Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Mar 2019
Research article |
| 21 Mar 2019
| 21 Mar 2019
Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm experiment
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Maurice Levasseur
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Michael Scarratt
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, P.O. Box
1000, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, Canada
Sonia Michaud
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, P.O. Box
1000, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, Canada
Michel Starr
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, P.O. Box
1000, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, Canada
Alfonso Mucci
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450
University Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
Gustavo Ferreyra
Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du
Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec
G5L 3A1, Canada
Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bernardo
Houssay 200, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Michel Gosselin
Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du
Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec
G5L 3A1, Canada
Jean-Éric Tremblay
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Martine Lizotte
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Gui-Peng Yang
Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling
Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
Related authors
Robin Bénard, Maurice Levasseur, Michael Scarratt, Marie-Amélie Blais, Alfonso Mucci, Gustavo Ferreyra, Michel Starr, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, and Martine Lizotte
Biogeosciences, 15, 4883–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the dynamics of the phytoplankton fall boom in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Twelve 2600 L mesocosms were used to cover a wide range of pH and two temperatures. We found that warming, rather than acidification, is more likely to alter the autumnal bloom in this estuary in the decades to come by stimulating the development and senescence of diatoms, and promoting picocyanobacteria proliferation.
Nicolas Schiffrine, Fatma Dhifallah, Kaven Dionne, Michel Poulin, Sylvie Lessard, André Rochon, and Michel Gosselin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5681–5701, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Growing concern arises in the Arctic Ocean as toxic and harmful phytoplankton emerge due to climate change. The potential surge in these occurrences threatens both human health and the Arctic ecosystem. Our ongoing research yields insights into spatial patterns and biodiversity, challenging the belief that the Arctic is unsuitable for toxic and harmful algal events. This work underscores the need to comprehend and address the ecological impact of these emerging species in the Arctic environment.
Shengqian Zhou, Ying Chen, Shan Huang, Xianda Gong, Guipeng Yang, Honghai Zhang, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, Laurent Poulain, Yan Zhang, Fanghui Wang, Zongjun Xu, and Ke Yan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4267–4290, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a crucial natural reactive gas in the global climate system due to its great contribution to aerosols and subsequent impact on clouds over remote oceans. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we constructed a long-term global sea surface DMS gridded dataset with daily resolution. Compared to previous datasets, our new dataset holds promise for improving atmospheric chemistry modeling and advancing our comprehension of the climate effects associated with oceanic DMS.
Juan Yu, Lei Yu, Zhen He, Gui-Peng Yang, Jing-Guang Lai, and Qian Liu
Biogeosciences, 21, 161–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-161-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-161-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The distributions of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VSCs) (DMS, COS, and CS2) in the seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai and Yellow Seas were evaluated. Seasonal variations in VSCs were found and showed summer > spring. The COS concentrations exhibited positive correlation with DOC concentrations in seawater during summer. VSCs concentrations in seawater decreased with the depth. Sea-to-air fluxes of COS, DMS, and CS2 indicated that these marginal seas are sources of atmospheric VSCs.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Olivia Gibb, Frédéric Cyr, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Joël Chassé, Darlene Childs, Carrie-Ellen Gabriel, Peter S. Galbraith, Gary Maillet, Pierre Pepin, Stephen Punshon, and Michel Starr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4127–4162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. This, in turn, causes ocean acidification, which poses a major threat to global ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled 9 years (2014–2022) of ocean carbonate data (i.e., ocean acidification parameters) collected in Atlantic Canada as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Martine Lizotte, Bennet Juhls, Atsushi Matsuoka, Philippe Massicotte, Gaëlle Mével, David Obie James Anikina, Sofia Antonova, Guislain Bécu, Marine Béguin, Simon Bélanger, Thomas Bossé-Demers, Lisa Bröder, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, Jérôme Comte, Raoul-Marie Couture, Emmanuel Devred, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Thibaud Dezutter, Miles Dillon, David Doxaran, Aude Flamand, Frank Fell, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Michael Fritz, Thomas J. Gordon, Caroline Guilmette, Andrea Hilborn, Rachel Hussherr, Charlotte Irish, Fabien Joux, Lauren Kipp, Audrey Laberge-Carignan, Hugues Lantuit, Edouard Leymarie, Antonio Mannino, Juliette Maury, Paul Overduin, Laurent Oziel, Colin Stedmon, Crystal Thomas, Lucas Tisserand, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jorien Vonk, Dustin Whalen, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1617–1653, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in the Mackenzie Delta region results in the release of organic matter into the coastal marine environment. What happens to this carbon-rich organic matter as it transits along the fresh to salty aquatic environments is still underdocumented. Four expeditions were conducted from April to September 2019 in the coastal area of the Beaufort Sea to study the fate of organic matter. This paper describes a rich set of data characterizing the composition and sources of organic matter.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Lin Yang, Jing Zhang, Anja Engel, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5251–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enrichment factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the eastern marginal seas of China exhibited a significant spatio-temporal variation. Photochemical and enrichment processes co-regulated DOM enrichment in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Autochthonous DOM was more frequently enriched in the SML than terrestrial DOM. DOM in the sub-surface water exhibited higher aromaticity than that in the SML.
Flavienne Bruyant, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Lise Artigue, Lucas Barbedo de Freitas, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Pascaline Bourgain, Annick Bricaud, Etienne Brouard, Camille Brunet, Tonya Burgers, Danielle Caleb, Katrine Chalut, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Marine Cusa, Fanny Cusset, Laeticia Dadaglio, Marty Davelaar, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Dany Dumont, Brent Else, Igor Eulaers, Joannie Ferland, Gabrielle Filteau, Marie-Hélène Forget, Jérome Fort, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Morgane Gallinari, Svend-Erik Garbus, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Colline Gombault, Priscilla Gourvil, Clémence Goyens, Cindy Grant, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Sandrine Hillion, Rachel Hussherr, Fabien Joux, Hannah Joy-Warren, Gabriel Joyal, David Kieber, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Patrick Lajeunesse, Catherine Lalande, Jade Larivière, Florence Le Gall, Karine Leblanc, Mathieu Leblanc, Justine Legras, Keith Lévesque, Kate-M. Lewis, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Thomas Linkowski, Martine Lizotte, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Guillaume Massé, Philippe Massicotte, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa A. Miller, Sharif Mirshak, Nathalie Morata, Brivaela Moriceau, Philippe-Israël Morin, Simon Morisset, Anders Mosbech, Alfonso Mucci, Gabrielle Nadaï, Christian Nozais, Ingrid Obernosterer, Thimoté Paire, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Marie Parenteau, Noémie Pelletier, Marc Picheral, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Llúcia Ribot Lacosta, Jean-François Rontani, Blanche Saint-Béat, Julie Sansoulet, Noé Sardet, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Sciandra, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Jordan Toullec, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Annie-Pier Trottier, Daniel Vaulot, Anda Vladoiu, Lei Xue, Gustavo Yunda-Guarin, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607–4642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a dataset acquired during a research cruise held in Baffin Bay in 2016. We observed that the disappearance of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean increases both the length and spatial extent of the phytoplankton growth season. In the future, this will impact the food webs on which the local populations depend for their food supply and fisheries. This dataset will provide insight into quantifying these impacts and help the decision-making process for policymakers.
Junri Zhao, Weichun Ma, Kelsey R. Bilsback, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Shengqian Zhou, Ying Chen, Guipeng Yang, and Yan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9583–9600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions play important roles in atmospheric sulfur cycle and climate effects. In this study, DMS emissions were estimated by using the machine learning method and drove the global 3D chemical transport model to simulate their climate effects. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the Asian region that quantifies the combined impacts of DMS on sulfate, particle number concentration, and radiative forcings.
Bjorn Sundby, Pierre Anschutz, Pascal Lecroart, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 19, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A glacial–interglacial methane-fuelled redistribution of reactive phosphorus between the oceanic and sedimentary phosphorus reservoirs can occur in the ocean when falling sea level lowers the pressure on the seafloor, destabilizes methane hydrates, and triggers the dissolution of P-bearing iron oxides. The mass of phosphate potentially mobilizable from the sediment is similar to the size of the current oceanic reservoir. Hence, this process may play a major role in the marine phosphorus cycle.
Cynthia Evelyn Bluteau, Peter S. Galbraith, Daniel Bourgault, Vincent Villeneuve, and Jean-Éric Tremblay
Ocean Sci., 17, 1509–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1509-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018, the Canadian Coast Guard approved a science team to sample in tandem with its ice-breaking and ship escorting operations. This collaboration provided the first mixing observations during winter that covered the largest spatial extent of the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence ever measured in any season. Contrary to previous assumptions, we demonstrate that fluvial nitrate inputs from upstream (i.e., Great Lakes) are the most significant source of nitrate in the estuary.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Chantal Mears, Helmuth Thomas, Paul B. Henderson, Matthew A. Charette, Hugh MacIntyre, Frank Dehairs, Christophe Monnin, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 4937–4959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Major research initiatives have been undertaken within the Arctic Ocean, highlighting this area's global importance and vulnerability to climate change. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program addressed this importance by devoting intense research activities to the Arctic Ocean. Among various tracers, we used radium and carbonate system data to elucidate the functioning and vulnerability of the hydrographic regime of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, bridging the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Alexis Beaupré-Laperrière, Alfonso Mucci, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 17, 3923–3942, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification is the process by which the oceans are changing due to carbon dioxide emissions from human activities. Studying this process in the Arctic Ocean is essential as this ocean and its ecosystems are more vulnerable to the effects of acidification. Water chemistry measurements made in recent years show that waters in and around the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are considerably affected by this process and show dynamic conditions that might have an impact on local marine organisms.
Mathieu Casado, Gwenaëlle Gremion, Paul Rosenbaum, Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Kelsey Aho, Nicolas Champollion, Sarah L. Connors, Adrian Dahood, Alfonso Fernandez, Martine Lizotte, Katja Mintenbeck, Elvira Poloczanska, and Gerlis Fugmann
Geosci. Commun., 3, 89–97, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-89-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-89-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Early-career scientists (ECSs) are rarely invited to act as peer reviewers. Participating in a group peer review of the IPCC Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, PhD students spent more time reviewing than more established scientists and provided a similar proportion of substantive comments. By soliciting and including ECSs in peer review, the scientific community would reduce the burden on more established scientists and may improve the quality of that process.
Xi Wu, Pei-Feng Li, Hong-Hai Zhang, Mao-Xu Zhu, Chun-Ying Liu, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 17, 1991–2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1991-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1991-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Acrylic acid (AA) exhibited obvious spatial and temporal variations in the Bohai and Yellow seas. Strong biological production and abundant terrestrial inputs led to high AA in summer. Extremely high AA in sediments might result from the cleavage of intracellular DMSP and reduce bacterial metabolism. Degradation experiments of AA and DMSP proved other sources of AA and microbial consumption to be the key removal source. This study provided insightful information on the sulfur cycle these seas.
Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, Virginie Galindo, Margaux Gourdal, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Marjolaine Blais, Joannie Charette, and Rachel Hussherr
Biogeosciences, 17, 1557–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1557-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1557-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study brings further support to the premise that the prevalence of younger and thinner icescapes over older and thicker ones in the Canadian High Arctic favors the early development of under-ice microorganisms as well as their production of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS). Given the rapid rate of climate-driven changes in Arctic sea ice, our results suggest implications for the timing and magnitude of DMS pulses in the Arctic, with ramifications for climate forecasting.
Louise Delaigue, Helmuth Thomas, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 547–566, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on the first compilation and analysis of the surface water pCO2 distribution in the Saguenay Fjord, the southernmost subarctic fjord in the Northern Hemisphere, and thus fills a significant knowledge gap in current regional estimates of estuarine CO2 emissions.
Philippe Massicotte, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Mathieu Ardyna, Laurent Arnaud, Lise Artigue, Cyril Aubry, Pierre Ayotte, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Henry C. Bittig, Annick Bricaud, Éric Brossier, Flavienne Bruyant, Laurent Chauvaud, Debra Christiansen-Stowe, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Christine Cox, Aurelie Delaforge, Thibaud Dezutter, Céline Dimier, Florent Domine, Francis Dufour, Christiane Dufresne, Dany Dumont, Jens Ehn, Brent Else, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Virginie Galindo, Morgane Gallinari, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Margaux Gourdal, Priscilla Gourvil, Clemence Goyens, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Caroline Guilmette, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Fabien Joux, Léo Lacour, Thomas Lacour, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Catherine Lalande, Julien Laliberté, Simon Lambert-Girard, Jade Larivière, Johann Lavaud, Anita LeBaron, Karine Leblanc, Florence Le Gall, Justine Legras, Mélanie Lemire, Maurice Levasseur, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Antonio Lourenço, David Mah, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Nicolas Martin, Constance Marty, Sabine Marty, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa Matthes, Brivaela Moriceau, Pierre-Emmanuel Muller, Christopher-John Mundy, Griet Neukermans, Laurent Oziel, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Jean-Jacques Pangrazi, Ghislain Picard, Marc Picheral, France Pinczon du Sel, Nicole Pogorzelec, Ian Probert, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Erin Reimer, Jean-François Rontani, Søren Rysgaard, Blanche Saint-Béat, Makoto Sampei, Julie Sansoulet, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Yuan Shen, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Daniel Vaulot, Gauthier Verin, Frédéric Vivier, Anda Vladoiu, Jeremy Whitehead, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 151–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-151-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-151-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Green Edge initiative was developed to understand the processes controlling the primary productivity and the fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic spring bloom (PSB). In this article, we present an overview of an extensive and comprehensive dataset acquired during two expeditions conducted in 2015 and 2016 on landfast ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay.
Ye Tian, Gui-Peng Yang, Chun-Ying Liu, Pei-Feng Li, Hong-Tao Chen, and Hermann W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 16, 135–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitric oxide (NO) could be produced by nitrite photolysis; the rates from dissolved nitrite in artificial seawater showed increasing trends with decreasing pH, increasing temperatures, and increasing salinity. However, NO photoproduction from the natural seawater samples did not show correlations with pH, water temperature, salinity, or dissolved nitrite concentrations in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean (WNTP). And there were other NO loss processes in the surface layer of WNTP.
Roya Ghahreman, Wanmin Gong, Martí Galí, Ann-Lise Norman, Stephen R. Beagley, Ayodeji Akingunola, Qiong Zheng, Alexandru Lupu, Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, and W. Richard Leaitch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14455–14476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14455-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14455-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric DMS(g) is a climatically important compound and the main source of biogenic sulfate in the Arctic. Its abundance in the Arctic increases during summer due to greater ice-free sea surface and higher biological activity. In this study, we implemented DMS(g) in a regional air quality forecast model configured for the Arctic. The study showed a significant impact from DMS(g) on sulfate aerosols, particularly in the 50–100 nm size range, in the Arctic marine boundary layer during summer.
Ye Tian, Chao Xue, Chun-Ying Liu, Gui-Peng Yang, Pei-Feng Li, Wei-Hua Feng, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 4485–4496, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4485-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitric oxide (NO) seems to be widespread, with different functions in the marine ecosystem, but we know little about it. Concentrations of NO were in a range from below the limit of detection to 616 pmol L−1 at the surface and 482 pmol L−1 at the bottom of the Bohai and Yellow seas. The study region was a source of atmospheric NO. Net NO sea-to-air fluxes were much lower than NO photoproduction rates, implying that the NO produced in the mixed layer was rapidly consumed before entering the air.
Victoria E. Irish, Sarah J. Hanna, Yu Xi, Matthew Boyer, Elena Polishchuk, Mohamed Ahmed, Jessie Chen, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Michel Gosselin, Rachel Chang, Lisa A. Miller, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7775–7787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7775-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7775-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). In this study we compared INPs measured in microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic in 2016 to those measured in 2014. A strong negative correlation between salinity and freezing temperatures was observed, possibly due to INPs associated with melting sea ice. In addition, although spatial patterns of INPs and salinities were similar in 2014 and 2016, the concentrations of INPs were on average higher in 2016.
Rashed Mahmood, Knut von Salzen, Ann-Lise Norman, Martí Galí, and Maurice Levasseur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6419–6435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6419-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6419-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates impacts of surface seawater dimethylsulfide on Arctic sulfate aerosol budget, changes in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), and cloud radiative forcing under current and future sea ice conditions using an atmospheric global climate model. In the future, sulfate wet removal efficiency is increased by enhanced precipitation; however, simulated aerosol nucleation rates are higher, which result in an overall increase in CDNC and negative cloud radiative forcing.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, W. Richard Leaitch, Amir A. Aliabadi, Allan K. Bertram, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Heiko Bozem, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y. W. Chang, Joannie Charette, Jai P. Chaubey, Robert J. Christensen, Ana Cirisan, Douglas B. Collins, Betty Croft, Joelle Dionne, Greg J. Evans, Christopher G. Fletcher, Martí Galí, Roya Ghahreman, Eric Girard, Wanmin Gong, Michel Gosselin, Margaux Gourdal, Sarah J. Hanna, Hakase Hayashida, Andreas B. Herber, Sareh Hesaraki, Peter Hoor, Lin Huang, Rachel Hussherr, Victoria E. Irish, Setigui A. Keita, John K. Kodros, Franziska Köllner, Felicia Kolonjari, Daniel Kunkel, Luis A. Ladino, Kathy Law, Maurice Levasseur, Quentin Libois, John Liggio, Martine Lizotte, Katrina M. Macdonald, Rashed Mahmood, Randall V. Martin, Ryan H. Mason, Lisa A. Miller, Alexander Moravek, Eric Mortenson, Emma L. Mungall, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maryam Namazi, Ann-Lise Norman, Norman T. O'Neill, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Lynn M. Russell, Johannes Schneider, Hannes Schulz, Sangeeta Sharma, Meng Si, Ralf M. Staebler, Nadja S. Steiner, Jennie L. Thomas, Knut von Salzen, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Megan D. Willis, Gregory R. Wentworth, Jun-Wei Xu, and Jacqueline D. Yakobi-Hancock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2527–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is experiencing considerable environmental change with climate warming, illustrated by the dramatic decrease in sea-ice extent. It is important to understand both the natural and perturbed Arctic systems to gain a better understanding of how they will change in the future. This paper summarizes new insights into the relationships between Arctic aerosol particles and climate, as learned over the past five or so years by a large Canadian research consortium, NETCARE.
Sheng-Hui Zhang, Juan Yu, Qiong-Yao Ding, Gui-Peng Yang, Kun-Shan Gao, Hong-Hai Zhang, and Da-Wei Pan
Biogeosciences, 15, 6649–6658, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6649-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6649-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental effects of ocean acidification and trace gases have drawn much attention in recent years and existing studies reveal that the response of communities and trace gases to ocean acidification is still not predictable and requires further study. The present study examined the effect of elevated pCO2 on trace gas production and phytoplankton during an ocean acidification mesocosm experiment.
Robin Bénard, Maurice Levasseur, Michael Scarratt, Marie-Amélie Blais, Alfonso Mucci, Gustavo Ferreyra, Michel Starr, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, and Martine Lizotte
Biogeosciences, 15, 4883–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the dynamics of the phytoplankton fall boom in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Twelve 2600 L mesocosms were used to cover a wide range of pH and two temperatures. We found that warming, rather than acidification, is more likely to alter the autumnal bloom in this estuary in the decades to come by stimulating the development and senescence of diatoms, and promoting picocyanobacteria proliferation.
Martí Galí, Maurice Levasseur, Emmanuel Devred, Rafel Simó, and Marcel Babin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3497–3519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm to estimate the sea-surface concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) using satellite data. DMS is a gas produced by marine plankton that, once emitted to the atmosphere, plays a key climatic role by seeding cloud formation. We used the algorithm to produce global DMS maps and also regional DMS time series. The latter suggest that DMS can vary largely from one year to another, which should be taken into account in atmospheric studies.
Margaux Gourdal, Martine Lizotte, Guillaume Massé, Michel Gosselin, Michel Poulin, Michael Scarratt, Joannie Charette, and Maurice Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 15, 3169–3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3169-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3169-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Melt ponds (MP) forming over first year ice (FYI) represent a potential source of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere. Nine MP were sampled in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. DMS concentrations reaching up to 6 nmol L−1, twice the world's surface oceanic mean, were measured. Seawater intrusion appeared to seed MP with DMS-producing communities. DMS flux from Arctic MP is expected to increase in response to the expanding areal and temporal trends of MP on FYI.
Tereza Jarníková, John Dacey, Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, and Philippe Tortell
Biogeosciences, 15, 2449–2465, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents some of the first high-resolution measurements of a biologically-produced climate-active sulfur gas (dimethylsulfide – DMS) ever made in the Canadian Arctic, taken using two novel high-resolution sampling techniques aboard an icebreaker in the summer of 2015. We show increased concentrations of DMS and its precursors in frontal zones and areas of high sea ice accumulation. Our results provide a snapshot of climate-active gas dynamics in a rapidly changing Arctic.
Jacoba Mol, Helmuth Thomas, Paul G. Myers, Xianmin Hu, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 15, 1011–1027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1011-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1011-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the fall of 2014, the upwelling of water from the deep Canada Basin brought water onto the shallower Mackenzie Shelf in the Beaufort Sea. This increased the concentration of CO2 in water on the shelf, which alters pH and changes the transfer of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere. These findings were a combined result of water sampling for CO2 parameters and the use of a computer model that simulates water movement in the ocean.
Juan Yu, Jiyuan Tian, Zhengyu Zhang, Guipeng Yang, and Hongju Chen
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-568, 2018
Preprint retracted
Short summary
Short summary
Data from the field experiment showed that Calanus sinicus was the predominant copepod in Jiaozhou Bay and has no apparent effect on DMS/DMSP production. The results in the laboratory experiment showed that the effects of C. sinicus grazing on DMS/DMSP production differed depending on the food type, food concentration and salinity. The data presented in this study are helpful to evaluate the copepod role on the biogeochemical cycle of DMSP in Jiaozhou Bay.
Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, Cliff S. Law, Carolyn F. Walker, Karl A. Safi, Andrew Marriner, and Ronald P. Kiene
Ocean Sci., 13, 961–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
During a 4-week oceanographic cruise in 2012, we investigated the water masses bordering the subtropical front near New Zealand as sources of the biogenic gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMS oxidation products may influence the atmospheric radiative budget of the Earth. Concentrations of DMS were high in the study region and DMS's precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, showed a strong association with phytoplankton biomass in relation to the persistent dominance of dinoflagellates/coccolithophores.
Cliff S. Law, Murray J. Smith, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Luke T. Cravigan, Fiona C. Elliott, Sarah J. Lawson, Martine Lizotte, Andrew Marriner, John McGregor, Zoran Ristovski, Karl A. Safi, Eric S. Saltzman, Petri Vaattovaara, and Carolyn F. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13645–13667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out a multidisciplinary study to examine how aerosol production is influenced by the production and emission of trace gases and particles in the surface ocean. Phytoplankton blooms of different species composition in frontal waters southeast of New Zealand were a significant source of dimethylsulfide and other aerosol precursors. The relationships between surface ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol composition will inform the understanding of aerosol production over the remote ocean.
Douglas B. Collins, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Martine Lizotte, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Marjolaine Blais, Emma L. Mungall, Matthew Boyer, Victoria E. Irish, Guillaume Massé, Daniel Kunkel, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Tim Papakyriakou, Allan K. Bertram, Heiko Bozem, Michel Gosselin, Maurice Levasseur, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13119–13138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13119-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13119-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The sources of aerosol particles and their growth to sizes large enough to act as cloud droplet seeds is of major importance to climate since clouds exert substantial control over the atmospheric energy balance. Using ship-board measurements from two summers in the Canadian Arctic, aerosol formation events were related to co-sampled atmospheric and oceanic parameters, providing insight into factors that drive particle formation and motivating further study of ocean–atmosphere interactions.
Shan Jian, Jing Zhang, Hong-Hai Zhang, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-453, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Victoria E. Irish, Pablo Elizondo, Jessie Chen, Cédric Chou, Joannie Charette, Martine Lizotte, Luis A. Ladino, Theodore W. Wilson, Michel Gosselin, Benjamin J. Murray, Elena Polishchuk, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Lisa A. Miller, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10583–10595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10583-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10583-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a possible source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). In this study we found that INPs were ubiquitous in the sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic. A strong negative correlation was observed between salinity and freezing temperatures (after correcting for freezing point depression). Heat and filtration treatments of the samples showed that the INPs were likely biological material with sizes between 0.02 μm and 0.2 μm in diameter.
Chun-Ying Liu, Wei-Hua Feng, Ye Tian, Gui-Peng Yang, Pei-Feng Li, and Hermann W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 13, 623–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-623-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-623-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new method for the determination of dissolved nitric oxide (NO) in discrete seawater samples based on the combination of a purge-and-trap setup and a fluorometric detection of NO. With this method we have a reliable and comparably easy to use method to measure oceanic NO surface concentrations, which can be used to decipher both its temporal and spatial distributions as well as its biogeochemical pathways in the oceans.
Roya Ghahreman, Ann-Lise Norman, Betty Croft, Randall V. Martin, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Julia Burkart, Ofelia Rempillo, Heiko Bozem, Daniel Kunkel, Jennie L. Thomas, Amir A. Aliabadi, Gregory R. Wentworth, Maurice Levasseur, Ralf M. Staebler, Sangeeta Sharma, and W. Richard Leaitch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8757–8770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8757-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8757-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present spring and summertime vertical profile measurements of Arctic dimethyl sulfide (DMS), together with model simulations to consider what these profiles indicate about DMS sources and lifetimes in the Arctic. Our results highlight the role of local open water as the source of DMS(g) during July 2014 and the influence of long-range transport of DMS(g) from further afield in the Arctic during April 2015.
Ashley Dinauer and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 14, 3221–3237, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3221-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3221-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Because of its large physical dimensions and unimpeded connection to the Atlantic Ocean, the St. Lawrence Gulf and Estuary encompass both estuarine and marine environments. The underlying physical and biogeochemical processes are reflected in the spatial pattern of surface-water pCO2 (139–765 µatm). The shallow partially mixed upper estuary was a CO2 source due to microbial respiration, whereas the deep stratified lower estuary was generally a CO2 sink due to phytoplankton photosynthesis.
Hakase Hayashida, Nadja Steiner, Adam Monahan, Virginie Galindo, Martine Lizotte, and Maurice Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 14, 3129–3155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In remote regions, cloud conditions may be strongly influenced by oceanic source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by plankton and bacteria. In the Arctic, sea ice provides an additional source of these aerosols. The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account both the sea-ice sulfur cycle and ecosystem in the flux estimates of oceanic DMS near the ice margins and identify key uncertainties in processes and rates that would be better constrained by new observations.
Rachel Hussherr, Maurice Levasseur, Martine Lizotte, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jacoba Mol, Helmuth Thomas, Michel Gosselin, Michel Starr, Lisa A. Miller, Tereza Jarniková, Nina Schuback, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 14, 2407–2427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the impact of ocean acidification on phytoplankton and its synthesis of the climate-active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS), as well as its modulation, by two contrasting light regimes in the Arctic. The light regimes tested had no significant impact on either the phytoplankton or DMS concentration, whereas both variables decreased linearly with the decrease in pH. Thus, a rapid decrease in surface water pH could alter the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production in the Arctic.
Amir A. Aliabadi, Jennie L. Thomas, Andreas B. Herber, Ralf M. Staebler, W. Richard Leaitch, Hannes Schulz, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Julia Burkart, Megan D. Willis, Heiko Bozem, Peter M. Hoor, Franziska Köllner, Johannes Schneider, Maurice Levasseur, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7899–7916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, ship emissions of an ice-breaker, the Amundsen, is characterized while breaking ice in the Canadian Arctic using the plume intercepts by the Polar 6 aircraft. The study is novel, estimating lower plume expansion rates over the stable Arctic marine boundary layer and different emissions factors for oxides of nitrogen, black carbon, and carbon monoxide, compared to plume intercept studies in mid latitudes. These results can inform policy making and emission inventory datasets.
Emma L. Mungall, Betty Croft, Martine Lizotte, Jennie L. Thomas, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maurice Levasseur, Randall V. Martin, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, John Liggio, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6665–6680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Previous work has suggested that marine emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) could impact the Arctic climate through interactions with clouds. We made the first high-time-resolution measurements of summertime atmospheric DMS in the Canadian Arctic, and performed source sensitivity simulations. We found that regional marine sources dominated, but do not appear to be sufficient to explain our observations. Understanding DMS sources in the Arctic is necessary to model future climate in the region.
Roya Ghahreman, Ann-Lise Norman, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Maurice Levasseur, and Jennie L. Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5191–5202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5191-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5191-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols in six size fractions (> 0.49–7.0 microns) were collected in the Arctic (July 2014). The isotopic composition of sulfate aerosols was measured to determine the role of biogenic and anthropogenic sources in the growth of aerosols. More than 63 % of the average sulfate concentration in the fine aerosols (> 0.49 microns) was from biogenic sources. For some samples, the S isotope ratio values for SO2 and fine aerosols were close together, suggesting the same source for SO2 and aerosol sulfur.
Josiane Mélançon, Maurice Levasseur, Martine Lizotte, Michael Scarratt, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Philippe Tortell, Gui-Peng Yang, Guang-Yu Shi, Huiwang Gao, David Semeniuk, Marie Robert, Michael Arychuk, Keith Johnson, Nes Sutherland, Marty Davelaar, Nina Nemcek, Angelica Peña, and Wendy Richardson
Biogeosciences, 13, 1677–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1677-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1677-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification is likely to affect iron-limited phytoplankton fertilization by desert dust. Short incubations of northeast subarctic Pacific waters enriched with dust and set at pH 8.0 and 7.8 were conducted. Acidification led to a significant reduction (by 16–38 %) of the final concentration of chl a reached after enrichment. These results show that dust deposition events in a low-pH iron-limited ocean are likely to stimulate phytoplankton growth to a lesser extent than in today's ocean.
Gregory R. Wentworth, Jennifer G. Murphy, Betty Croft, Randall V. Martin, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Jean-Sébastien Côté, Isabelle Courchesne, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jonathan Gagnon, Jennie L. Thomas, Sangeeta Sharma, Desiree Toom-Sauntry, Alina Chivulescu, Maurice Levasseur, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1937-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1937-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Air near the surface in the summertime Arctic is extremely clean and typically has very low concentrations of both gases and particles. However, atmospheric measurements taken throughout the Canadian Arctic in the summer of 2014 revealed higher-than-expected amounts of gaseous ammonia. It is likely the majority of this ammonia is coming from migratory seabird colonies throughout the Arctic. Seabird guano (dung) releases ammonia which could impact climate and sensitive Arctic ecosystems.
P. Coupel, A. Matsuoka, D. Ruiz-Pino, M. Gosselin, D. Marie, J.-É. Tremblay, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 12, 991–1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-991-2015, 2015
J.-É. Tremblay, P. Raimbault, N. Garcia, B. Lansard, M. Babin, and J. Gagnon
Biogeosciences, 11, 4853–4868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4853-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4853-2014, 2014
A. Forest, P. Coupel, B. Else, S. Nahavandian, B. Lansard, P. Raimbault, T. Papakyriakou, Y. Gratton, L. Fortier, J.-É. Tremblay, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 11, 2827–2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2827-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2827-2014, 2014
A. Taalba, H. Xie, M. G. Scarratt, S. Bélanger, and M. Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 10, 6793–6806, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6793-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6793-2013, 2013
M. Ardyna, M. Babin, M. Gosselin, E. Devred, S. Bélanger, A. Matsuoka, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 4383–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4383-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4383-2013, 2013
S. Bélanger, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 4087–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, 2013
V. Le Fouest, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 3661–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3661-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3661-2013, 2013
J. Martin, J. É. Tremblay, and N. M. Price
Biogeosciences, 9, 5353–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5353-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5353-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
The influence of zooplankton and oxygen on the particulate organic carbon flux in the Benguela Upwelling System
Reviews and syntheses: Biological indicators of low-oxygen stress in marine water-breathing animals
Temperature-enhanced effects of iron on Southern Ocean phytoplankton
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth system model
The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a potential late-summer CO2 source to the atmosphere
Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
Estimates of carbon sequestration potential in an expanding Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Svalbard) affected by dark plumes of glacial meltwater
An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds
High metabolic zinc demand within native Amundsen and Ross Sea phytoplankton communities determined by stable isotope uptake rate measurements
Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area
Variable contribution of wastewater treatment plant effluents to downstream nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions
Long-term variations of pH in coastal waters along the Korean Peninsula
Responses of microbial metabolic rates to non-equilibrated silicate vs calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement
Distribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic equatorial estuary: the Johor River and the East Johor Strait
Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Quantification and mitigation of bottom-trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Multi-model comparison of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the northwest European continental shelf under climate change
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Assessing the impacts of simulated Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement on viability and growth of near-shore species of phytoplankton
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
Countering the effect of ocean acidification in coastal sediments through carbonate mineral additions
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred from δ13C and δ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Influence of manganese cycling on alkalinity in the redox stratified water column of Chesapeake Bay
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Drivers of particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system
Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
High metabolism and periodic hypoxia associated with drifting macrophyte detritus in the shallow subtidal Baltic Sea
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Luisa Chiara Meiritz, Tim Rixen, Anja Karin van der Plas, Tarron Lamont, and Niko Lahajnar
Biogeosciences, 21, 5261–5276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Moored and drifting sediment trap experiments in the northern (nBUS) and southern (sBUS) Benguela Upwelling System showed that active carbon fluxes by vertically migrating zooplankton were about 3 times higher in the sBUS than in the nBUS. Despite these large variabilities, the mean passive particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes were almost equal in the two subsystems. The more intense near-bottom oxygen minimum layer seems to lead to higher POC fluxes and accumulation rates in the nBUS.
Michael R. Roman, Andrew H. Altieri, Denise Breitburg, Erica M. Ferrer, Natalya D. Gallo, Shin-ichi Ito, Karin Limburg, Kenneth Rose, Moriaki Yasuhara, and Lisa A. Levin
Biogeosciences, 21, 4975–5004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen-depleted ocean waters have increased worldwide. In order to improve our understanding of the impacts of this oxygen loss on marine life it is essential that we develop reliable indicators that track the negative impacts of low oxygen. We review various indicators of low-oxygen stress for marine animals including their use, research needs, and application to confront the challenges of ocean oxygen loss.
Charlotte Eich, Mathijs van Manen, J. Scott P. McCain, Loay J. Jabre, Willem H. van de Poll, Jinyoung Jung, Sven B. E. H. Pont, Hung-An Tian, Indah Ardiningsih, Gert-Jan Reichart, Erin M. Bertrand, Corina P. D. Brussaard, and Rob Middag
Biogeosciences, 21, 4637–4663, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean (SO) is often limited by low iron (Fe) concentrations. Sea surface warming impacts Fe availability and can affect phytoplankton growth. We used shipboard Fe clean incubations to test how changes in Fe and temperature affect SO phytoplankton. Their abundances usually increased with Fe addition and temperature increase, with Fe being the major factor. These findings imply potential shifts in ecosystem structure, impacting food webs and elemental cycling.
Miriam Tivig, David P. Keller, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 21, 4469–4493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biological production is highly dependent on the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Rivers are the main source of phosphorus to the oceans but poorly represented in global model oceans. We include dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus from river export in a global model ocean and find that the addition of riverine phosphorus affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Globally, riverine phosphorus input increases primary production rates.
Esdoorn Willcox, Marcos Lemes, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Johnna Marchiano Holding, and Søren Rysgaard
Biogeosciences, 21, 4037–4050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we measured the chemistry of seawater from samples obtained from different depths and locations off the east coast of the Northeast Greenland National Park to determine what is influencing concentrations of dissolved CO2. Historically, the region has always been thought to take up CO2 from the atmosphere, but we show that it is possible for the region to become a source in late summer. We discuss the variables that may be related to such changes.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3665–3676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CO2 removal method, but its environmental effects are insufficiently understood. The OAE Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) provides funding for a standardized and globally replicated microcosm experiment to study the effects of OAE on plankton communities. Here, we provide a detailed manual for the OAEPIIP experiment. We expect OAEPIIP to help build scientific consensus on the effects of OAE on plankton.
Marlena Szeligowska, Déborah Benkort, Anna Przyborska, Mateusz Moskalik, Bernabé Moreno, Emilia Trudnowska, and Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Biogeosciences, 21, 3617–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The European Arctic is experiencing rapid regional warming, causing glaciers that terminate in the sea to retreat onto land. Due to this process, the area of a well-studied fjord, Hornsund, has increased by around 100 km2 (40%) since 1976. Combining satellite and in situ data with a mathematical model, we estimated that, despite some negative consequences of glacial meltwater release, such emerging coastal waters could mitigate climate change by increasing carbon uptake and storage by sediments.
