Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 May 2022
Research article |
| 20 May 2022
| 20 May 2022
Trawling effects on biogeochemical processes are mediated by fauna in high-energy biogenic-reef-inhabited coastal sediments
Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400
AC, Yerseke, the Netherlands
Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, Ghent University,
Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Jochen Depestele
Fisheries Research Group, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO),
Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
Gert Van Hoey
Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, Ghent University,
Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Fisheries Research Group, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO),
Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
João Fernandes
Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, CETEMARES, Avenida do Porto de
Pesca 30, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal
Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Lab. MAREFOZ, R.
Acácias lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal
Pieter van Rijswijk
Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400
AC, Yerseke, the Netherlands
Karline Soetaert
Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400
AC, Yerseke, the Netherlands
Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, Ghent University,
Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Related authors
Sarah Paradis, Justin Tiano, Emil De Borger, Antonio Pusceddu, Clare Bradshaw, Claudia Ennas, Claudia Morys, and Marija Sciberras
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3547–3563, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
DISOM is a database that compiles data of 71 independent studies that assess the effect of demersal fisheries on sedimentological and biogeochemical properties. This database also provides crucial metadata (i.e. environmental and fishing descriptors) needed to understand the effects of demersal fisheries in a global context.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 18, 2539–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bottom trawling alters benthic mineralization: the recycling of organic material (OM) to free nutrients. To better understand how this occurs, trawling events were added to a model of seafloor OM recycling. Results show that bottom trawling reduces OM and free nutrients in sediments through direct removal thereof and of fauna which transport OM to deeper sediment layers protected from fishing. Our results support temporospatial trawl restrictions to allow key sediment functions to recover.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Tom Ysebaert, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange (bioirrigation), we show that organisms in subtidal (permanently submerged) areas have similar bioirrigation rates as those that inhabit intertidal areas (not permanently submerged), but organisms in the latter irrigate deeper burrows in this study. Our results expand on traditional methods to quantify bioirrigation rates and broaden the pool of field measurements of bioirrigation rates.
Marius Buydens, Emil De Borger, Lorenz Meire, Samuel Bodé, Antonio Schirone, Karline Soetaert, Ann Vanreusel, and Ulrike Braeckman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-102, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
As the Greenland Ice Sheet retreats, it is important to understand how this impacts the carbon burial in Greenland fjords. By comparing a fjord with marine-terminating glaciers versus one fed by a land-terminating glacier, we see that the productive waters associated to marine-terminating glaciers not necessary lead to enhanced carbon burial. Instead, we highlight the complex interplay of physical, biological, and sedimentary processes that mediate carbon dynamics in these fjords.
Sarah Paradis, Justin Tiano, Emil De Borger, Antonio Pusceddu, Clare Bradshaw, Claudia Ennas, Claudia Morys, and Marija Sciberras
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3547–3563, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
DISOM is a database that compiles data of 71 independent studies that assess the effect of demersal fisheries on sedimentological and biogeochemical properties. This database also provides crucial metadata (i.e. environmental and fishing descriptors) needed to understand the effects of demersal fisheries in a global context.
Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Dick van Oevelen, Christian Mohn, Karline Soetaert, Max Rietkerk, Johan van de Koppel, and Theo Gerkema
Ocean Sci., 20, 569–587, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-water corals (CWCs) and tidal waves in the interior of the ocean have been connected in case studies. We demonstrate this connection globally using hydrodynamic simulations and a CWC database. Internal-tide generation shows a similar depth pattern with slope steepness and latitude as CWCs. Our results suggest that internal-tide generation can be a useful predictor of CWC habitat and that current CWC habitats might change following climate-change-related shoaling of internal-tide generation.
Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Sandra R. Maier, Siluo Chen, Laurence H. De Clippele, Evert de Froe, Theo Gerkema, Johan van de Koppel, Furu Mienis, Christian Mohn, Max Rietkerk, Karline Soetaert, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 21, 973–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Combining hydrodynamic simulations and annotated videos, we separated which hydrodynamic variables that determine reef cover are engineered by cold-water corals and which are not. Around coral mounds, hydrodynamic zones seem to create a typical reef zonation, restricting corals from moving deeper (the expected response to climate warming). But non-engineered downward velocities in winter (e.g. deep winter mixing) seem more important for coral reef growth than coral engineering.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Stanley I. Nmor, Eric Viollier, Lucie Pastor, Bruno Lansard, Christophe Rabouille, and Karline Soetaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7325–7351, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal marine environment serves as a transition zone in the land–ocean continuum and is susceptible to episodic phenomena such as flash floods, which cause massive organic matter deposition. Here, we present a model of sediment early diagenesis that explicitly describes this type of deposition while also incorporating unique flood deposit characteristics. This model can be used to investigate the temporal evolution of marine sediments following abrupt changes in environmental conditions.
Alice E. Webb, Didier M. de Bakker, Karline Soetaert, Tamara da Costa, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Fleur C. van Duyl, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Lennart J. de Nooijer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6501–6516, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The biogeochemical behaviour of shallow reef communities is quantified to better understand the impact of habitat degradation and species composition shifts on reef functioning. The reef communities investigated barely support reef functions that are usually ascribed to conventional coral reefs, and the overall biogeochemical behaviour is found to be similar regardless of substrate type. This suggests a decrease in functional diversity which may therefore limit services provided by this reef.
Chiu H. Cheng, Jaco C. de Smit, Greg S. Fivash, Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher, Bas W. Borsje, and Karline Soetaert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1335–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Shells are biogenic particles that are widespread throughout natural sandy environments and can affect the bed roughness and seabed erodibility. As studies are presently lacking, we experimentally measured ripple formation and migration using natural sand with increasing volumes of shell material under unidirectional flow in a racetrack flume. We show that shells expedite the onset of sediment transport, reduce ripple dimensions and slow their migration rate.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 18, 2539–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bottom trawling alters benthic mineralization: the recycling of organic material (OM) to free nutrients. To better understand how this occurs, trawling events were added to a model of seafloor OM recycling. Results show that bottom trawling reduces OM and free nutrients in sediments through direct removal thereof and of fauna which transport OM to deeper sediment layers protected from fishing. Our results support temporospatial trawl restrictions to allow key sediment functions to recover.
Long Jiang, Theo Gerkema, Jacco C. Kromkamp, Daphne van der Wal, Pedro Manuel Carrasco De La Cruz, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 4135–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A seaward increasing chlorophyll-a gradient is observed during the spring bloom in a Dutch tidal bay. Biophysical model runs indicate the roles of bivalve grazing and tidal import in shaping the gradient. Five common spatial phytoplankton patterns are summarized in global estuarine–coastal ecosystems: seaward increasing, seaward decreasing, concave with a chlorophyll maximum, weak spatial gradients, and irregular patterns.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Tom Ysebaert, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange (bioirrigation), we show that organisms in subtidal (permanently submerged) areas have similar bioirrigation rates as those that inhabit intertidal areas (not permanently submerged), but organisms in the latter irrigate deeper burrows in this study. Our results expand on traditional methods to quantify bioirrigation rates and broaden the pool of field measurements of bioirrigation rates.
Long Jiang, Theo Gerkema, Déborah Idier, Aimée B. A. Slangen, and Karline Soetaert
Ocean Sci., 16, 307–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-307-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-307-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A model downscaling approach is used to investigate the effects of sea-level rise (SLR) on local tides. Results indicate that SLR induces larger increases in tidal amplitude and stronger nonlinear tidal distortion in the bay compared to the adjacent shelf sea. SLR can also change shallow-water tidal asymmetry and influence the direction and magnitude of bed-load sediment transport. The model downscaling approach is widely applicable for local SLR projections in estuaries and coastal bays.
Tom J. S. Cox, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 14, 5271–5280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5271-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5271-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthesis by phytoplankton is a key source of oxygen (O2) in aquatic systems. We have developed a mathematical technique to calculate the rate of photosynthesis from time series of O2. Additionally, the approach leads to a better understanding of the influence on O2 measurements of the tides in coasts and estuaries. The results are important for correctly interpreting the data that are gathered by a growing set of continuous O2 sensors that are deployed around the world.
L. Meire, D. H. Søgaard, J. Mortensen, F. J. R. Meysman, K. Soetaert, K. E. Arendt, T. Juul-Pedersen, M. E. Blicher, and S. Rysgaard
Biogeosciences, 12, 2347–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2347-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2347-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ice Sheet releases large amounts of freshwater, which strongly influences the biogeochemistry of the adjacent fjord systems and continental shelves. Here we present seasonal observations of the carbonate system in the surface waters of a west Greenland tidewater outlet glacier fjord. Our data reveal a permanent undersaturation of CO2 in the surface layer of the entire fjord and adjacent shelf, creating a high annual uptake of 65gCm-2yr-1.
L. Pozzato, D. Van Oevelen, L. Moodley, K. Soetaert, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 6879–6891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, 2013
L. Meire, K. E. R. Soetaert, and F. J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 10, 2633–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2633-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2633-2013, 2013
A. de Kluijver, K. Soetaert, J. Czerny, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, U. Riebesell, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1425–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, 2013
K. Soetaert, D. van Oevelen, and S. Sommer
Biogeosciences, 9, 5341–5352, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5341-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5341-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea
The bacteria–protist link as a main route of dissolved organic matter across contrasting productivity areas on the Patagonian Shelf
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) does not cause cellular stress in a phytoplankton community of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean
Reviews and syntheses: On increasing hypoxia in eastern boundary upwelling systems – zooplankton under metabolic stress
Technical note: Testing a new approach for the determination of N2 fixation rates by coupling a membrane equilibrator to a mass spectrometer for long-term observations
Long-term variations in pH in coastal waters along the Korean Peninsula
The effect of carbonate mineral additions on biogeochemical conditions in surface sediments and benthic–pelagic exchange fluxes
Evaluating ocean alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the North Sea
Assessing the impacts of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement on viability and growth of nearshore species of phytoplankton
Responses of microbial metabolic rates to non-equilibrated silicate- versus calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement
High metabolic zinc demand within native Amundsen and Ross sea phytoplankton communities determined by stable isotope uptake rate measurements
The influence of zooplankton and oxygen on the particulate organic carbon flux in the Benguela Upwelling System
Reviews and syntheses: Biological indicators of low-oxygen stress in marine water-breathing animals
Temperature-enhanced effects of iron on Southern Ocean phytoplankton
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth system model
The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a potential late-summer CO2 source to the atmosphere
Spring-neap tidal cycles modulate the strength of the carbon source at the estuary-coast interface
Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
Estimates of carbon sequestration potential in an expanding Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Svalbard) affected by dark plumes of glacial meltwater
An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds
Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area
Variable contribution of wastewater treatment plant effluents to downstream nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions
Depositional controls and budget of organic carbon burial in fine-grained sediments of the North Sea – the Helgoland Mud Area as a test field
Improved understanding of eutrophication trends, indicators and problem areas using machine learning
Distribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic equatorial estuary: the Johor River and the East Johor Strait
Amplified bottom water acidification rates on the Bering Sea shelf from 1970–2022
Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Quantification and mitigation of bottom-trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Multi-model comparison of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the northwest European continental shelf under climate change
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Menghong Dong, Xinyu Guo, Takuya Matsuura, Taichi Tebakari, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 22, 2383–2402, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2383-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2383-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a common coastal hydrological process that involves submarine inflow of groundwater into the sea, is associated with a large nutrient load. To clarify the distribution of SGD-derived nutrients after release at the bottom of the sea and their contribution to phytoplankton growth in the marine ecosystem, we modeled the SGD process in Toyama Bay using a specialized computer code that can distinguish SGD-derived nutrients from nutrients from other sources.
M. Celeste López-Abbate, John E. Garzón-Cardona, Ricardo Silva, Juan-Carlos Molinero, Laura A. Ruiz-Etcheverry, Ana M. Martínez, Azul S. Gilabert, and Rubén J. Lara
Biogeosciences, 22, 2309–2325, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2309-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2309-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how microbial dynamics influence the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in the Patagonian Shelf. Despite high phytoplankton biomass, selective grazing on fast-growing bacteria led to DOM accumulation, likely due to reduced DOM-consuming bacteria and added egestion compounds. Experiments showed that bacteria not only acted as a carbon sink through mineralization but also transferred assimilated carbon dioxide (CO2) to higher trophic levels.
Librada Ramírez, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Aja Trebec, Víctor Manzanares-Vázquez, José L. Díez, Javier Arístegui, Ulf Riebesell, Stephen D. Archer, and María Segovia
Biogeosciences, 22, 1865–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1865-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1865-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the potential effects of increasing ocean alkalinity on a natural plankton community in subtropical waters of the Atlantic near Gran Canaria, Spain. Alkalinity is the capacity of water to resist acidification, and plankton are usually microscopic plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton), often less than 2.5 cm in length. This study suggests that increasing ocean alkalinity did not have a significant negative impact on the plankton community studied.
Leissing Frederick, Mauricio A. Urbina, and Ruben Escribano
Biogeosciences, 22, 1839–1852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1839-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1839-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Evidence shows that due to global warming, zooplankton inhabiting the coastal upwelling zone are exposed to increasing hypoxia affecting their physiology, metabolism, and population dynamics. The adaptive responses of zooplankton to cope with mild/severe hypoxia may depend on trade-offs with other metabolic/energy demands, implying less energy for growth, feeding, and reproduction, with ecological consequences for the zooplankton population and the marine food web.
Sören Iwe, Oliver Schmale, and Bernd Schneider
Biogeosciences, 22, 1767–1779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1767-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1767-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel method for quantifying N2 fixation by cyanobacteria, which is crucial in Baltic Sea eutrophication. Our Gas Equilibrium – Membrane-Inlet Mass Spectrometer (GE-MIMS), designed for operation on voluntary observing ships (VOSs), enables large-scale monitoring of surface water N2 depletion caused by N2 fixation. Laboratory tests confirm the device’s accuracy and precision, ensuring that it can complement current methods and contribute valuable data for better understanding N2 fixation in the Baltic Sea.
Yong-Woo Lee, Mi-Ok Park, Seong-Gil Kim, Tae-Hoon Kim, Yong Hwa Oh, Sang Heon Lee, and DongJoo Joung
Biogeosciences, 22, 675–690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-675-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-675-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term pH variation in coastal waters along the Korean Peninsula was assessed for the first time, and it exhibited no significant pH change over an 11-year period. This contrasts with the ongoing pH decline in open oceans and other coastal areas. Analysis of environmental data showed that pH is mainly controlled by dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. This suggests that ocean warming could cause a pH decline in Korean coastal waters, affecting many fish and seaweed aquaculture operations.
Kadir Biçe, Tristen Myers Stewart, George G. Waldbusser, and Christof Meile
Biogeosciences, 22, 641–657, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-641-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-641-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of addition of carbonate minerals on coastal sediments. We carried out laboratory experiments to quantify the dissolution kinetics and integrated these observations into a numerical model that describes biogeochemical cycling in surficial sediments. Using the model, we demonstrate the buffering effect of the mineral additions and their duration. We quantify the effect under different environmental conditions and assess the potential for increased atmospheric CO2 uptake.
Feifei Liu, Ute Daewel, Jan Kossack, Kubilay Timur Demir, Helmuth Thomas, and Corinna Schrum
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-81, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement boosts oceanic CO₂ absorption, offering a climate solution. Using a regional model, we examined OAE in the North Sea, revealing that shallow coastal areas achieve higher CO₂ uptake than offshore, where alkalinity is more susceptible to deep-ocean loss. Long-term carbon storage is limited, and pH shifts vary by location. Our findings guide OAE deployment to optimize carbon removal while minimizing ecological effects, supporting global climate mitigation efforts.
Jessica L. Oberlander, Mackenzie E. Burke, Cat A. London, and Hugh L. MacIntyre
Biogeosciences, 22, 499–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-499-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-499-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising negative emission technology that results in the net sequestration of atmospheric carbon. In this paper, we assess the potential impact of OAE on phytoplankton through an analysis of prior studies and the effects of simulated OAE on photosynthetic competence. Our findings suggest that there may be little if any significant impact on most phytoplankton studied to date if OAE is conducted in well-flushed, nearshore environments.
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 5707–5724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study exposed a natural community to two non-CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) deployments using different minerals. Adding alkalinity in this manner decreases dissolved CO2, essential for photosynthesis. While photosynthesis was not suppressed, bloom formation was mildly delayed, potentially impacting marine food webs. The study emphasizes the need for further research on OAE without prior equilibration and on its ecological implications.
Riss M. Kell, Rebecca J. Chmiel, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. McIlvin, Tristan J. Horner, Nicole L. Schanke, Ichiko Sugiyama, Robert B. Dunbar, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 21, 5685–5706, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5685-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite interest in modeling the biogeochemical uptake and cycling of the trace metal zinc (Zn), measurements of Zn uptake in natural marine phytoplankton communities have not been conducted previously. To fill this gap, we employed a stable isotope uptake rate measurement method to quantify Zn uptake into natural phytoplankton assemblages within the Southern Ocean. Zn demand was high and rapid enough to depress the inventory of Zn available to phytoplankton on seasonal timescales.
Luisa Chiara Meiritz, Tim Rixen, Anja Karin van der Plas, Tarron Lamont, and Niko Lahajnar
Biogeosciences, 21, 5261–5276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Moored and drifting sediment trap experiments in the northern (nBUS) and southern (sBUS) Benguela Upwelling System showed that active carbon fluxes by vertically migrating zooplankton were about 3 times higher in the sBUS than in the nBUS. Despite these large variabilities, the mean passive particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes were almost equal in the two subsystems. The more intense near-bottom oxygen minimum layer seems to lead to higher POC fluxes and accumulation rates in the nBUS.
Michael R. Roman, Andrew H. Altieri, Denise Breitburg, Erica M. Ferrer, Natalya D. Gallo, Shin-ichi Ito, Karin Limburg, Kenneth Rose, Moriaki Yasuhara, and Lisa A. Levin
Biogeosciences, 21, 4975–5004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen-depleted ocean waters have increased worldwide. In order to improve our understanding of the impacts of this oxygen loss on marine life it is essential that we develop reliable indicators that track the negative impacts of low oxygen. We review various indicators of low-oxygen stress for marine animals including their use, research needs, and application to confront the challenges of ocean oxygen loss.
Charlotte Eich, Mathijs van Manen, J. Scott P. McCain, Loay J. Jabre, Willem H. van de Poll, Jinyoung Jung, Sven B. E. H. Pont, Hung-An Tian, Indah Ardiningsih, Gert-Jan Reichart, Erin M. Bertrand, Corina P. D. Brussaard, and Rob Middag
Biogeosciences, 21, 4637–4663, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean (SO) is often limited by low iron (Fe) concentrations. Sea surface warming impacts Fe availability and can affect phytoplankton growth. We used shipboard Fe clean incubations to test how changes in Fe and temperature affect SO phytoplankton. Their abundances usually increased with Fe addition and temperature increase, with Fe being the major factor. These findings imply potential shifts in ecosystem structure, impacting food webs and elemental cycling.
Miriam Tivig, David P. Keller, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 21, 4469–4493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biological production is highly dependent on the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Rivers are the main source of phosphorus to the oceans but poorly represented in global model oceans. We include dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus from river export in a global model ocean and find that the addition of riverine phosphorus affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Globally, riverine phosphorus input increases primary production rates.
Esdoorn Willcox, Marcos Lemes, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Johnna Marchiano Holding, and Søren Rysgaard
Biogeosciences, 21, 4037–4050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we measured the chemistry of seawater from samples obtained from different depths and locations off the east coast of the Northeast Greenland National Park to determine what is influencing concentrations of dissolved CO2. Historically, the region has always been thought to take up CO2 from the atmosphere, but we show that it is possible for the region to become a source in late summer. We discuss the variables that may be related to such changes.
Vlad A. Macovei, Louise C. V. Rewrie, Rüdiger Röttgers, and Yoana G. Voynova
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2643, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A commercial vessel equipped with scientific instruments regularly travelled between two large macro-tidal estuaries. We found that biogeochemical variability in the outer estuaries is driven by the 14-day spring-neap tidal cycle, with strong effects on dissolved inorganic and organic carbon concentrations and distribution. Since this land-sea interface effect increases the strength of the carbon source to the atmosphere by 74 % during spring tide, it should be accounted for in regional models.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3665–3676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CO2 removal method, but its environmental effects are insufficiently understood. The OAE Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) provides funding for a standardized and globally replicated microcosm experiment to study the effects of OAE on plankton communities. Here, we provide a detailed manual for the OAEPIIP experiment. We expect OAEPIIP to help build scientific consensus on the effects of OAE on plankton.
Marlena Szeligowska, Déborah Benkort, Anna Przyborska, Mateusz Moskalik, Bernabé Moreno, Emilia Trudnowska, and Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Biogeosciences, 21, 3617–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The European Arctic is experiencing rapid regional warming, causing glaciers that terminate in the sea to retreat onto land. Due to this process, the area of a well-studied fjord, Hornsund, has increased by around 100 km2 (40%) since 1976. Combining satellite and in situ data with a mathematical model, we estimated that, despite some negative consequences of glacial meltwater release, such emerging coastal waters could mitigate climate change by increasing carbon uptake and storage by sediments.
Mallory C. Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon, Brendan R. Carter, and Matthew D. Eisaman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3551–3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to store atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate. We monitored CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH to establish operational boundaries for carbon removal experiments. Results show that CO2 equilibration occurred on the order of weeks to months, was consistent with values expected from equilibration calculations, and was limited by mineral precipitation at high pH and CaCO3 saturation.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 21, 3425–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. Dissolved NO was supersaturated in the Elbe Estuary, indicating that it is a source of atmospheric NO. The observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification.
Weiyi Tang, Jeff Talbott, Timothy Jones, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 21, 3239–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of WWTPs on the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O in downstream aquatic environments is less constrained. We found spatially and temporally variable but overall higher N2O concentrations and fluxes in waters downstream of WWTPs, pointing to the need for efficient N2O removal in addition to the treatment of nitrogen in WWTPs.
Daniel Müller, Bo Liu, Walter Geibert, Moritz Holtappels, Lasse Sander, Elda Miramontes, Heidi Taubner, Susann Henkel, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Denise Bethke, Ingrid Dohrmann, and Sabine Kasten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1632, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal and shelf sediments are the most important sinks for organic carbon (OC) on Earth. We produced a new high-resolution sediment and pore-water dataset from the Helgoland Mud Area (HMA), North Sea, to determine, which depositional factors control the preservation of OC. The burial efficiency is highest in an area of high sedimentation and terrigenous OC. The HMA covers 0.09 % of the North Sea, but accounts for 0.76 % of its OC accumulation, highlighting the importance of the depocentre.
Deep S. Banerjee and Jozef Skakala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171405637.76928549/v1, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171405637.76928549/v1, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate is a crucial nutrient in oceans. Excess nutrients can trigger uncontrolled algae growth (eutrophication), damaging marine ecosystems. We used a machine learning tool to generate a skilled, gap-free, bi-decadal surface nitrate dataset from sparse observations. This dataset reveals areas on the North West European Shelf at risk of eutrophication, bi-decadal trends in coastal nitrate, and an impact of winter nitrate on spring phytoplankton blooms.
Amanda Y. L. Cheong, Kogila Vani Annammala, Ee Ling Yong, Yongli Zhou, Robert S. Nichols, and Patrick Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 2955–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and dissolved organic matter for 1 year in a eutrophic tropical estuary to understand their sources and cycling. Our data show that the dissolved organic matter originates partly from land and partly from microbial processes in the water. Internal recycling is likely important for maintaining high nutrient concentrations, and we found that there is often excess nitrogen compared to silicon and phosphorus. Our data help to explain how eutrophication persists in this system.
Darren Pilcher, Jessica Cross, Natalie Monacci, Linquan Mu, Kelly Kearney, Albert Hermann, and Wei Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1096, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Bering Sea shelf is a highly productive marine ecosystem that is vulnerable to ocean acidification. We use a computational model to simulate the carbon cycle and acidification rates from 1970–2022. The results suggest that bottom water acidification rates are more than twice as great as surface rates. Bottom waters are also naturally more acidic, thus these waters will pass key thresholds known to negatively impact marine organisms, such as red king crab, much sooner than surface waters.
Aaron Ferderer, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Kirralee G. Baker, Zanna Chase, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising method of atmospheric carbon removal; however, its ecological impacts remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on diatom silicification. We found that increased silicate concentrations from silicate-based OAE increased diatom silicification. In contrast, the enhancement of alkalinity had no effect on community silicification and minimal effects on the silicification of different genera.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 2705–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called ocean alkalinization enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
Biogeosciences, 21, 2547–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2335–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
Biogeosciences, 21, 2143–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows that, under a high-emission scenario, oxygen concentration in deep water of parts of the North Sea and Celtic Sea can become critically low (hypoxia) towards the end of this century. The extent and frequency of hypoxia depends on the intensity of climate change projected by different climate models. This is the result of a complex combination of factors like warming, increase in stratification, changes in the currents and changes in biological processes.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences, 21, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation, as found in coastal upwelling off Chile. We have identified the crucial role of picoplankton (> 3 µm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (trimethylamine and methylphosphonic acid) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding CH4 emission estimates.
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Cited articles
Allen, J. I. and Clarke, K. R.: Effects of demersal trawling on ecosystem
functioning in the North Sea: A modelling study, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 336,
63–75, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps336063, 2007.
Aller, R. C.: Benthic fauna and biogeochemical processes in marine
sediments: the role of burrow structures, in: Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments, edited by: Blackburn, T. H. and Sørensen, J., Scope, Chichester, 301–338, 1988.
Amaro, T. P. F., Duineveld, G. C. A., Bergman, M. J. N., Witbaard, R., and
Scheffer, M.: The consequences of changes in abundance of Callianassa
subterranea and Amphiura filiformis on sediment erosion at the Frisian Front
(south-eastern North Sea), Hydrobiologia, 589, 273–285,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0750-2, 2007.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. M., and Walker, S. C.: Fitting
linear mixed-effects models using lme4, J. Stat. Softw., 67, 1–48,
https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01, 2015.
Bolam, S. G., Coggan, R. C., Eggleton, J., Diesing, M., and Stephens, D.:
Sensitivity of macrobenthic secondary production to trawling in the English
sector of the Greater North Sea: A biological trait approach, J. Sea Res.,
85, 162–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2013.05.003, 2014.
Boute, P. G., Soetaert, M., Reid Navarro, J. A., and Lankheet, M. J.: Effects of
electrical pulse stimulation on behaviour and survival of marine benthic
invertebrates, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 592650,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.592650, 2020.
Bradshaw, C., Jakobsson, M., Brüchert, V., Bonaglia, S., Mörth,
C.-M., Muchowski, J., Stranne, C., and Sköld, M.: Physical Disturbance
by Bottom Trawling Suspends Particulate Matter and Alters Biogeochemical
Processes on and Near the Seafloor, Front. Mar. Sci., 8, 683331,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.683331, 2021.
Braeckman, U., Provoost, P., Gribsholt, B., Van Gansbeke, D., Middelburg, J.
J., Soetaert, K., Vincx, M., and Vanaverbeke, J.: Role of macrofauna
functional traits and density in biogeochemical fluxes and bioturbation,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 399, 173–186, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08336,
2010.
Callaway, R., Desroy, N., Dubois, S., Fournier, J., Frost, M., Godet, L.,
Hendrick, V. J., and Rabaut, M.: Ephemeral Bio-engineers or Reef-building
Polychaetes: How Stable are Aggregations of the Tube Worm Lanice conchilega
(Pallas, 1766)?, Integr. Comp. Biol., 50, 237–250,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq060, 2010.
Craeymeersch, J. A., Escaravage, V., Steenbergen, J., Wijsman, J.,
Wijnhoven, S., and Kater, B.: De bodemfauna in het Nederlands deel van de
Scheldemonding, Issue Ministerie van infrastructuur en Waterstaat Report,
Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, Netherlands, 105 pp.,
2006.
Dray, S. and Dufour, A.: Ade4: Analysis of Ecological Data, Exploratory and
Euclidean Methods in Environmental Sciences, 22, 1–20, 2007.
Dauwe, B., Herman, P. M. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Community structure and
bioturbation potential of macrofauna at four North Sea stations with
contrasting food supply, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 173, 67–83,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps173067, 1998.
De Borger, E., Tiano, J., Braeckman, U., Rijnsdorp, A. D., and Soetaert, K.: Impact of bottom trawling on sediment biogeochemistry: a modelling approach, Biogeosciences, 18, 2539–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, 2021.
De Smet, B., D'Hondt, A. S., Verhelst, P., Fournier, J., Godet, L., Desroy,
N., Rabaut, M., Vincx, M., and Vanaverbeke, J.: Biogenic reefs affect
multiple components of intertidal soft-bottom benthic assemblages: The
Lanice conchilega case study, Estuar. Coast., 152, 44–55,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.11.002, 2015.
De Smet, B., Van Oevelen, D., Vincx, M., Vanaverbeke, J., and Soetaert, K.:
Lanice conchilega structures carbon flows in soft-bottom intertidal areas,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 552, 47–60, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11747,
2016a.
De Smet, B., Braeckman, U., Soetaert, K., Vincx, M., and Vanaverbeke, J.:
Predator effects on the feeding and bioirrigation activity of
ecosystem-engineered Lanice conchilega reefs, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 475,
31–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.11.005, 2016b.
Degraer, S., Moerkerke, G., Rabaut, M., Van Hoey, G., Du Four, I., Vincx,
M., Henriet, J. P., and Van Lancker, V.: Very-high resolution side-scan
sonar mapping of biogenic reefs of the tube-worm Lanice conchilega, Remote
Sens. Environ., 112, 3323–3328,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.012, 2008.
Degraer, S. and Hostens, K.: Assessment of the conservation value of the Vlakte
van de Raan Site of Community Interest. MARECO report 16/02. Royal Belgian
Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment,
Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Mar. Ecol. Manage., Brussels, 16 pp., 2016.
Depestele, J., Ivanovic, A., Degrendele, K., Esmaeili, M., Polet, H., Roche,
M., Summerbell, K., Teal, L. R., Vanelslander, B., and O'Neil, F. G.:
Measuring and assessing the physical impact of beam trawling, ICES J. Mar.
Sci., 73, 15–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst176, 2016.
Depestele, J., Degrendele, K., Esmaeili, M., Ivanovi, A., Kro, S., Neill, F.
G. O., Parker, R., Polet, H., Roche, M., Teal, L. R., Vanelslander, B., and
Rijnsdorp, A. D.: Comparison of mechanical disturbance in soft sediments due
to tickler-chain SumWing trawl vs. electro-fitted PulseWing trawl, ICES J.
Mar. Sci., 124, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy124, 2018.
Dewicke, A., Rottiers, V., Mees, J., and Vincx, M.: Evidence for an
enriched hyperbenthic fauna in the Frisian front (North Sea), J. Sea Res,
47, 121–139, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(02)00106-5, 2002.
Dickens, G. R., Koelling, M., Smith, D. C., and Schnieders, L.: Rhizon
sampling of pore waters on scientific drilling expeditions: An example from
the IODP expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), Sci. Drill., 4,
22–25, https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.4.08.2007, 2007.
Eigaard, O. R., Bastardie, F., Breen, M., Dinesen, G. E., Hintzen, N. T.,
Laffargue, P., Mortensen, L. O., Nielsen, J. R., Nilsson, H. C., Neill, F.
G. O., Smith, C., Sørensen, T. K., Polet, H., Reid, D. G., Sala, A., Sko,
M., Tully, O., Zengin, M., and Rijnsdorp, A. D.: Estimating seabed pressure
from demersal trawls, seines, and dredges based on gear design and
dimensions, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 74, 47–865, 2016.
Fariñas-Franco, J. M., Allcock, A. L., and Roberts, D.: Protection
alone may not promote natural recovery of biogenic habitats of high
biodiversity damaged by mobile fishing gears, Mar. Environ. Res.,
135, 18–28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.009, 2018.
Feldens, P., Schulze, I., Papenmeier, S., Schönke, M., and von
Deimling, J. S.: Improved interpretation of marine sedimentary environments
using multi-frequency multibeam backscatter data, Swiss. J., 8, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8060214, 2018.
Ferguson, A. J. P., Oakes, J., and Eyre, B. D.: Bottom trawling reduces
benthic denitrification and has the potential to influence the global
nitrogen cycle, Limnol. Oceanogr., 5, 237–235, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10150, 2020.
Foshtomi, M. Y., Leliaert, F., Derycke, S., Willems, A., Vincx, M., and
Vanaverbeke, J.: The effect of bio-irrigation by the polychaete Lanice
conchilega on active denitrifiers: Distribution, diversity and composition
of nosZ gene, PLoS ONE, 13, 1–25,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192391, 2018.
Grabowski, J. H., Bachman, M., Demarest, C., Eayrs, S., Harris, B. P.,
Malkoski, V., Packer, D., and Stevenson, D.: Assessing the Vulnerability of
Marine Benthos to Fishing Gear Impacts, Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac., 22,
142–155, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.846292, 2014.
Hale, R., Godbold, J. A., Sciberras, M., Dwight, J., Wood, C., Hiddink, J.
G., and Solan, M.: Mediation of macronutrients and carbon by
post-disturbance shelf sea sediment communities, Biogeochemistry, 135,
121–133, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0350-9, 2017.
Hiddink, J. G., Jennings, S., Sciberras, M., Szostek, C. L., Hughes, K. M.,
and Ellis, N.: Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota
after bottom trawling disturbance, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 8301–8306,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618858114, 2017.
ICES: Report of the Working Group on Electric Trawling (WGELECTRA),
ICES Report WGELECTRA 2018, 17–19 April 2018, IJmuiden, the Netherlands,
155 pp., 2018.
ICES: Working Group on Electrical Trawling (WGELECTRA), ICES Scientific
Reports, 1:71, Ghent, Belgium, 81 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5619, 2019.
ICES: Working Group on Electrical Trawling (WGELECTRA), ICES Scientific
Reports, 2:37, 108 pp., https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5619, 2020.
Jodo, M., Kawamoto, K., Tochimoto, M., and Coverly, S. C.: Determination of
nutrients in seawater by analysis rate and reduced interference on
segmented-flow analysis with higher ammonia, J. Autom. Chem., 14,
163–167, 1992.
Kaiser, M. J., Collie, J. S., Hall, S. J., Jennings, S., and Poiner, I. R.:
Modification of marine habitats by trawling activities: prognosis and
solutions, Fish. Fish., 3, 114–136, 2002.
Kaiser, M. J., Clarke, K. R., Hinz, H., Austen, M. C. V, Somerfield, P. J.,
and Karakassis, I.: Global analysis of response and recovery of benthic
biota to fishing, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 311, 1–14, 2006.
Kristensen, E. and Kostka, J. E.: Macrofaunal Burrows and Irrigation in
Marine Sediment: Microbiological and Biogeochemical Interactions,
Interactions Between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments, The
Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes Coastal and Estuarine Studies 59,
Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union, 125–157,
https://doi.org/10.1029/CE060p0125, 2013.
Koller, M. and Stahel, W.: Sharpening Wald-type inference in robust regression for
small samples, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 55, 2504–2515,
2011.
Lurton, X., Eleftherakis, D., and Augustin, J. M.: Analysis of seafloor
backscatter strength dependence on the survey azimuth using multibeam
echosounder data, Mar. Geophys. Res., 39, 183–203, 2018.
Maechler, M., Rousseeuw, P., Croux, C., Todorov, V., Ruckstuhl, A., Salibian-Barrera,
M., Verbeke, T., Koller, M., Conceicao, E. L., and Anna di Palma, M.: robustbase: Basic
Robust Statistics, R package version 0.93-6,
http://robustbase.r-forge.r-project.org/ (last access: 20 May 2022), 2020.
McCave, I. N., Bryant, R. J., Cook, H. F., and Coughanowr, C. A.:
Evaluation of a laser-differation-size analyzer for use with natural
sediments, Res. Meth. Pap., 56, 561–564, 1986.
Mengual, B., Cayocca, F., Le Hir, P., Draye, R., Laffargue, P., Vincent, B.,
and Garlan, T.: Influence of bottom trawling on sediment resuspension in
the “Grande-Vasière” area (Bay of Biscay, France), Ocean Dynam.,
66, 1181–1207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-016-0974-7, 2016.
Mermillod-Blondin, F. and Rosenberg, R.: Ecosystem engineering: the impact of
bioturbation on biogeochemical processes in marine and freshwater benthic
habitats, Aquat. Sci., 68, 434–442, 2006.
Morys, C., Brüchert, V., and Bradshaw, C.: Impacts of bottom trawling
on benthic biogeochemistry in muddy sediments: Removal of surface sediment
using an experimental field study, Mar. Environ. Res., 169,
105384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105384, 2021.
Nieuwenhuize, J., Maas, Y. E. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Rapid analysis of
organic carbon and nitrogen in particulate materials, Mar. Chem., 45,
217–224, 1994.
Olsgard, F., Schaanning, M. T., Widdicombe, S., Kendall, M. A., and Austen,
M. C.: Effects of bottom trawling on ecosystem functioning, J. Exp. Mar.
Biol. Ecol., 366, 123–133,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.07.036, 2008.
Paradis, S., Goni, M., Masqué, P., Duran, R., Aronja-Camas, M.,
Palanques, A., and Puig, P.: Persistence of Biogeochemical Alterations of
Deep-Sea Sediments by Bottom Trawling, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
48, e2020GL091279, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091279, 2021.
Palanques, A., Puig, P., Guillén, J., Demestre, M., and Martín,
J.: Effects of bottom trawling on the Ebro continental shelf sedimentary
system (NW Mediterranean), Cont. Shelf Res, 72, 83–98,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.10.008, 2014.
Pecceu, E., Hostens, K., and Maes, F.: Governance analysis of MPAs in the
Belgian part of the North Sea, Mar. Policy, 71, 265–274,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.017, 2016.
Polet, H., Delanghe, F., and Verschoore, R.: On electrical fishing for
brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) I, Laboratory experiments, Fish. Res., 72,
1–12, 2005.
Poos, J., Hintzen, N. T., van Rijssel, J. C., and Rijnsdorp, A.: Efficiency
changes in bottom trawling for flatfish species as a result of the
replacement of mechanical stimulation by electric stimulation, ICES J. Mar.
Sci., 77, 2635–2645, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa126, 2020.
Queirós, A. M., Hiddink, J. G., Kaiser, M. J., and Hinz, H.: Effects of
chronic bottom trawling disturbance on benthic biomass, production and size
spectra in different habitats, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 335, 91–103,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.001, 2006.
R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria,
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 20 May 2022), 2021.
Rabaut, M.: Lanice conchilega, fisheries and marine conservation, PhD, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 354 pp. 2009.
Rabaut, M., Braeckman, U., Hendrickx, F., Vincx, M., and Degraer, S.:
Experimental beam-trawling in Lanice conchilega reefs: Impact on the
associated fauna, Fish. Res., 90, 209–216,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2007.10.009, 2008.
Rijnsdorp, A. D., Hiddink, J. G., van Denderen, P. D., Hintzen, N. T.,
Eigaard, O. R., Valanko, S., Bastardie, F., Bolam, S. G., Boulcott, P.,
Egekvist, J., Garcia, C., van Hoey, G., Jonsson, P., Laffargue, P., Nielsen,
J. R., Piet, G. J., Sköld, M., and van Kooten, T.: Different bottom
trawl fisheries have a differential impact on the status of the North Sea
seafloor habitats, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 77, 1772–1786,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa050, 2020a.
Rijnsdorp, A. D., Depestele, J., Eigaard, O. R., Hintzen, N. T., Ivanovic,
A., Molenaar, P., O'Neill, F. G., Polet, H., Poos, J. J., and van Kooten,
T.: Mitigating seafloor disturbance of bottom trawl fisheries for North Sea
sole Solea solea by replacing mechanical with electrical stimulation, PLoS
ONE, 15, e0228528, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228528, 2020b.
Rijnsdorp, A. D., Depestele, J., Molenaar, P., Eigaard, O. R., Ivanović,
A., and O'Neill, F. G.: Sediment mobilization by bottom trawls: A model
approach applied to the Dutch North Sea beam trawl fishery, ICES J. Mar.
Sci., 78, 1574–1586, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab029, 2021.
Ritchie, R. J.: Consistent sets of spectrophotometric chlorophyll equations
for acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents, Photosynth. Res., 89, 27–41,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-006-9065-9, 2006.
Roche, M., Degrendele, K., Vrignaud, C., Loyer, S., Le Bas, T., Augustin,
J.-M., and Lurton, X.: Control of the repeatability of high frequency
multibeam echosounder backscatter by using natural reference areas, Mar.
Geophys. Res., 39, 89–104, 2018.
Romero-Ramirez, A., Gremare, A., Desmalades, M., and Duchene, J. C.:
Semi-automatic analysis and interpretation of sediment profile images,
Environ. Modell. Softw., 47, 42–54,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.04.008, 2013.
Rosenberg, R., Nilsson, H., Grémare, A., and Amouroux, J.: Effects of
demersal trawling on marine sedimentary habitats analysed by sediment
profile imagery, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 285, 465–477,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00577-4, 2003.
Sciberras, M., Hiddink, J. G., Jennings, S., Szostek, C. L., Hughes, K. M.,
Kneafsey, B., Clarke, L. J., Ellis, N., Rijnsdorp, A. D., McConnaughey, R.
A., Hilborn, R., Collie, J. S., Pitcher, C. R., Amoroso, R. O., Parma, A.
M., Suuronen, P., and Kaiser, M. J.: Response of benthic fauna to
experimental bottom fishing: A global meta-analysis, Fish. Fish., 19,
1–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12283, 2018.
Sciberras, M., Parker, R., Powell, C., Robertson, C., Krïger, S., Bolam,
S., and Geert, H. J.: Impacts of bottom fishing on the sediment
infaunal community and biogeochemistry of cohesive and non-cohesive
sediments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 2076–2089,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10354, 2016.
Seeberg-Elverfeldt, J., Schluter, M., Feseker, T., and Kolling, M.: Rhizon
sampling of porewaters near the sediment-water interface of aquatic systems,
Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 3, 361–371, https://doi.org/PiiS0012-821x(02)01064-6, 2005.
Seiter, K., Hensen, C., and Zabel, M.: Benthic carbon mineralization on a
global scale, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB1010,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002225, 2005.
Shotbolt, L.: Pore water sampling from lake and estuary sediments using
Rhizon samplers, J. Paleolimnol., 44, 695–700,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-008-9301-8, 2010.
Soetaert, K., Herman, P. M. J., Middelburg, J. J., Heip, C., Smith, C. L.,
Tett, P., and Wild-Allen, K.: Numerical modelling of the shelf break
ecosystem: Reproducing benthic and pelagic measurements, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 3141–3177,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00035-2, 2001.
Soetaert, K., Van den Meersche, K., and van Oevelen D.: limSolve: Solving linear
inverse models, R package version 1.5.1, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/limSolve/vignettes/limSolve.pdf (last access: 20 May 2022), 2009.
Soetaert, M., Chiers, K., Duchateau, L., Polet, H., Verschueren, B.,
and Decostere, A.: Determining the safety range of electrical pulses for
two benthic invertebrates: brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) and ragworm
(Alitta virens S.), ICES J. Mar. Sci., 72, 973–980, 2015a.
Soetaert, M., Decostere, A., Polet, H., Verschueren, B., and Chiers,
K.: Electrotrawling: A promising alternative fishing technique warranting
further exploration, Fish. Fish., 16, 104–124,
https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12047, 2015b.
Soetaert, M., De Haan, D., Verschueren, B., Decostere, A., Puvanendran, V.,
Saunders, J., Polet, H., and Chiers, K.: Atlantic Cod Show a Highly
Variable Sensitivity to Electric-Induced Spinal Injuries, Mar. Coast. Fish.,
8, 412–424, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1180332, 2016.
Stratmann, T., Soetaert, K., Wei, C. L., Lin, Y. S., and van Oevelen, D.:
The SCOC database, a large, open, and global database with sediment
community oxygen consumption rates, Sci. Data, 6, 242,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0259-3, 2019.
Tiano, J. C., Witbaard, R., Bergman, M. J. N., Rijswijk, P., Van Tramper,
A., Van Oevelen, D., and Soetaert, K.: Acute impacts of bottom trawl gears
on benthic metabolism and nutrient cycling, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 76, 1917–1930,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz027, 2019.
Tiano, J. C., van der Reijden, K. J., O'Flynn, S., Beauchard, O., van der
Ree, S., van der Wees, J., Ysebaert, T., and Soetaert, K.: Experimental
bottom trawling finds resilience in large-bodied infauna but vulnerability
for epifauna and juveniles in the Frisian, Front. Mar. Environ. Res.,
159, 104964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104964, 2020.
Tiano, J. C., Borger, E. De, Flynn, S. O., Cheng, C. H., Van Oevelen, D.,
and Soetaert, K.: Physical and electrical disturbance experiments uncover
potential bottom fishing impacts on benthic ecosystem functioning, J. Exp.
Mar. Biol. Ecol., 545, 151628,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151628, 2021.
Tillin, H. M., Hiddink, J. G., Jennings, S., and Kaiser, M. J.: Chronic
bottom trawling alters the functional composition of benthic invertebrate
communities on a sea-basin scale, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 318, 31–45, 2006.
van Denderen, P. D. Van, Bolam, S. G., Hiddink, J. G., Jennings, S., Kenny,
A., Rijnsdorp, A. D., and van Kooten, T.: Similar effects of bottom trawling
and natural disturbance on composition and function of benthic communities
across habitats, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 541, 31–43,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11550, 2015.
van de Velde, S., Van Lancker, V., Hidalgo-martinez, S., and Berelson, W.
M.: Anthropogenic disturbance keeps the coastal seafloor biogeochemistry in
a transient state, December 2017, Sci. Rep., 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23925-y, 2018.
Van Hoey, G., Guilini, K., Rabaut, M., Vincx, M., and Degraer, S.:
Ecological implications of the presence of the tube-building polychaete
Lanice conchilega on soft-bottom benthic ecosystems, Mar. Biol., 154,
1009–1019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0992-1, 2008.
van Marlen, B., de Haan, D., van Gool, A., and Burggraaf, D.: The effect of
pulse stimulation on biota – Research in relation to ICES advice – Progress
report with preliminary results, Institute for Marine Resources and
Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Report number C103/09, Wageningen, Netherlands,
53 pp., 2009.
Van Raaphorst, W., Kloosterhuis, H. T., Berghuis, E. M., Gieles, A. J. M.,
Malschaert, J. F. P., and Van Noort, G. J.: Nitrogen cycling in two types
of sediments of the Southern North sea (Frisian front, broad fourteens):
field data and mesocosm results, Neth. J. Sea Res., 28, 293–316,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(92)90033-B, 1992.
Short summary
This study gives an assessment of bottom trawling on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in a location known for its strong currents and variable habitats. Although trawl gears only removed the top 1 cm of the seabed surface, impacts on reef-building tubeworms significantly decreased carbon and nutrient cycling. Lighter trawls slightly reduced the impact on fauna and nutrients. Tubeworms were strongly linked to biogeochemical and faunal aspects before but not after trawling.
This study gives an assessment of bottom trawling on physical, chemical, and biological...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint