When glaciers retreat, new land surface is revealed. Using detailed glacial retreat maps, it is possible to determine for how long a location has been ice-free. This age is used in this study to analyse how fast carbon is incorporated into the soil. Our results show that the wetness of the soil strongly determines the CO₂ uptake and carbon incorporation rates. Wetlands cover a small percentage of the land surface but are nonetheless important for the carbon storage in the deglaciated area.

Algal blooms in lakes can cause large amounts of organic material to sink to the bottom, leading to low oxygen conditions and increased methane emissions. This study shows that adding oxygen to the bottom waters reduces methane emissions by 50 %, even after oxygen levels drop again. The effect was consistent across lakes with different nutrient levels. These findings suggest that oxygenation could be an effective strategy to reduce methane emissions in lakes.

Lake Lovojärvi is a nutrient-rich lake with high amounts of methane at the bottom, but little near the top. Methane comes from the sediment and rises up through the water but is consumed by microorganisms along the way. They use oxygen if available, but in deeper water layers, no oxygen was present. There, nitrite, iron and humic substances were used, besides a collaboration between photosynthetic organisms and methane consumers, in which the first produced oxygen for the latter.