Mallory C. Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon, Brendan R. Carter, and Matthew D. Eisaman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3551–3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to store atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate. We monitored CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH to establish operational boundaries for carbon removal experiments. Results show that CO2 equilibration occurred on the order of weeks to months, was consistent with values expected from equilibration calculations, and was limited by mineral precipitation at high pH and CaCO3 saturation.
Riss M. Kell, Rebecca J. Chmiel, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. McIlvin, Tristan J. Horner, Nicole L. Schanke, Robert B. Dunbar, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2085, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Southern Ocean phytoplankton play a pivotal role in regulating the uptake and sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This study describes a new stable zinc isotope uptake rate measurement method used to quantify zinc and cadmium uptake rates within native Southern Ocean phytoplankton communities. This data can better inform biogeochemical model predictions of primary production, carbon export, and atmospheric carbon dioxide flux.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 21, 3425–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. Dissolved NO was supersaturated in the Elbe Estuary, indicating that it is a source of atmospheric NO. The observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification.
Weiyi Tang, Jeff Talbott, Timothy Jones, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 21, 3239–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of WWTPs on the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O in downstream aquatic environments is less constrained. We found spatially and temporally variable but overall higher N2O concentrations and fluxes in waters downstream of WWTPs, pointing to the need for efficient N2O removal in addition to the treatment of nitrogen in WWTPs.
Yong-Woo Lee, Mi-Ok Park, Seong-Gil Kim, Tae-Hoon Kim, Yong-Hwa Oh, Sang Heun Lee, and Dong Joo Joung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1836, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1836, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A long-term pH variation in coastal waters along the Korean peninsula was assessed for the first time, and it exhibited no significant pH change over an 11-year period. This contrasts with the ongoing pH decline in open oceans and other coastal areas. Analysis of environmental data showed that pH is mainly controlled by dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. This suggests that ocean warming could cause a pH decline in Korean coastal waters, affecting many fish and seaweeds aquaculture operations.
Laura Marin-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, and Ulf Riebesell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1776, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study exposed a natural community to two non-CO2 equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) deployments using different minerals. Adding alkalinity in this manner decreases dissolved CO2, essential for photosynthesis. While photosynthesis was not suppressed, bloom formation was delayed, potentially impacting marine food webs. The study emphasizes the need for further research on OAE without prior equilibration and its ecological implications
Amanda Y. L. Cheong, Kogila Vani Annammala, Ee Ling Yong, Yongli Zhou, Robert S. Nichols, and Patrick Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 2955–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and dissolved organic matter for 1 year in a eutrophic tropical estuary to understand their sources and cycling. Our data show that the dissolved organic matter originates partly from land and partly from microbial processes in the water. Internal recycling is likely important for maintaining high nutrient concentrations, and we found that there is often excess nitrogen compared to silicon and phosphorus. Our data help to explain how eutrophication persists in this system.
Aaron Ferderer, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Kirralee G. Baker, Zanna Chase, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising method of atmospheric carbon removal; however, its ecological impacts remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on diatom silicification. We found that increased silicate concentrations from silicate-based OAE increased diatom silicification. In contrast, the enhancement of alkalinity had no effect on community silicification and minimal effects on the silicification of different genera.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 2705–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called ocean alkalinization enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
Biogeosciences, 21, 2547–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2335–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
Biogeosciences, 21, 2143–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows that, under a high-emission scenario, oxygen concentration in deep water of parts of the North Sea and Celtic Sea can become critically low (hypoxia) towards the end of this century. The extent and frequency of hypoxia depends on the intensity of climate change projected by different climate models. This is the result of a complex combination of factors like warming, increase in stratification, changes in the currents and changes in biological processes.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences, 21, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation, as found in coastal upwelling off Chile. We have identified the crucial role of picoplankton (> 3 µm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (trimethylamine and methylphosphonic acid) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding CH4 emission estimates.
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Jessica L. Oberlander, Mackenzie E. Burke, Cat A. London, and Hugh L. MacIntyre
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-971, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-971, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
OAE is a promising negative emission technology that could restore the oceanic pH and carbonate system to a pre-industrial state. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to assess the potential impact of OAE on phytoplankton through an analysis of prior studies and the effects of simulated OAE on photosynthetic competence. Our findings suggest that there may be little if any significant impact on most phytoplankton studied to date if OAE is conducted in well-flushed, near-shore environments.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Kadir Bice, Tristen Myers, George Waldbusser, and Christof Meile
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-796, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-796, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of addition of carbonate minerals on coastal sediments, We carried out laboratory experiments to quantify the dissolution kinetics and integrated these observations into a numerical model that describes biogeochemical cycling in surficial sediments. Using the model, we demonstrate the buffering effect of the mineral additions and its duration. We quantify the effect under different environmental conditions and assess the potential for increased atmospheric CO2 uptake.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, George W. Luther, Emily R. Estes, Jennifer Necker, Bradley M. Tebo, Jianzhong Su, and Wei-Jun Cai
Biogeosciences, 20, 3053–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The intensity of the oceanic trap of CO2 released by anthropogenic activities depends on the alkalinity brought by continental weathering. Between ocean and continent, coastal water and estuaries can limit or favour the alkalinity transfer. This study investigate new interactions between dissolved metals and alkalinity in the oxygen-depleted zone of estuaries.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Moritz Baumann, Allanah Joy Paul, Jan Taucher, Lennart Thomas Bach, Silvan Goldenberg, Paul Stange, Fabrizio Minutolo, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 2595–2612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking velocity of marine particles affects how much atmospheric CO2 is stored inside our oceans. We measured particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system and assessed their physical and biochemical drivers. We found that sinking velocity was mainly influenced by particle size and porosity, while ballasting minerals played only a minor role. Our findings help us to better understand the particle sinking dynamics in this highly productive marine system.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Karl M. Attard, Anna Lyssenko, and Iván F. Rodil
Biogeosciences, 20, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic plants produce a large amount of organic matter through photosynthesis that, following erosion, is deposited on the seafloor. In this study, we show that plant detritus can trigger low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in shallow coastal waters, making conditions challenging for most marine animals. We propose that the occurrence of hypoxia may be underestimated because measurements typically do not consider the region closest to the seafloor, where detritus accumulates.
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Cited articles
Andreae, M. O.: Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the global biogeochemical
sulfur cycle, Mar. Chem., 30, 1–3, 1990.
Andreae, M. O. and Crutzen, P. J.: Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical
sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052–1058,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5315.1052, 1997.
Annane, S., St-Amand, L., Starr, M., Pelletier, E., and Ferreyra, G. A.:
Contribution of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) to estuarine
particulate organic carbon pool, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 529, 17–34,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11294, 2015.
Archer, S. D., Kimmance, S. A., Stephens, J. A., Hopkins, F. E., Bellerby, R.
G. J., Schulz, K. G., Piontek, J., and Engel, A.: Contrasting responses of
DMS and DMSP to ocean acidification in Arctic waters, Biogeosciences, 10,
1893–1908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1893-2013, 2013.
Avgoustidi, V., Nightingale, P. D., Joint, I., Steinke, M., Turner, S. M.,
Hopkins, F. E., and Liss, P. S.: Decreased marine dimethyl sulfide production
under elevated CO2 levels in mesocosm and in vitro studies,
Environ. Chem., 9, 399, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN11125, 2012.
Barnard, W. R., Andreae, M. O., Watkins, W. E., Bingemer, H., and Georgii, H.
W.: The flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans to the atmosphere, J.
Geophys. Res., 87, 8787–8793, 1982.
Bates, T. S., Lamb, B. K., Guenther, A., Dignon, J., and Stoiber, R. E.:
Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sources, J. Atmos. Chem., 14,
315–337, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00115242, 1992.
Bell, R. T.: Estimating production of heterotrophic bacterioplankton via
incorporation of tritiated thymidine, in: Handbook of methods in aquatic
microbial ecology, edited by: Kemp, P. F., Sherr, B. F., Sherr, E. B., and
Cole, J., Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, 495–503, 1993.
Belzile, C., Brugel, S., Nozais, C., Gratton, Y., and Demers, S.: Variations
of the abundance and nucleic acid content of heterotrophic bacteria in
Beaufort Shelf waters during winter and spring, J. Marine Syst., 74,
946–956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.010, 2008.
Bénard, R., Levasseur, M., Scarratt, M., Blais, M.-A., Mucci, A.,
Ferreyra, G., Starr, M., Gosselin, M., Tremblay, J.-É., and Lizotte, M.:
Experimental assessment of the sensitivity of an estuarine phytoplankton fall
bloom to acidification and warming, Biogeosciences, 15, 4883–4904,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018, 2018a.
Bénard, R., Levasseur, M., Scarratt, M., Blais, M.-A., Mucci, A.,
Ferreyra, G. A., Starr, M., Gosselin, M., Tremblay, J.-É., Lizotte, M.,
Michaud, S., and Yang, G.: Experimental assessment of the St. Lawrence
Estuary phytoplankton fall bloom sensitivity and DMS concentrations to
acidification and warming, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.886887, 2018b.
Boyd, P. W., Lennartz, S. T., Glover, D. M., and Doney, S. C.: Biological
ramifications of climate-change-mediated oceanic multi-stressors, Nat. Clim.
Change, 5, 71–79, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2441, 2015.
Boyd, P. W., Collins, S., Dupont, S., Fabricius, K., Gattuso, J.-P.,
Havenhand, J., Hutchins, D. A., Riebesell, U., Rintoul, M. S., Vichi, M.,
Biswas, H., Ciotti, A., Gao, K., Gehlen, M., Hurd, C. L., Kurihara, H.,
McGraw, C. M., Navarro, J. M., Nilsson, G. E., Passow, U., and Pörtner,
H.-O.: Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of
multiple drivers of global ocean change-A review, Glob. Change Biol., 24,
2239–2261, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14102, 2018.
Brimblecombe, P. and Shooter, D.: Photo-oxidation of dimethylsulphide in
aqueous solution, Mar. Chem., 19, 343–353, 1986.
Byrne, R. H.: Standardization of Standard Buffers by Visible Spectrometry,
Anal. Chem, 59, 1479–1481, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00137a025, 1987.
Cai, W. J. and Wang, Y.: The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide
in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 43, 657–668, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0657, 1998.
Caldeira, K. and Wickett, M. E.: Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes
from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean, J. Geophys. Res.,
110, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002671, 2005.
Cantin, G., Levasseur, M., Gosselin, M., and Michaud, S.: Role of zooplankton
in the mesoscale distribution of surface dimethylsulfide concentrations in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 141, 103–117, 1996.
Cantoni, G. L. and Anderson, D.: Enzymatic cleavage of dimethylpropiothetin
by Polysiphonia Lanosa, J. Biol. Chem., 222, 171–177, 1956.
Carslaw, K. S., Boucher, O., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Rae, J. G. L.,
Woodward, S., and Kulmala, M.: A review of natural aerosol interactions and
feedbacks within the Earth system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701–1737,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010.
Charlson, R., Lovelock, J., Andreae, M., and Warren, S.: Oceanic
phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate, Nature, 326,
656–661, 1987.
Clayton, T. D. and Byrne, R. H.: Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements:
total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and
at-sea results, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 40, 2115–2129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(93)90048-8, 1993.
Cyr, F., Bourgault, D., and Galbraith, P. S.: Interior versus boundary mixing
of a cold intermediate layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 116, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007359, 2011.
Dacey, J. W. H. and Wakeham, S. G.: Oceanic dimethylsulfide: production
during zooplankton grazing, Science, 233, 1314–1316, 1986.
Dickson, A. G.: Standard potential of the reaction:
AgCl(s) + 12H2(g) = Ag(s) + HCl(aq) and the standard
acidity constant of the ion
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., and Kleypas, J. A.: Ocean
acidification: The other CO2 problem, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1,
169–192, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834, 2009.
Engel, A., Delille, B., Jacquet, S., Riebesell, U., Rochelle-Newall, E.,
Terbrüggen, A., and Zondervan, I.: Transparent exopolymer particles and
dissolved organic carbon production by Emiliania huxleyi exposed to
different CO2 concentrations: A mesocosm experiment, Aquat. Microb.
Ecol., 34, 93–104, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame034093, 2004a.
Engel, A., Thoms, S., Riebesell, U., Rochelle-Newall, E., and Zondervan, I.:
Polysaccharide aggregation as a potential sink of marine dissolved organic
carbon, Nature, 428, 929–932, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02453, 2004b.
Engel, A., Piontek, J., Grossart, H.-P., Riebesell, U., Schulz, K. G., and
Sperling, M.: Impact of CO2 enrichment on organic matter dynamics
during nutrient induced coastal phytoplankton blooms, J. Plankton Res., 36,
641–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt125, 2014.
Feely, R. A., Doney, S. C., and Cooley, S. R.: Ocean Acidification: Present
Conditions and Future Changes in a High-CO2 World, Oceanography,
22, 36–47, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.95, 2009.
Fuhrman, J. A. and Azam, F.: Bacterioplankton secondary production estimates
for coastal waters of British Columbia, Antarctica, and California, Appl.
Environ. Microb., 39, 1085–1095, 1980.
Fuhrman, J. A. and Azam, F.: Thymidine incorporation as a measure of
heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters:
Evaluation and field results, Mar. Biol., 66, 109–120,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397184, 1982.
Gaaloul, H.: Effets du changement global sur les particules
exopolymériques transparentes au sein de l'estuaire maritime du
Saint-Laurent, MSc thesis, Université du Québec à Rimouski,
Canada, 133 pp., 2017.
Galbraith, P. S., Chassé, J., Gilbert, D., Larouche, P., Brickman, D.,
Pettigrew, B., Devine, L., Gosselin, A., Pettipas, R. G., and Lafleur, C.:
Physical Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2011, DFO
Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc., 2012/023, iii + 85 pp., Fisheries and
Oceans Canada, 2012.
Galbraith, P. S., Chassé, J., Caverhill, C., Nicot, P., Gilbert, D.,
Pettigrew, B., Lefaivre, D., Brickman, D., Devine, L., and Lafleur, C.:
Physical Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2015, DFO
Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc., 2016/056, v + 90 pp., Fisheries and
Oceans Canada, 2016.
Gattuso, J.-P., Magnan, A., Bille, R., Cheung, W. W. L., Howes, E. L., Joos,
F., Allemand, D., Bopp, L., Cooley, S. R., Eakin, C. M., Hoegh-Guldberg, O.,
Kelly, R. P., Portner, H.-O., Rogers, A. D., Baxter, J. M., Laffoley, D.,
Osborn, D., Rankovic, A., Rochette, J., Sumaila, U. R., Treyer, S., and
Turley, C.: Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different
anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios, Science, 349, aac4722,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4722, 2015.
Green, D. H., Shenoy, D. M., Hart, M. C., and Hatton, A. D.: Coupling of
dimethylsulfide oxidation to biomass production by a marine Flavobacterium,
Appl. Environ. Microb., 77, 3137–3140, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02675-10, 2011.
Grossart, H.-P., Allgaier, M., Passow, U., and Riebesell, U.: Testing the
effect of CO2 concentration on the dynamics of marine heterotrophic
bacterioplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.1.0001, 2006.
Gunderson, A. R., Armstrong, E. J., and Stillman, J. H.: Multiple Stressors
in a Changing World: The Need for an Improved Perspective on Physiological
Responses to the Dynamic Marine Environment, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8,
357–378, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033953, 2016.
Hansen, H. P. and Koroleff, F.: Determination of nutrients, in: Methods of
Seawater Analysis, 3rd Edn., edited by: Grasshoff K., Kremling, K., and
Ehrhardt, M., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 159–228,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527613984.ch10, 2007.
Hatton, A. D., Darroch, L., and Malin, G.: The role of dimethylsulphoxide in
the marine biogeochemical cycle of dimethylsulphide, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.,
42, 29–56, 2004.
Hopkins, F. E. and Archer, S. D.: Consistent increase in dimethyl sulfide
(DMS) in response to high CO2 in five shipboard bioassays from
contrasting NW European waters, Biogeosciences, 11, 4925–4940,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4925-2014, 2014.
Hopkins, F. E., Turner, S. M., Nightingale, P. D., Steinke, M., Bakker, D.,
and Liss, P. S.: Ocean acidification and marine trace gas emissions, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 760–765, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907163107, 2010.
Hussherr, R., Levasseur, M., Lizotte, M., Tremblay, J.-É., Mol, J.,
Thomas, H., Gosselin, M., Starr, M., Miller, L. A., Jarniková, T.,
Schuback, N., and Mucci, A.: Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic
phytoplankton blooms and dimethyl sulfide concentration under simulated
ice-free and under-ice conditions, Biogeosciences, 14, 2407–2427,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, 2017.
IPCC: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report Climate
Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Intergov. Panel Clim. Chang., 1535,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2013.
Iverson, R. L., Nearhoof, F. L., and Andreae, M. O.: Production of
dimethylsulfonium propionate and dimethylsulfide by phytoplankton in
estuarine and coastal waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 53–67,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.1.0053, 1989.
Karsten, U., Kück, K., Vogt, C., and Kirst, G. O.:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate production in phototrophic organisms and its
physiological functions as a cryoprotectant, in: Biological and environmental
chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds, edited by: Kiene, R. P.,
Visscher, P. T., Keller, M. D., and Kirst, G. O., Springer US, Boston, MA,
143–153, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0377-0, 1996.
Keller, M. D.: Dimethyl sulfide production and marine phytoplankton: the
importance of species composition and cell size, Biol. Oceanogr., 6,
375–382, https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749540, 1989.
Kettle, A. J., Andreae, M. O., Amouroux, D., Andreae, T. W., Bates, T. S.,
Berresheim, H., Bingemer, H., Boniforti, R., Curran, M. A. J., diTullio, G.
R., Helas, G., Jones, G. B., Keller, I. M. D., Kiene, R. P., Leck, C.,
Levasseur, M., Maspero, M., Matrai, P., McTaggart, A. R., Mihalopoulos, N.,
Nguyen, B. C., Novo, A., Putaud, J. P., Rapsomanikis, S., Roberts, G.,
Schebeske, G., Sharma, S., Simó, R., Staubes, R., Turner, S., and Uher,
G.: A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a
procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude,
and month, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13, 399–444, 1999.
Kettles, N. L., Kopriva, S., and Malin, G.: Insights into the regulation of
DMSP synthesis in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana through APR
activity, proteomics and gene expression analyses on cells acclimating to
changes in salinity, light and nitrogen, PLoS One, 9,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094795, 2014.
Kiene, R. P. and Linn, L. J.: Distribution and turnover of dissolved DMSP and
its relationship with bacterial production and dimethylsulfide in the Gulf of
Mexico, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 849–861, 2000.
Kiene, R. P. and Service, S. K.: Decomposition of dissolved DMSP and DMS in
estuarine waters: dependence on temperature and substrate concentration, Mar.
Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 76, 1–11, 1991.
Kiene, R. P., Linn, L. J., Gonzalez, J., Moran, M. A., and Bruton, J. A.:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and methanethiol are important precursors of
methionine and protein-sulfur in marine bacterioplankton, Appl. Environ.
Microb., 65, 4549–4558, 1999.
Kiene, R. P., Linn, L. J., and Bruton, J. A.: New and important roles for
DMSP in marine microbial communities, J. Sea. Res., 43, 209–224, 2000.
Kim, K. Y., Garbary, D. J., and Mclachlan, J. L.: Phytoplankton dynamics in
Pomquet Harbour, Nova Scotia: a lagoon in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence,
Phycologica, 43, 311–328, 2004.
Kim, J. M., Lee, K., Yang, E. J., Shin, K., Noh, J. H., Park, K. T., Hyun,
B., Jeong, H. J., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. Y., Kim, M., Kim, H. C., Jang, P. G.,
and Jang, M. C.: Enhanced production of oceanic dimethylsulfide resulting
from CO2-induced grazing activity in a high CO2 world,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8140–8143, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102028k, 2010.
Kirst, G. O., Thiel, C., Wolff, H., Nothnagel, J., Wanzek, M., and Ulmke, R.:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in ice-algae and its possible biological
role, Mar. Chem., 35, 381–388, 1991.
Kwint, R. L. and Kramer, K. J.: Dimethylsulphide production by plankton
communities, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 121, 227–238, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps121227,
1995.
Hill, R. W., White, B. A., Cottrell, M. T., and Dacey, J. W. H.:
Virus-mediated total release of dimethylsulfoniopropionate from marine
phytoplankton: a potential climate process, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 14, 1–6,
1998.
Lana, A., Bell, T. G., Simó, R., Vallina, S. M., Ballabrera-Poy, J.,
Kettle, A. J., Dachs, J., Bopp, L., Saltzman, E. S., Stefels, J., Johnson, J.
E., and Liss, P. S.: An updated climatology of surface dimethylsulfide
concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 25, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003850, 2011.
Laroche, D., Vézina, A. F., Levasseur, M., Gosselin, M., Stefels, J.,
Keller, M. D., Matrai, P. A., and Kwint, R. L. J.: DMSP synthesis and
exudation in phytoplankton: A modeling approach, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 180,
37–49, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps180037, 1999.
Lee, P. A., Saunders, P. A., De Mora, S. J., Deibel, D., and Levasseur, M.:
Influence of copepod grazing on concentrations of dissolved dimethylsulfoxide
and related sulfur compounds in the North Water, Northern Baffin Bay, Mar.
Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 255, 235–248, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps255235, 2003.
Lee, P. A., Rudisill, J. R., Neeley, A. R., Maucher, J. M., Hutchins, D. A.,
Feng, Y., Hare, C. E., Leblanc, K., Rose, J. M., Wilhelm, S. W., Rowe, J. M.,
and Giacomo, R.: Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature
on the North Atlantic spring bloom. III. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Mar.
Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 388, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08135, 2009.
Le Quéré, C., Andres, R. J., Boden, T., Conway, T., Houghton, R. A.,
House, J. I., Marland, G., Peters, G. P., van der Werf, G. R., Ahlström,
A., Andrew, R. M., Bopp, L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Doney, S. C.,
Enright, C., Friedlingstein, P., Huntingford, C., Jain, A. K., Jourdain, C.,
Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Levis, S., Levy, P., Lomas,
M., Poulter, B., Raupach, M. R., Schwinger, J., Sitch, S., Stocker, B. D.,
Viovy, N., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N.: The global carbon budget 1959–2011,
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 165–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-165-2013,
2013.
Levasseur, M., Michaud, S., Egge, J., Cantin, G., Nejstgaard, J. C., Sanders,
R., Fernandez, E., Solberg, P. T., Heimdal, B., and Gosselin, M.: Production
of DMSP and DMS during a mesocosm study of an Emiliania huxleyi
bloom: Influence of bacteria and Calanus finmarchicus grazing, Mar.
Biol., 126, 609–618, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351328, 1996.
Liss, P. S. and Lovelock, J. E.: Climate change: The effect of DMS emissions,
Environ. Chem., 4, 377–378, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN07072, 2007.
Lizotte, M., Levasseur, M., Michaud, S., Scarratt, M. G., Merzouk, A.,
Gosselin, M., Pommier, J., Rivkin, R. B., and Kiene, R. P.: Macroscale
patterns of the biological cycling of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and
dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the Northwest Atlantic, Biogeochemistry, 110,
183–200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9698-4, 2012.
Lizotte, M., Levasseur, M., Law, C. S., Walker, C. F., Safi, K. A., Marriner,
A., and Kiene, R. P.: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfide
(DMS) cycling across contrasting biological hotspots of the New Zealand
subtropical front, Ocean Sci., 13, 961–982,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, 2017.
Lovelock, J. E., Maggs, R. J., and Rasmusse, R. A.: Atmospheric dimethyl
sulfide and natural sulfur cycle, Nature, 237, 452–453, 1972.
Malin, G. and Kirst, G. O.: Algal production of dimethyl sulfide and its
atmospheric role, J. Phycol., 33, 889–896, 1997.
Malin, G., Wilson, W. H., Bratbak, G., Liss, P. S., and Mann, N. H.: Elevated
production of dimethylsulfide resulting from viral infection of cultures of
Phaeocystis pouchetii, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 1389–1393,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1389, 1998.
Malmstrom, R. R., Kiene, R. P., Cottrell, M. T., and Kirchman, D. L.:
Contribution of SAR11 bacteria to dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate and
amino acid uptake in the north Atlantic Ocean, Appl. Environ. Microb., 70,
4129–4135, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.7.4129-4135.2004, 2004a.
Malmstrom, R. R., Kiene, R. P., and Kirchman, D. L.: Identification and
enumeration of bacteria assimilating dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the
North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 597–606,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.2.0597, 2004b.
Malmstrom, R. R., Kiene, R. P., Vila, M., and Kirchman, D. L.:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) assimilation by Synechococcus in
the Gulf of Mexico and northwest Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50,
1924–1931, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.6.1924, 2005.
Marie, D., Simon, N., and Vaulot, D.: Phytoplankton cell counting by flow
cytometry, in: Algal Culturing Techniques, edited by: Anderssen, R. A.,
Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, USA, 253–267,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088426-1/50018-4, 2005.
Mucci, A., Levasseur, M., Gratton, Y., Martias, C., Scarratt, M., Gilbert,
D., Tremblay, J.-É., Ferreyra, G., and Lansard, B.: Tidally-induced
variations of pH at the head of the Laurentian Channel, Can. J. Fish. Aquat.
Sci., 75, 1128–1141, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0007, 2017.
Nguyen, B. C., Belviso, S., Mihalopoulos, N., Gostan, J., and Nival, P.:
Dimethyl sulfide production during natural phytoplankton blooms, Mar. Chem.,
24, 133–141, 1988.
Nightingale, P. D., Malin, G., Law, C. S., Watson, A. J., Liss, P. S.,
Liddicoat, M. I., Boutin, J., and Upstill-Goddard, R. C.: In situ evaluation
of air–sea gas exchange parameterizations using novel conservative and
volatile tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 373–387, 2000.
Niki, T., Kunugi, M., and Otsuki, A.: DMSP-lyase activity in five marine
phytoplankton species: Its potential importance in DMS production, Mar.
Biol., 136, 759–764, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002279900235, 2000.
Park, K. T., Lee, K., Shin, K., Yang, E. J., Hyun, B., Kim, J. M., Noh, J.
H., Kim, M., Kong, B., Choi, D. H., Choi, S. J., Jang, P. G., and Jeong, H.
J.: Direct linkage between dimethyl sulfide production and microzooplankton
grazing, resulting from prey composition change under high partial pressure
of carbon dioxide conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 4750–4756,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es403351h, 2014.
Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y., and Lalli, C. M.: A manual of chemical and
biological methods for seawater analysis, Permagon Press, New York, 1984.
Paul, C., Sommer, U., Garzke, J., Moustaka-Gouni, M., Paul, A., and
Matthiessen, B.: Effects of increased CO2 concentration on nutrient
limited coastal summer plankton depend on temperature, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61,
853–868, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10256, 2016.
Pierrot, D. E., Lewis, E., and Wallace, D. W. R.: MS Excel program developed
for CO2 system calculations, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center, ONRL/CDIAC-105a, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of
Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, 2006.
Pinhassi, J., Simó, R., González, J. M., Vila, M., Alonso-Sáez,
L., Kiene, R. P., Moran, M. A., and Pedrós-Alió, C.:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate turnover is linked to the composition and dynamics
of the bacterioplankton assemblage during a microcosm phytoplankton bloom,
Appl. Environ. Microb., 71, 7650–7660, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7650-7660.2005,
2005.
Quinn, P. K. and Bates, T. S.: The case against climate regulation via
oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions, Nature, 480, 51–6,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10580, 2011.
Quinn, P. K., Coffman, D. J., Johnson, J. E., Upchurch, L. M., and Bates, T.
S.: Small fraction of marine cloud condensation nuclei made up of sea spray
aerosol, Nat. Geosci., 10, 674–679, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3003, 2017.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available at:
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 25 February 2019), 2016.
Riebesell, U. and Gattuso, J. P.: Lessons learned from ocean acidification
research, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 12–14, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2456, 2015.
Robert-Baldo, G., Morris, M., and Byrne, R.: Spectrophotometric determination
of seawater pH using phenol red, Anal. Chem., 3, 2564–2567,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a030, 1985.
Roemmich, D., Church, J., Gilson, J., Monselesan, D., Sutton, P., and
Wijffels, S.: Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006,
Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 240–245, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2513, 2015.
Royer, S. J., Levasseur, M., Lizotte, M., Arychuk, M., Scarratt, M. G., Wong,
C. S., Lovejoy, C., Robert, M., Johnson, K., Peña, A., Michaud, S., and
Kiened, R. P.: Microbial dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) dynamics along a
natural iron gradient in the northeast subarctic Pacific, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
55, 1614–1626, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.4.1614, 2010.
Ruiz-González, C., Galí, M., Gasol, J. M., and Simó, R.:
Sunlight effects on the DMSP-sulfur and leucine assimilation activities of
polar heterotrophic bacterioplankton, Biogeochemistry, 110, 57–74,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9699-y, 2012.
Scarratt, M. G., Levasseur, M., Schultes, S., Michaud, S., Cantin, G.,
Vézina, A., Gosselin, M., and De Mora, S. J.: Production and consumption
of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in North Atlantic waters, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.,
204, 13–26, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps204013, 2000.
Schlüter, L., Lohbeck, K. T., Gröger, J. P., Riebesell, U., and
Reusch, T. B. H.: Long-term dynamics of adaptive evolution in a globally
important phytoplankton species to ocean acidification, Sci. Adv., 2,
e1501660, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501660, 2016.
Schwinger, J., Tjiputra, J., Goris, N., Six, K. D., Kirkevåg, A., Seland,
Ø., Heinze, C., and Ilyina, T.: Amplification of global warming through pH
dependence of DMS production simulated with a fully coupled Earth system
model, Biogeosciences, 14, 3633–3648,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3633-2017, 2017.
Simó, R.: Production of atmospheric sulfur by oceanic plankton:
Biogeochemical, ecological and evolutionary links, Trends Ecol. Evol., 16,
287–294, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02152-8, 2001.
Simó, R.: From cells to globe: approaching the dynamics of DMS(P) in the
ocean at multiple scales, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61, 673–684,
https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-030, 2004.
Simó, R. and Pedrós-Alió, C.: Role of vertical mixing in
controlling the oceanic production of dimethyl sulphide, Nature, 402,
396–399, https://doi.org/10.1038/46516, 1999.
Six, K. D., Kloster, S., Ilyina, T., Archer, S. D., Zhang, K., and
Maier-Reimer, E.: Global warming amplified by reduced sulphur fluxes as a
result of ocean acidification, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 975–978,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1981, 2013.
Spiese, C. E., Kieber, D. J., Nomura, C. T., and Kiene, R. P.: Reduction of
dimethylsulfoxide to dimethylsulfide by marine phytoplankton, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 54, 560–570, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.2.0560, 2009.
Starr, M., St-Amand, L., Devine, L., Bérard-Therriault, L., and
Galbraith, P. S.: State of phytoplankton in the Estuary and Gulf of St.
Lawrence during 2003, CSAS Res. Doc., 2004/123, 35, 2004.
Stefels, J.: Physiological aspects of the production and conversion of DMSP
in marine algae and higher plants, J. Sea Res., 43, 183–197,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(00)00030-7, 2000.
Stefels, J. and Van Boekel, W. H. M.: Production of DMS from dissolved DMSP
in axenic cultures of the marine phytoplankton species Phaeocystis
sp., Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 97, 11–18, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps097011, 1993.
Stefels, J., Steinke, M., Turner, S., Malin, G., and Belviso, S.:
Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically
active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling,
Biogeochemistry, 83, 245–275, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9091-5, 2007.
Steinke, M., Malin, G., Archer, S. D., Burkill, P. H., and Liss, P. S.: DMS
production in a coccolithophorid bloom: Evidence for the importance of
dinoflagellate DMSP lyases, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 26, 259–270,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame026259, 2002.
Stillman, J. H. and Paganini, A. W.: Biochemical adaptation to ocean
acidification, J. Exp. Biol., 218, 1946–1955, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.115584, 2015.
Sunda, W., Kieber, D. J., Kiene, R. P., and Huntsman, S.: An antioxidant
function for DMSP and DMS in marine algae, Nature, 418, 317–320, 2002.
Toole, D. A. and Siegel, D. A.: Light-driven cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS)
in the Sargasso Sea: closing the loop, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019581, 2004.
Toole, D. A., Slezak, D., Kiene, R. P., Kieber, D. J., and Siegel, D. A.:
Effects of solar radiation on dimethylsulfide cycling in the western Atlantic
Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 53, 136–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.09.003,
2006.
Toole, D. A., Siegel, D. A., and Doney, S. C.: A light-driven,
one-dimensional dimethylsulfide biogeochemical cycling model for the Sargasso
Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000426, 2008.
Vallina, S. M., Simó, R., Anderson, T. R., Gabric, A., Cropp, R., and
Pacheco, J. M.: A dynamic model of oceanic sulfur (DMOS) applied to the
Sargasso Sea: Simulating the dimethylsulfide (DMS) summer paradox, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, G01009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000415, 2008.
Vila, M., Simó, R., Kiene, R. P., Pinhassi, J., González, J. M.,
Moran, M. A., and Pedrós-Alió, C.: Use of microautoradiography
combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine
dimethylsulfoniopropionate incorporation by marine bacterioplankton taxa,
Appl. Environ. Microb., 70, 4648–4657, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.8.4648-4657.2004,
2004.
Vila-Costa, M., Simó, R., Harada, H., Gasol, J. M., Slezak, D., and
Kiene, R. P.: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Uptake by Marine Phytoplankton,
Science, 314, 652–654, 2006a.
Vila-Costa, M., Del Valle, D. A., González, J. M., Slezak, D., Kiene, R.
P., Sánchez, O., and Simó, R.: Phylogenetic identification and
metabolism of marine dimethylsulfide consuming bacteria, Environ. Microbiol.,
8, 2189–2200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01102.x, 2006b.
Vila-Costa, M., Pinhassi, J., Alonso, C., Pernthaler, J., and Simó, R.:
An annual cycle of dimethylsulfoniopropionate sulfur and leucine assimilating
bacterioplankton in the coastal NW Mediterranean, Environ. Microbiol., 9,
2451–2463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01363.x, 2007.
Vogt, M., Steinke, M., Turner, S., Paulino, A., Meyerhöfer, M.,
Riebesell, U., LeQuéré, C., and Liss, P.: Dynamics of
dimethylsulphoniopropionate and dimethylsulphide under different CO2
concentrations during a mesocosm experiment, Biogeosciences, 5, 407–419,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-407-2008, 2008.
Webb, A., Malin, G., Hopkins, F., Ho, K. L., Riebesell, U., Schulz, K.,
Larsen, A., and Liss, P.: Ocean acidification has different effects on the
production of DMS and DMSP measured in cultures of Emiliania huxleyi
and a mesocosm study: a comparison of laboratory monocultures and community
interactions, Environ. Chem., 13, 314–329, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14268, 2015.
Webb, A. L., Leedham-Elvidge, E., Hughes, C., Hopkins, F. E., Malin, G.,
Bach, L. T., Schulz, K., Crawfurd, K., Brussaard, C. P. D., Stuhr, A.,
Riebesell, U., and Liss, P. S.: Effect of ocean acidification and elevated
fCO2 on trace gas production by a Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community,
Biogeosciences, 13, 4595–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4595-2016,
2016.
Wolfe, G. V. and Steinke, M.: Grazing-activated production of dimethyl
sulfide (DMS) by two clones of Emiliania huxleyi, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
41, 1151–1160, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.6.1151, 1996.
Woodhouse, M. T., Mann, G. W., Carslaw, K. S., and Boucher, O.: Sensitivity
of cloud condensation nuclei to regional changes in dimethyl-sulphide
emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2723–2733,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2723-2013, 2013.
Yoch, D. C.: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: Its sources, role in the marine food
web, and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide, Appl. Environ. Microb.,
68, 5804–5815, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.5804-5815.2002, 2002.
Short summary
We present rare data on the combined effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide (DMS) during a mesocosm experiment. Our results show a reduction of DMS under elevated pCO2, but warming the mesocosms by 5 °C translated into a positive offset in concentrations of DMS over the whole range of pCO2 tested. Our results suggest that warming could mitigate the expected reduction in DMS production due to OA, even increasing the net DMS production, with possible repercussions for the climate.
We present rare data on the combined effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint