hedges, J. I. and Keil, R. G.: Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis, Mar. Chem., 49, 81–115, 1995.
Hedges, J. I., Clark, W. A., and Cowie, G. L.: Fluxes and reactivities of organic matter in a coastal marine bay, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 1137–1152, 1988.
Hedges, J. I., Hu, F. S., Devol, A. H., Hartnett, H. E., Tsamakis, E., and Keil, R. G.: Sedimentary organic matter preservation: A test for selective degradation under oxic conditions, Am. J. Sci., 299, 529–555, 1999.
Hedges, J. I., Baldock, J. A., Gelinas, Y., Lee, C., Peterson, M. L., and Wakeham, S. G.: The biochemical and elemental compositions of marine plankton: A NMR perspective, Mar. Chem., 78, 47–63, 2002.
Howard, M. T., Winguth, A. M. E., Klaas, C., and Maier-Reimer, E.: Sensitivity of ocean carbon tracer distributions to particulate organic flux parameterizations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 384–393, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002499, 2006.
Jackson, G. A. and Burd, A. B.: A model for the distribution of particle flux in the mid-water column controlled by subsurface biotic interactions, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 193–217, 2002.
Jensen, M. M., Lam, P., Revsbech, N. P., Nagel, B., Gaye, B., Jetten, M. S. M., and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Intensive nitrogen loss over the Omani Shelf due to anammox coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium, Isme J., 5, 1660–1670, 2011.
Keil, R. G. and Cowie, G. L.: Organic matter preservation through the oxygen-deficient zone of the NE Arabian Sea as discerned by organic carbon : mineral surface area ratios, Mar. Geol., 161, 13–22, 1999.
Keil, R. G. and Mayer, L. M.: 12.12 – Mineral Matrices and Organic Matter, in: Turekian HDHK (ed) Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edn., Elsevier, Oxford, 337–359, 2014.
Keil, R. G., Dickens, A. F., Arnarson, T., Nunn, B. L., and Devol, A. H.: What is the oxygen exposure time of laterally transported organic matter along the Washington margin?, Mar. Chem., 92, 157–165, 2004.
Keil, R., Salemme, K., Forrest, B., Neibauer, J., and Logsdon, M.: Differential presence of anthropogenic compounds dissolved in the marine waters of Puget Sound, WA and Barkley Sound, BC, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62, 2404–2411, 2011.
Kennedy, M. J. and Wagner, T.: Clay mineral continental amplifier for marine carbon sequestration in a greenhouse ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 9776–9781, 2011.
Kennedy, P., Kennedy, H., and Papadimitriou, S.: The effect of acidification on the determination of organic carbon, total nitrogen and their stable isotopic composition in algae and marine sediment, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 19, 1063–1068, 2005.
Klaas, C. and Archer, D. E.: Association of sinking organic matter with various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: Implications for the rain ratio, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001765, 2002.
Kornberg, R. D.: Chromatin structure – repeating unit of histones and DNA, Science, 184, 868–871, 1974.
Kuypers, M. M. M., Sliekers, A. O., Lavik, G., Schmid, M., Jorgensen, B. B., Kuenen, J. G., Damste, J. S. S., Strous, M., and Jetten, M. S. M.: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea, Nature, 422, 608–611, 2003.
Lam, P. and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Processes in Oxygen Minimum Zones, Annual Review of Marine Science, 3, 317–345, 2011.
Lee, C.: Controls on organic carbon preservation – the use of stratified water bodies to compare rates of deomcposiiton in oxic and anoxic systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56, 3323–3335, 1992.
Lee, C., Murray, D. W., Barber, R. T., Buesseler, K. O., Dymond, J., Hedges, J. I., Honjo, S., Manganini, S. J., Marra, J., Moser, C., Peterson, M. L., Prell, W. L., Wakeham, S. G., and the Arabian Sea Carbon Flux Group: Particulate organic carbon fluxes: compilation of results from the 1995 US JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 45, 2489–2501, 1998. the author is 'the Sea Carbon Flux Group' and I think that my reference manager cut off the word 'group'. It should stay here in the authors list. Thanks
Lee, C., Armstrong, R. A., Cochran, J. K., Engel, A., Fowler, S. W., Goutx, M., Masque, P., Miquel, J. C., Peterson, M., Tamburini, C., and Wakeham, S.: MedFlux: Investigations of particle flux in the Twilight Zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 1363–1368, 2009.
Le Moigne, F. A. C., Sanders, R. J., Villa-Alfageme, M., Martin, A. P., Pabortsava, K., Planquette, H., Morris, P. J., and Thomalla, S. J.: On the proportion of ballast versus non-ballast associated carbon export in the surface ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 15610–15616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052980, 2012.
Le Moigne, F. A. C., Gallinari, M., Laurenceau, E., and De La Rocha, C. L.: Enhanced rates of particulate organic matter remineralization by microzooplankton are diminished by added ballast minerals, Biogeosciences, 10, 5755–5765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5755-2013, 2013.
Levin, L., Gutierrez, D., Rathburn, A., Neira, C., Sellanes, J., Munoz, P., Gallardo, V., and Salamanca, M.: Benthic processes on the Peru margin: a transect across the oxygen minimum zone during the 1997–98 El Nino, Prog. Oceanogr., 53, 1–27, 2002.
Levin, L. A., Liu, K. K., Emeis, K. C., Breitburg, D. L., Cloern, J., Deutsch, C., Giani, M., Goffart, A., Hofmann, E. E., Lachkar, Z., Limburg, K., Liu, S. M., Montes, E., Naqvi, W., Ragueneau, O., Rabouille, C., Sarkar, S. K., Swaney, D. P., Wassman, P., and Wishner, K. F.: Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins, J. Marine Syst., 141, 3–17, 2015.
Marchant, M., Hebbeln, D., Giglio, S., Coloma, C., and González, H. E.: Seasonal and interannual variability in the flux of planktic foraminifera in the Humboldt Current System off central Chile (30° S), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 51, 2441–2455, 2004.
Marsay, C. M., Sanders, R. J., Hensen, S. A., Pavortsava, K., Achterberg, E. P., and Lampitt, R. S.: Attenuation of sinking particulate organic carbon flux through the mesopelagic ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 1089–1094, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415311112, 2015.
Martin, J. H., Knauer, G. A., Karl, D. M., and Broenkow, W. W.: VERTEX – Carbon cycling in the North East Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 267–285, 1987.
Matsumoto, K.: Biology-mediated temperature control on atmospheric pCO2 and ocean biogeochemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031301, 2007.
Mayer, L. M.: Surface area control of the organic carbon accumulation in continental margin sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 58, 1271–1284, 1994.
McDonnell, A. M. P., Lam, P. J., Lamborg, C. H., Buesseler, K. O., Sanders, R., Riley, J. S., Marsay, C., Smith, H. E. K., Sargent, E. C., Lampitt, R. S., and Bishop, J. K. B.: The oceanographic toolbox for the collection of sinking and suspended marine particles, Prog. Oceanogr., 133, 17–31, 2015.
Meyersschulte, K. J. and Hedges, J. I.: Molecular evidence for a terrestrial component of organic matter in ocean water, Nature, 321, 61–63, 1986.
Naqvi, W. A.: Geographical extend of denitrification in the Arabian Sea in relation to some physical processes, Oceanol. Acta, 14, 281–290, 1991.
Newell, S. E., Babbin, A. R., Jayakumar, A., and Ward, B. B.: Ammonia oxidation rates and nitrification in the Arabian Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003940, 2011.
Nunn, B. L., Ting, Y. S., Malmstrom, L., Tsai, Y. S., Squier, A., Goodlett, D. R., and Harvey, H. R.: The path to preservation: Using proteomics to decipher the fate of diatom proteins during microbial degradation, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 1790–1804, 2010.
Passow, U., and De la Rocha, C. L.: Accumulation of mineral ballast on organic aggregates, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002579, 2006.
Paulmier, A. and Ruiz-Pino, D.: Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the modern ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 80, 113–128, 2009.
Peterson, M. L., Wakeham, S. G., Lee, C., Askea, M. A., and Miquel, J. C.: Novel techniques for collection of sinking particles in the ocean and determining their settling rates, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 3, 520–532, 2005.
Piraud, M., Vianey-Saban, C., Petritis, K., Elfakir, C., Steghens, J. P., and Bouchu, D.: Ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of 76 underivatized amino acids of biological interest: a new tool for the diagnosis of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 19, 1587–1602, 2005.
Ploug, H.: Small-scale oxygen fluxes and remineralization in sinking aggregates, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1624–1631, 2001.
Ploug, H., Iversen, M. H., and Fischer, G.: Ballast, sinking velocity, and apparent diffusivity within marine snow and zooplankton fecal pellets: Implications for substrate turnover by attached bacteria, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 1878–1886, 2008.
Riley, J. S., Sanders, R., Marsay, C., Le Moigne, F. A. C., Achterberg, E. P., and Poulton, A. J.: The relative contribution of fast and slow sinking particles to ocean carbon export, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 1026–1036, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004085, 2012.
Roland, L. A., McCarthy, M. D., and Guilderson, T.: Sources of molecularly uncharacterized organic carbon in sinking particles from three ocean basins: A coupled Delta 14C and delta 13C approach, Mar. Chem., 111, 199–213, 2008.
Roullier, F., Berline, L., Guidi, L., Durrieu De Madron, X., Picheral, M., Sciandra, A., Pesant, S., and Stemmann, L.: Particle size distribution and estimated carbon flux across the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone, Biogeosciences, 11, 4541–4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4541-2014, 2014.
Stramma, L., Schmidtko, S., Levin, L. A., and Johnson, G. C.: Ocean oxygen minima expansions and their biological impacts, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 57, 587–595, 2010.
Stramma, L., Prince, E. D., Schmidtko, S., Luo, J. G., Hoolihan, J. P., Visbeck, M., Wallace, D. W. R., Brandt, P., and Kortzinger, A.: Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes, Nature Climate Change, 2, 33–37, 2012.
Tanoue, E., Nishiyama, S., Kamo, M., and Tsugita, A.: Bacterial membranes – possible source of a major dissolved protein in seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 59, 2643–2648, 1995.
Thamdrup, B., Dalsgaard, T., and Revsbech, N. P.: Widespread functional anoxia in the oxygen minimum zone of the Eastern South Pacific, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 65, 36–45, 2012.
Tiano, L., Garcia-Robledo, E., Dalsgaard, T., Devol, A. H., Ward, B. B., Ulloa, O., Canfield, D. E., and Revsbech, N. P.: Oxygen distribution and aerobic respiration in the north and south eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zones, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 94, 173–183, 2014.
Ulloa, O., Canfield, D. E., DeLong, E. F., Letelier, R. M., and Stewart, F. J.: Microbial oceanography of anoxic oxygen minimum zones, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 15996–16003, 2012.
Vandewiele, S., Cowie, G., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: Amino acid biogeochemistry and organic matter degradation state across the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 376–392, 2009.
Van Mooy, B. A. S., Keil, R. G., and Devol, A. H.: Impact of suboxia on sinking particulate organic carbon: Enhanced carbon flux and preferential degradation of amino acids via denitrification, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 457–465, 2002.
Wang, D. Z., Dong, H. P., Xie, Z. X., Dai, M. H., and Hong, H. S.: Metaproteomic characterization of dissolved organic matter in the water column of the South China Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 1641–1652, 2011.
Ward, B. B., Tuit, C. B., Jayakumar, A., Rich, J. J., Moffett, J., and Naqvi, S. W. A.: Organic carbon, and not copper, controls denitrification in oxygen minimum zones of the ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 55, 1672–1683, 2008.
Ward, B. B., Devol, A. H., Rich, J. J., Chang, B. X., Bulow, S. E., Naik, H., Pratihary, A., and Jayakumar, A.: Denitrification as the dominant nitrogen loss process in the Arabian Sea, Nature, 461, 78–81, 2009.
Wishner, K. F., Gelfman, C., Gowing, M. M., Outram, D. M., Rapien, M., and Williams, R. L.: Vertical zonation and distributions of calanoid copepods through the lower oxycline of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone, Prog. Oceanogr., 78, 163–191, 2008.
Wishner, K. F., Outram, D. M., Seibel, B. A., Daly, K. L., and Williams, R. L.: Zooplankton in the eastern tropical north Pacific: Boundary effects of oxygen minimum zone expansion, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 79, 122–140, 2013.
Short summary
Drifting sediment traps were deployed in the oxygen-deficient waters of the Arabian Sea, where the sinking flux is less attenuated than in more oxic waters. Six mechanisms that might explain this "enhanced flux" were evaluated using literature and data. In the upper 500 m, evidence was found supporting an oxygen effect and/or changes in the efficiency of the microbial loop, including the addition of chemoautotrophic carbon to the sinking flux.
Drifting sediment traps were deployed in the oxygen-deficient waters of the Arabian Sea, where...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint