BAFU (Ed.): Luftqualität 2021, Messresultate des Nationalen Beobachtungsnetzes für Luftfremdstoffe, NABEL, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Bern, Umwelt-Zustand Nr. 2227, 29 pp.,
https://www.bafu.admin.ch/uz-2114-d (last access: 31 August 2023), 2022.
Bowman, W. D., Cleveland C. C., Halada L., Hreško J., and Baron J. S.: Negative impact of nitrogen deposition on soil buffering capacity, Nat. Geosci., 1, 767–770, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo339, 2008.
Boxman, A. W., Peters, R. C., and Roelofs, J. G.: Long term changes in atmospheric N and S throughfall deposition and effects on soil solution chemistry in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands, Environ. Pollut., 156, 1252–1259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.017, 2008.
Delmas, R., Serca, D., and Jambert, C.: Global inventory of NO
x sources, Nutr. Cycling Agroecosys., 48, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009793806086, 1997.
EMEP: Status Report: Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components. European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, Joint MSC-W and CCC and CEIP and CIAM, Oslo, ISSN 1504-6192,
https://emep.int/publ/reports/2022/EMEP_Status_Report_1_2022.pdf (last access: 31 August 2023), 2022.
Galloway, J. N., Aber, J. D., Erisman, J. W., Seitzinger, S. P., Howarth, R. W., Cowling, E. B., and Cosby, B. J.: The nitrogen cascade, BioSci., 53, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0341:TNC]2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Grennfelt, P., Engleryd, A., Forsius, M., Øystein, H., Henning, R. and Ellis, C.: Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental science and policy, Ambio, 49, 849–864, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01244-4, 2020.
Göransson, A. and Eldhuset, T. D.: Effects of aluminium ions on uptake of calcium, magnesium and nitrogen in
Betula pendula seedlings growing at high and low nutrient supply rates, Water Air Soil Pollut., 83, 351–361, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00477362, 1995.
Hagedorn, F., Mohn, J., Schleppi, P., and Flühler, H.: The role of rapid flow paths for nitrogen transformation in a forest soil – a field study with micro suction cups, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 1915–1923, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6361915x, 1999.
Hagedorn, F., Bucher, J. B., and Schleppi, P.: Contrasting dynamics of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil and surface waters of forested catchments with Gleysols, Geoderma, 100, 173–192, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010397232239, 2001a.
Hagedorn, F., Schleppi, P., Bucher, J. B., and Flühler, H.: Retention and leaching of elevated N deposition in a forested ecosystem with Gleysols, Water Air Soil Pollut., 129, 119–142, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010397232239, 2001b.
Högberg, P., Fan, H., Quist, M., Binkley, D., and Tamm, C. O.: Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 years of experimental nitrogen loading on boreal forest, Glob. Change Biol., 12, 489–499, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01102.x, 2006.
Krause, K., Cherubini, P., Bugmann, H., and Schleppi, P.: Growth enhancement of
Picea abies trees under long-term low-dose N addition is due to morphological more than to physiological changes, Tree Physiol., 32, 1471–1481, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps109, 2012.
Krause, K., Niklaus, P. A., and Schleppi, P.: Soil-atmosphere fluxes of the greenhouse gases CO
2, CH
4 and N
2O in a mountain spruce forest subjected to long-term N addition and to tree girdling, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 181, 61–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.007, 2013.
Lawrence, G. B., Hazlett, P. W., Fernandez, I. J., Ouimet, R., Bailey, S. W., Shortle, W. C., Smith, K. T., and Antidormi, M. R.: Declining acidic deposition begins reversal of forest-soil acidification in the Northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 13103–13111, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02904, 2015.
Lieb, A. M., Darrozet-Nardi, A., and Bowman, W. D.: Nitrogen deposition decreases acid buffering capacity of alpine soils in the southern Rocky Mountains, Geoderma, 164, 220–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.013, 2011.
Lu, X., Mao, Q., Gilliam, F. S., Luo, Y., and Mo, J.: Nitrogen deposition contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 3790–3801, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(09)60108-9, 2014.
Lu, X.-K., Mo, J.-M., Gundersen, P., Zhu, W.-X., Zhou, G.-Y., Li, D.-J., and Zhang, X.: Effect of simulated N deposition on soil exchangeable cations in three forest types of subtropical China, Pedosphere, 19, 189–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(09)60108-9, 2009.
Mohn, J., Schürmann, A., Hagedorn, F., Schleppi, P., and Bachofen, R.: Increased rates of denitrification in nitrogen-treated forest soils, Forest Ecol. Manag., 137, 113–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00320-5, 2000.
Providoli, I., Bugmann, H., Siegwolf, R., Buchmann, N., and Schleppi, P.: Pathways and dynamics of
15NO
and
15NH
applied in a mountain
Picea abies forest and in a nearby meadow in central Switzerland, Soil Biol. Biochem., 38, 1645–1657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.019, 2006.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0,
http://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 31 August 2023), 2013.
Richter, A., Walthert, L., Frossard, E., and Brunner, I.: Does low soil base saturation affect fine root properties of European beech (
Fagus sylvatica L.), Plant Soil, 298, 69–79, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9338-x, 2007.
Rihm, B. and Achermann, B.: Critical Loads of Nitrogen and their Exceedances. Swiss contribution to the effects-oriented work under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (UNECE), Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, Environmental studies no. 1642, 78 pp.,
https://www.bafu.admin.ch/uw-1642-e (last access: 31 August 2023), 2016.
Schleppi, P., Muller, N., Feyen, H., Papritz, A., Bucher, J. B., and Flühler, H.: Nitrogen budgets of two small experimental forested catchments at Alptal, Switzerland, Forest Ecol. Manag., 101, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00134-5, 1998.
Schleppi, P., Muller, N., Edwards, P. J., and Bucher, J. B.: Three years of increased nitrogen deposition do not affect the vegetation of a montane forest ecosystem, Phyton – Annales Rei Botanicae, 39, 197–204, 1999.
Schleppi, P., Hagedorn, F., and Providoli, I.: Nitrate leaching from a mountain forest ecosystem with Gleysols subjected to experimentally increased N deposition, Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus, 4, 453–467, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000028371.72044.fb, 2004.
Schleppi, P., Waldner, P. A., and Fritschi, B.: Accuracy and precision of different sampling strategies and flux integration methods for runoff water: comparisons based on measurements of the electrical conductivity, Hydrol. Proc., 20, 395–410, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6057, 2006.
Schleppi, P., Curtaz, F., and Krause, K.: Nitrate leaching from a sub-alpine coniferous forest subjected to experimentally increased N deposition for 20 years, and effects of tree girdling and felling, Biogeochemestry, 134, 319–335, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0364-3, 2017.
Stähli, M.: Hydrological significance of soil frost for pre-alpine areas, J. Hydrol., 546, 90–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.032, 2017.
Templer, P. H., Harrison, J. L., Pilotto, F., Flores-Díaz, A., Haase, P., McDowell, W. H., Sharif, R., Shibata, H., Blankman, D., Avila, A., Baatar, U.-O., Bogena, H. R., Bourgeois, I., Campbell, J., Dirnböck, T., Dodds, W. K., Hauken, M., Kokorite, I., Lajtha, K., Lai, I. L., Laudon, H., Lin, T.-C., Lins, S. R. M., Meesenburg, H., Pinho, P., Robison, A., Rogora, M., Scheler, B., Schleppi, P., Sommaruga, R., Staszewski, T., and Taka, M.: Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate on nitrogen export from unmanaged watersheds: a data synthesis, Biogeochemestry, 160, 219–241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00951-7, 2022.
Thimonier, A., Kosonen, Z., Braun, S., Rihm, B., Schleppi, P., Schmitt, M., Seitler, E., Waldner, P., and Thöni, L.: Total deposition of nitrogen in Swiss forests: comparison of assessment methods and evaluation of changes over two decades, Atmos. Environ., 198, 335–350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.051, 2019.
Vitousek, P. M., Aber, J. D., Howarth, R. W., Likens, G. E., Matson, P. A., Schindler, D. W., Schlesinger, W. H., and Tilman, D. G.: Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences, Ecol. Appl., 7, 737–750, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0737:HAOTGN]2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Warfvinge, P. and Sverdrup, H.: Soil liming and runoff acidification mitigation, Lake Reservoir Manag., 1, 389–393, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148409354544, 1984.
