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BG | Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 24 Jun 2020
Research article | 24 Jun 2020
Assessing branched tetraether lipids as tracers of soil organic carbon transport through the Carminowe Creek catchment (southwest England)
Jingjing Guo et al.
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Margot J. Cramwinckel, Lineke Woelders, Emiel P. Huurdeman, Francien Peterse, Stephen J. Gallagher, Jörg Pross, Catherine E. Burgess, Gert-Jan Reichart, Appy Sluijs, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 16, 1667–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1667-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1667-2020, 2020
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Phases of past transient warming can be used as a test bed to study the environmental response to climate change independent of tectonic change. Using fossil plankton and organic molecules, here we reconstruct surface ocean temperature and circulation in and around the Tasman Gateway during a warming phase 40 million years ago termed the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum. We find that plankton assemblages track ocean circulation patterns, with superimposed variability being related to temperature.
Erin L. McClymont, Heather L. Ford, Sze Ling Ho, Julia C. Tindall, Alan M. Haywood, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Ian Bailey, Melissa A. Berke, Kate Littler, Molly O. Patterson, Benjamin Petrick, Francien Peterse, A. Christina Ravelo, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, George E. A. Swann, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Jessica E. Tierney, Carolien van der Weijst, Sarah White, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Anna S. von der Heydt, Stephen Hunter, Xiangyi Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 16, 1599–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, 2020
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We examine the sea-surface temperature response to an interval of climate ~ 3.2 million years ago, when CO2 concentrations were similar to today and the near future. Our geological data and climate models show that global mean sea-surface temperatures were 2.3 to 3.2 ºC warmer than pre-industrial climate, that the mid-latitudes and high latitudes warmed more than the tropics, and that the warming was particularly enhanced in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Loes G. J. van Bree, Francien Peterse, Allix J. Baxter, Wannes De Crop, Sigrid van Grinsven, Laura Villanueva, Dirk Verschuren, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-233, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
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Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are used as paleothermometer based on their temperature dependence in global soils, but aquatic production complicates its use in lakes. BrGDGTs in the water column of Lake Chala, tropical East Africa, respond to oxygen conditions and mixing. Changes in their signal can be linked to bacterial community composition rather than membrane adaptation to changing conditions. Their integrated signal in the sediment reflects mean air temperature.
Emily Dearing Crampton-Flood, Lars J. Noorbergen, Damian Smits, R. Christine Boschman, Timme H. Donders, Dirk K. Munsterman, Johan ten Veen, Francien Peterse, Lucas Lourens, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Clim. Past, 16, 523–541, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-523-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-523-2020, 2020
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The mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP; 3.3–3.0 million years ago) is thought to be the last geological interval with similar atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as the present day. Further, the mPWP was 2–3 °C warmer than present, making it a good analogue for estimating the effects of future climate change. Here, we construct a new precise age model for the North Sea during the mPWP, and provide a detailed reconstruction of terrestrial and marine climate using a multi-proxy approach.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-34, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-34, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
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The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found the groundwater containing high concentration of nutrients mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change of nutrients over time is determined by uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked more
dirtyduring winter.
Appy Sluijs, Joost Frieling, Gordon N. Inglis, Klaas G. J. Nierop, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-13, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for CP
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We revisit 15-year old reconstructions of sea surface temperatures of the Arctic Ocean for the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs (~57–53 million years ago), based on the distribution of fossil membrane lipids of archaea, preserved in Arctic Ocean sediments. We find that improvements in the methods over the past 15 years do not lead to different results. However, data quality is now higher and potential biases better characterized. Results confirm remarkable Arctic warmth during this time.
Anne Roepert, Lubos Polerecky, Esmee Geerken, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-424, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-424, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
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Here we investigated for the first time the spatial distribution of chlorine and fluorine in shell walls of 4 benthic foraminifera species: Ammonia tepida, Amphistegina lessonii, Archaias angulatus, and Sorites marginalis. Cross sections of specimens were imaged using nanoSIMS. The distribution of Cl and F is co-localized with organics in the rotaliid specimen and rather homogeneously distributed in miliolid specimens. We suggest the incorporation is governed by the biomineralization pathway.
Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, Xiaochen Liu, Joep J. Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, and Jack J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
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In this study we present CARBON-DISC 1.0. It couples the global water balance model PCR-GLOBWB with global carbon inputs from the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) at a 0.5° resolution and calculates gridcell-to-gridcell transport, C transformations, C emissions, C burial and primary production on a monthly timestep and without calibration.
Joep Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
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We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions. We use this database to construct the first global models and maps on DOC in soil pore water. Highest concentrations in shallow soils occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. Highest concentrations in deeper soils are calculated for Histosols. Our research enables a spatially explicit first estimation of dissolved carbon in soil solution on the global scale.
Charlotte Miller, Jemma Finch, Trevor Hill, Francien Peterse, Marc Humphries, Matthias Zabel, and Enno Schefuß
Clim. Past, 15, 1153–1170, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1153-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1153-2019, 2019
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Here we reconstruct vegetation and precipitation, in eastern South Africa, over the last 32 000 years, by measuring the stable carbon and hydrogen isotope composition of plant waxes from Mfabeni peat bog (KwaZulu-Natal). Our results indicate that the late Quaternary climate in eastern South Africa did not respond directly to orbital forcing or to changes in sea-surface temperatures. Our findings stress the influence of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in driving climate change in the region.
Nicole M. J. Geerlings, Eva-Maria Zetsche, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, Jack J. Middelburg, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 16, 811–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, 2019
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Multicellular cable bacteria form long filaments that can reach lengths of several centimeters. They affect the chemistry and mineralogy of their surroundings and vice versa. How the surroundings affect the cable bacteria is investigated. They show three different types of biomineral formation: (1) a polymer containing phosphorus in their cells, (2) a sheath of clay surrounding the surface of the filament and (3) the encrustation of a filament via a solid phase containing iron and phosphorus.
Ilja J. Kocken, Margot J. Cramwinckel, Richard E. Zeebe, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 15, 91–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, 2019
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Marine organic carbon burial could link the 405 thousand year eccentricity cycle in the long-term carbon cycle to that observed in climate records. Here, we simulate the response of the carbon cycle to astronomical forcing. We find a strong 2.4 million year cycle in the model output, which is present as an amplitude modulator of the 405 and 100 thousand year eccentricity cycles in a newly assembled composite record.
Loeka L. Jongejans, Jens Strauss, Josefine Lenz, Francien Peterse, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, and Guido Grosse
Biogeosciences, 15, 6033–6048, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018, 2018
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Arctic warming mobilizes belowground organic matter in northern high latitudes. This study focused on the size of organic carbon pools and organic matter quality in ice-rich permafrost on the Baldwin Peninsula, West Alaska. We analyzed biogeochemistry and found that three-quarters of the carbon is stored in degraded permafrost deposits. Nonetheless, using biomarker analyses, we showed that the organic matter in undisturbed yedoma permafrost has a higher potential for decomposition.
Julian D. Hartman, Francesca Sangiorgi, Ariadna Salabarnada, Francien Peterse, Alexander J. P. Houben, Stefan Schouten, Henk Brinkhuis, Carlota Escutia, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 14, 1275–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1275-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1275-2018, 2018
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We reconstructed sea surface temperatures for the Oligocene and Miocene periods (34–11 Ma) based on archaeal lipids from a site close to the Wilkes Land coast, Antarctica. Our record suggests generally warm to temperate surface waters: on average 17 °C. Based on the lithology, glacial and interglacial temperatures could be distinguished, showing an average 3 °C offset. The long-term temperature trend resembles the benthic δ18O stack, which may have implications for ice volume reconstructions.
Julie Lattaud, Frédérique Kirkels, Francien Peterse, Chantal V. Freymond, Timothy I. Eglinton, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Sergio Balzano, Laura Villanueva, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 4147–4161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, 2018
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Long-chain diols (LCDs) are biomarkers that occur widespread in marine environments and also in lakes and rivers. In this study, we looked at the distribution of LCDs in three river systems (Godavari, Danube, and Rhine) in relation to season, precipitation, and temperature. We found out that the LCDs are likely being produced in calm areas of the river systems and that marine LCDs have a different distribution than riverine LCDs.
Muhammed Ojoshogu Usman, Frédérique Marie Sophie Anne Kirkels, Huub Michel Zwart, Sayak Basu, Camilo Ponton, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Michael Ploetze, Negar Haghipour, Cameron McIntyre, Francien Peterse, Maarten Lupker, Liviu Giosan, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 15, 3357–3375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, 2018
Timme H. Donders, Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Roel Verreussel, Dirk Munsterman, Johan ten Veen, Robert P. Speijer, Johan W. H. Weijers, Francesca Sangiorgi, Francien Peterse, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Lucas Lourens, Gesa Kuhlmann, and Henk Brinkhuis
Clim. Past, 14, 397–411, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-397-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-397-2018, 2018
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The buildup and melting of ice during the early glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, around 2.5 million years ago, were far shorter in duration than during the last million years. Based on molecular compounds and microfossils from sediments dating back to the early glaciations we show that the temperature on land and in the sea changed simultaneously and was a major factor in the ice buildup in the Northern Hemisphere. These data provide key insights into the dynamics of early glaciations.
Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 15, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, 2018
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Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by geologists to better understand the sedimentary record, by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, by organic geochemists to elucidate compositional changes, and by ecologists to follow carbon transfers within food webs. These disciplinary approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. This award talk provides a synthesis, highlights the role of animals in sediment carbon processing and presents some new concepts.
Joost Frieling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jack J. Middelburg, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Steven M. Bohaty, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 14, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, 2018
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Past periods of rapid global warming such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum are used to study biotic response to climate change. We show that very high peak PETM temperatures in the tropical Atlantic (~ 37 ºC) caused heat stress in several marine plankton groups. However, only slightly cooler temperatures afterwards allowed highly diverse plankton communities to bloom. This shows that tropical plankton communities may be susceptible to extreme warming, but may also recover rapidly.
Dick van Oevelen, Christina E. Mueller, Tomas Lundälv, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 5789–5798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, 2016
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Cold-water corals form true hotspots of biodiversity in the cold and dark deep sea, but need to live off of only small amounts of food that reach the deep sea. Using chemical tracers, this study investigated whether cold-water corals are picky eaters. We found that under low food conditions, they do not differentiate between food sources but they do differentiate at high food concentrations. This adaptation suggests that they are well adapted to exploit short food pulses efficiently.
Clare Woulds, Steven Bouillon, Gregory L. Cowie, Emily Drake, Jack J. Middelburg, and Ursula Witte
Biogeosciences, 13, 4343–4357, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, 2016
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Estuarine sediments are important locations for carbon cycling and burial. We used tracer experiments to investigate how site conditions affect the way in which seafloor biological communities cycle carbon. We showed that while total respiration rates are primarily determined by temperature, total carbon processing by the biological community is strongly related to
its biomass. Further, we saw a distinct pattern of carbon cycling in sandy sediment, in which uptake by bacteria dominates.
Arthur H. W. Beusen, Alexander F. Bouwman, Ludovicus P. H. Van Beek, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 2441–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, 2016
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Intensifying anthropogenic activity over the 20th century including agriculture, water consumption, urbanization, and aquaculture has almost doubled the global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to streams and steadily increased the N : P ratio in freshwater bodies. Concurrently, the cumulative number of reservoirs has driven a rise in freshwater nutrient retention and removal. Still, river nutrient transport to the ocean has also nearly doubled, potentially stressing coastal environments.
A. H. W. Beusen, L. P. H. Van Beek, A. F. Bouwman, J. M. Mogollón, and J. J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 4045–4067, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, 2015
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The IMAGE-Global Nutrient Model (GNM) is used to study the impact of multiple environmental changes on N and P delivery to surface water and transport and in-stream retention in rivers, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs over prolonged time periods. N and P are delivered to water bodies via diffuse sources (agriculture and natural ecosystems) and wastewater. N and P retention in a water body is calculated on the basis of the residence time of the water and nutrient uptake velocity.
D. Graeber, G. Goyenola, M. Meerhoff, E. Zwirnmann, N. B. Ovesen, M. Glendell, J. Gelbrecht, F. Teixeira de Mello, I. González-Bergonzoni, E. Jeppesen, and B. Kronvang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2377–2394, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2377-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2377-2015, 2015
M. Hagens, C. P. Slomp, F. J. R. Meysman, D. Seitaj, J. Harlay, A. V. Borges, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 12, 1561–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, 2015
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This study looks at the combined impacts of hypoxia and acidification, two major environmental stressors affecting coastal systems, in a seasonally stratified basin. Here, the surface water experiences less seasonality in pH than the bottom water despite higher process rates. This is due to a substantial reduction in the acid-base buffering capacity of the bottom water as it turns hypoxic in summer. This highlights the crucial role of the buffering capacity as a modulating factor in pH dynamics.
F. Peterse, C. M. Moy, and T. I. Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 12, 933–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-933-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-933-2015, 2015
A. de Kluijver, P. L. Schoon, J. A. Downing, S. Schouten, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 11, 6265–6276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, 2014
J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 11, 2357–2371, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2357-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2357-2014, 2014
C. E. Mueller, A. I. Larsson, B. Veuger, J. J. Middelburg, and D. van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 11, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, 2014
L. Pozzato, D. Van Oevelen, L. Moodley, K. Soetaert, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 6879–6891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, 2013
B. Veuger, A. Pitcher, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1775–1785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, 2013
A. de Kluijver, K. Soetaert, J. Czerny, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, U. Riebesell, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1425–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, 2013
K. A. Koho, K. G. J. Nierop, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, L. Pozzato, K. Soetaert, J. van der Plicht, and G-J. Reichart
Biogeosciences, 10, 1131–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, 2013
A. F. Bouwman, M. F. P. Bierkens, J. Griffioen, M. M. Hefting, J. J. Middelburg, H. Middelkoop, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013
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Effects of nitrate and phosphate supply on chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic: a mesocosm study
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld
Biogeosciences, 17, 3545–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, 2020
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Anoxic sediments mostly contain much more organic matter than oxic ones, and therefore organic matter in anoxic settings is often considered to be preserved better than in oxic settings. However, through the analysis of the same fossil dinoflagellate cyst species from both oxic and anoxic settings, we show that at a molecular level the preservation in the oxic sediments may be better since in the anoxic setting the cyst macromolecule has been altered by postdepositional modification.
Zhuo-Yi Zhu, Joanne Oakes, Bradley Eyre, Youyou Hao, Edwin Sien Aun Sia, Shan Jiang, Moritz Müller, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2473–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, 2020
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Samples were collected in August 2016 in the Rajang River and its estuary, with tropical forest in the river basin and peatland in the estuary. Organic matter composition was influenced by transportation in the river basin, whereas peatland added clear biodegraded parts to the fluvial organic matter, which implies modification of the initial lability and/or starting points in the subsequent degradation and alternation processes after the organic matter enters the sea.
Wenjie Xiao, Yasong Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Xi Zhang, Linlin Shi, and Yunping Xu
Biogeosciences, 17, 2135–2148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, 2020
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The hadal zone (6–11 km depth) is the least explored habitat on Earth. We studied microbial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. One unique feature is the strong predominance of 6-methyl brGDGT, which likely reflects an adaption of brGDGT-producing bacteria to alkaline seawater and low temperature. BrGDGTs, with elemental and isotopic data, suggest an autochthonous product for brGDGT. A new approach is proposed for brGDGT sourcing.
Yuge Bai, Edisson Subdiaga, Stefan B. Haderlein, Heike Knicker, and Andreas Kappler
Biogeosciences, 17, 683–698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, 2020
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Biogeochemical processes of SOM are key for greenhouse gas emission and water quality. We extracted SOM by water or by NaOH–HCl under oxic–anoxic conditions. Chemical and anoxic extractions lead to higher SOM electron exchange capacities, resulting in stimulation of microbial Fe(III) reduction. Therefore, aqueous pH-neutral SOM extracts should be used to reflect environmental SOM redox processes, and artifacts of chemical extractions need to be considered when evaluating SOM redox processes.
Yan Shen, Volker Thiel, Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, and Joachim Reitner
Biogeosciences, 17, 649–666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, 2020
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Today, sterols are widespread in plants, animals, and fungi but are almost absent in the oldest rocks. Microbial mats, representing the earliest complex ecosystems on Earth, were omnipresent in Precambrian marine environments and may have degraded the sterols at that time. Here we analyze the distribution of sterols through a microbial mat. This provides insight into how variations in biological and nonbiological factors affect the preservation of sterols in modern and ancient microbial mats.
Alexandra N. Loginova, Andrew W. Dale, Frédéric A. C. LeMoigne, Sören Thomsen, Stefan Sommer, Klaus Wallmann, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-489, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
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The eastern tropical South Pacific is highly productive. Particles that sink out of the surface ocean reach anoxic sediments and are utilized by microbes. Thereby a fraction of organic matter is released in dissolved form (DOM). Here, we quantify DOM release from pore waters and near-bottom waters, and examine DOM cycling at the sediment-water interface. Our results suggest that sediment release of DOM contributes substantially to nitrogen loss processes in the ETSP off Peru.
Sarah Coffinet, Travis B. Meador, Lukas Mühlena, Kevin W. Becker, Jan Schröder, Qing-Zeng Zhu, Julius S. Lipp, Verena B. Heuer, Matthew P. Crump, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Biogeosciences, 17, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, 2020
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This study deals with two membrane lipids called BDGTs and PDGTs. Membrane lipids are molecules forming the cell envelope of all organisms. Different organisms produce different lipids thus they can be used to detect the presence of specific organisms in the environment. We analyzed the structure of these new lipids and looked for potential producers. We found that they are likely made by microbes emitting methane below the sediment surface and could be used to track these specific microbes.
Ying Wu, Kun Zhu, Jing Zhang, Moritz Müller, Shan Jiang, Aazani Mujahid, Mohd Fakharuddin Muhamad, and Edwin Sien Aun Sia
Biogeosciences, 16, 4517–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, 2019
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Our understanding of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) in tropical peat-draining rivers remains limited, especially in Southeast Asia. We explored the characteristics of TOM via bulk parameters and lignin phenols of sediment in Malaysia. This showed that the most important plant source of the organic matter in these rivers is woody angiosperm C3 plants with limited diagenetic alteration. This slower degradation of TOM may be a link to higher total nitrogen content, especially for the small river.
Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Sylvain Agostini, Ben P. Harvey, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 16, 4451–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, 2019
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Carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) in the atmosphere play an integral role in Earth system dynamics, especially climate. Past climates help us understand future ones, but reconstructing pCO2 over the geologic record remains a challenge. This research demonstrates new approaches for exploring past pCO2 via the carbon isotope fractionation in general algal lipids, which we test over a high CO2 gradient from a naturally occurring CO2 seep.
Yongli Zhou, Patrick Martin, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 16, 2733–2749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, 2019
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We found that peatlands in coastal Sarawak, Borneo, export extremely humified organic matter, which dominates the riverine organic matter pool and conservatively mixes with seawater, while the freshly produced fraction is low and stable in concentration at all salinities. We estimated that terrigenous fractions, which showed high photolability, still account for 20 % of the coastal dissolved organic carbon pool, implying the importance of peat-derived organic matter in the coastal carbon cycle.
Kristin Doering, Claudia Ehlert, Philippe Martinez, Martin Frank, and Ralph Schneider
Biogeosciences, 16, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, 2019
Alexandra N. Loginova, Sören Thomsen, Marcus Dengler, Jan Lüdke, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 2033–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, 2019
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High primary production in the Peruvian upwelling system is followed by rapid heterotrophic utilization of organic matter and supports the formation of one of the most intense oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world. Here, we estimated vertical fluxes of oxygen and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the surface to the OMZ. Our results suggest that DOM remineralization substantially reduces oxygen concentration in the upper water column and controls the shape of the upper oxycline.
Carolina Cisternas-Novoa, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 927–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019, 2019
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We investigate the composition and vertical fluxes of POM in two deep basins of the Baltic Sea (GB: Gotland Basin and LD: Landsort Deep). The two basins showed different O2 regimes resulting from the intrusion of oxygen-rich water from the North Sea that ventilated the deep waters in GB, but not in LD.
In GB, O2 intrusions lead to a high abundance of manganese oxides that aggregate with POM, altering its composition and vertical flux and contributing to a higher POC transfer efficiency in GB.
Marina Zamanillo, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Sdena Nunes, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Manuel Dall'Osto, Marta Estrada, Maria Montserrat Sala, and Rafel Simó
Biogeosciences, 16, 733–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-733-2019, 2019
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Many marine microorganisms produce polysaccharide-rich transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) for rather unknown reasons but with important consequences for the ocean carbon cycle, sea–air gas exchange and formation of organic aerosols. Here we compare surface–ocean distributions of TEPs and physical, chemical and biological variables along a N–S transect in the Atlantic Ocean. Our data suggest that phytoplankton and not bacteria are the main TEP producers, and solar radiation acts as a sink.
Michael Philben, Sara Butler, Sharon A. Billings, Ronald Benner, Kate A. Edwards, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 15, 6731–6746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6731-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6731-2018, 2018
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We explored the relationship between chemical composition and the temperature sensitivity of moss decomposition using 959-day lab incubations. Mass loss was low despite the predominance of carbohydrates, indicating the persistence of labile C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed little change in the moss cell-wall structure. These results suggest that the moss cell-wall matrix protects labile C from decomposition, contributing to the globally important stocks of moss-derived C.
Yinghui Wang, Robert G. M. Spencer, David C. Podgorski, Anne M. Kellerman, Harunur Rashid, Phoebe Zito, Wenjie Xiao, Dandan Wei, Yuanhe Yang, and Yunping Xu
Biogeosciences, 15, 6637–6648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6637-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6637-2018, 2018
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With global warming, thawing of permafrost releases dissolved organic matter (DOM) into streams. By analyzing DOM along an alpine stream on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, we found DOM was mainly from the active layer, but with deepening of the active layer, the contribution of the deep permafrost layer increased, causing a change in the chemical composition of DOM. From the head- to downstream, DOM is undergoing rapid degradation, but some components are persistent and can be transported downstream.
Sergio Balzano, Julie Lattaud, Laura Villanueva, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Judith van Bleijswijk, Nicole Bale, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 5951–5968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5951-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5951-2018, 2018
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We tried to identify the microbes which biosynthesize a class of lipids widespread in seawater, the long chain alkyl diols (LCDs). We could not find any microorganism likely involved in the production of LCDs. The amounts of LCDs found are too high to be produced by living organisms and are likely to be part of the refractory organic matter persisting for long periods in the water column.
Julie Lattaud, Frédérique Kirkels, Francien Peterse, Chantal V. Freymond, Timothy I. Eglinton, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Sergio Balzano, Laura Villanueva, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 4147–4161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, 2018
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Long-chain diols (LCDs) are biomarkers that occur widespread in marine environments and also in lakes and rivers. In this study, we looked at the distribution of LCDs in three river systems (Godavari, Danube, and Rhine) in relation to season, precipitation, and temperature. We found out that the LCDs are likely being produced in calm areas of the river systems and that marine LCDs have a different distribution than riverine LCDs.
Marcel Bliedtner, Imke K. Schäfer, Roland Zech, and Hans von Suchodoletz
Biogeosciences, 15, 3927–3936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3927-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3927-2018, 2018
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In this study, we systematically analyze leaf wax derived n-alkane patterns in eastern Georgia to test their potential for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the semi-humid to semi-arid central southern Caucasus region. We investigated the influence of vegetation types on the leaf wax signal in modern plants and topsoil material. Our results show distinct and systematic differences in the n-alkane patterns between vegetation types and prove their potential for vegetation reconstructions.
Mathieu Rembauville, Stéphane Blain, Clara Manno, Geraint Tarling, Anu Thompson, George Wolff, and Ian Salter
Biogeosciences, 15, 3071–3084, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3071-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3071-2018, 2018
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Sinking phytoplankton from the surface ocean provide the principal energy source to deep-ocean ecosystems. Our aim was to understand how different phytoplankton communities impact the chemical nature of this sinking material. We show certain types of phytoplankton can preferentially export energy-rich storage compounds to the seafloor. Any climate-driven effects on phytoplankton community structure could thus impact remote deep-ocean ecosystems thousands of kilometres beneath the surface.
Xiaocong Wei, Xiangwen Deng, Wenhua Xiang, Pifeng Lei, Shuai Ouyang, Hongfang Wen, and Liang Chen
Biogeosciences, 15, 2991–3002, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2991-2018, 2018
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Karst is a kind of typical calcium-rich environment, which is widely distributed. We measured the Ca2+ content of 41 plant species, as well as soil total Ca2+ and exchange Ca2+. We found out that different plants have different ways to high Ca2+ adaptation. According to the different high Ca2+ adaptation of the 17 dominant species, we divided them into 3 categories: Ca-indifferent plants, high-Ca plants and low-Ca plants. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration.
Janina G. Stapel, Georg Schwamborn, Lutz Schirrmeister, Brian Horsfield, and Kai Mangelsdorf
Biogeosciences, 15, 1969–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1969-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1969-2018, 2018
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Climate warming in the Arctic results in thawing of permafrost deposits. This promotes the accessibility of freeze-locked old organic matter (OM) accumulated during the past. Characterizing OM of different depositional ages, we were able to show that OM from last glacial Yedoma deposits possess the highest potential to provide organic substrates such as acetate for microbial greenhouse gas production and therefore to accelerate the carbon–climate feedback cycle during ongoing global warming.
Changchun Huang, Quanliang Jiang, Ling Yao, Hao Yang, Chen Lin, Tao Huang, A-Xing Zhu, and Yimin Zhang
Biogeosciences, 15, 1827–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1827-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1827-2018, 2018
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The latitudinal dependency of POC / PON in ocean and inland water is significant, regulated by trophic state and climate, etc. factors. POC / PON significantly increased from coastal water (6.89 ± 2.38) to open ocean (7.59 ± 4.22) with the increasing rate of 0.0024 / km. The re-examination of the global relationship between, and variations in, POC and PON could be important for the global and regional coupling between the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the ocean and freshwater.
Nicole J. Bale, Tracy A. Villareal, Ellen C. Hopmans, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Marc Besseling, Denise Dorhout, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 1229–1241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1229-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1229-2018, 2018
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Associations between diatoms and N-fixing cyanobacteria (diatom–diazotroph associations, DDAs) play an important role in the N cycle of the tropical North Atlantic. Heterocysts are the site of N fixation and contain unique glycolipids. We measured these glycolipids in the water column and surface sediment from the tropical North Atlantic. We found a significant correlation between the concentration of glycolipid and of DDAs, strengthening their application as biomarkers.
Laurent Jeanneau, Richard Rowland, and Shreeram Inamdar
Biogeosciences, 15, 973–985, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-973-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-973-2018, 2018
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The source of particulate organic matter in headwaters during storm events remains an open question. We use the molecular composition of organic matter sampled during four spring–summer storms and compare it to potential sources. We identify litter, streambed and vicinal soils as the main sources of particulate organic matter. Their proportions depend on (i) the size of the catchment and (ii) the rain event.
Suhui Ma, Feng He, Di Tian, Dongting Zou, Zhengbing Yan, Yulong Yang, Tiancheng Zhou, Kaiyue Huang, Haihua Shen, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 15, 693–702, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-693-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-693-2018, 2018
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Plant carbon (C) content is critical to the assessment of the global C cycle. Our results showed that the global average C contents in organs were significantly lower than a canonical value of 50 %. Plant C content tended to decrease with increasing latitude, and life form explained more variation than climate. Our findings suggest that specific C content values of different organs and life forms should be incorporated into the estimations of regional and global vegetation biomass C stocks.
Martina Sollai, Ellen C. Hopmans, Nicole J. Bale, Anchelique Mets, Lisa Warden, Matthias Moros, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 14, 5789–5804, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5789-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5789-2017, 2017
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The Baltic Sea is characterized by recurring summer phytoplankton blooms, dominated by a few cyanobacterial species. These bacteria are able to use dinitrogen gas as the source for nitrogen and produce very specific lipids. We analyzed these lipids in a sediment core to study their presence over the past 7000 years. This reveals that cyanobacterial blooms have not only occurred in the last decades but were common at times when the Baltic was connected to the North Sea.
Jordon D. Hemingway, Daniel H. Rothman, Sarah Z. Rosengard, and Valier V. Galy
Biogeosciences, 14, 5099–5114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5099-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5099-2017, 2017
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The balance between organic matter (OM) fixation and decay is a major control on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Understanding the environmental, chemical, and physical mechanisms that control the distribution of OM decay rates is therefore critical for constraining the global carbon cycle. In this manuscript, we derive a method to relate OM reactivity to its isotope composition using a kinetic model and provide a novel framework to discern the controls on OM decay rates.
Zuchuan Li and Nicolas Cassar
Biogeosciences, 14, 5015–5027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5015-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5015-2017, 2017
Marie Denis, Laurent Jeanneau, Patrice Petitjean, Anaëlle Murzeau, Marine Liotaud, Louison Yonnet, and Gérard Gruau
Biogeosciences, 14, 5039–5051, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5039-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5039-2017, 2017
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The results of this study highlight the changes of DOM composition in soil solutions and surface runoff, probably controlled by water-table dynamics and pre-event hydrological conditions. These changes should be taken into account for a better understanding of micropollutant mobility. Moreover, this work has implications for modeling DOM export in headwater catchments, as many studies assume that DOM transfer during storm events consists of the flushing of pre-existing soil solution DOM.
Dandan Duan, Dainan Zhang, Yu Yang, Jingfu Wang, Jing'an Chen, and Yong Ran
Biogeosciences, 14, 4009–4022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4009-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4009-2017, 2017
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Neutral carbohydrates, carbon isotopic composition, and algal productivity proxies in three reservoir sediment cores, South China, were investigated. Monosaccharide compositions and diagnostic parameters indicate a predominant contribution of phytoplankton in the sediment cores. Algal monosaccharide content is highly related to the algal productivity and increasing mean air temperature, but not to nutrient input, demonstrating the effect of climate warming in low-latitude regions.
Ylva van Meeningen, Guy Schurgers, Riikka Rinnan, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 14, 4045–4060, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4045-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4045-2017, 2017
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Leaf scale measurements have been performed on English oak, European beech and Norway spruce at a field site in Denmark to study the release of volatile compounds in response to a change in light. Whilst some compounds, like isoprene and sabinene, increased with increasing light, other compounds, like camphene, showed no light response for most of the trees. This can help to increase our knowledge of how species and compounds respond to light and to possibly improve how they can be modeled.
Shuwen Sun, Enno Schefuß, Stefan Mulitza, Cristiano M. Chiessi, André O. Sawakuchi, Matthias Zabel, Paul A. Baker, Jens Hefter, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 14, 2495–2512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2495-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2495-2017, 2017
Anja Engel, Hannes Wagner, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Samuel T. Wilson
Biogeosciences, 14, 1825–1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1825-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1825-2017, 2017
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To better understand the role of oxygen for the biological carbon pump, we studied particle fluxes through hypoxic waters in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Attenuation of organic carbon fluxes over depth was lower than expected from seawater temperatures, indicating co-effects of oxygen concentration. Differences were observed for individual organic components, suggesting that future carbon export fluxes may depend on changes in surface ocean organic matter quality under global change.
Julie Tolu, Johan Rydberg, Carsten Meyer-Jacob, Lorenz Gerber, and Richard Bindler
Biogeosciences, 14, 1773–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1773-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1773-2017, 2017
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In this study, we demonstrated that the composition of sediment organic matter can vary significantly within a single lake, in a close relationship with the spatial patterns of elemental inorganic geochemistry. This results from a combination of different bio-, geo- and physicochemical lake factors, and our results highlight that the potential for large spatial variability across lakes should be considered when studying carbon, nutrient and trace element cycling at lake and global scales.
Emma L. Cavan, Stephanie A. Henson, Anna Belcher, and Richard Sanders
Biogeosciences, 14, 177–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-177-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-177-2017, 2017
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The biological carbon pump (BCP) plays a key role in regulating atmospheric CO2. Controls on the efficiency at which this occurs are poorly known. Here we combine in situ observations with an ecosystem model to show that zooplankton have an important role in regulating the efficiency of the BCP. Predicted future changes in ocean conditions, such as expansion of oxygen minimum zones, may decrease the role of zooplankton in the BCP globally, increasing its efficiency and altering atmospheric CO2.
Joan A. Salvadó, Tommaso Tesi, Marcus Sundbom, Emma Karlsson, Martin Kruså, Igor P. Semiletov, Elena Panova, and Örjan Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 13, 6121–6138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6121-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6121-2016, 2016
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Fluvial discharge and coastal erosion of the permafrost-dominated East Siberian Arctic delivers large quantities of terrigenous organic carbon (Terr-OC) to marine waters. We assessed its fate and composition in different marine pools with a suite of biomarkers. The dissolved organic carbon is transporting off-shelf “young” and fresh vascular plant material, while sedimentary and near-bottom particulate organic carbon preferentially carries old organic carbon released from thawing permafrost.
Ylva van Meeningen, Guy Schurgers, Riikka Rinnan, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 13, 6067–6080, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6067-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6067-2016, 2016
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English oak and European beech are common European trees known to release volatile compounds such as isoprene and monoterpenes. By doing leaf chamber measurements at three sites in Europe, the aim was to study how the emission differed for cloned trees growing at different sites. The measured emission rates from clones varied between sites, but the relative compound contribution was stable both within and between sites. This can help to increase our knowledge of emission pattern variability.
Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Joan A. Salvadó, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, and Örjan Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 13, 5003–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5003-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5003-2016, 2016
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Thawing permafrost may release large amounts of terrestrial organic carbon (TerrOC) to the Arctic Ocean. We assessed its fate in the marine environment with a suite of biomarkers. Across the Laptev Sea their concentrations in surface sediments decreased significantly and showed a trend to qualitatively more degraded TerrOC with increasing water depth. We infer that the degree of degradation of TerrOC is a function of the time spent under oxic conditions during protracted cross-shelf transport.
Juliane Bischoff, Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Robert G. M. Spencer, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, Dirk Wagner, Elizaveta Rivkina, Bart E. van Dongen, and Helen M. Talbot
Biogeosciences, 13, 4899–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, 2016
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The Arctic contains a large pool of carbon that is vulnerable to warming and can be released by rivers and coastal erosion. We study microbial lipids (BHPs) in permafrost and shelf sediments to trace the source, transport and fate of this carbon. BHPs in permafrost deposits are released to the shelf by rivers and coastal erosion, in contrast to other microbial lipids (GDGTs) that are transported by rivers. Several further analyses are needed to understand the complex East Siberian Shelf system.
Lisa Thieme, Daniel Graeber, Martin Kaupenjohann, and Jan Siemens
Biogeosciences, 13, 4697–4705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4697-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4697-2016, 2016
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Freezing can affect dissolved organic matter properties and concentrations. Nevertheless, water samples are regularly frozen for sample preservation. To test, if fast-freezing with liquid nitrogen instead of normal freezing at −18 °C can prevent changes in DOM characteristics, we compared fresh and differently frozen terrestrial water samples. We found that fast-freezing with liquid nitrogen can prevent bulk organic matter concentrations but not its spectroscopic properties.
Michael Gonsior, Juliana Valle, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Norbert Hertkorn, David Bastviken, Jenna Luek, Mourad Harir, Wanderley Bastos, and Alex Enrich-Prast
Biogeosciences, 13, 4279–4290, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4279-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4279-2016, 2016
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We present in this study a highly diverse and complex chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Amazon Basin analyzed by modern ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and optical property analyses. DOM within the Rio Madeira (white water), Rio Negro (black water) and Rio Tapajós (clear water) area showed a large overlap of thousands of molecular formulae, but also unique signatures were apparent for each region, with significant correlations to colored DOM.
Emily C. O'Donnell, Jemma L. Wadham, Grzegorz P. Lis, Martyn Tranter, Amy E. Pickard, Marek Stibal, Paul Dewsbury, and Sean Fitzsimons
Biogeosciences, 13, 3833–3846, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3833-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3833-2016, 2016
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We use a novel ion chromatographic analysis that provides the first identification and quantification of major low-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon (LMW-DOC) compounds in basal ice. LMW-DOC concentrations were dependent on the bioavailability of the overridden organic carbon, which in turn was influenced by the type of overridden material. The overridden material may thus act as a direct (abiotic leaching) and indirect (microbial cycling) source of DOC to the subglacial environment.
Marc Tedetti, Lauriane Marie, Rüdiger Röttgers, Martine Rodier, France Van Wambeke, Sandra Helias, Mathieu Caffin, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, and Cécile Dupouy
Biogeosciences, 13, 3283–3303, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3283-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3283-2016, 2016
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In the framework of the VAHINE project, we investigated the spectral characteristics and the variability of dissolved and particulate chromophoric materials throughout a 23-day mesocosm experiment conducted in the south-west Pacific at the mouth of the New Caledonian coral lagoon. We found that the dynamics of CDOM and particulate matter absorption were strongly coupled with those of cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp. and bacterial production.
Katharina Lenhart, Thomas Klintzsch, Gerald Langer, Gernot Nehrke, Michael Bunge, Sylvia Schnell, and Frank Keppler
Biogeosciences, 13, 3163–3174, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3163-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3163-2016, 2016
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In this study we investigated marine algae as a source of CH4 in oxic surface waters of oceans. Algae-derived CH4 may explain the CH4 oversaturating state within the surface mixed layer, sometimes also termed the "oceanic methane paradox".
This finding of an overlooked source of CH4 in marine environments will be of considerable importance to scientists in many disciplines because algae play a crucial role in organic matter cycling in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Norbert Hertkorn, Mourad Harir, Kaelin M. Cawley, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, and Rudolf Jaffé
Biogeosciences, 13, 2257–2277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2257-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2257-2016, 2016
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Wetlands commonly feature high levels of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM), a critical component in their biogeochemical functions. Here we describe the first detailed, comparative, molecular characterization of DOM in three sub-tropical, pulsed, wetlands, using optical properties, high field nuclear magnetic resonance and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, and compare compositional features to variations in organic matter sources and flooding characteristics.
Richard G. Keil, Jacquelyn A. Neibauer, Christina Biladeau, Kelsey van der Elst, and Allan H. Devol
Biogeosciences, 13, 2077–2092, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2077-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2077-2016, 2016
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Drifting sediment traps were deployed in the oxygen-deficient waters of the Arabian Sea, where the sinking flux is less attenuated than in more oxic waters. Six mechanisms that might explain this "enhanced flux" were evaluated using literature and data. In the upper 500 m, evidence was found supporting an oxygen effect and/or changes in the efficiency of the microbial loop, including the addition of chemoautotrophic carbon to the sinking flux.
Ying Zhao, Kaishan Song, Zhidan Wen, Lin Li, Shuying Zang, Tiantian Shao, Sijia Li, and Jia Du
Biogeosciences, 13, 1635–1645, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1635-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1635-2016, 2016
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Our results of this study show that two humic-like C peaks and two protein-like B and T peaks were identified from CDOM using PARAFAC for investigated lakes. The average fluorescence intensity of the components differed seasonally. Components 1 and 2 exhibited strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.63). Significantly positive linear relationships, between aCDOM and Fmax, and between DOC and salinity (R2 = 0.93), were revealed.
Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Mari Pihlatie, Janne F. J. Korhonen, Janne Levula, Arnoud K. F. Frumau, Andreas Ibrom, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Lourdes Morillas, László Horváth, Stephanie K. Jones, and Ülo Niinemets
Biogeosciences, 13, 1621–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1621-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1621-2016, 2016
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We studied tree and grass litter decomposition across several climates in Europe. Climatic (air temperature, precipitation and soil water content) controls on litter decomposition were quantitatively more important than species or site of origin. The data were used to generate prediction models of remaining litter mass, and carbon and nitrogen contents during the decomposition period. We also observed a significant drop in remaining litter mass after the first couple of days of decomposition.
A. N. Loginova, C. Borchard, J. Meyer, H. Hauss, R. Kiko, and A. Engel
Biogeosciences, 12, 6897–6914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6897-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6897-2015, 2015
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Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly...
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