Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
Biogeosciences, 17, 6247–6270, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6247-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Biogeosciences, 17, 6247–6270, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6247-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 10 Dec 2020
Research article | 10 Dec 2020
Water flow controls the spatial variability of methane emissions in a northern valley fen ecosystem
Hui Zhang et al.
Related authors
No articles found.
Thomas Thorp, Stephen R. Arnold, Richard J. Pope, Dominick V. Spracklen, Luke Conibear, Christoph Knote, Mikhail Arshinov, Boris Belan, Eija Asmi, Tuomas Laurila, Andrei I. Skorokhod, Tuomo Nieminen, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4677–4697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compare modelled near-surface pollutants with surface and satellite observations to better understand the controls on the regional concentrations of pollution in western Siberia for late spring and summer in 2011. We find two commonly used emission inventories underestimate human emissions when compared to observations. Transport emissions are the main source of pollutants within the region during this period, whilst fire emissions peak during June and are only significant south of 60° N.
Elisa Vainio, Olli Peltola, Ville Kasurinen, Antti-Jussi Kieloaho, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, and Mari Pihlatie
Biogeosciences, 18, 2003–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied forest floor methane exchange over an area of 10 ha in a boreal pine forest. The results demonstrate high spatial variability in soil moisture and consequently in the methane flux. We detected wet patches emitting high amounts of methane in the early summer; however, these patches turned to methane uptake in the autumn. We concluded that the small-scale spatial variability of the boreal forest methane flux highlights the importance of soil chamber placement in similar studies.
Lauri Heiskanen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Aleksi Räsänen, Tarmo Virtanen, Sari Juutinen, Annalea Lohila, Timo Penttilä, Maiju Linkosalmi, Juha Mikola, Tuomas Laurila, and Mika Aurela
Biogeosciences, 18, 873–896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied ecosystem- and plant-community-level carbon (C) exchange between subarctic mire and the atmosphere during 2017–2018. We found strong spatial variation in CO2 and CH4 dynamics between the main plant communities. The earlier onset of growing season in 2018 strengthened the CO2 sink of the ecosystem, but this gain was counterbalanced by a later drought period. Variation in water table level, soil temperature and vegetation explained most of the variation in ecosystem-level C exchange.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, M. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Thomas Friborg, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Joachim Jansen, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximon, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-307, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-307, 2021
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Jari Walden, Liisa Pirjola, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Heidi Pettersson, Tuomas Walden, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Harri Nordlund, Toivo Truuts, Miika Meretoja, and Kimmo K. Kahma
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1086, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Ship emissions play an important role in deposition of gaseous compounds and nanoparticles affecting climate, human health especially at coastal areas, and eutrophication. Results by micrometeorological methods showed that ship emissions were mainly responsible for deposition of Ntot, whereas they accounted a minor proportion for CO2 deposition. Uncertainty analysis applied to the results of the fluxes and fuel sulfur contents of the ships demonstrate reliability of the results.
Pavel Alekseychik, Aino Korrensalo, Ivan Mammarella, Samuli Launiainen, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Ilkka Korpela, and Timo Vesala
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-488, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-488, 2021
Preprint under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Bogs of Northern Eurasia represent a major type of peatland ecosystem and contain vast amounts of carbon, but carbon balance monitoring studies on bogs remain scarce. The current project explores six years of carbon balance data obtained using the state-of-art eddy-covariance technique at a Finnish bog Siikaneva. The results reveal relatively low interannual variability indicative of ecosystem resilience to both cool and hot summers, and provides new insight into the seasonal course of C fluxes.
Camille Yver-Kwok, Carole Philippon, Peter Bergamaschi, Tobias Biermann, Francescopiero Calzolari, Huilin Chen, Sebastien Conil, Paolo Cristofanelli, Marc Delmotte, Juha Hatakka, Michal Heliasz, Ove Hermansen, Kateřina Komínková, Dagmar Kubistin, Nicolas Kumps, Olivier Laurent, Tuomas Laurila, Irene Lehner, Janne Levula, Matthias Lindauer, Morgan Lopez, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Per Marklund, Jean-Marc Metzger, Meelis Mölder, Stephen M. Platt, Michel Ramonet, Leonard Rivier, Bert Scheeren, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Paul Smith, Martin Steinbacher, Gabriela Vítková, and Simon Wyss
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 89–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-89-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-89-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a pan-European research infrastructure which provides harmonized and high-precision scientific data on the carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. All stations have to undergo a rigorous assessment before being labeled, i.e., receiving approval to join the network. In this paper, we present the labeling process for the ICOS atmospheric network through the 23 stations that were labeled between November 2017 and November 2019.
Laura Heimsch, Annalea Lohila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Henriikka Vekuri, Jussi Heinonsalo, Olli Nevalainen, Mika Korkiakoski, Jari Liski, Tuomas Laurila, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-422, 2020
Preprint under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
CO2 and H2O fluxes were measured at a newly established eddy covariance site in southern Finland for two years from 2018 to 2020. This agricultural grassland site focuses on the conversion from intensive towards more sustainable agricultural management. The first summer experienced prolonged dry periods, and notably larger fluxes were observed in the second summer. The carbon balance of the field was close to zero in the first study year. In the second year, the field acted as a net carbon sink.
Jinnan Gong, Nigel Roulet, Steve Frolking, Heli Peltola, Anna M. Laine, Nicola Kokkonen, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 17, 5693–5719, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5693-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5693-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, which combined a field and lab experiment with modelling, we developed a process-based model for simulating dynamics within peatland moss communities. The model is useful because Sphagnum mosses are key engineers in peatlands; their response to changes in climate via altered hydrology controls the feedback of peatland biogeochemistry to climate. Our work showed that moss capitulum traits related to water retention are the mechanism controlling moss layer dynamics in peatlands.
Heidi Hellén, Simon Schallhart, Arnaud P. Praplan, Toni Tykkä, Mika Aurela, Annalea Lohila, and Hannele Hakola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7021–7034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7021-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied biogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their ambient concentrations in a sub-Arctic wetland. Although isoprene was the main terpenoid emitted, sesquiterpene emissions were also highly significant, especially in early summer. Sesquiterpenes have much higher potential to form secondary organic aerosol than isoprenes. High sesquiterpene emissions during early summer suggested that melting snow and thawing soil could be an important source of these compounds.
Chris R. Flechard, Andreas Ibrom, Ute M. Skiba, Wim de Vries, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Nancy B. Dise, Janne F. J. Korhonen, Nina Buchmann, Arnaud Legout, David Simpson, Maria J. Sanz, Marc Aubinet, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Ivan A. Janssens, Mari Pihlatie, Ralf Kiese, Jan Siemens, André-Jean Francez, Jürgen Augustin, Andrej Varlagin, Janusz Olejnik, Radosław Juszczak, Mika Aurela, Daniel Berveiller, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Ulrich Dämmgen, Nicolas Delpierre, Vesna Djuricic, Julia Drewer, Eric Dufrêne, Werner Eugster, Yannick Fauvel, David Fowler, Arnoud Frumau, André Granier, Patrick Gross, Yannick Hamon, Carole Helfter, Arjan Hensen, László Horváth, Barbara Kitzler, Bart Kruijt, Werner L. Kutsch, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Michal V. Marek, Giorgio Matteucci, Marta Mitosinkova, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Kim Pilegaard, Gabriel Pita, Francisco Sanz, Jan K. Schjoerring, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Y. Sim Tang, Hilde Uggerud, Marek Urbaniak, Netty van Dijk, Timo Vesala, Sonja Vidic, Caroline Vincke, Tamás Weidinger, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1583–1620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental evidence from a network of 40 monitoring sites in Europe suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forests and other semi-natural vegetation impacts the carbon sequestration rates in ecosystems, as well as the net greenhouse gas balance including other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. Excess nitrogen deposition in polluted areas also leads to other environmental impacts such as nitrogen leaching to groundwater and other pollutant gaseous emissions.
Chris R. Flechard, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Wim de Vries, Andreas Ibrom, Nina Buchmann, Nancy B. Dise, Ivan A. Janssens, Johan Neirynck, Leonardo Montagnani, Andrej Varlagin, Denis Loustau, Arnaud Legout, Klaudia Ziemblińska, Marc Aubinet, Mika Aurela, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Julia Drewer, Werner Eugster, André-Jean Francez, Radosław Juszczak, Barbara Kitzler, Werner L. Kutsch, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Giorgio Matteucci, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Janusz Olejnik, Maria J. Sanz, Jan Siemens, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Eiko Nemitz, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ute M. Skiba, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1621–1654, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere to unfertilized terrestrial vegetation such as forests can increase carbon dioxide uptake and favour carbon sequestration by ecosystems. However the data from observational networks are difficult to interpret in terms of a carbon-to-nitrogen response, because there are a number of other confounding factors, such as climate, soil physical properties and fertility, and forest age. We propose a model-based method to untangle the different influences.
Terhi Riutta, Aino Korrensalo, Anna M. Laine, Jukka Laine, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 17, 727–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the role of plant species groups in peatland methane fluxes under natural conditions and lowered water level. At a natural water level, sedges and mosses increased the fluxes. At a lower water level, the impact of plant groups on the fluxes was small. Only at a high water level did vegetation regulate the fluxes. The results are relevant for assessing peatland methane fluxes in a changing climate, as peatland water level and vegetation are predicted to change.
Matti Räsänen, Mika Aurela, Ville Vakkari, Johan P. Beukes, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pieter G. Van Zyl, Miroslav Josipovic, Stefan J. Siebert, Tuomas Laurila, Markku Kulmala, Lauri Laakso, Janne Rinne, Ram Oren, and Gabriel Katul
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-651, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-651, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The annual ET is approximately equal to precipitation during six measured years for grazed savanna grassland. The computed annual transpiration was highly constrained when rainfall was near or above the long-term mean but was reduced during severe drought year. The developed methodologies can be used in a wide range of arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
Jyrki Jauhiainen, Jukka Alm, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Ingeborg Callesen, Jesper R. Christiansen, Nicholas Clarke, Lise Dalsgaard, Hongxing He, Sabine Jordan, Vaiva Kazanavičiūtė, Leif Klemedtsson, Ari Lauren, Andis Lazdins, Aleksi Lehtonen, Annalea Lohila, Ainars Lupikis, Ülo Mander, Kari Minkkinen, Åsa Kasimir, Mats Olsson, Paavo Ojanen, Hlynur Óskarsson, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Gunnhild Søgaard, Kaido Soosaar, Lars Vesterdal, and Raija Laiho
Biogeosciences, 16, 4687–4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4687-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4687-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We collated peer-reviewed publications presenting GHG flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emission/removals. We evaluated the methods in data collection and identified major gaps in background/environmental data. Based on these, we developed suggestions for future GHG data collection to increase data applicability in syntheses and inventories.
Mika Korkiakoski, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Timo Penttilä, Sakari Sarkkola, Paavo Ojanen, Kari Minkkinen, Juuso Rainne, Tuomas Laurila, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 16, 3703–3723, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3703-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3703-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We measured greenhouse gas and energy fluxes for 2 years after clear-cutting in a peatland forest. We found high carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions. However, in the second year after clear-cutting, the carbon dioxide emissions had already decreased by 33 % from the first year. Also, clear-cutting turned the site from a methane sink into a methane source. We conclude that clear-cutting peatland forests exerts a strong climatic warming effect through accelerated emission of greenhouse gas.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Jürgen Knauer, Mika Aurela, Andrew Black, Martin Heimann, Hideki Kobayashi, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Hank Margolis, Tiina Markkanen, Jouni Susiluoto, Tea Thum, Toni Viskari, Sönke Zaehle, and Tuula Aalto
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4075–4098, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4075-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4075-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the differences of six stomatal conductance formulations, embedded into a land–vegetation model JSBACH, on 10 boreal coniferous evergreen forest sites. We calibrate the model parameters using all six functions in a multi-year experiment, as well as for a separate drought event at one of the sites, using the adaptive population importance sampler. The analysis reveals weaknesses in the stomatal conductance formulation-dependent model behaviour that we are able to partially amend.
Olli Peltola, Timo Vesala, Yao Gao, Olle Räty, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Bogdan Chojnicki, Ankur R. Desai, Albertus J. Dolman, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Thomas Friborg, Mathias Göckede, Manuel Helbig, Elyn Humphreys, Robert B. Jackson, Georg Jocher, Fortunat Joos, Janina Klatt, Sara H. Knox, Natalia Kowalska, Lars Kutzbach, Sebastian Lienert, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Daniel F. Nadeau, Mats B. Nilsson, Walter C. Oechel, Matthias Peichl, Thomas Pypker, William Quinton, Janne Rinne, Torsten Sachs, Mateusz Samson, Hans Peter Schmid, Oliver Sonnentag, Christian Wille, Donatella Zona, and Tuula Aalto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1263–1289, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Here we develop a monthly gridded dataset of northern (> 45 N) wetland methane (CH4) emissions. The data product is derived using a random forest machine-learning technique and eddy covariance CH4 fluxes from 25 wetland sites. Annual CH4 emissions from these wetlands calculated from the derived data product are comparable to prior studies focusing on these areas. This product is an independent estimate of northern wetland CH4 emissions and hence could be used, e.g. for process model evaluation.
Elisa Männistö, Aino Korrensalo, Pavel Alekseychik, Ivan Mammarella, Olli Peltola, Timo Vesala, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 16, 2409–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2409-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2409-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied methane emitted as episodic bubble release (ebullition) from water and bare peat surfaces of a boreal bog over three years. There was more ebullition from water than from bare peat surfaces, and it was controlled by peat temperature, water level, atmospheric pressure and the weekly temperature sum. However, the contribution of methane bubbles to the total ecosystem methane emission was small. This new information can be used to improve process models of peatland methane dynamics.
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Mika Aurela, Juha Hatakka, Aleksi Räsänen, Tarmo Virtanen, Juha Mikola, Viktor Ivakhov, Vladimir Kondratyev, and Tuomas Laurila
Biogeosciences, 16, 255–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-255-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-255-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed ecosystem-scale measurements of methane exchange between Arctic tundra and the atmosphere, taking into account the large variations in vegetation and soil properties. The measurements are spatial averages, but using meteorological and statistical modelling techniques we could estimate methane emissions for different land cover types and quantify how well the measurements correspond to the spatial variability. This provides a more accurate estimate of the regional methane emission.
Martti Honkanen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Tuomas Laurila, Timo Mäkelä, Juha Hatakka, Sami Kielosto, and Lauri Laakso
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5335–5350, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5335-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5335-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and the sea is typically small compared to the fluxes observed in the terrestrial ecosystems, causing technical challenges for the measurements of the CO2 sea–air fluxes. In this paper, we examine CO2 sea–air flux measurements carried out on a fixed station on an island. The problems generated by water vapor interference and unmet theoretical assumptions of the eddy covariance method are addressed.
Gustaf Granath, Håkan Rydin, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Fia Bengtsson, Nicholas Boncek, Luca Bragazza, Zhao-Jun Bu, Simon J. M. Caporn, Ellen Dorrepaal, Olga Galanina, Mariusz Gałka, Anna Ganeva, David P. Gillikin, Irina Goia, Nadezhda Goncharova, Michal Hájek, Akira Haraguchi, Lorna I. Harris, Elyn Humphreys, Martin Jiroušek, Katarzyna Kajukało, Edgar Karofeld, Natalia G. Koronatova, Natalia P. Kosykh, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Elena Lapshina, Juul Limpens, Maiju Linkosalmi, Jin-Ze Ma, Marguerite Mauritz, Tariq M. Munir, Susan M. Natali, Rayna Natcheva, Maria Noskova, Richard J. Payne, Kyle Pilkington, Sean Robinson, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Line Rochefort, David Singer, Hans K. Stenøien, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Kai Vellak, Anouk Verheyden, James Michael Waddington, and Steven K. Rice
Biogeosciences, 15, 5189–5202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Peat constitutes a long-term archive for climate reconstruction by using the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen. We analysed isotopes in two peat moss species across North America and Eurasia. Peat (moss tissue) isotope composition was predicted by soil moisture and isotopic composition of the rainwater but differed between species. Our results suggest that isotope composition can be used on a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.
Kari Minkkinen, Paavo Ojanen, Timo Penttilä, Mika Aurela, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 15, 3603–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3603-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3603-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Drainage often turns peatlands into C sources. We measured C dynamics of a drained forested boreal peatland over 4 years, including one with a drought during growing season. The drained peatland ecosystem was a strong sink of C in all studied years. Also, the peat soil sequestered C. A drought period in one summer significantly decreased C sequestration through decreased gross primary production, but since the drought also decreased ecosystem respiration, the site remained a C sink.
Juha Mikola, Tarmo Virtanen, Maiju Linkosalmi, Emmi Vähä, Johanna Nyman, Olga Postanogova, Aleksi Räsänen, D. Johan Kotze, Tuomas Laurila, Sari Juutinen, Vladimir Kondratyev, and Mika Aurela
Biogeosciences, 15, 2781–2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2781-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2781-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To support C exchange measurements, we examined plant and soil attributes in Siberian Arctic tundra. Our results illustrate a typical tundra ecosystem with great spatial variation. Mosses dominate plant biomass and control many soil attributes such as temperature, but variation in moss biomass is difficult to capture by remote sensing. This indicates challenges in spatial extrapolation of some of those plant and soil attributes that are relevant for regional ecosystem and global climate models.
Aino Korrensalo, Elisa Männistö, Pavel Alekseychik, Ivan Mammarella, Janne Rinne, Timo Vesala, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 15, 1749–1761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We measured methane fluxes of a boreal bog from six different plant community types in 2012–2014. We found only little variation in methane fluxes among plant community types. Peat temperature as well as both leaf area of plant species with air channels and of all vegetation are important factors controlling the fluxes. We also detected negative net fluxes indicating methane consumption each year. Our results can be used to improve the models of peatland methane dynamics under climate change.
Chunjing Qiu, Dan Zhu, Philippe Ciais, Bertrand Guenet, Gerhard Krinner, Shushi Peng, Mika Aurela, Christian Bernhofer, Christian Brümmer, Syndonia Bret-Harte, Housen Chu, Jiquan Chen, Ankur R. Desai, Jiří Dušek, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Lawrence B. Flanagan, Thomas Friborg, Mateusz Grygoruk, Sébastien Gogo, Thomas Grünwald, Birger U. Hansen, David Holl, Elyn Humphreys, Miriam Hurkuck, Gerard Kiely, Janina Klatt, Lars Kutzbach, Chloé Largeron, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, Magnus Lund, Peter M. Lafleur, Xuefei Li, Ivan Mammarella, Lutz Merbold, Mats B. Nilsson, Janusz Olejnik, Mikaell Ottosson-Löfvenius, Walter Oechel, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Norbert Pirk, Olli Peltola, Włodzimierz Pawlak, Daniel Rasse, Janne Rinne, Gaius Shaver, Hans Peter Schmid, Matteo Sottocornola, Rainer Steinbrecher, Torsten Sachs, Marek Urbaniak, Donatella Zona, and Klaudia Ziemblinska
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 497–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-497-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-497-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Northern peatlands store large amount of soil carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We implemented peatland hydrological and carbon accumulation processes into the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The model was evaluated against EC measurements from 30 northern peatland sites. The model generally well reproduced the spatial gradient and temporal variations in GPP and NEE at these sites. Water table depth was not well predicted but had only small influence on simulated NEE.
Mikko Peltoniemi, Mika Aurela, Kristin Böttcher, Pasi Kolari, John Loehr, Jouni Karhu, Maiju Linkosalmi, Cemal Melih Tanis, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, and Ali Nadir Arslan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 173–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-173-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-173-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring ecosystems using low-cost time lapse cameras has gained wide interest among researchers worldwide. Quantitative information stored in image pixels can be analysed automatically to track time-dependent phenomena, e.g. seasonal course of leaves in the canopies or snow on ground. As such, cameras can provide valuable ground references to earth observation. Here we document the ecosystem camera network we established to Finland and publish time series of images recorded between 2014–2016.
Maarit Raivonen, Sampo Smolander, Leif Backman, Jouni Susiluoto, Tuula Aalto, Tiina Markkanen, Jarmo Mäkelä, Janne Rinne, Olli Peltola, Mika Aurela, Annalea Lohila, Marin Tomasic, Xuefei Li, Tuula Larmola, Sari Juutinen, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Martin Heimann, Sanna Sevanto, Thomas Kleinen, Victor Brovkin, and Timo Vesala
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4665–4691, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4665-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4665-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands are one of the most significant natural sources of the strong greenhouse gas methane. We developed a model that can be used within a larger wetland carbon model to simulate the methane emissions. In this study, we present the model and results of its testing. We found that the model works well with different settings and that the results depend primarily on the rate of input anoxic soil respiration and also on factors that affect the simulated oxygen concentrations in the wetland soil.
Yao Gao, Tiina Markkanen, Mika Aurela, Ivan Mammarella, Tea Thum, Aki Tsuruta, Huiyi Yang, and Tuula Aalto
Biogeosciences, 14, 4409–4422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4409-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4409-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the response of water use efficiency (WUE) to summer drought in a boreal Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris) on the daily time scale mainly using EC flux data from the Hyytiälä (southern Finland) flux site. Simulation results from the JSBACH land surface model were also evaluated against the observed results. The performance of three WUE metrics at the ecosystem level (EWUE, IWUE, and uWUE) during the severe summer drought were studied and showed different results.
Thibaud Thonat, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Bousquet, Isabelle Pison, Zeli Tan, Qianlai Zhuang, Patrick M. Crill, Brett F. Thornton, David Bastviken, Ed J. Dlugokencky, Nikita Zimov, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Ove Hermansen, and Doug E. J. Worthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8371–8394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8371-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8371-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric methane simulations in the Arctic have been made for 2012 and compared to continuous observations at six measurement sites. All methane sources significantly affect the measurements at all stations, at least at the synoptic scale, except for biomass burning. An appropriate modelling framework combined with continuous observations of atmospheric methane enables us to gain knowledge on regional methane sources, including those which are usually poorly represented, such as freshwater.
Sina Muster, Kurt Roth, Moritz Langer, Stephan Lange, Fabio Cresto Aleina, Annett Bartsch, Anne Morgenstern, Guido Grosse, Benjamin Jones, A. Britta K. Sannel, Ylva Sjöberg, Frank Günther, Christian Andresen, Alexandra Veremeeva, Prajna R. Lindgren, Frédéric Bouchard, Mark J. Lara, Daniel Fortier, Simon Charbonneau, Tarmo A. Virtanen, Gustaf Hugelius, Juri Palmtag, Matthias B. Siewert, William J. Riley, Charles D. Koven, and Julia Boike
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 317–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Waterbodies are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. Most waterbodies are ponds with a surface area smaller than 100 x 100 m. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake Database (PeRL) for the first time maps ponds as small as 10 x 10 m. PeRL maps can be used to document changes both by comparing them to historical and future imagery. The distribution of waterbodies in the Arctic is important to know in order to manage resources in the Arctic and to improve climate predictions in the Arctic.
Tea Thum, Sönke Zaehle, Philipp Köhler, Tuula Aalto, Mika Aurela, Luis Guanter, Pasi Kolari, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Federico Magnani, Christiaan Van Der Tol, and Tiina Markkanen
Biogeosciences, 14, 1969–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling seasonal cycle at the coniferous forests poses a challenge. We implemented a model for sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to a land surface model JSBACH. It was used to study the seasonality of the carbon cycle in the Fenno-Scandinavian region. Comparison was made to direct CO2 flux measurements and satellite observations of SIF. SIF proved to be a better proxy for photosynthesis than the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation.
Mika Korkiakoski, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Mika Aurela, Markku Koskinen, Kari Minkkinen, Paavo Ojanen, Timo Penttilä, Juuso Rainne, Tuomas Laurila, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 14, 1947–1967, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1947-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1947-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We measured methane exchange rates at the forest floor of a nutrient-rich drained peatland in southern Finland. The forest floor acted mainly as a small methane sink, but emission peaks were occasionally observed during spring and rainfall events. The strength of the sink correlated best with groundwater level and soil temperatures at 20 and 30 cm depths. Diurnal variations were also observed but they were caused by changes in ambient wind speed and not by biological processes.
Matti Räsänen, Mika Aurela, Ville Vakkari, Johan P. Beukes, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pieter G. Van Zyl, Miroslav Josipovic, Andrew D. Venter, Kerneels Jaars, Stefan J. Siebert, Tuomas Laurila, Janne Rinne, and Lauri Laakso
Biogeosciences, 14, 1039–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1039-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1039-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents measurements of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem for 3 years. We find that the yearly variation in carbon dioxide balance is largely determined by the changes in the early wet season balance (September to November) and in the mid-growing season balance (December to January).
Kerry J. Dinsmore, Julia Drewer, Peter E. Levy, Charles George, Annalea Lohila, Mika Aurela, and Ute M. Skiba
Biogeosciences, 14, 799–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-799-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-799-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Release of greenhouse gases from northern soils contributes significantly to the global atmosphere and plays an important role in regulating climate. This study, based in N. Finland, aimed to measure and understand release of CH4 and N2O, and using satellite imagery, upscale our results to a 2 × 2 km area. Wetlands released large amounts of CH4, with emissions linked to temperature and the presence of Sphagnum; landscape emissions were 2.05 mg C m−2 hr−1. N2O fluxes were consistently near-zero.
Aino Korrensalo, Pavel Alekseychik, Tomáš Hájek, Janne Rinne, Timo Vesala, Lauri Mehtätalo, Ivan Mammarella, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 14, 257–269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-257-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-257-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthetic parameters of peatland plant species were measured over one growing season in an ombrotrophic bog. Based on these measurements, ecosystem-level photosynthesis was calculated for the whole growing season and compared with an estimate derived from micrometeorological measurements. These two estimates corresponded well. Species with low areal cover at the site but high photosynthetic efficiency appeared to be potentially important for the ecosystem-level carbon balance.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Jouni Susiluoto, Tiina Markkanen, Mika Aurela, Heikki Järvinen, Ivan Mammarella, Stefan Hagemann, and Tuula Aalto
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 23, 447–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-447-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-447-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The land-based hydrological cycle is one of the key processes controlling the growth and wilting of plants and the amount of carbon vegetation can assimilate. Recent studies have shown that many land surface models have biases in this area. We optimized parameters in one such model (JSBACH) and were able to enhance the model performance in many respects, but the response to drought remained unaffected. Further studies into this aspect should include alternative stomatal conductance formulations.
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Theo Kurten, Aleksander Baklanov, Anatoly Shvidenko, Jaana Bäck, Timo Vihma, Pavel Alekseychik, Meinrat O. Andreae, Stephen R. Arnold, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Boris Belan, Leonid Bobylev, Sergey Chalov, Yafang Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Gerrit de Leeuw, Aijun Ding, Sergey Dobrolyubov, Sergei Dubtsov, Egor Dyukarev, Nikolai Elansky, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Igor Esau, Nikolay Filatov, Mikhail Flint, Congbin Fu, Olga Glezer, Aleksander Gliko, Martin Heimann, Albert A. M. Holtslag, Urmas Hõrrak, Juha Janhunen, Sirkku Juhola, Leena Järvi, Heikki Järvinen, Anna Kanukhina, Pavel Konstantinov, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Antti-Jussi Kieloaho, Alexander S. Komarov, Joni Kujansuu, Ilmo Kukkonen, Ella-Maria Duplissy, Ari Laaksonen, Tuomas Laurila, Heikki Lihavainen, Alexander Lisitzin, Alexsander Mahura, Alexander Makshtas, Evgeny Mareev, Stephany Mazon, Dmitry Matishov, Vladimir Melnikov, Eugene Mikhailov, Dmitri Moisseev, Robert Nigmatulin, Steffen M. Noe, Anne Ojala, Mari Pihlatie, Olga Popovicheva, Jukka Pumpanen, Tatjana Regerand, Irina Repina, Aleksei Shcherbinin, Vladimir Shevchenko, Mikko Sipilä, Andrey Skorokhod, Dominick V. Spracklen, Hang Su, Dmitry A. Subetto, Junying Sun, Arkady Y. Terzhevik, Yuri Timofeyev, Yuliya Troitskaya, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Viacheslav I. Kharuk, Nina Zaytseva, Jiahua Zhang, Yrjö Viisanen, Timo Vesala, Pertti Hari, Hans Christen Hansson, Gennady G. Matvienko, Nikolai S. Kasimov, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Sergej Zilitinkevich, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14421–14461, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14421-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
After kick off in 2012, the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program has expanded fast and today the multi-disciplinary research community covers ca. 80 institutes and a network of ca. 500 scientists from Europe, Russia, and China. Here we introduce scientific topics relevant in this context. This is one of the first multi-disciplinary overviews crossing scientific boundaries, from atmospheric sciences to socio-economics and social sciences.
Maiju Linkosalmi, Mika Aurela, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Cemal M. Tanis, Ali N. Arslan, Pasi Kolari, Kristin Böttcher, Tuula Aalto, Juuso Rainne, Juha Hatakka, and Tuomas Laurila
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 417–426, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-417-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-417-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Digital photography has become a widely used tool for monitoring the vegetation phenology. The seasonal cycle of the greenness index obtained from photographs correlated well with the CO2 exchange of the plants at our wetland and Scots pine forest sites. While the seasonal changes in the greenness were more obvious for the ecosystem dominated by annual plants, clear seasonal patterns were also observed for the evergreen forest.
Fanni Mylläri, Eija Asmi, Tatu Anttila, Erkka Saukko, Ville Vakkari, Liisa Pirjola, Risto Hillamo, Tuomas Laurila, Anna Häyrinen, Jani Rautiainen, Heikki Lihavainen, Ewan O'Connor, Ville Niemelä, Jorma Keskinen, Miikka Dal Maso, and Topi Rönkkö
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7485–7496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The primary emissions of a coal-fired power plant were highly affected by the flue-gas cleaning technologies. The primary emission results were used as input values for a Gaussian plume model and the model correlated well with the atmospheric measurements from the flue-gas plume. Concentrations of newly formed particles in the flue gas plume were higher than the primary particle concentration, and thus the source of particle-forming precursors should be characterized in more detail.
Markku Kangas, Laura Rontu, Carl Fortelius, Mika Aurela, and Antti Poikonen
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-75-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-75-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Sodankylä, in the heart of the Arctic Research Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in northern Finland with temperatures ranging from −50 to +30 °C, provides a challenging location for numerical weather forecasting (NWP) models. In this article, the use of measurements performed in Sodankylä for near-real time online verification of NWP models is described. A more specific case study of three different radiation schemes, applicable in NWP model HARMONIE-AROME, is also presented.
Antoine Berchet, Philippe Bousquet, Isabelle Pison, Robin Locatelli, Frédéric Chevallier, Jean-Daniel Paris, Ed J. Dlugokencky, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Yrjo Viisanen, Doug E. J. Worthy, Euan Nisbet, Rebecca Fisher, James France, David Lowry, Viktor Ivakhov, and Ove Hermansen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4147–4157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4147-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4147-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We propose insights based on atmospheric observations around the Arctic circle to evaluate estimates of methane emissions to the atmosphere from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Based on a comprehensive statistical analysis of the observations and of high-resolution transport simulations, annual methane emissions from ESAS are estimated to range from 0.0 to 4.5 TgCH4 yr−1, with a maximum in summer and very low emissions in winter.
E. Asmi, V. Kondratyev, D. Brus, T. Laurila, H. Lihavainen, J. Backman, V. Vakkari, M. Aurela, J. Hatakka, Y. Viisanen, T. Uttal, V. Ivakhov, and A. Makshtas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1271–1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1271-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1271-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol number size distributions were measured in Arctic Russia continuously during 4 years. The particles' seasonal characteristics and sources were identified based on these data. In early spring, elevated concentrations were detected during episodes of Arctic haze and during days of secondary particle formation. In summer, Siberian forests biogenic emissions had a significant impact on particle number and mass. These are the first such results obtained from the region.
M. E. Marushchak, T. Friborg, C. Biasi, M. Herbst, T. Johansson, I. Kiepe, M. Liimatainen, S. E. Lind, P. J. Martikainen, T. Virtanen, H. Soegaard, and N. J. Shurpali
Biogeosciences, 13, 597–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-597-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-597-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic region is experiencing an unprecedented rise in permafrost temperatures leading to permafrsot thawing with dire implications for ecosystem structure and functioning. Therefore, it imperative to understand the behaviour of Arctic ecosystems under present climatic conditions so that we are equipped with the information to predict their future behaviour. This study presents field data on methane exchange from Seida, located in NW Siberia, Russia measured using various biogeochemical tools.
Y. Gao, T. Markkanen, T. Thum, M. Aurela, A. Lohila, I. Mammarella, M. Kämäräinen, S. Hagemann, and T. Aalto
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 175–191, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-175-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-175-2016, 2016
F. Minunno, M. Peltoniemi, S. Launiainen, M. Aurela, A. Lindroth, A. Lohila, I. Mammarella, K. Minkkinen, and A. Mäkelä
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-5089-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-5089-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
C. Metzger, P.-E. Jansson, A. Lohila, M. Aurela, T. Eickenscheidt, L. Belelli-Marchesini, K. J. Dinsmore, J. Drewer, J. van Huissteden, and M. Drösler
Biogeosciences, 12, 125–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-125-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-125-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
To identify site specific differences in CO2-related processes in open peatlands, we calibrated a process oriented model to fit to detailed measurements of carbon fluxes and compared the resulting parameter ranges between the sites. For most processes a common configuration could be applied. Site specific differences were identified for soil respiration coefficients, plant radiation-use efficiencies and plant storage fractions for spring regrowth.
S. J. O'Shea, G. Allen, M. W. Gallagher, K. Bower, S. M. Illingworth, J. B. A. Muller, B. T. Jones, C. J. Percival, S. J-B. Bauguitte, M. Cain, N. Warwick, A. Quiquet, U. Skiba, J. Drewer, K. Dinsmore, E. G. Nisbet, D. Lowry, R. E. Fisher, J. L. France, M. Aurela, A. Lohila, G. Hayman, C. George, D. B. Clark, A. J. Manning, A. D. Friend, and J. Pyle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13159–13174, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13159-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13159-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents airborne measurements of greenhouse gases collected in the European Arctic. Regional scale flux estimates for the northern Scandinavian wetlands are derived. These fluxes are found to be in excellent agreement with coincident surface measurements within the aircraft's sampling domain. This has allowed a significant low bias to be identified in two commonly used process-based land surface models.
T. Leppelt, R. Dechow, S. Gebbert, A. Freibauer, A. Lohila, J. Augustin, M. Drösler, S. Fiedler, S. Glatzel, H. Höper, J. Järveoja, P. E. Lærke, M. Maljanen, Ü. Mander, P. Mäkiranta, K. Minkkinen, P. Ojanen, K. Regina, and M. Strömgren
Biogeosciences, 11, 6595–6612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6595-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6595-2014, 2014
H. N. Mbufong, M. Lund, M. Aurela, T. R. Christensen, W. Eugster, T. Friborg, B. U. Hansen, E. R. Humphreys, M. Jackowicz-Korczynski, L. Kutzbach, P. M. Lafleur, W. C. Oechel, F. J. W. Parmentier, D. P. Rasse, A. V. Rocha, T. Sachs, M. K. van der Molen, and M. P. Tamstorf
Biogeosciences, 11, 4897–4912, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4897-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4897-2014, 2014
O. Peltola, A. Hensen, C. Helfter, L. Belelli Marchesini, F. C. Bosveld, W. C. M. van den Bulk, J. A. Elbers, S. Haapanala, J. Holst, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Nemitz, T. Röckmann, A. T. Vermeulen, and I. Mammarella
Biogeosciences, 11, 3163–3186, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3163-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3163-2014, 2014
A. Hirsikko, E. J. O'Connor, M. Komppula, K. Korhonen, A. Pfüller, E. Giannakaki, C. R. Wood, M. Bauer-Pfundstein, A. Poikonen, T. Karppinen, H. Lonka, M. Kurri, J. Heinonen, D. Moisseev, E. Asmi, V. Aaltonen, A. Nordbo, E. Rodriguez, H. Lihavainen, A. Laaksonen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Laurila, T. Petäjä, M. Kulmala, and Y. Viisanen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1351–1375, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1351-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1351-2014, 2014
M. Koskinen, K. Minkkinen, P. Ojanen, M. Kämäräinen, T. Laurila, and A. Lohila
Biogeosciences, 11, 347–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-347-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-347-2014, 2014
S. Dengel, D. Zona, T. Sachs, M. Aurela, M. Jammet, F. J. W. Parmentier, W. Oechel, and T. Vesala
Biogeosciences, 10, 8185–8200, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8185-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8185-2013, 2013
A. Berchet, I. Pison, F. Chevallier, P. Bousquet, S. Conil, M. Geever, T. Laurila, J. Lavrič, M. Lopez, J. Moncrieff, J. Necki, M. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Steinbacher, and J. Tarniewicz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7115–7132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7115-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7115-2013, 2013
M. E. Marushchak, I. Kiepe, C. Biasi, V. Elsakov, T. Friborg, T. Johansson, H. Soegaard, T. Virtanen, and P. J. Martikainen
Biogeosciences, 10, 437–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-437-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-437-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Greenhouse Gases
Biogeochemical and plant trait mechanisms drive enhanced methane emissions in response to whole-ecosystem warming
A decade of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) measurements in the southwestern Baltic Sea
Methane dynamics in three different Siberian water bodies under winter and summer conditions
Topography-based statistical modelling reveals high spatial variability and seasonal emission patches in forest floor methane flux
Technical note: CO2 is not like CH4 – limits of and corrections to the headspace method to analyse pCO2 in fresh water
Comparison of greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical forests and oil palm plantations on mineral soil
Are there memory effects on greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O and CH4) following grassland restoration?
Intraseasonal variability of greenhouse gas emission factors from biomass burning in the Brazilian Cerrado
Evaluating stream CO2 outgassing via drifting and anchored flux chambers in a controlled flume experiment
Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a patterned subarctic fen during two contrasting growing seasons
Using satellite data to identify the methane emission controls of South Sudan's wetlands
Ideas and perspectives: patterns of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes along an altitudinal gradient – a pilot study from an Ecuadorian neotropical montane forest
Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique
Seasonality, drivers, and isotopic composition of soil CO2 fluxes from tropical forests of the Congo Basin
Spatially resolved evaluation of Earth system models with satellite column-averaged CO2
Ideas and perspectives: A strategic assessment of methane and nitrous oxide measurements in the marine environment
The role of termite CH4 emissions on ecosystem scale: a case study in the Amazon rain forest
Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin
Methane paradox in tropical lakes? Sedimentary fluxes rather than pelagic production in oxic conditions sustain methanotrophy and emissions to the atmosphere
Organic matter and sediment properties determine in-lake variability of sediment CO2 and CH4 production and emissions of a small and shallow lake
Mineralization of organic matter in boreal lake sediments: rates, pathways, and nature of the fermenting substrates
Technical note: Facilitating the use of low-cost methane (CH4) sensors in flux chambers – calibration, data processing, and an open-source make-it-yourself logger
N2O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part 2: terrestrial N2O emissions and carbon–nitrogen cycle interactions
Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from different surface types in a created urban wetland
A decade of methane measurements at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station in Eckernförde Bay (southwestern Baltic Sea)
Dissolved CH4 coupled to photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in oxic waters and to cumulative chlorophyll a in anoxic waters of reservoirs
Carbon dioxide dynamics in an agricultural headwater stream driven by hydrology and primary production
Decadal variation in CO2 fluxes and its budget in a wheat and maize rotation cropland over the North China Plain
Soil greenhouse gas emissions under different land-use types in savanna ecosystems of Kenya
Warming enhances carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from Red Sea seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) sediments
Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling
Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 2: Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials
Maize root and shoot litter quality controls short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and bacterial community structure of arable soil
The carbon footprint of a Malaysian tropical reservoir: measured versus modelled estimates highlight the underestimated key role of downstream processes
Effect of legume intercropping on N2O emissions and CH4 uptake during maize production in the Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia
Regulation of N2O emissions from acid organic soil drained for agriculture
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo
Regulation of carbon dioxide and methane in small agricultural reservoirs: optimizing potential for greenhouse gas uptake
Methane production by three widespread marine phytoplankton species: release rates, precursor compounds, and potential relevance for the environment
CO2 and CH4 budgets and global warming potential modifications in Sphagnum-dominated peat mesocosms invaded by Molinia caerulea
A multi-year observation of nitrous oxide at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station in the Eckernförde Bay (southwestern Baltic Sea)
Air–sea fluxes of greenhouse gases and oxygen in the northern Benguela Current region during upwelling events
N2O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part 1: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N2O stable isotopes in ice cores
Variations in dissolved greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) in the Congo River network overwhelmingly driven by fluvial-wetland connectivity
Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clear-cutting
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia
Technical note: Interferences of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on methane concentration measurements
Applicability and consequences of the integration of alternative models for CO2 transfer velocity into a process-based lake model
Attribution of N2O sources in a grassland soil with laser spectroscopy based isotopocule analysis
The ratio of methanogens to methanotrophs and water-level dynamics drive methane transfer velocity in a temperate kettle-hole peat bog
Genevieve L. Noyce and J. Patrick Megonigal
Biogeosciences, 18, 2449–2463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2449-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2449-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global radiative forcing. A mechanistic understanding of how wetland CH4 cycling will respond to global warming is crucial for improving prognostic models. We present results from the first 4 years of a novel whole-ecosystem warming experiment in a coastal wetland, showing that warming increases CH4 emissions and identifying four potential mechanisms that can be added to future modeling efforts.
Yanan Zhao, Cathleen Schlundt, Dennis Booge, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 18, 2161–2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique and comprehensive time-series study of biogenic sulfur compounds in the southwestern Baltic Sea, from 2009 to 2018. Dimethyl sulfide is one of the key players regulating global climate change, as well as dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethyl sulfoxide. Their decadal trends did not follow increasing temperature but followed some algae group abundances at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Irina Fedorova, Bennet Juhls, Pier Paul Overduin, and Matthias Winkel
Biogeosciences, 18, 2047–2061, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2047-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2047-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic rivers, lakes, and bays are affected by a warming climate. We measured the amount and consumption of methane in waters from Siberia under ice cover and in open water. In the lake, methane concentrations under ice cover were much higher than in summer, and methane consumption was highest. The ice cover leads to higher methane concentration under ice. In a warmer Arctic, there will be more time with open water when methane is consumed by bacteria, and less methane will escape into the air.
Elisa Vainio, Olli Peltola, Ville Kasurinen, Antti-Jussi Kieloaho, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, and Mari Pihlatie
Biogeosciences, 18, 2003–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied forest floor methane exchange over an area of 10 ha in a boreal pine forest. The results demonstrate high spatial variability in soil moisture and consequently in the methane flux. We detected wet patches emitting high amounts of methane in the early summer; however, these patches turned to methane uptake in the autumn. We concluded that the small-scale spatial variability of the boreal forest methane flux highlights the importance of soil chamber placement in similar studies.
Matthias Koschorreck, Yves T. Prairie, Jihyeon Kim, and Rafael Marcé
Biogeosciences, 18, 1619–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water samples is often measured using a gas chromatograph. Depending on the chemical composition of the water, this method can produce wrong results. We quantified the possible error and how it depends on water composition and the analytical procedure. We propose a method to correct wrong results by additionally analysing alkalinity in the samples. We provide an easily usable computer code to perform the correction calculations.
Julia Drewer, Melissa M. Leduning, Robert I. Griffiths, Tim Goodall, Peter E. Levy, Nicholas Cowan, Edward Comynn-Platt, Garry Hayman, Justin Sentian, Noreen Majalap, and Ute M. Skiba
Biogeosciences, 18, 1559–1575, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1559-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1559-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In Southeast Asia, oil palm plantations have largely replaced tropical forests. The impact of this shift in land use on greenhouse gas fluxes and soil microbial communities remains uncertain. We have found emission rates of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide on mineral soil to be higher from oil palm plantations than logged forest over a 2-year study and concluded that emissions have increased over the last 42 years in Sabah, with the proportion of emissions from plantations increasing.
Lutz Merbold, Charlotte Decock, Werner Eugster, Kathrin Fuchs, Benjamin Wolf, Nina Buchmann, and Lukas Hörtnagl
Biogeosciences, 18, 1481–1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1481-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1481-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigated the exchange of the three major greenhouse gases (GHGs) over a temperate grassland prior to and after restoration through tillage in central Switzerland. Our results show that irregular management events, such as tillage, have considerable effects on GHG emissions in the year of tillage while leading to enhanced carbon uptake and similar nitrogen losses via nitrous oxide in the years following tillage to those observed prior to tillage.
Roland Vernooij, Marcos Giongo, Marco Assis Borges, Máximo Menezes Costa, Ana Carolina Sena Barradas, and Guido R. van der Werf
Biogeosciences, 18, 1375–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1375-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1375-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used drones to measure greenhouse gas emission factors from fires in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared early-dry-season management fires and late-dry-season fires to determine if fire management can be a tool for abating emissions.
Although we found some evidence of increased CO and CH4 emission factors, the seasonal effect was smaller than that found in previous studies. For N2O, the third most important greenhouse gas, we found opposite trends in grass- and shrub-dominated areas.
Filippo Vingiani, Nicola Durighetto, Marcus Klaus, Jakob Schelker, Thierry Labasque, and Gianluca Botter
Biogeosciences, 18, 1223–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Flexible foil chamber design and the anchored deployment might be useful techniques to enhance the robustness and the accuracy of CO2 measurements in low-order streams. Moreover, the study demonstrates the value of analytical and numerical techniques for the estimation of gas exchange velocities. These results may contribute to the development of novel procedures for chamber data analysis which might improve the robustness and reliability of chamber-based CO2 measurements in first-order streams.
Lauri Heiskanen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Aleksi Räsänen, Tarmo Virtanen, Sari Juutinen, Annalea Lohila, Timo Penttilä, Maiju Linkosalmi, Juha Mikola, Tuomas Laurila, and Mika Aurela
Biogeosciences, 18, 873–896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied ecosystem- and plant-community-level carbon (C) exchange between subarctic mire and the atmosphere during 2017–2018. We found strong spatial variation in CO2 and CH4 dynamics between the main plant communities. The earlier onset of growing season in 2018 strengthened the CO2 sink of the ecosystem, but this gain was counterbalanced by a later drought period. Variation in water table level, soil temperature and vegetation explained most of the variation in ecosystem-level C exchange.
Sudhanshu Pandey, Sander Houweling, Alba Lorente, Tobias Borsdorff, Maria Tsivlidou, A. Anthony Bloom, Benjamin Poulter, Zhen Zhang, and Ilse Aben
Biogeosciences, 18, 557–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-557-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-557-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use atmospheric methane observations from the novel TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI; Sentinel-5p) to estimate methane emissions from South Sudan's wetlands. Our emission estimates are an order of magnitude larger than the estimate of process-based wetland models. We find that this underestimation by the models is likely due to their misrepresentation of the wetlands' inundation extent and temperature dependences.
Paula Alejandra Lamprea Pineda, Marijn Bauters, Hans Verbeeck, Selene Baez, Matti Barthel, Samuel Bodé, and Pascal Boeckx
Biogeosciences, 18, 413–421, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-413-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical forest soils are an important source and sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with tropical montane forests having been poorly studied. In this pilot study, we explored soil fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O in an Ecuadorian neotropical montane forest, where a net consumption of N2O at higher altitudes was observed. Our results highlight the importance of short-term variations in N2O and provide arguments and insights for future, more detailed studies on GHG fluxes from montane forest soils.
Bruna R. F. Oliveira, Carsten Schaller, J. Jacob Keizer, and Thomas Foken
Biogeosciences, 18, 285–302, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-285-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-285-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Forest fires have a significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions. The present study from a pine forest in Portugal is one of the few where measurements of CO2 fluxes were started immediately (1.5 months) after the forest fire. Carbon dioxide emissions were linked to soil humidity. Therefore, they started after the beginning of the rainfall in autumn. Due to the beginning of vegetation, the site was already a carbon dioxide sink the following year.
Simon Baumgartner, Matti Barthel, Travis William Drake, Marijn Bauters, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, John Kalume Mugula, Laura Summerauer, Nora Gallarotti, Landry Cizungu Ntaboba, Kristof Van Oost, Pascal Boeckx, Sebastian Doetterl, Roland Anton Werner, and Johan Six
Biogeosciences, 17, 6207–6218, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6207-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6207-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is an important carbon flux and key process determining the net ecosystem production of terrestrial ecosystems. The Congo Basin lacks studies quantifying carbon fluxes. We measured soil CO2 fluxes from different forest types in the Congo Basin and were able to show that, even though soil CO2 fluxes are similarly high in lowland and montane forests, the drivers were different: soil moisture in montane forests and C availability in the lowland forests.
Bettina K. Gier, Michael Buchwitz, Maximilian Reuter, Peter M. Cox, Pierre Friedlingstein, and Veronika Eyring
Biogeosciences, 17, 6115–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phases 5 and 6 are compared to a satellite data product of column-averaged CO2 mole fractions (XCO2). The previously believed discrepancy of the negative trend in seasonal cycle amplitude in the satellite product, which is not seen in in situ data nor in the models, is attributed to a sampling characteristic. Furthermore, CMIP6 models are shown to have made progress in reproducing the observed XCO2 time series compared to CMIP5.
Samuel T. Wilson, Alia N. Al-Haj, Annie Bourbonnais, Claudia Frey, Robinson W. Fulweiler, John D. Kessler, Hannah K. Marchant, Jana Milucka, Nicholas E. Ray, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Brett F. Thornton, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Thomas S. Weber, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Heather M. Benway, Daniele Bianchi, Alberto V. Borges, Bonnie X. Chang, Patrick M. Crill, Daniela A. del Valle, Laura Farías, Samantha B. Joye, Annette Kock, Jabrane Labidi, Cara C. Manning, John W. Pohlman, Gregor Rehder, Katy J. Sparrow, Philippe D. Tortell, Tina Treude, David L. Valentine, Bess B. Ward, Simon Yang, and Leonid N. Yurganov
Biogeosciences, 17, 5809–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans are a net source of the major greenhouse gases; however there has been little coordination of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements. The scientific community has recently embarked on a series of capacity-building exercises to improve the interoperability of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements. This paper derives from a workshop which discussed the challenges and opportunities for oceanic methane and nitrous oxide research in the near future.
Hella van Asperen, João Rafael Alves-Oliveira, Thorsten Warneke, Bruce Forsberg, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-384, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-384, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Termites are insects which are highly abundant in tropical ecosystems. It is known that termites emit CH4, an important greenhouse, but their absolute emission remains uncertain. In the Amazon rain forest, we measured CH4 emissions from termite nests and groups of termites. In addition, we tested a fast and non-destructive field method to estimate termite nest colony size. We found that termites play a significant role in the ecosystems CH4 budget, and probably emit more than currently assumed.
Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris, Marife D. Corre, Martin Yemefack, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 17, 5377–5397, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the changes in stem and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry in the Congo Basin, Cameroon. All forest and cacao trees consistently emitted N2O, contributing 8–38 % of the total (soil and stem) emissions. Forest conversion to extensively managed (>–20 years old) cacao agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. Our results highlight the importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in the ecosystem-level N2O budget.
Cédric Morana, Steven Bouillon, Vimac Nolla-Ardèvol, Fleur A. E. Roland, William Okello, Jean-Pierre Descy, Angela Nankabirwa, Erina Nabafu, Dirk Springael, and Alberto V. Borges
Biogeosciences, 17, 5209–5221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5209-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5209-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A growing body of studies challenges the paradigm that methane (CH4) production occurs only under anaerobic conditions. Our field experiments revealed that oxic CH4 production is closely related to phytoplankton metabolism and is indeed a common feature in five contrasting African lakes. Nevertheless, we found that methanotrophic activity in surface waters and CH4 emissions to the atmosphere were predominantly fuelled by CH4 generated in sediments and physically transported to the surface.
Leandra Stephanie Emilia Praetzel, Nora Plenter, Sabrina Schilling, Marcel Schmiedeskamp, Gabriele Broll, and Klaus-Holger Knorr
Biogeosciences, 17, 5057–5078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Small lakes are important but variable sources of greenhouse gas emissions. We performed lab experiments to determine spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 and CH4 emission and sediment gas production within a lake. The observed high spatial variability of emissions and production could be explained by the degradability of the sediment organic matter. We did not see correlations between production and emissions and suggest on-site flux measurements as the most accurate way for determing emissions.
François Clayer, Yves Gélinas, André Tessier, and Charles Gobeil
Biogeosciences, 17, 4571–4589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4571-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4571-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we quantified the sediment production of methane and carbon dioxide in lake sediments to better characterize the nature of the organic matter at the origin of these two greenhouse gases. We demonstrate that the production of these gases is not adequately represented in models for deep lake sediments. We thus propose to improve the representation of organic matter degradation reactions in current models for improving predictions of greenhouse gas cycling in aquatic sediments.
David Bastviken, Jonatan Nygren, Jonathan Schenk, Roser Parellada Massana, and Nguyen Thanh Duc
Biogeosciences, 17, 3659–3667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3659-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3659-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a low-cost way to measure methane emissions applicable in nature and society. This facilitates widespread and affordable methane measurements, which are greatly needed for verifying that greenhouse gas mitigation is effective and for improved quantification of fluxes and how they are regulated. The paper also describes an open-source do-it-yourself methane–carbon dioxide–humidity–temperature logger, to increase the distributed capacity to measure greenhouse gases.
Fortunat Joos, Renato Spahni, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sebastian Lienert, Jurek Müller, Hubertus Fischer, Jochen Schmitt, I. Colin Prentice, Bette Otto-Bliesner, and Zhengyu Liu
Biogeosciences, 17, 3511–3543, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3511-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3511-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Results of the first globally resolved simulations of terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (N) cycling and N2O emissions over the past 21 000 years are compared with reconstructed N2O emissions. Modelled and reconstructed emissions increased strongly during past abrupt warming events. This evidence appears consistent with a dynamic response of biological N fixation to increasing N demand by ecosystems, thereby reducing N limitation of plant productivity and supporting a land sink for atmospheric CO2.
Xuefei Li, Outi Wahlroos, Sami Haapanala, Jukka Pumpanen, Harri Vasander, Anne Ojala, Timo Vesala, and Ivan Mammarella
Biogeosciences, 17, 3409–3425, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3409-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3409-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes and quantified the global warming potential of different surface areas in a recently created urban wetland in Southern Finland. The ecosystem has a small net climate warming effect which was mainly contributed by the open-water areas. Our results suggest that limiting open-water areas and setting a design preference for areas of emergent vegetation in the establishment of urban wetlands can be a beneficial practice when considering solely the climate impact.
Xiao Ma, Mingshuang Sun, Sinikka T. Lennartz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 17, 3427–3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3427-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3427-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly measurements of dissolved methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, were conducted at Boknis Eck (BE), a time-series station in the southwestern Baltic Sea, from June 2006. In general CH4 concentrations increased with depth. High concentrations in the upper layer were linked to saline water inflow. Eckernförde Bay emitted CH4 to the atmosphere throughout the monitoring period. No significant trend was detected in CH4 concentrations or emissions during 2006–2017.
Elizabeth León-Palmero, Alba Contreras-Ruiz, Ana Sierra, Rafael Morales-Baquero, and Isabel Reche
Biogeosciences, 17, 3223–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3223-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
CH4 emissions from reservoirs are responsible for the majority of the climatic forcing of these ecosystems. The origin of the recurrent CH4 supersaturation in oxic waters is still controversial. We found that the dissolved CH4 concentration varied by up to 4 orders of magnitude in the water column of 12 reservoirs and was consistently supersaturated. Our findings suggest that photosynthetic picoeukaryotes can play a significant role in determining CH4 concentration in oxic waters.
Marcus B. Wallin, Joachim Audet, Mike Peacock, Erik Sahlée, and Mattias Winterdahl
Biogeosciences, 17, 2487–2498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show that small streams draining agricultural areas are potential hotspots for emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. We further conclude that the variability in stream CO2 concentration over time is very high, caused by variations in both water discharge and primary production. Given the observed high levels of CO2 and its temporally variable nature, agricultural streams clearly need more attention in order to understand and incorporate these dynamics in large-scale extrapolations.
Quan Zhang, Huimin Lei, Dawen Yang, Lihua Xiong, Pan Liu, and Beijing Fang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2245–2262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Research into climate change has been popular over the past few decades. Greenhouse gas emissions are found to be responsible for climate change. Among all the ecosystems, cropland is the main food source for mankind, therefore its carbon cycle and contribution to the global carbon balance interest us. Our evaluation of the typical wheat–maize rotation cropland over the North China Plain shows it is a net CO2 emission to the atmosphere and that emissions will continue to rise in the future.
Sheila Wachiye, Lutz Merbold, Timo Vesala, Janne Rinne, Matti Räsänen, Sonja Leitner, and Petri Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 17, 2149–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2149-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Limited data on emissions in Africa translate into uncertainty during GHG budgeting. We studied annual CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions in four land-use types in Kenyan savanna using static chambers and gas chromatography. CO2 emissions varied between seasons and land-use types. Soil moisture and vegetation explained the seasonal variation, while soil temperature was insignificant. N2O and CH4 emissions did not vary at all sites. Our results are useful in climate change mitigation interventions.
Celina Burkholz, Neus Garcias-Bonet, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 17, 1717–1730, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1717-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1717-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrass meadows store carbon in their biomass and sediments, but they have also been shown to be sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). We experimentally investigated the effect of warming and prolonged darkness on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) communities. Our results indicated that sublethal warming may lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases from seagrass meadows which may contribute to further enhance global warming.
Chris R. Flechard, Andreas Ibrom, Ute M. Skiba, Wim de Vries, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Nancy B. Dise, Janne F. J. Korhonen, Nina Buchmann, Arnaud Legout, David Simpson, Maria J. Sanz, Marc Aubinet, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Ivan A. Janssens, Mari Pihlatie, Ralf Kiese, Jan Siemens, André-Jean Francez, Jürgen Augustin, Andrej Varlagin, Janusz Olejnik, Radosław Juszczak, Mika Aurela, Daniel Berveiller, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Ulrich Dämmgen, Nicolas Delpierre, Vesna Djuricic, Julia Drewer, Eric Dufrêne, Werner Eugster, Yannick Fauvel, David Fowler, Arnoud Frumau, André Granier, Patrick Gross, Yannick Hamon, Carole Helfter, Arjan Hensen, László Horváth, Barbara Kitzler, Bart Kruijt, Werner L. Kutsch, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Michal V. Marek, Giorgio Matteucci, Marta Mitosinkova, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Kim Pilegaard, Gabriel Pita, Francisco Sanz, Jan K. Schjoerring, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Y. Sim Tang, Hilde Uggerud, Marek Urbaniak, Netty van Dijk, Timo Vesala, Sonja Vidic, Caroline Vincke, Tamás Weidinger, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1583–1620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental evidence from a network of 40 monitoring sites in Europe suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forests and other semi-natural vegetation impacts the carbon sequestration rates in ecosystems, as well as the net greenhouse gas balance including other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. Excess nitrogen deposition in polluted areas also leads to other environmental impacts such as nitrogen leaching to groundwater and other pollutant gaseous emissions.
Chris R. Flechard, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Wim de Vries, Andreas Ibrom, Nina Buchmann, Nancy B. Dise, Ivan A. Janssens, Johan Neirynck, Leonardo Montagnani, Andrej Varlagin, Denis Loustau, Arnaud Legout, Klaudia Ziemblińska, Marc Aubinet, Mika Aurela, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Julia Drewer, Werner Eugster, André-Jean Francez, Radosław Juszczak, Barbara Kitzler, Werner L. Kutsch, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Giorgio Matteucci, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Janusz Olejnik, Maria J. Sanz, Jan Siemens, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Eiko Nemitz, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ute M. Skiba, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1621–1654, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere to unfertilized terrestrial vegetation such as forests can increase carbon dioxide uptake and favour carbon sequestration by ecosystems. However the data from observational networks are difficult to interpret in terms of a carbon-to-nitrogen response, because there are a number of other confounding factors, such as climate, soil physical properties and fertility, and forest age. We propose a model-based method to untangle the different influences.
Pauline Sophie Rummel, Birgit Pfeiffer, Johanna Pausch, Reinhard Well, Dominik Schneider, and Klaus Dittert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1181–1198, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1181-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1181-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical composition of plant litter controls C availability for biological N transformation processes in soil. In this study, we showed that easily degradable maize shoots stimulated microbial respiration and mineralization leading to high N2O formation in litter-associated hot spots. A higher share of slowly degradable C compounds and lower concentrations of water-soluble N restricted N2O emissions from maize roots. Bacterial community structure reflected degradability of maize litter.
Cynthia Soued and Yves T. Prairie
Biogeosciences, 17, 515–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-515-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-515-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Freshwater reservoirs emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to organic matter decay after landscape flooding. In order to better understand this phenomenon, we performed a comprehensive carbon footprint assessment of a tropical reservoir. Contrary to predictions, 89 % of measured emissions occurred downstream of the dam. Comparing predicted vs. measured emissions revealed weaknesses in our current modeling framework and insights to improve our ability to quantify and reduce reservoir GHG emissions.
Shimelis Gizachew Raji and Peter Dörsch
Biogeosciences, 17, 345–359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-345-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-345-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Intercropping maize with forage legumes can benefit Ethiopian smallholder farmers by providing cheap nitrogen and valuable livestock feed. We measured N2O emissions and maize yields and found that high legume biomasses may enhance N2O emissions per unit of harvested maize but that, after mulching, legume N can partly replace expensive mineral N. Thus, legume intercropping can be a valid strategy in the framework of climate-smart agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Lars Elsgaard, Tim J. Clough, Rodrigo Labouriau, Vibeke Ernstsen, and Søren O. Petersen
Biogeosciences, 16, 4555–4575, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Organic soils drained for crop production or grazing land have high potential for nitrous oxide emissions. The present study investigated the regulation of N2O emissions in a raised bog area drained for agriculture. It seems that archaeal ammonia oxidation and either chemodenitrification or nitrifier denitrification were considered to be plausible pathways of N2O production in spring, whereas in the autumn heterotrophic denitrification may have been more important at arable sites.
Hermann W. Bange, Chun Hock Sim, Daniel Bastian, Jennifer Kallert, Annette Kock, Aazani Mujahid, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 16, 4321–4335, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4321-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4321-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are atmospheric trace gases which play important roles in the climate and atmospheric chemistry of the Earth. However, little is known about their emissions from rivers and estuaries. To this end, concentrations of N2O and CH4 were measured during a seasonal study in six rivers and estuaries in northwestern Borneo. The concentrations of both gases were mainly driven by rainfall. The rivers and estuaries were an overall net source of atmospheric N2O and CH4.
Jackie R. Webb, Peter R. Leavitt, Gavin L. Simpson, Helen M. Baulch, Heather A. Haig, Kyle R. Hodder, and Kerri Finlay
Biogeosciences, 16, 4211–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4211-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Small farm reservoirs are key features within agricultural landscapes, yet these waterbodies can contribute substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. This study assessed some of the environmental factors that may impact the production of these GHGs. We found promise that farm reservoirs can act as net greenhouse gas sinks and identified some of the key water quality, landscape, and design features that may support GHG mitigation.
Thomas Klintzsch, Gerald Langer, Gernot Nehrke, Anna Wieland, Katharina Lenhart, and Frank Keppler
Biogeosciences, 16, 4129–4144, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Marine algae might contribute to the observed methane oversaturation in oxic waters, but so far direct evidence for methane production by marine algae is limited. We investigated three widespread haptophytes for methane formation. Our results provide unambiguous evidence that all investigated marine algae produce methane per se and at substantial rates. We conclude that each of the three algae studied here could substantially account for the methane production observed in field studies.
Fabien Leroy, Sébastien Gogo, Christophe Guimbaud, Léonard Bernard-Jannin, Xiaole Yin, Guillaume Belot, Wang Shuguang, and Fatima Laggoun-Défarge
Biogeosciences, 16, 4085–4095, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4085-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4085-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates the implications of Molinia caerulea colonization in Sphagnum peatland on the C fluxes by enhancing the CO2 uptake by photosynthesis (but which led to higher CO2 and CH4 emissions) and also on the parameters controlling it (by increasing the temperature sensitivity of the CH4 emissions). Furthermore, roots and litter of Molinia caerulea could provide additional substrates for C emissions and should be taken into account in further works.
Xiao Ma, Sinikka T. Lennartz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 4097–4111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4097-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4097-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent, were conducted at Boknis Eck (BE), a time series station in the southwestern Baltic Sea, since July 2005. Low N2O concentrations were observed in autumn and high in winter and early spring. Dissolved nutrients and oxygen played important roles in N2O distribution. Although we did not observe a significant N2O trend during 2005–2017, a decrease in N2O concentration and emission seems likely in future.
Eric J. Morgan, Jost V. Lavric, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Tobias Steinhoff, Thomas Seifert, and Martin Heimann
Biogeosciences, 16, 4065–4084, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Taking a 2-year atmospheric record of atmospheric oxygen and the greenhouse gases N2O, CO2, and CH4, made at a coastal site in the Namib Desert, we estimated the fluxes of these gases from upwelling events in the northern Benguela Current region. We compared these results with flux measurements made on a research vessel in the study area at the same time and found that the two approaches agreed well. The study region was a source of N2O, CO2, and CH4 to the atmosphere during upwelling events.
Hubertus Fischer, Jochen Schmitt, Michael Bock, Barbara Seth, Fortunat Joos, Renato Spahni, Sebastian Lienert, Gianna Battaglia, Benjamin D. Stocker, Adrian Schilt, and Edward J. Brook
Biogeosciences, 16, 3997–4021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3997-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
N2O concentrations were subject to strong variations accompanying glacial–interglacial but also rapid climate changes over the last 21 kyr. The sources of these N2O changes can be identified by measuring the isotopic composition of N2O in ice cores and using the distinct isotopic composition of terrestrial and marine N2O. We show that both marine and terrestrial sources increased from the last glacial to the Holocene but that only terrestrial emissions responded quickly to rapid climate changes.
Alberto V. Borges, François Darchambeau, Thibault Lambert, Cédric Morana, George H. Allen, Ernest Tambwe, Alfred Toengaho Sembaito, Taylor Mambo, José Nlandu Wabakhangazi, Jean-Pierre Descy, Cristian R. Teodoru, and Steven Bouillon
Biogeosciences, 16, 3801–3834, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3801-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3801-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical rivers might be strong sources of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere, although there is an enormous data gap. The origin of CO2 in lowland tropical rivers is not well characterized and can be from terra firme or from wetlands (flooded forests and aquatic macrophytes). We obtained a large field dataset of CO2, CH4 and N2O in the Congo, the second-largest river in the world, which allows us to quantity the emission of these greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and investigate their origin.
Mika Korkiakoski, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Timo Penttilä, Sakari Sarkkola, Paavo Ojanen, Kari Minkkinen, Juuso Rainne, Tuomas Laurila, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 16, 3703–3723, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3703-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3703-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We measured greenhouse gas and energy fluxes for 2 years after clear-cutting in a peatland forest. We found high carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions. However, in the second year after clear-cutting, the carbon dioxide emissions had already decreased by 33 % from the first year. Also, clear-cutting turned the site from a methane sink into a methane source. We conclude that clear-cutting peatland forests exerts a strong climatic warming effect through accelerated emission of greenhouse gas.
Kleiton R. de Araújo, Henrique O. Sawakuchi, Dailson J. Bertassoli Jr., André O. Sawakuchi, Karina D. da Silva, Thiago B. Vieira, Nicholas D. Ward, and Tatiana S. Pereira
Biogeosciences, 16, 3527–3542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Run-of-the-river (ROR) reservoirs have reduced flooded areas that maintain natural river characteristics; however, little is known about their influence on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. In this regard, we evaluated the spatiotemporal CO2 fluxes (FCO2) and partial CO2 pressure (pCO2) of the Belo Monte hydropower complex. Our results emphasize that ROR dams contribute to CO2) emissions. Only FCO2 varies through reservoirs; in addition, both FCO2 and pCO2 are spatially heterogeneous.
Lukas Kohl, Markku Koskinen, Kaisa Rissanen, Iikka Haikarainen, Tatu Polvinen, Heidi Hellén, and Mari Pihlatie
Biogeosciences, 16, 3319–3332, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Plants emit small amounts of methane and large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Measurements of plant methane emissions therefore require analysers that can provide accurate measurements of CH4 concentrations in the presence of changing amounts of VOCs. We therefore quantified to which degree various VOCs bias methane concentration measurements on different analysers. Our results show that some analysers are more sensitive to the presence of VOCs than others.
Petri Kiuru, Anne Ojala, Ivan Mammarella, Jouni Heiskanen, Kukka-Maaria Erkkilä, Heli Miettinen, Timo Vesala, and Timo Huttula
Biogeosciences, 16, 3297–3317, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3297-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3297-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Many boreal lakes emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We incorporated four different gas exchange models into a physico-biochemical lake model and studied their ability to simulate lake air–water CO2 fluxes. The inclusion of refined gas exchange models in lake models that simulate carbon cycling is important to assess lake carbon budgets. However, higher estimates for inorganic carbon sources in boreal lakes are needed to balance the CO2 losses to the atmosphere.
Erkan Ibraim, Benjamin Wolf, Eliza Harris, Rainer Gasche, Jing Wei, Longfei Yu, Ralf Kiese, Sarah Eggleston, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Matthias Zeeman, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Johan Six, Stephan Henne, and Joachim Mohn
Biogeosciences, 16, 3247–3266, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3247-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3247-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and the major stratospheric ozone-depleting substance; therefore, mitigation of anthropogenic N2O emissions is needed. To trace N2O-emitting source processes, in this study, we observed N2O isotopocules above an intensively managed grassland research site with a recently developed laser spectroscopy method. Our results indicate that the domain of denitrification or nitrifier denitrification was the major N2O source.
Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Gil Bohrer, Julie Slater, Yueh-Fen Li, Roger Grau-Andrés, Yushan Hao, Virginia I. Rich, and G. Matt Davies
Biogeosciences, 16, 3207–3231, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3207-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3207-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
It is estimated that natural wetlands emit approximately 30 % of all the methane released to the atmosphere; yet these estimates are highly uncertain due to the complexity of biological, chemical, and physical processes controlling methane emissions. In this study, we explore how some of these key processes drive methane emissions in a temperate peat bog. We show that the composition of microbial methane cyclers in the upper portion of the peat drives the velocity of methane release to the air.
Cited articles
Abdalla, M., Hastings, A., Truu, J., Espenberg, M., Mander, U., and Smith,
P.: Emissions of methane from northern peatlands: a review of management
impacts and implications for future management options, Ecol. Evol., 6, 7080–7102, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2469, 2016.
Aerts, R., Verhoeven, J. T. A., and Whigham, D. F.: Plant-mediated controls
on nutrient cycling in temperate fens and bogs, Ecology, 80, 2170–2181,
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2170:Pmconc]2.0.Co;2, 1999.
Alm, J., Shurpali, N. J., Tuittila, E.-S., Laurila, T., Maljanen, M.,
Saarnio, S., and Minkkinen, K.: Methods for determining emission factors for
the use of peat and peatlands – flux measurements and modelling, Boreal Environ. Res., 12,
85–100, 2007.
Andersen, R., Poulin, M., Borcard, D., Laiho, R., Laine, J., Vasander, H.,
and Tuittila, E.-T.: Environmental control and spatial structures in
peatland vegetation, J. Veg. Sci., 22, 878–890, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01295.x,
2011.
Aurela, M., Lohila, A., Tuovinen, J. P., Hatakka, J., Riutta, T., and
Laurila, T.: Carbon dioxide exchange on a northern boreal fen, Boreal Environ. Res., 14, 699–710,
2009.
Bellisario, L. M., Bubier, J. L., Moore, T. R., and Chanton, J. P.: Controls
on CH4 emissions from a northern peatland, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13, 81–91,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1998gb900021, 1999.
Bhullar, G. S., Edwards, P. J., and Venterink, H. O.: Variation in the
plant-mediated methane transport and its importance for methane emission
from intact wetland peat mesocosms, J. Plant. Ecol., 6, 298–304, https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rts045,
2013a.
Bhullar, G. S., Iravani, M., Edwards, P. J., and Venterink, H. O.: Methane
transport and emissions from soil as affected by water table and vascular
plants, Bmc Ecol., 13, 32, https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-32, 2013b.
Bousquet, P., Ringeval, B., Pison, I., Dlugokencky, E. J., Brunke, E.-G., Carouge, C.,
Chevallier, F., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Frankenberg, C., Hauglustaine, D. A.,
Krummel, P. B., Langenfelds, R. L., Ramonet, M., Schmidt, M., Steele, L. P.,
Szopa, S., Yver, C., Viovy, N., and Ciais, P.: Source attribution of the changes
in atmospheric methane for 2006–2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3689–3700,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3689-2011, 2011.
Breiman, L.: Random Forests, Machine Learning, 45, 5–32, 2001.
Bubier, J., Moore, T., Savage, K., and Crill, P.: A comparison of methane
flux in a boreal landscape between a dry and a wet year, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002351, 2005.
Bubier, J. L.: The relationship of vegetation to methane emission and
hydrochemical gradients in northern peatlands, J. Ecol., 83, 403–420,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2261594, 1995.
Ciais, P., Sabine, C., Bala, G., Bopp, L., Brovkin, V., Canadell, J.,
Chhabra, A., DeFries, R., Galloway, J., Heimann, M., Jones, C., Le Quere,
C., Myneni, R. B., Piao, S., and Thornton, P.: Carbon and other
biogeochemical cycles, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, 465–570, 2014.
Collins, M., R. Knutti, J. Arblaster, J.-L. Dufresne, T. Fichefet, P. F., X.
Gao, Gutowski, W.J., Johns, T., Krinner, G., Shongwe, M., Tebaldi, C.,
Weaver, A. J., and Wehner, M.: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments
and Irreversibility, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis,
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K.,
Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and
Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
and New York, NY, USA, 108 pp., 2013.
Du, E. Z., Terrer, C., Pellegrini, A. F. A., Ahlstrom, A., van Lissa, C. J.,
Zhao, X., Xia, N., Wu, X., and Jackson, R. B.: Global patterns of
terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, Nat. Geosci., 13, 221–226,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0530-4, 2020.
Dunfield, P., Knowles, R., Dumont, R., and Moore, T. R.: Methane production
and consumption in temperate and sub-arctic peat soils – Response to
temperature and pH, Soil. Biol. Biochem., 25, 321–326, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90130-4, 1993.
Eskelinen, A. and Harrison, S. P.: Resource colimitation governs plant
community responses to altered precipitation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 13009–13014,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508170112, 2015.
Euskirchen, E. S., Kane, E.S., and Turetsky, M. R.: When the source of
flooding matters: divergent responses in carbon fluxes in an alaskan rich
fen to two types of inundation, Ecosystems, 23, 1138–1153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00460-z,
2019.
Greenup, A. L., Bradford, M. A., McNamara, N. P., Ineson, P., and Lee, J.
A.: The role of Eriophorum vaginatum in CH4 flux from an ombrotrophic peatland, Plant Soil, 227,
265–272, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026573727311, 2000.
Grizonnet, M., Michel, J., Poughon, V., Inglada, J., Savinaud, M., and
Cresson, R.: Orfeo ToolBox: open source processing of remote sensing images,
Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards, 2, 15, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40965-017-0031-6, 2017.
Grosse, W.: The mechanism of thermal transpiration (equals thermal osmosis).
Aquat. Bot., 54, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(96)01038-8, 1996.
Hajek, T., Tuittila, E.-S., Ilomets, M., and Laiho, R.: Light responses of
mire mosses – a key to survival after water-level drawdown?, Oikos, 118, 240–250,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16528.x, 2009.
Helbig, M., Waddington, J. M., Alekseychik, P., D.Amiro, B., Aurela, M.,
Barr, A. G., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Carey, S. K., Chen, J. Q., Chi,
J. S., Desai, A. R., Dunn, A., Euskirchen, E. S., Flanagan, L. B., Forbrich,
I., Friborg, T., Grelle, A., Harder, S., Heliasz, M., Humphreys, E. R.,
Ikawa, H., Isabelle, P. E., Iwata, H., Jassal, R., Korkiakoski, M.,
Kurbatova, J., Kutzbach, L., Lindroth, A., Lofvenius, M. O., Lohila, A.,
Mammarella, I., Marsh, P., Maximov, T., Melton, J. R., Moore, P. A., Nadeau,
D. F., Nicholls, E. M., Nilsson, M. B., Ohta, T., Peichl, M., Petrone, R.
M., Petrov, R., Prokushkin, A., Quinton, W. L., Reed, D. E., Roulet, N. T.,
Runkle, B. R. K., Sonnentag, O., Strachan, I. B., Taillardat, P., Tuittila, E.-S., Tuovinen, J. P., Turner, J., Ueyama, M., Varlagin, A., Wilmking, M.,
Wofsy, S. C., and Zyrianov, V.: Increasing contribution of peatlands to
boreal evapotranspiration in a warming climate., Nat. Clim. Change, 10, 555–560,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0763-7, 2020.
Ingram, H. A. P.: Hydrology, in: Ecosystems of the world, edited by: Gore, A. J. P., 4A. Mires: Swamp, bog, fen and moor, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, 67–158, 1983.
Juottonen, H., Galand, P. E., Tuittila, E.-S., Laine, J., Fritze, H., and
Yrjala, K.: Methanogen communities and bacteria along an ecohydrological
gradient in a northern raised bog complex, Environ. Microbiol., 7, 1547–1557,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00838.x, 2005.
Juottonen, H., Kotiaho, M., Robinson, D., Merila, P., Fritze, H., and
Tuittila, E.-S.: Microform-related community patterns of methane-cycling
microbes in boreal Sphagnum bogs are site specific, Fems. Microbiol. Ecol., 91, fiv094, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv094,
2015.
Juutinen, S., Väliranta, M., Kuutti, V., Laine, A.M., Virtanen, T.,
Seppä, H., Weckstrom, J., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Short-term and long-term
carbon dynamics in a northern peatland-stream-lake continuum: A catchment
approach, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo, 118, 171–183, doi:10.1002-jgrg.20028, 2013.
Juutinen, S., Virtanen, T., Kondratyev, V., Laurila, T., Linkosalmi, M.,
Mikola, J., Nyman, J., Rasanen, A., Tuovinen, J.-P., and Aurela, M.: Spatial
variation and seasonal dynamics of leaf-area index in the arctic
tundra-implications for linking ground observations and satellite images.
Environ. Res. Lett., 12, 095002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7f85, 2017.
Kirschke, S., Bousquet, P., Ciais, P., Saunois, M., Canadell, J. G.,
Dlugokencky, E. J., Bergamaschi, P., Bergmann, D., Blake, D. R., Bruhwiler,
L., Cameron-Smith, P., Castaldi, S., Chevallier, F., Feng, L., Fraser, A.,
Heimann, M., Hodson, E. L., Houweling, S., Josse, B., Fraser, P. J.,
Krummel, P. B., Lamarque, J. F., Langenfelds, R. L., Le Quere, C., Naik, V.,
O'Doherty, S., Palmer, P. I., Pison, I., Plummer, D., Poulter, B., Prinn, R.
G., Rigby, M., Ringeval, B., Santini, M., Schmidt, M., Shindell, D. T.,
Simpson, I. J., Spahni, R., Steele, L. P., Strode, S. A., Sudo, K., Szopa,
S., van der Werf, G. R., Voulgarakis, A., van Weele, M., Weiss, R. F.,
Williams, J. E., and Zeng, G.: Three decades of global methane sources and
sinks, Nat. Geosci., 6, 813–823, https://doi.org/10.1038/Ngeo1955, 2013.
Kokkonen, N. A. K., Laine, A. M., Laine, J., Vasander, H., Kurki, K., Gong,
J. N., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Responses of peatland vegetation to 15-year
water level drawdown as mediated by fertility level, J. Veg. Sci., 30, 1206–1216,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12794, 2019.
Kolton, M., Marks, A., Wilson, R. M., Chanton, J. P., and Kostka, J. E.:
Impact of warming on greenhouse gas production and microbial diversity in
anoxic peat from a Sphagnum-dominated bog (Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States),
Front. Microbiol., 10, 870, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00870, 2019.
Korhola, A., Ruppel, M., Seppä, H., Väliranta, M., Virtanen, T., and
Weckström, J.: The importance of northern peatland expansion to the
late-Holocene rise of atmospheric methane, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 611–617,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.010, 2010.
Korrensalo, A., Männistö, E., Alekseychik, P., Mammarella, I., Rinne, J., Vesala, T., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Small spatial variability in methane emission measured from a wet patterned boreal bog, Biogeosciences, 15, 1749–1761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1749-2018, 2018.
Lai, D. Y. F.: Methane dynamics in northern peatlands: a review,
Pedosphere, 19, 409–421, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(09)00003-4, 2009.
Laine, A. M., Juurola, E., Hajek, T., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Sphagnum growth and
ecophysiology during mire succession, Oecologia, 167, 1115–1125,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2039-4, 2011.
Laine, A. M., Mäkiranta, P., Laiho, R., Mehtätalo, L., Penttilä,
T., Korrensalo, A., Minkkinen, K., Fritze, H., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Warming
impacts on boreal fen CO2 exchange under wet and dry conditions,
Global Change Biol., 25, 1995–2008, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14617, 2019.
Laitinen, J., Rehell, S., Huttunen, A., Tahvanainen, T.,
Heikkila, R., and Lindholm, T.: Mire systems in Finland
– special view to aapa mires and their water-flow pattern, Suoseura – Finnish Peatland Society, 56, 1–26,
2007.
Lamers, L. P. M., Vile, M. A., Grootjans, A. P., Acreman, M. C., van
Diggelen, R., Evans, M. G., Richardson, C. J., Rochefort, L., Kooijman, A.
M., Roelofs, J. G. M., and Smolders, A. J. P.: Ecological restoration of
rich fens in Europe and Northern America: from trial and error to an
evidence-based approach, Biol. Rev., 90, 182–203, https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12102, 2015.
Larmola, T., Tuittila, E.-S., Tiirola, M., Nykanen, H., Martikainen, P. J.,
Yrjala, K., Tuomivirta, T., and Fritze, H.: The role of Sphagnum mosses in the
methane cycling of a boreal mire, Ecology, 91, 2356–2365, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1343.1,
2010.
Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Hatakka, J., Pihlatie, M., Minkkinen, K., Penttila,
T., and Laurila, T.: Responses of N2O fluxes to temperature, water
table and N deposition in a northern boreal fen, Eur. J. Soil. Sci., 61, 651–661,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01265.x, 2010.
Luan, J. W., Wu, J. H., Liu, S. R., Roulet, N., and Wang, M.: Soil nitrogen
determines greenhouse gas emissions from northern peatlands under concurrent
warming and vegetation shifting, Commun. Biol., 2, 132, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0370-1, 2019.
MacDonald, G. M., Beilman, D. W., Kremenetski, K. V., Sheng, Y. W., Smith,
L. C., and Velichko, A. A.: Rapid early development of circumarctic
peatlands and atmospheric CH4 and CO2 variations, Science, 314, 285–288,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131722, 2006.
Macrae, M. L., Devito, K. J., Strack, M., and Waddington, J. M.: Effect of
water table drawdown on peatland nutrient dynamics: implications for climate
change, Biogeochemistry, 112, 661–676, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9730-3, 2013.
Mäkiranta, P., Laiho, R., Mehtötalo, L., Strakova, P., Sormunen, J.,
Minkkinen, K., Penttila, T., Fritze, H., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Responses of
phenology and biomass production of boreal fens to climate warming under
different water-table level regimes, Global Change Biol., 24, 944–956, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb. 13934,
2018.
Mathijssen, P., Tuovinen, J-P., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Juutinen, S., L,
Tuomas., Niemela, E., Tuittila, E.-S., and Väliranta, M.: Development, carbon
accumulation, and radiative forcing of a subarctic fen over the Holocene,
Holocene, Special issue: Holocene peatland carbon dynamics in the circum-Arctic region, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614538072, 2014.
Mitchell, C. P. J. and Branfireun, B. A.: Hydrogeomorphic controls on
reduction-oxidation conditions across boreal upland-peatland interfaces,
Ecosystems, 8, 731–747, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-1792-9, 2005.
Nijp, J. J., Limpens, J., Metselaar, K., Peichl, M., Nilsson, M. B., van der
Zee, S. E. A. T. M., and Berendse, F.: Rain events decrease boreal peatland
net CO2 uptake through reduced light availability, Global Change Biol., 21, 2309–2320.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12864, 2015.
Noyce, G. L., Varner, R. K., Bubier, J. L., and Frolking, S.: Effect of
Carex rostrata on seasonal and interannual variability in peatland methane emissions, J. Geophys Res.-Biogeo., 119,
24–34, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jg002474, 2014.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn,
D., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M. H. H., Szoecs, E., and Wagner, H.: vegan: Community Ecology Package, R package version 2.5-6, 2019.
Öquist, M. G. and Svensson, B. H.: Vascular plants as regulators of methane
emissions from a subarctic mire ecosystem, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 107, 10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001030, 2002.
Peichl, M., Gazovic, M., Vermeij, I., de Goede, E., Sonnentag, O., Limpens,
J., and Nilsson, M. B.: Peatland vegetation composition and phenology drive
the seasonal trajectory of maximum gross primary production, Sci. Rep., 8, 8012, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26147-4, 2018.
Pelletier, L., Moore, T. R., Roulet, N. T., Garneau, M., and Beaulieu-Audy,
V.: Methane fluxes from three peatlands in the La Grande Riviere watershed,
James Bay lowland, Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112, G01018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000216, 2007.
Peltoniemi, K., Laiho, R., Juottonen, H., Kiikkila, O., Makiranta, P.,
Minkkinen, K., Pennanen, T., Penttila, T., Sarjala, T., Tuittila, E-S.,
Tuomivirta, T., and Fritze, H.: Microbial ecology in a future climate:
effects of temperature and moisture on microbial communities of two boreal
fens, Fems Microbiol. Ecol., 91, fiv062, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv062, 2015.
Pirinen, P., Simola, H., Aalto, J., Kaukoranta, J. P., Karlsson, P., and Ruuhela, R.: Tilastoja Suomen ilmastosta 1981–2010 (Climatological Statistics of Finland 1981–2010). Finnish Meteorological Institute Reports, 2012:1, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki (in Finnish with English abstract), 2012.
Radu, D. D. and Duval, T. P.: Impacts of rainfall regime on methane flux from
a cool temprate fen depends on vegetation cover, Ecol. Eng., 114, 76–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.20 17.06.047, 2018.
Räsänen, A., Aurela, M., Juutinen, S., Kumpula, T., Lohila, A.,
Penttilä, T., and Virtanen, T.: Detecting northern peatland vegetation
patterns at ultra-high spatial resolution, Remote Sens. Ecol. Con.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.140, 2020.
Riley, W. J., Subin, Z. M., Lawrence, D. M., Swenson, S. C., Torn, M. S., Meng, L., Mahowald, N. M., and Hess, P.: Barriers to predicting changes in global terrestrial methane fluxes: analyses using CLM4Me, a methane biogeochemistry model integrated in CESM, Biogeosciences, 8, 1925–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1925-2011, 2011.
Rinne, J., Tuittila, E.-S., Peltola, O., Li, X. F., Raivonen, M.,
Alekseychik, P., Haapanala, S., Pihlatie, M., Aurela, M., Mammarella, I.,
and Vesala, T.: Temporal variation of ecosystem scale methane emission from
a boreal fen in relation to temperature, water table position, and carbon
dioxide fluxes, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 1087–1106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017gb005747, 2018.
Riutta, T., Korrensalo, A., Laine, A. M., Laine, J., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Interacting effects of vegetation components and water level on methane dynamics in a boreal fen, Biogeosciences, 17, 727–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, 2020.
Riutta, T., Laine, J., Aurela, M., Rinne, J., Vesala, T., Laurila, T.,
Haapanala, S., Pihlatie, M., and Tuittila, E-S.: Spatial variation in plant
community functions regulates carbon gas dynamics in a boreal fen ecosystem,
Tellus B, 59, 838–852, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00302.x, 2007.
Robroek, B. J. M., Jassey, V. E. J., Kox, M. A. R., Berendsen, R. L., Mills,
R. T. E., Cécillon, L., Puissant, J., Meima-Franke, M., Bakker, P. A. H.
M., and Bodelier, P. L. E.: Peatland vascular plant functional types affect
methane dynamics by altering microbial community structure, J. Ecol., 103, 925–934,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12413, 2015.
Roulet, N., Moore, T., Bubier, J., and Lafleur, P.: Northern fens: methane
flux and climatic change, Tellus B, 44, 100–105, 1992.
Rydin, H. and Jeglum, J. K.: The biology of peatlands, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 398 pp., 2013.
Song, C., Luan, J., Xu, X., Ma, M., Aurela, M., Lohila, A., Mammarella, I.,
Alekseychik, P., Tuittila, E-S., Gong, W., Chen, X, Meng, X., and Yuan, W.:
A microbial functional group-based CH4 model integrated into a
terrestrial ecosystem model: model structure, site-level evaluation and
sensitivity analysis, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 12, e2019MS001867, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001867, 2020.
Strack, M. and Waddington, J. M.: Response of peatland carbon dioxide and
methane fluxes to a water table drawdown experiment, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB1007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002715, 2007.
Strack, M., Waddington, J. M., Rochefort, L., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Response
of vegetation and net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange at different
peatland microforms following water table drawdown, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 111, G02006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000145, 2006.
Strack, M., Waddington, J. M., and Tuittila, E.-S.: Effect of water table
drawdown on northern peatland methane dynamics: Implications for climate
change, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002209, 2004.
Strakova, P., Penttila, T., Laine, J., and Laiho, R.: Disentangling direct
and indirect effects of water table drawdown on above- and belowground plant
litter decomposition: consequences for accumulation of organic matter in
boreal peatlands, Global Change Biol., 18, 322–335, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02503.x, 2012.
Ström, L., Ekberg, A., Mastepanov, M., and Christensen, T. R.: The
effect of vascular plants on carbon turnover and methane emissions from a
tundra wetland, Global Change Biol., 9, 1185–1192, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00655.x, 2003.
Tuittila, E.-S., Väliranta, M., Laine, J., and Korhola,
A.: Quantifying patterns and controls of mire vegetation succession in a
southern boreal bog in Finland using partial ordinations, J. Veg. Sci., 18, 891–902, 2007.
Turetsky, M. R., Kotowska, A., Bubier, J., Dise, N. B., Crill, P.,
Hornibrook, E. R. C., Minkkinen, K., Moore, T. R., Myers-Smith, I. H.,
Nykanen, H., Olefeldt, D., Rinne, J., Saarnio, S., Shurpali, N., Tuittila,
E.-S., Waddington, J. M., White, J. R., Wickland, K. P., and Wilmking, M.: A
synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical
wetlands, Global Change Biol., 20, 2183–2197, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12580, 2014.
Turetsky, M. R., Treat, C. C., Waldrop, M. P., Waddington, J. M., Harden, J.
W., and McGuire, A. D.: Short-term response of methane fluxes and methanogen
activity to water table and soil warming manipulations in an Alaskan
peatland, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, G00A10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000496, 2008.
Wassen, M. J., Barendregt, A., Palczynski, A., Desmidt, J. T., and Demars,
H.: The relationship between fen vegetation gradients, groundwater-flow and
flooding in an undrained valley mire at Biebrza, Poland, J. Ecol., 78, 1106–112,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2260955, 1990.
Weltzin, J. F., Pastor, J., Harth, C., Bridgham, S. D., Updegraff, K., and
Chapin, C. T.: Response of bog and fen plant communities to warming and
water-table manipulations, Ecology, 81, 3464–3478, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3464:Robafp]2.0.Co;2, 2000.
Wheeler, B. D. and Proctor, M. C. F.: Ecological gradients, subdivisions
and terminology of north-west European mires, J. Ecol., 88, 187–203,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00455.x, 2000.
Whiting, G. J. and Chanton, J. P.: Primary production control of methane
emission from wetlands, Nature, 364, 794–795, https://doi.org/10.1038/364794a0, 1993.
Yavitt, J. B., Kryczka, A. K., Huber, M. E., Pipes, G. T., and Rodriguez, A.
M.: Inferring methane production by decomposing tree, shrub, and grass leaf
litter in bog and rich fen peatlands, Front. Environ. Sci., 7, 182, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00182, 2019.
Yrjälä, K. I. M., Tuomivirta, T., Juottonen, H., Putkinen, A.,
Lappi, K., Tuittila, E.-S., Penttila, T., Minkkinen, K., Laine, J.,
Peltoniemi, K., and Fritze, H.: CH4 production and oxidation processes
in a boreal fen ecosystem after long-term water table drawdown, Global Change Biol., 17,
1311–1320, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02290.x, 2011.
Zhang, H., Piilo, S. R., Amesbury, M. J., Charman, D. J., Gallego-Sala, A.
V., and Väliranta, M. M.: The role of climate change in regulating
Arctic permafrost peatland hydrological and vegetation change over the last
millennium, Quat. Sci. Rev., 182, 121–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.003, 2018.
Zhang, Y., Li, C. S., Trettin, C. C., Li, H., and Sun, G.: An integrated
model of soil, hydrology, and vegetation for carbon dynamics in wetland
ecosystems, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1061, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001838, 2002.
Zhang, Z., Zimmermann, N. E., Stenke, A., Li, X., Hodson, E. L., Zhu, G. F.,
Huang, C. L., and Poulter, B.: Emerging role of wetland methane emissions in
driving 21st century climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 9647–9652,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618765114, 2017.
Short summary
We studied the impact of a stream on peatland microhabitats and CH4 emissions in a northern boreal fen. We found that there were higher water levels, lower peat temperatures, and greater oxygen concentrations close to the stream; these supported the highest biomass production but resulted in the lowest CH4 emissions. Further from the stream, the conditions were drier and CH4 emissions were also low. CH4 emissions were highest at an intermediate distance from the stream.
We studied the impact of a stream on peatland microhabitats and CH4 emissions in a northern...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint