Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022
Research article
 | 
13 Jan 2022
Research article |  | 13 Jan 2022

Bacteriohopanetetrol-x: constraining its application as a lipid biomarker for marine anammox using the water column oxygen gradient of the Benguela upwelling system

Zoë R. van Kemenade, Laura Villanueva, Ellen C. Hopmans, Peter Kraal, Harry J. Witte, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush

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Cited articles

Abdala Asbun, A., Besseling, M. A., Balzano, S., van Bleijswijk, J. D. L., Witte, H. J., Villanueva, L., and Engelman, J. C.: Cascabel: A Scalable and Versatile Amplicon Sequence Data Analysis Pipeline Delivering Reproducible and Documented Results, Front. Genet., 11, 489357, https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.489357, 2020. 
Awata, T., Tanabe, K., Kindaichi, T., Ozaki, N., and Ohashi, A.: Influence of temperature and salinity on microbial structure of marine anammox bacteria, Water Sci. Technol., 66, 958–964, 2012. 
Awata, T., Oshiki, M., Kindaichi, T., Ozaki, N., Ohashi, A., and Okabe, S.: Physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium belonging to the “Candidatus Ca. Scalindua” group, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 79, 4145–4148, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00056-13, 2013. 
Bailey, G. W.: Organic carbon flux and development of oxygen deficiency on the modern Benguela continental shelf south of 22 S: Spatial and temporal variability, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 58, 171–183, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.12, 1991. 
Bale, N. J., Villanueva, L., Fan, H., Stal, L. J., Hopmans, E. C., Schouten, S., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Occurrence and activity of anammox bacteria in surface sediments of the southern North Sea, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 89, 99–110, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12338, 2014. 
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Short summary
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important nitrogen-removal process in the ocean. We assess the distribution of bacteriohopanetetrol-x (BHT-x), used to trace past anammox, along a redox gradient in the water column of the Benguela upwelling system. BHT-x / BHT ratios of >0.18 correspond to the presence of living anammox bacteria and oxygen levels <50 μmol L−1. This allows for a more robust application of BHT-x to trace past marine anammox and deoxygenation in dynamic marine systems.
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