Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1269-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1269-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses
| 
18 Feb 2021
Reviews and syntheses |
| 18 Feb 2021
| 18 Feb 2021
Reviews and syntheses: The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the modern ocean
Paul J. Tréguer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LEMAR, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Dynamics (SOED), Ministry of Natural Resource, Hangzhou 310012, China
Jill N. Sutton
Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LEMAR, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
Mark Brzezinski
Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Matthew A. Charette
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Timothy Devries
Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Stephanie Dutkiewicz
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (DEAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Claudia Ehlert
Research Group for Marine Isotope Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
Jon Hawkings
National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
Interface Geochemistry, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
Aude Leynaert
Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LEMAR, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
Su Mei Liu
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology MOEy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
Natalia Llopis Monferrer
Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LEMAR, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
María López-Acosta
Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Rúa de Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Pontevedra, Spain
Department of Marine Ecology. Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Acceso Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain
Manuel Maldonado
Department of Marine Ecology. Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Acceso Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain
Shaily Rahman
School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Lihua Ran
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China
Olivier Rouxel
IFREMER, Centre de Brest, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Related authors
Manon Tonnard, Hélène Planquette, Andrew R. Bowie, Pier van der Merwe, Morgane Gallinari, Floriane Desprez de Gésincourt, Yoan Germain, Arthur Gourain, Marion Benetti, Gilles Reverdin, Paul Tréguer, Julia Boutorh, Marie Cheize, François Lacan, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, Leonardo Pereira-Contreira, Rachel Shelley, Pascale Lherminier, and Géraldine Sarthou
Biogeosciences, 17, 917–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-917-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-917-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the spatial distribution of dissolved Fe during spring 2014, in order to understand the processes influencing the biogeochemical cycle in the North Atlantic. Our results highlighted elevated Fe close to riverine inputs at the Iberian Margin and glacial inputs at the Newfoundland and Greenland margins. Atmospheric deposition appeared to be a minor source of Fe. Convection was an important source of Fe in the Irminger Sea, which was depleted in Fe relative to nitrate.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Géraldine Sarthou, Pascale Lherminier, Eric P. Achterberg, Fernando Alonso-Pérez, Eva Bucciarelli, Julia Boutorh, Vincent Bouvier, Edward A. Boyle, Pierre Branellec, Lidia I. Carracedo, Nuria Casacuberta, Maxi Castrillejo, Marie Cheize, Leonardo Contreira Pereira, Daniel Cossa, Nathalie Daniault, Emmanuel De Saint-Léger, Frank Dehairs, Feifei Deng, Floriane Desprez de Gésincourt, Jérémy Devesa, Lorna Foliot, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Morgane Gallinari, Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, Arthur Gourain, Emilie Grossteffan, Michel Hamon, Lars Eric Heimbürger, Gideon M. Henderson, Catherine Jeandel, Catherine Kermabon, François Lacan, Philippe Le Bot, Manon Le Goff, Emilie Le Roy, Alison Lefèbvre, Stéphane Leizour, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Pere Masqué, Olivier Ménage, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, Herlé Mercier, Fabien Perault, Fiz F. Pérez, Hélène F. Planquette, Frédéric Planchon, Arnout Roukaerts, Virginie Sanial, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Catherine Schmechtig, Rachel U. Shelley, Gillian Stewart, Jill N. Sutton, Yi Tang, Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde, Manon Tonnard, Paul Tréguer, Pieter van Beek, Cheryl M. Zurbrick, and Patricia Zunino
Biogeosciences, 15, 7097–7109, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The GEOVIDE cruise (GEOTRACES Section GA01) was conducted in the North Atlantic Ocean and Labrador Sea in May–June 2014. In this special issue, results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among 17 articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives, and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, Fiz F. Pérez, Pascale Lherminier, Patricia Zunino, Herlé Mercier, and Paul Tréguer
Biogeosciences, 15, 2075–2090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2075-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2075-2018, 2018
Blanca Alvarez Caraveo, Maxence Guillermic, Alan Downey-Wall, Louise P. Cameron, Jill N. Sutton, John A. Higgins, Justin B. Ries, Katie Lotterhos, and Robert A. Eagle
Biogeosciences, 22, 2831–2851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2831-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2831-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the geochemistry of two bivalves: Crassostrea virginica and Arctica islandica. We examined the effects of three ocean acidification conditions (ambient, moderate, and high) on the geochemistry of C. virginica. We show that bivalves have high physiological control over the internal calcifying fluid, presenting a challenge in using elemental proxies for reconstructing seawater parameters.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Raphaël Savelli, Dustin Carroll, Dimitris Menemenlis, Jonathan Lauderdale, Clément Bertin, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Manfredi Manizza, Anthony Bloom, Karel Castro-Morales, Charles E. Miller, Marc Simard, Kevin W. Bowman, and Hong Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1707, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1707, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Accounting for carbon and nutrients in rivers is essential for resolving carbon dioxide (CO2) exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. In this study, we add the effect of present-day rivers to a pioneering global-ocean biogeochemistry model. This study highlights the challenge for global ocean numerical models to cover the complexity of the flow of water and carbon across the Land-to-Ocean Aquatic Continuum.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Igor V. Polyakov, Andrey V. Pnyushkov, Eddy C. Carmack, Matthew Charette, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Steven Dykstra, Jari Haapala, Jinyoung Jung, Lauren Kipp, and Eun Jin Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2316, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2316, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Siberian Arctic Ocean greatly influences the Arctic climate system. Moreover, the region is experiencing some of the most notable Arctic climate change. In the summer, strong near-inertial currents in the upper (<30m) ocean account for more than half of the current speed and shear. In the winter, upper ocean ventilation due to atlantification distributes wind energy to far deeper (>100m) layers. Understanding the implications for mixing and halocline weakening depends on these findings.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Shujin Guo, Mingliang Zhu, Wenlong Xu, Shan Zheng, Sumei Liu, Ying Wu, Juan Du, Chenhao Zhao, and Xiaoxia Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2034, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2034, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how tiny particles in the ocean help move carbon from surface waters to the deep sea along the South China Sea slope. Using underwater cameras, we found that large particles, although fewer in number, carry most of the carbon downward. Ocean eddies strongly influenced this process. Our research helps explain how the ocean naturally stores carbon and why this process varies across regions and depths.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Li-Qing Jiang, Amanda Fay, Jens Daniel Müller, Lydia Keppler, Dustin Carroll, Siv K. Lauvset, Tim DeVries, Judith Hauck, Christian Rödenbeck, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Metzl, Andrea J. Fassbender, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Peter Landschützer, Rik Wanninkhof, Christopher Sabine, Simone R. Alin, Mario Hoppema, Are Olsen, Matthew P. Humphreys, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicole Besemer, Henry C. Bittig, Albert E. Boyd, Daniel Broullón, Wei-Jun Cai, Brendan R. Carter, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Frédéric Cyr, John E. Dore, Ian Enochs, Richard A. Feely, Hernan E. Garcia, Marion Gehlen, Lucas Gloege, Melchor González-Dávila, Nicolas Gruber, Yosuke Iida, Masao Ishii, Esther Kennedy, Alex Kozyr, Nico Lange, Claire Lo Monaco, Derek P. Manzello, Galen A. McKinley, Natalie M. Monacci, Xose A. Padin, Ana M. Palacio-Castro, Fiz F. Pérez, Alizée Roobaert, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Jonathan Sharp, Adrienne Sutton, Jim Swift, Toste Tanhua, Maciej Telszewski, Jens Terhaar, Ruben van Hooidonk, Anton Velo, Andrew J. Watson, Angelicque E. White, Zelun Wu, Hyelim Yoo, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This review article provides an overview of 60 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products, encompassing a broad range of types, including compilations of cruise datasets, gap-filled observational products, model simulations, and more. It is designed to help researchers identify and access the data products that best support their scientific objectives, thereby facilitating progress in understanding the ocean's changing carbonate chemistry.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Clement Bertin, Vincent Le Fouest, Dustin Carroll, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Dimitris Menemenlis, Atsushi Matsuoka, Manfredi Manizza, and Charles E. Miller
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-973, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-973, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We adjusted a model of the Mackenzie River region to account for the riverine export of organic matter that affects light in the water. We show that such export causes a delay in the phytoplankton growth by two weeks and raises the water surface temperature by 1.7 °C. We found that temperature increase turns this coastal region from a sink of carbon dioxide to an emitter. Our findings suggest that rising exports of organic matter can significantly affect the carbon cycle in Arctic coastal areas.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Vincent Mouchi, Christophe Pecheyran, Fanny Claverie, Cécile Cathalot, Marjolaine Matabos, Yoan Germain, Olivier Rouxel, Didier Jollivet, Thomas Broquet, and Thierry Comtet
Biogeosciences, 21, 145–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of deep-sea mining will depend critically on the ability of larval dispersal of hydrothermal mollusks to connect and replenish natural populations. However, assessing connectivity is extremely challenging, especially in the deep sea. Here, we investigate the potential of using the chemical composition of larval shells to discriminate larval origins between multiple hydrothermal sites in the southwest Pacific. Our results confirm that this method can be applied with high accuracy.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Bror F. Jönsson, Christopher L. Follett, Jacob Bien, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Sangwon Hyun, Gemma Kulk, Gael L. Forget, Christian Müller, Marie-Fanny Racault, Christopher N. Hill, Thomas Jackson, and Shubha Sathyendranath
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4639–4657, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4639-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4639-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
While biogeochemical models and satellite-derived ocean color data provide unprecedented information, it is problematic to compare them. Here, we present a new approach based on comparing probability density distributions of model and satellite properties to assess model skills. We also introduce Earth mover's distances as a novel and powerful metric to quantify the misfit between models and observations. We find that how 3D chlorophyll fields are aggregated can be a significant source of error.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Valentin Siebert, Brivaëla Moriceau, Lukas Fröhlich, Bernd R. Schöne, Erwan Amice, Beatriz Beker, Kevin Bihannic, Isabelle Bihannic, Gaspard Delebecq, Jérémy Devesa, Morgane Gallinari, Yoan Germain, Émilie Grossteffan, Klaus Peter Jochum, Thierry Le Bec, Manon Le Goff, Céline Liorzou, Aude Leynaert, Claudie Marec, Marc Picheral, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Marie-Laure Rouget, Matthieu Waeles, and Julien Thébault
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3263–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3263-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3263-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents an overview of the results of biological, chemical and physical parameters measured at high temporal resolution (sampling once and twice per week) during environmental monitoring that took place in 2021 in the Bay of Brest. We strongly believe that this dataset could be very useful for other scientists performing sclerochronological investigations, studying biogeochemical cycles or conducting various ecological research projects.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Flavienne Bruyant, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Lise Artigue, Lucas Barbedo de Freitas, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Pascaline Bourgain, Annick Bricaud, Etienne Brouard, Camille Brunet, Tonya Burgers, Danielle Caleb, Katrine Chalut, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Marine Cusa, Fanny Cusset, Laeticia Dadaglio, Marty Davelaar, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Dany Dumont, Brent Else, Igor Eulaers, Joannie Ferland, Gabrielle Filteau, Marie-Hélène Forget, Jérome Fort, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Morgane Gallinari, Svend-Erik Garbus, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Colline Gombault, Priscilla Gourvil, Clémence Goyens, Cindy Grant, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Sandrine Hillion, Rachel Hussherr, Fabien Joux, Hannah Joy-Warren, Gabriel Joyal, David Kieber, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Patrick Lajeunesse, Catherine Lalande, Jade Larivière, Florence Le Gall, Karine Leblanc, Mathieu Leblanc, Justine Legras, Keith Lévesque, Kate-M. Lewis, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Thomas Linkowski, Martine Lizotte, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Guillaume Massé, Philippe Massicotte, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa A. Miller, Sharif Mirshak, Nathalie Morata, Brivaela Moriceau, Philippe-Israël Morin, Simon Morisset, Anders Mosbech, Alfonso Mucci, Gabrielle Nadaï, Christian Nozais, Ingrid Obernosterer, Thimoté Paire, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Marie Parenteau, Noémie Pelletier, Marc Picheral, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Llúcia Ribot Lacosta, Jean-François Rontani, Blanche Saint-Béat, Julie Sansoulet, Noé Sardet, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Sciandra, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Jordan Toullec, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Annie-Pier Trottier, Daniel Vaulot, Anda Vladoiu, Lei Xue, Gustavo Yunda-Guarin, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607–4642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a dataset acquired during a research cruise held in Baffin Bay in 2016. We observed that the disappearance of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean increases both the length and spatial extent of the phytoplankton growth season. In the future, this will impact the food webs on which the local populations depend for their food supply and fisheries. This dataset will provide insight into quantifying these impacts and help the decision-making process for policymakers.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Christian Rödenbeck, Tim DeVries, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, and Ralph F. Keeling
Biogeosciences, 19, 2627–2652, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2627-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2627-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is an important part of the global carbon cycle, taking up about a quarter of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted by burning of fossil fuels and thus slowing down climate change. However, the CO2 uptake by the ocean is, in turn, affected by variability and trends in climate. Here we use carbon measurements in the surface ocean to quantify the response of the oceanic CO2 exchange to environmental conditions and discuss possible mechanisms underlying this response.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Andrea J. Pain, Jonathan B. Martin, Ellen E. Martin, Åsa K. Rennermalm, and Shaily Rahman
The Cryosphere, 15, 1627–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane and carbon dioxide can be produced or consumed by geochemical processes under the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Chemical signatures and concentrations of GHGs in GrIS discharge show that organic matter remineralization produces GHGs in some locations, but mineral weathering dominates and consumes CO2 in other locations. Local processes will therefore determine whether melting of the GrIS is a positive or negative feedback on climate change driven by GHG forcing.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chuan Qin, Guiling Zhang, Wenjing Zheng, Yu Han, and Sumei Liu
Ocean Sci., 17, 249–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-249-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-249-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an underway measurement of dissolved O2 / Ar using membrane inlet mass spectrometry and estimated net community production (NCP) in the South China Sea (SCS) in both summer and autumn. We found that nutrient content, especially nitrogen, is the dominant factor affecting primary production in the SCS. In the summer, we observed a rapid response of the ecosystem to episodic nutrient supply induced by eddies. This is the first report on NCP estimation based on O2 / Ar data in the SCS.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chantal Mears, Helmuth Thomas, Paul B. Henderson, Matthew A. Charette, Hugh MacIntyre, Frank Dehairs, Christophe Monnin, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 4937–4959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Major research initiatives have been undertaken within the Arctic Ocean, highlighting this area's global importance and vulnerability to climate change. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program addressed this importance by devoting intense research activities to the Arctic Ocean. Among various tracers, we used radium and carbonate system data to elucidate the functioning and vulnerability of the hydrographic regime of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, bridging the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sonja Geilert, Patricia Grasse, Kristin Doering, Klaus Wallmann, Claudia Ehlert, Florian Scholz, Martin Frank, Mark Schmidt, and Christian Hensen
Biogeosciences, 17, 1745–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Marine silicate weathering is a key process of the marine silica cycle; however, its controlling processes are not well understood. In the Guaymas Basin, silicate weathering has been studied under markedly differing ambient conditions. Environmental settings like redox conditions or terrigenous input of reactive silicates appear to be major factors controlling marine silicate weathering. These factors need to be taken into account in future oceanic mass balances of Si and in modeling studies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Manon Tonnard, Hélène Planquette, Andrew R. Bowie, Pier van der Merwe, Morgane Gallinari, Floriane Desprez de Gésincourt, Yoan Germain, Arthur Gourain, Marion Benetti, Gilles Reverdin, Paul Tréguer, Julia Boutorh, Marie Cheize, François Lacan, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, Leonardo Pereira-Contreira, Rachel Shelley, Pascale Lherminier, and Géraldine Sarthou
Biogeosciences, 17, 917–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-917-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-917-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the spatial distribution of dissolved Fe during spring 2014, in order to understand the processes influencing the biogeochemical cycle in the North Atlantic. Our results highlighted elevated Fe close to riverine inputs at the Iberian Margin and glacial inputs at the Newfoundland and Greenland margins. Atmospheric deposition appeared to be a minor source of Fe. Convection was an important source of Fe in the Irminger Sea, which was depleted in Fe relative to nitrate.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Pedro Cermeno, Oliver Jahn, Michael J. Follows, Anna E. Hickman, Darcy A. A. Taniguchi, and Ben A. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 609–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-609-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-609-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton are an essential component of the marine food web and earth's carbon cycle. We use observations, ecological theory and a unique trait-based ecosystem model to explain controls on patterns of marine phytoplankton biodiversity. We find that different dimensions of diversity (size classes, biogeochemical functional groups, thermal norms) are controlled by a disparate combination of mechanisms. This may explain why previous studies of phytoplankton diversity had conflicting results.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Philippe Massicotte, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Mathieu Ardyna, Laurent Arnaud, Lise Artigue, Cyril Aubry, Pierre Ayotte, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Henry C. Bittig, Annick Bricaud, Éric Brossier, Flavienne Bruyant, Laurent Chauvaud, Debra Christiansen-Stowe, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Christine Cox, Aurelie Delaforge, Thibaud Dezutter, Céline Dimier, Florent Domine, Francis Dufour, Christiane Dufresne, Dany Dumont, Jens Ehn, Brent Else, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Virginie Galindo, Morgane Gallinari, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Margaux Gourdal, Priscilla Gourvil, Clemence Goyens, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Caroline Guilmette, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Fabien Joux, Léo Lacour, Thomas Lacour, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Catherine Lalande, Julien Laliberté, Simon Lambert-Girard, Jade Larivière, Johann Lavaud, Anita LeBaron, Karine Leblanc, Florence Le Gall, Justine Legras, Mélanie Lemire, Maurice Levasseur, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Antonio Lourenço, David Mah, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Nicolas Martin, Constance Marty, Sabine Marty, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa Matthes, Brivaela Moriceau, Pierre-Emmanuel Muller, Christopher-John Mundy, Griet Neukermans, Laurent Oziel, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Jean-Jacques Pangrazi, Ghislain Picard, Marc Picheral, France Pinczon du Sel, Nicole Pogorzelec, Ian Probert, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Erin Reimer, Jean-François Rontani, Søren Rysgaard, Blanche Saint-Béat, Makoto Sampei, Julie Sansoulet, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Yuan Shen, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Daniel Vaulot, Gauthier Verin, Frédéric Vivier, Anda Vladoiu, Jeremy Whitehead, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 151–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-151-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-151-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Green Edge initiative was developed to understand the processes controlling the primary productivity and the fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic spring bloom (PSB). In this article, we present an overview of an extensive and comprehensive dataset acquired during two expeditions conducted in 2015 and 2016 on landfast ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Svetlana N. Losa, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Martin Losch, Julia Oelker, Mariana A. Soppa, Scarlett Trimborn, Hongyan Xi, and Astrid Bracher
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-289, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-289, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights recent advances and challenges of applying coupled physical-biogeochemical modeling for investigating the distribution of the key phytoplankton groups in the Southern Ocean. By leveraging satellite and in situ observations we define numerical ecological model requirements in the phytoplankton trait specification and level of physiological and morphological differentiation for capturing and explaining the observed biogeography of diatoms, coccolithophores and Phaeocystis.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Patrick A. Rafter, Aaron Bagnell, Dario Marconi, and Timothy DeVries
Biogeosciences, 16, 2617–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The N isotopic composition of nitrate (
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
nitrate δ15N) is a useful tracer of ocean N cycling and many other ocean processes. Here, we use a global compilation of marine nitrate δ15N as an input, training, and validating dataset for an artificial neural network (a.k.a.,
machine learning) and examine basin-scale trends in marine nitrate δ15N from the surface to the seafloor.
Kristin Doering, Claudia Ehlert, Philippe Martinez, Martin Frank, and Ralph Schneider
Biogeosciences, 16, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, 2019
Ke Zhang, Lijun Han, Sumei Liu, and Lingyan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-985, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We did high time-resolution nutrient dissolution experiments used aerosols collected on atmospheric mass transport path over the East Asian to West Pacific at Qianliyan island. We obtained the rapid dissolution of inorganic N species and slow dissolution of inorganic P and Si, depicted nutrient dissolution curves by math Equations and explained dissolution patterns by linkages with aerosol inorganic components and their dissolution properties.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Géraldine Sarthou, Pascale Lherminier, Eric P. Achterberg, Fernando Alonso-Pérez, Eva Bucciarelli, Julia Boutorh, Vincent Bouvier, Edward A. Boyle, Pierre Branellec, Lidia I. Carracedo, Nuria Casacuberta, Maxi Castrillejo, Marie Cheize, Leonardo Contreira Pereira, Daniel Cossa, Nathalie Daniault, Emmanuel De Saint-Léger, Frank Dehairs, Feifei Deng, Floriane Desprez de Gésincourt, Jérémy Devesa, Lorna Foliot, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Morgane Gallinari, Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, Arthur Gourain, Emilie Grossteffan, Michel Hamon, Lars Eric Heimbürger, Gideon M. Henderson, Catherine Jeandel, Catherine Kermabon, François Lacan, Philippe Le Bot, Manon Le Goff, Emilie Le Roy, Alison Lefèbvre, Stéphane Leizour, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Pere Masqué, Olivier Ménage, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, Herlé Mercier, Fabien Perault, Fiz F. Pérez, Hélène F. Planquette, Frédéric Planchon, Arnout Roukaerts, Virginie Sanial, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Catherine Schmechtig, Rachel U. Shelley, Gillian Stewart, Jill N. Sutton, Yi Tang, Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde, Manon Tonnard, Paul Tréguer, Pieter van Beek, Cheryl M. Zurbrick, and Patricia Zunino
Biogeosciences, 15, 7097–7109, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The GEOVIDE cruise (GEOTRACES Section GA01) was conducted in the North Atlantic Ocean and Labrador Sea in May–June 2014. In this special issue, results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among 17 articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives, and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jill N. Sutton, Gregory F. de Souza, Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, and Christina L. De La Rocha
Biogeosciences, 15, 5663–5676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5663-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5663-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The silicon stable isotope distribution determined from samples collected from the North Atlantic Ocean indicates that water mass subduction and circulation are the dominant processes controlling the distribution of dissolved silicon in this region. In addition, these data provide a clear view of the direct interaction between northern and southern water masses and the extent to which the silicon isotope composition of these silica-poor waters is influenced by hydrography.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Emilie Le Roy, Virginie Sanial, Matthew A. Charette, Pieter van Beek, François Lacan, Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, Paul B. Henderson, Marc Souhaut, Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, Catherine Jeandel, Fiz F. Pérez, and Géraldine Sarthou
Biogeosciences, 15, 3027–3048, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3027-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3027-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report detailed sections of radium-226 (226Ra, T1/2 = 1602 y) activities and barium (Ba) concentrations determined in the North Atlantic (Portugal–Greenland–Canada) in the framework of the international GEOTRACES program (GA01 section–GEOVIDE project, May–July 2014). Dissolved 226Ra and Ba are strongly correlated along the section, which may reflect their similar chemical behavior.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, Fiz F. Pérez, Pascale Lherminier, Patricia Zunino, Herlé Mercier, and Paul Tréguer
Biogeosciences, 15, 2075–2090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2075-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2075-2018, 2018
Jill N. Sutton, Yi-Wei Liu, Justin B. Ries, Maxence Guillermic, Emmanuel Ponzevera, and Robert A. Eagle
Biogeosciences, 15, 1447–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1447-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1447-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The boron isotope composition of marine biogenic carbonates has been studied as a proxy for monitoring past changes in seawater pH and carbonate chemistry. We highlight the potential utility of the boron isotope composition of marine biogenic carbonates as a proxy of calcifying site pH for a wide range of calcifying taxa and the importance of using species-specific seawater-pH–boron isotope calibrations when reconstructing seawater pH from the boron isotope composition of biogenic carbonates.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Anna E. Hickman, and Oliver Jahn
Biogeosciences, 15, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-613-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-613-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a demonstration that a biogeochemical/ecosystem/optical computer model which explicitly captures how light is radiated at the surface of the ocean and can be used as a laboratory to explore products (such as Chl a) that are derived from satellite measurements of ocean colour. It explores uncertainties that arise from data input used to derive the algorithms for the products, and issues arising from the interplay between optically important constituents in the ocean.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
K. R. Hendry, G. E. A. Swann, M. J. Leng, H. J. Sloane, C. Goodwin, J. Berman, and M. Maldonado
Biogeosciences, 12, 3489–3498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The stable isotope composition of benthic sponge silica skeletons (spicules) has been shown to be a source of useful palaeoceanographic information about past deep seawater chemistry. Here, we investigate the biological vital effects on silica stable isotope composition in a Southern Ocean carnivorous sponge, Asbestopluma sp. We find significant variations in isotopic composition within the specimen – in both silicon and oxygen isotopes – that appear to be related to unusual spicule growth.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
C. Ehlert, P. Grasse, D. Gutiérrez, R. Salvatteci, and M. Frank
Clim. Past, 11, 187–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-187-2015, 2015
R. H. Li, S. M. Liu, Y. W. Li, G. L. Zhang, J. L. Ren, and J. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 11, 481–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-481-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-481-2014, 2014
J. N. Sutton, S. C. Johannessen, and R. W. Macdonald
Biogeosciences, 10, 7179–7194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013, 2013
G. D. Song, S. M. Liu, H. Marchant, M. M. M. Kuypers, and G. Lavik
Biogeosciences, 10, 6851–6864, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6851-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6851-2013, 2013
M. A. Charette, C. F. Breier, P. B. Henderson, S. M. Pike, I. I. Rypina, S. R. Jayne, and K. O. Buesseler
Biogeosciences, 10, 2159–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2159-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2159-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
A time series analysis of transparent exopolymer particle distributions and C : N stoichiometry in the subtropical North Pacific: a key process in net community production and preformed nitrate anomalies?
Marine snow morphology drives sinking and attenuation in the ocean interior
An upper-mesopelagic-zone carbon budget for the subarctic North Pacific
Ocean alkalinity enhancement in an open-ocean ecosystem: biogeochemical responses and carbon storage durability
Relationships between the concentration of particulate organic nitrogen and the inherent optical properties of seawater in oceanic surface waters
Inadequacies in the representation of sub-seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Earth system models
Nitrogen dynamics and nitrate stable isotopes indicate nitrogen loss in the Bay of Bengal
A tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement
Composite model-based estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022
Phytoplankton community structure in relation to iron and macronutrient fluxes from subsurface waters in the western North Pacific during summer
Intense and localized export of selected marine snow types at eddy edges in the South Atlantic Ocean
Spatial distributions of iron and manganese in surface waters of the Arctic's Laptev and East Siberian seas
Climate-driven shifts in Southern Ocean primary producers and biogeochemistry in CMIP6 models
Oceanic enrichment of ammonium and its impacts on phytoplankton community composition under a high-emissions scenario
Ocean acidification trends and carbonate system dynamics across the North Atlantic subpolar gyre water masses during 2009–2019
Pelagic coccolithophore production and dissolution and their impacts on particulate inorganic carbon cycling in the western North Pacific
From small scale variability to mesoscale stability in surface ocean pH: implications for air-sea CO2 equilibration
Sedimentary organic matter signature hints at the phytoplankton-driven biological carbon pump in the central Arabian Sea
Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial patterns on the climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry
Assessing the tropical Atlantic biogeochemical processes in the Norwegian Earth System Model
Evolution of oxygen and stratification and their relationship in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth system models
Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance in simulating historical biogeochemistry across the southern South China Sea
Drivers of decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink in the past, present, and future in Earth system models
Anthropogenic carbon storage and its decadal changes in the Atlantic between 1990–2020
Ocean alkalinity enhancement impacts: regrowth of marine microalgae in alkaline mineral concentrations simulating the initial concentrations after ship-based dispersions
Climatic controls on metabolic constraints in the ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
Kieran Curran, Tracy A. Villareal, and Robert T. Letscher
Biogeosciences, 22, 3515–3531, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3515-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3515-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides a 2-year record of marine organic gel concentrations from an open-ocean site in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii. These microscopic gels are investigated to understand their importance as an understudied component of organic matter cycling by marine microbes. We find an important role of gel cycling during the summer months, helping explain previously contradictory estimates of nutrient supply and demand for the subtropical ocean.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yawouvi Dodji Soviadan, Miriam Beck, Joelle Habib, Alberto Baudena, Laetitia Drago, Alexandre Accardo, Remi Laxenaire, Sabrina Speich, Peter Brandt, Rainer Kiko, and Stemmann Lars
Biogeosciences, 22, 3485–3501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3485-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3485-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Key parameters representing the gravity flux in global models are sinking speed and vertical attenuation of exported material. We calculate, for the first time, these parameters in situ in the ocean for six intermittent blooms followed by export events using high-resolution (3 d) time series of 0–1000 m depth profiles from imaging sensors mounted on an Argo float. We show that sinking speed depends not only on size but also on the morphology of the particles, with density being an important property.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Brandon M. Stephens, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Amy E. Maas, Vinícius J. Amaral, Samantha Clevenger, Shawnee Traylor, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Philip W. Boyd, Ken O. Buesseler, Craig A. Carlson, Nicolas Cassar, Margaret Estapa, Andrea J. Fassbender, Yibin Huang, Phoebe J. Lam, Olivier Marchal, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Nicola L. Paul, Alyson E. Santoro, David A. Siegel, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 22, 3301–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3301-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3301-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean’s mesopelagic zone (MZ) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. This study combines new and previously published measurements of organic carbon supply and demand collected in August 2018 in the MZ of the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. Supply was insufficient to meet demand in August, but supply entering into the MZ in the spring of 2018 could have met the August demand. Results suggest observations over seasonal timescales may help to close MZ carbon budgets.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Allanah Joy Paul, Mathias Haunost, Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Jens Hartmann, Nicolás Sánchez, Julieta Schneider, Niels Suitner, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 22, 2749–2766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2749-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2749-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is being assessed for its potential to absorb atmospheric CO2 and store it for a long time. OAE still needs comprehensive assessment of its safety and effectiveness. We studied an idealised OAE application in a natural low-nutrient ecosystem over 1 month. Our results showed that biogeochemical functioning remained mostly stable but that the long-term capability for storing carbon may be limited at high alkalinity concentration.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alain Fumenia, Hubert Loisel, Rick A. Reynolds, and Dariusz Stramski
Biogeosciences, 22, 2461–2484, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2461-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2461-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate organic nitrogen (PON) plays a central role in ocean biogeochemistry, yet limited in situ data hinder a full understanding of PON variability and associated processes. Measurements of optical properties offer an alternative for assessing PON across diverse marine environments. Our analysis reveals strong relationships between PON and optical properties, supporting a promising means to assess PON from optical measurements performed in situ or conducted from remote-sensing platforms.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi, Olivier Aumont, Lester Kwiatkowski, and Marina Levy
Biogeosciences, 22, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed how well climate models replicate sub-seasonal changes in ocean chlorophyll observed by satellites. Models struggle to capture these variations accurately. Some overestimate fluctuations and their impact on annual chlorophyll variability, while others underestimate them. The underestimation is likely due to limited model resolution, while the overestimation may come from internal model oscillations.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Gesa Schulz, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Jan Penopp, Hermann W. Bange, Rena Czeschel, and Birgit Gaye
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1660, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are low-oxygen ocean areas that deplete nitrogen, a key marine nutrient. Understanding nitrogen cycling in OMZs is crucial for the global nitrogen cycle. This study examined nitrogen cycling in the OMZ of the Bay of Bengal and East Equatorial Indian Ocean, revealing limited mixing between both regions. Surface phytoplankton consumes nitrate, while deeper nitrification recycles nitrogen. In the BoB’s OMZ (100–300 m), nitrogen loss likely occurs via anammox.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Adam V. Subhas, Jennie E. Rheuban, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Daniel C. McCorkle, Anna P. M. Michel, Lukas Marx, Chloe L. Dean, Kate Morkeski, Matthew G. Hayden, Mary Burkitt-Gray, Francis Elder, Yiming Guo, Heather H. Kim, and Ke Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1348, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1348, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a carbon removal approach in which alkaline materials are added to the marine environment, increasing the ocean's ability to store carbon dioxide. We conducted an open-water experiment releasing and tracking a fluorescent water tracer. Under the right conditions, in-water monitoring of OAE does appear to be possible. We conclude with a series of practical recommendations for open-water OAE monitoring.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 22, 1631–1649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1631-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1631-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a major natural carbon sink. Despite its importance, estimates of the ocean carbon sink remain uncertain. Here, I present a hybrid model estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022. By combining ocean models in hindcast mode and Earth system models, I keep the strength of each approach and remove the respective weaknesses. This composite model estimate is similar in magnitude to the best estimate of the Global Carbon Budget but 70 % less uncertain.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Huailin Deng, Koji Suzuki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Jun Nishioka
Biogeosciences, 22, 1495–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) and nitrate are vital for primary production in the North Pacific. Sedimentary Fe is carried by North Pacific Intermediate Water to the North Pacific, but the nutrient return path and its effect on phytoplankton are unclear. By combining Fe and macronutrient fluxes with phytoplankton composition, this study firstly revealed that Fe supply from the subsurface greatly controls diatom abundance and identified the nutrient return path in the subarctic gyre and Kuroshio–Oyashio transition area.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alexandre Accardo, Rémi Laxenaire, Alberto Baudena, Sabrina Speich, Rainer Kiko, and Lars Stemmann
Biogeosciences, 22, 1183–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The open ocean helps mitigate climate change by storing CO2 via the biological carbon pump (BCP), which involves processes like organic carbon production at the surface and transferring it to the deep ocean via various pathways. By deploying an autonomous platform, we found significant marine snow accumulation from the surface to the mesopelagic zone in frontal regions between eddies. We suggest that the coupling of hydrodynamics at eddy edges and biological activity may enhance this process.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Naoya Kanna, Kazutaka Tateyama, Takuji Waseda, Anna Timofeeva, Maria Papadimitraki, Laura Whitmore, Hajime Obata, Daiki Nomura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Youhei Yamashita, and Igor Polyakov
Biogeosciences, 22, 1057–1076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents data on iron and manganese, essential micronutrients for primary producers in the Arctic Laptev and East Siberian seas (LESS). There, observations were made through international cooperation with the Nansen and Amundsen Basin Observational System expedition during the late summer of 2021. The results from this study indicate that the major sources controlling the iron and manganese distributions on the LESS continental margins are river discharge and shelf sediment input.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ben J. Fisher, Alex J. Poulton, Michael P. Meredith, Kimberlee Baldry, Oscar Schofield, and Sian F. Henley
Biogeosciences, 22, 975–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-975-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-975-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean is a rapidly warming environment, with subsequent impacts on ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. This study examines changes in phytoplankton and biogeochemistry using a range of climate models. Under climate change, the Southern Ocean will be warmer, more acidic and more productive and will have reduced nutrient availability by 2100. However, there is substantial variability between models across key productivity parameters. We propose ways of reducing this uncertainty.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Pearse J. Buchanan, Juan J. Pierella Karlusich, Robyn E. Tuerena, Roxana Shafiee, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Chris Bowler, and Alessandro Tagliabue
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3639, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium is a form of nitrogen that may become more important for growth of marine primary producers (i.e., phytoplankton) in the future. Because some phytoplankton taxa have a greater affinity for ammonium than others, the relative increase in ammonium could cause shifts in community composition. We quantify ammonium enrichment, identify its drivers, and isolate the possible effect on phytoplankton community composition under a high emissions scenario.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
David Curbelo-Hernández, Fiz F. Pérez, Melchor González-Dávila, Sergey V. Gladyshev, Aridane G. González, David González-Santana, Antón Velo, Alexey Sokov, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 5561–5589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5561-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5561-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluated CO2–carbonate system dynamics in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre during 2009–2019. Significant ocean acidification, largely due to rising anthropogenic CO2 levels, was found. Cooling, freshening, and enhanced convective processes intensified this trend, affecting calcite and aragonite saturation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ocean acidification and improve our knowledge about its impact on marine ecosystems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yuye Han, Zvi Steiner, Zhimian Cao, Di Fan, Junhui Chen, Jimin Yu, and Minhan Dai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3492, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3492, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophore calcite accounts for a major fraction of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) standing stocks in the western North Pacific, with a markedly higher contribution in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre than in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region, which highlights the importance of coccolithophores for PIC production in the pelagic ocean. We also found extensive dissolution of coccolithophore calcite in the oversaturated shallow waters primarily driven by microbial metabolic activity.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Louise Delaigue, Gert-Jan Reichart, Chris Galley, Yasmina Ourradi, and Matthew Paul Humphreys
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2853, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2853, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study analyzed pH in ocean surface waters to understand how they fluctuate with changes in temperature, salinity, and biological activities. We found that temperature mainly controls daily pH variations, but biological processes also play a role, especially in affecting CO2 levels between the ocean and atmosphere. Our research shows how these factors together maintain the balance of ocean chemistry, which is crucial for predicting changes in marine environments.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Medhavi Pandey, Haimanti Biswas, Daniel Birgel, Nicole Burdanowitz, and Birgit Gaye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4681–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed sea surface temperature (SST) proxy and plankton biomarkers in sediments that accumulate sinking material signatures from surface waters in the central Arabian Sea (21°–11° N, 64° E), a tropical basin impacted by monsoons. We saw a north–south SST gradient, and the biological proxies showed more organic matter from larger algae in the north. Smaller algae and zooplankton were more numerous in the south. These trends were related to ocean–atmospheric processes and oxygen availability.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Allison Hogikyan and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 21, 4621–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising atmospheric CO2 influences ocean carbon chemistry, leading to ocean acidification. Global warming introduces spatial patterns in the intensity of ocean acidification. We show that the most prominent spatial patterns are controlled by warming-driven changes in rainfall and evaporation, not by the direct effect of warming on carbon chemistry and pH. These evaporation and rainfall patterns oppose acidification in saltier parts of the ocean and enhance acidification in fresher regions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Shunya Koseki, Lander R. Crespo, Jerry Tjiputra, Filippa Fransner, Noel S. Keenlyside, and David Rivas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4149–4168, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how the physical biases of an Earth system model influence the marine biogeochemical processes in the tropical Atlantic. With four different configurations of the model, we have shown that the versions with better SST reproduction tend to better represent the primary production and air–sea CO2 flux in terms of climatology, seasonal cycle, and response to climate variability.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences, 21, 3985–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and analyzed its predictability, a strong O2–IPV connection, and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This opens new routes for monitoring ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Winfred Marshal, Jing Xiang Chung, Nur Hidayah Roseli, Roswati Md Amin, and Mohd Fadzil Bin Mohd Akhir
Biogeosciences, 21, 4007–4035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study stands out for thoroughly examining CMIP6 ESMs' ability to simulate biogeochemical variables in the southern South China Sea, an economically important region. It assesses variables like chlorophyll, phytoplankton, nitrate, and oxygen on annual and seasonal scales. While global assessments exist, this study addresses a gap by objectively ranking 13 CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry models' performance at a regional level, focusing on replicating specific observed biogeochemical variables.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 21, 3903–3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the ocean’s importance in the carbon cycle and hence the climate, observing the ocean carbon sink remains challenging. Here, I use an ensemble of 12 models to understand drivers of decadal trends of the past, present, and future ocean carbon sink. I show that 80 % of the decadal trends in the multi-model mean ocean carbon sink can be explained by changes in decadal trends in atmospheric CO2. The remaining 20 % are due to internal climate variability and ocean heat uptake.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Reiner Steinfeldt, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke
Biogeosciences, 21, 3839–3867, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the amount of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Atlantic for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Cant is the carbon that is taken up by the ocean as a result of humanmade CO2 emissions. To determine the amount of Cant, we apply a technique that is based on the observations of other humanmade gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons). Regionally, changes in ocean ventilation have an impact on the storage of Cant. Overall, the increase in Cant is driven by the rising CO2 in the atmosphere.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, August E. Dessen Tobiesen, Andrew L. King, and Erik Höglund
Biogeosciences, 21, 3677–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the ocean might reduce excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amounts because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating the expected concentrations from a ship's dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
Biogeosciences, 21, 3477–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that capture the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen and a CESM1 large ensemble to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitats in the future. We find that warming and dissolved oxygen loss over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitats and will increase organisms' vulnerability to extremes.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Charly A. Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart T. Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai G. Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3463–3475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain sizes dissolved faster but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain sizes are optimal for kinetics.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
Biogeosciences, 21, 3121–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification are sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and in size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cited articles
Aller, R. C.: Sedimentary diagenesis, depositional environments, and benthic fluxes, in: Treatise on Geochemistry: Second edition, edited by: Holland, H. D. and Turekian, K. K., Elsevier, Oxford, 8, 293–334, 2014.
Aller, R. C., Blair, N. E., and Brunskill, G. J.: Early diagenetic cycling, incineration, and burial of sedimentary organic carbon in the central Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea), J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 113, 1–22, 2008.
Aller, R. C., Blair, N. E., Xia, Q., and Rude, P. D.: Remineralization rates, recycling, and storage of carbon in Amazon shelf sediments, Cont. Shelf Res., 16, 753–786, 1996.
Anschutz, P., Smith, T., Mouret, A., Deborde, J., Bujan, S., Poirier, D., and Lecroart, P.: Tidal sands as biogeochemical reactors, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 84, 84–90, 2009.
Arsouze, T., Dutay, J.-C., Lacan, F., and Jeandel, C.: Reconstructing the Nd oceanic cycle using a coupled dynamical – biogeochemical model, Biogeosciences, 6, 2829–2846, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2829-2009, 2009.
Aumont, O., Maier-Reimer, E., Blain, S., and Monfray, P.: An ecosystem model of the global ocean including Fe, Si, P co-limitations, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17, 1060, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001745, 2003.
Aumont, O., Ethé, C., Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., and Gehlen, M.: PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2465–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015, 2015.
Baines, S. B., Twining, B. S., Brzezinski, M. A., Krause, J. W., Vogt, S., Assael, D., and McDaniel, H.: Significant silicon accumulation by marine picocyanobacteria, Nat. Geosci., 5, 886–891, 2012.
Baronas, J. J., Hammond, D. E., McManus, J., Wheat, C. G., and Siebert, C. A.: Global Ge isotope budget, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 203, 265–83, 2017.
Beck, A. J., Charette, M. A., Cochran, J. K., Gonneea, M. E., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B.: Dissolved strontium in the subterranean estuary – Implications for the marine strontium isotope budget, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 117, 33–52, 2013.
Behrenfeld, M. J. and Falkowski, P. G.: Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1–20, 1997.
Bernard, C. Y., Laruelle, G. G., Slomp, C. P., and Heinze, C.: Impact of changes in river fluxes of silica on the global marine silicon cycle: a model comparison, Biogeosciences, 7, 441–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-441-2010, 2010.
Bernard, C. Y., Dürr, H. H., Heinze, C., Segschneider, J., and Maier-Reimer, E.: Contribution of riverine nutrients to the silicon biogeochemistry of the global ocean – a model study, Biogeosciences, 8, 551–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-551-2011, 2011.
Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., and Garrels, R. M.: The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 millions years, Am. J. Sci., 283, 641–683, 1983.
Bevington, P. R. and Robinson, D. K.: Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, third ed., McGrawHill, NewYork, 2003.
Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Cadule, P., Alvain, S., and Gehlen, G.: Response of diatoms distribution to global warming and potential implications: A global model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19606, 2005.
Bopp, L., Resplandy, L., Orr, J. C., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Halloran, P., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Séférian, R., Tjiputra, J., and Vichi, M.: Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models, Biogeosciences, 10, 6225–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013, 2013.
Boyd, P. W., Cornwall, C. E., Davison, A., Doney, S. C., Fourquez, M., Hurd, C. L., Lima, I. D., McMinn, A.: Biological responses to environmental heterogeneity under future ocean conditions, Glob. Change Biol., 22, 2633–2650, 2016.
Brzezinski, M. A.: The
Brzezinski, M. A. and Nelson, D. M.: Chronic substrate limitation of silicic acid uptake rates in the western Sargasso Sea, Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 43, 437–453, 1996.
Brzezinski, M. A. and Phillips, D. R.: Evaluation of 32Si as a tracer for measuring silica production rates in marine waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 856–865, 1997.
Brzezinski, M. A., Villareal, T. A., and Lipschultz, F.: Silica production and the contribution of diatoms to new and primary production in the central North Pacific, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 167, 89–104, 1998.
Brzezinski, M. A., Baines, S. B., Balch, W. M., Beucher, C. P., Chai, F., Dugdale, R. C., Krause, J. W., Landry, M. R., Marchi, A., Measures, C. I., Nelson, D. M., Parker, A. E., Poulton, A. J., Selph, K. E., Strutton, P. G., Taylor, A. G., and Twining, B. S.: Twining, Co-limitation of diatoms by iron and silicic acid in the equatorial Pacific, Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 58, 493–511, 2011.
Brzezinski, M. A., Krause, J. W., Baines, S. B., Collier, J. L., Ohnemus, D. C., and Twining, B. S.: Patterns and regulation of silicon accumulation in Synechococcus spp., J. Phycol., 53, 746–761, 2017.
Carr, M., Friedrichs, A. M., Schmeltz, M., Aita, M. N, Antoine, A., Arrigo, K. R., Asanuma, I, Aumont, O, Barber, R., Behrenfeld, M., Bidigare, R., Buitenhuis, E. T., Campbell, J., Ciotti, A., Dierssen, H., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Esaias, W., Gentili, B., Gregg, W., Groom S., Hoepffner, N., Ishizakas, J., Kameda, T., Le Quéré, C., Lohren, S., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Moore, K., Morel, A., Reddy, T. E., Ryan, J., Scardi, M., Smyth, T., Turpie, K., Tilstone, G., Waters, K., and Tamanaka, Y.: A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color, Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 53, 741–770, 2006.
Cassarino, L., Hendry, K. R., Henley, S. F., MacDonald, E., Arndt, S., Freitas, F. S., Pike, J., and Firing, Y. L.: Sedimentary nutrient supply in productive hot spots off the West Antarctic Peninsula revealed by silicon isotopes. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34, 1–17, e2019GB006486, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006486, 2020.
Charette M. A., Kipp, L. E., Jensen, L. T., Dabrowski, J. S., Whitmore, L. M., Fitzsimmons, J. N., Williford, T., Ulfsbo, A., Jones, E., and Bundy, R. : The Transpolar Drift as a Source of Riverine and Shelf-Derived Trace Elements to the Central Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125, e2019JC015920, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015920, 2020.
Chase, Z., Kohfeld, K. E., and Matsumoto, K.: Controls on biogenic silica burial in the Southern Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 29, 1599–1616, 2015.
Cho, H.-M., Kim, G., Kwon, E. Y., Moosdorf, N., Garcia-Orellana, J., and Santos, I. R.: Radium tracing nutrient inputs through submarine groundwater discharge in the global ocean, Sci. Rep., 8, 2439, 2018.
Chong, L. S., Berelson, W., Hammond, D. E., Fleisher, M. Q., Anderson, R. F., Rollins, N. E., and Lund, S.: Biogenic sedimentation and geochemical properties of deep-sea sediments of the Demerara slope/abyssal Plain: Influence of the Amazon River Plume, Mar. Geol., 379, 124–139, 2016.
Chou, C. and Neelin, J. D.: Mechanisms of global warming impacts on regional tropical precipitations, J. Clim., 17, 2688–2701, 2004.
Chou, C., Neelin, J. D., Chen, C.-A., and Tu, J.-Y.: Evaluating the “rich-get-richer” mechanism in tropical precipitation change under global warming, J. Clim., 22, 1982–2005, 2008.
Chu, J. W. F., Maldonado, M., Yahel, G., and Leys, S. P.: Glass sponge reefs as a silicon sink, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Series, 441, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09381, 2011.
Conley, D. J.: An interlaboratory comparison for the measurement of biogenic silica in sediments , Mar. Chem., 63, 39–48, 1998.
Conley, D. J., Schelske, C. L., and Stoermer, E. F.: Modification of the biogeochemical of silica with eutrophication, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 101, 179–192, 1993.
Conley, D. J, Likens, G. E., Buso, D. C., Saccone, L., Bailey, S. W., and Johnson, C. E.: Deforestation causes increased dissolved silicate losses in the Hubboard Brook Experimental Forest, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 2458–2554, 2008.
Conley, D. J., Frings, P. J., Fontorbe, G., Clymans, W., Stadmark, J., Hendry, K. R., Marron, A. O., and De La Rocha, C. L.: Biosilicification drives a decline of dissolved Si in the oceans through geologic time, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 397, 2017.
De Souza, G. F., Slater, R. D., Dunne, J. P., and Sarmiento, J. L.: Deconvolving the controls on the deep ocean's silicon stable isotope distribution, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 398, 66–76, 2014.
DeMaster, D. J.: The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 1715–1732, 1981.
DeMaster, D. J.: The accumulation and cycling of biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean: revisiting the marine silica budget, Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 49, 3155–3167, 2002.
Derry, L. A., Kurtz, A. C., Ziegler, K., and Chadwick, O. A.: Biological control of terrestrial silica cycling and export fluxes to watershed, Nature, 433, 728–731, 2005.
Dunne, J. P., Sarmiento, J. L., and Gnanadesikan, A.: A synthesis of global particle export from the surface ocean and cycling through the ocean interior and on the seafloor, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB4006, 2007.
Duprat, L. P. A. M., Bigg, G. R., and Winton, D. J.: Enhanced Southern Ocean marine productivity due to fertilization by giant icebergs, Nat. Geosci., 9, 219–221, 2016.
Dürr, H. H., Meybeck, M., Hartmann, J., Laruelle, G. G., and Roubeix, V.: Global spatial distribution of natural riverine silica inputs to the coastal zone, Biogeosciences, 8, 597–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-597-2011, 2011.
Dutkiewicz, S., Hickman, A. E., Jahn, O., Gregg, W. W., Mouw, C. B., and Follows, M. J.: Capturing optically important constituents and properties in a marine biogeochemical and ecosystem model, Biogeosciences, 12, 4447–4481, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4447-2015, 2015.
Dutkiewicz, S., Hickman, E., Jahn, O., Henson, S., Beaulieu, B. and Monier, E.: Ocean colour signature of climate change, Nat. Commun., 10, 019, 2019.
Edmond, J. M., Measures, C., Mangum, B., Grant, B., F. R. Sclater, F. R., Collier, R, Hudson, A., Gordon, L. I., and Corliss, J. B.: On the formation of metal-rich deposits at ridge crests, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 46, 19–30, 1979.
Ehlert, C., Doeringa, K. Wallmanna, K., Scholza, F., Sommera, S., Grasse, P., Geilert, S., and Frank, M.: Stable silicon isotope signatures of marine pore waters – Biogenic opal dissolution versus authigenic clay mineral formation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 191, 102–117, 2016a.
Ehlert, C., Reckhardt, A., Greskowiak, J., Liguori, B. T. P., Böning, P., Paffratha, R., Brumsack, H.-J., and Pahnkea, K.: Transformation of silicon in a sandy beach ecosystem: insights from stable silicon isotopes from fresh and saline groundwaters, Chem. Geol., 440, 207–218, 2016b.
Elderfield, H. and Schultz, A.: Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes and the chemical composition of the ocean, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 24, 191–224, 1996.
Escoube, R., Rouxel, O., Edwards, K., Glazer, B., and Donard, O.: Coupled Ge/Si and Ge isotope ratios as geochemical tracers of seafloor hydrothermal systems: case studies at Loihi Seamount and East Pacific Rise 9∘50' N. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 167, 93–112, 2015.
Fabre, S., Jeandel, C., Zambardi, T., Roustan, M., and Almar, R.: An overlooked silica source of the modern oceans: are sandy beaches the key?, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 231, 2019.
Fillinger, L., Janussen, D., Lundälv, T., and Richter, C.: Rapid glass sponge expansion after climate-induced Antarctic ice shelf collapse, Curr. Biol., 23, 1330–1334, 2013.
Finney, B. P., Lyle, M. W., and Heath, G. R.: Sedimentation at MANOP Site H (eastern equatorial Pacific) over the past 400 000 years: Climatically induced redox variations and their effects on transition metal cycling, Paleoceanography, 3, 169–189, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA003i002p00169, 1988.
Franck, V. M., Brzezinski, M. A., Coale, K. H., and Nelson, D. M.: Iron and silicic acid concentrations regulate Si uptake north and south of the Polar Frontal Zone in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean, Deep. Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 47, 3315–3338, 2000.
Frings, P.: Revisiting the dissolution of biogenic Si in marine sediments: a key term in the ocean Si budget, Acta Geochim, 36, 429–432, 2017.
Frings, P. J., Clymans, W., Fontorbe, G., De La Rocha, C. L., and Conley, D. J.: The continental Si cycle and its impact on the ocean Si isotope budget, Chem. Geol., 425, 12–36, 2016.
Galy, V. C., France-Lanord, C., Beysac, O., Faure, P., Kudrass, H., and Pahol, F.: Efficient organic carbon burial in the Bengal fan sustained by the Himalayan erosional system, Nature, 450, 407–410, 2007.
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., and Reagan, J. R., and Johnson, D. R.: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate), in: World Ocean Atlas 2013, edited by Levitus, Mishonov A., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 76, 25 pp., 2014.
Garcia, H. E., Weathers, K. W., Paver, C. R., Smolyar, I., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, M. M., Zweng, M. M., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Seidov, D., Reagan, J. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2018, Vol. 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate), A. Mishonov Technical Editor, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 84, 35 pp., 2019.
Geibert, W., Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M., Usbeck, R., Gersonde, R., Kuhn, G., and Seeberg-Elverfeldt, J.: Quantifying the opal belt in the Atlantic and southeast Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean by means of 230Th normalization, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB4001, 2005.
Geilert, S., Grasse, P., Wallmann, K., Liebetrau, V., and Menzies, C. D.: Serpentine alteration as source of high dissolved silicon and elevated δ30Si values to the marine Si cycle, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18804-y, 2020.
Georg, R. B., West, A. J., Basu, A. R., and Halliday, A. N.: Silicon fluxes and isotope composition of direct groundwater discharge into the Bay of Bengal and the effect on the global ocean silicon isotope budget, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 67–74, 2009.
Gnanadesikan, A. and Toggweiler, J. R.: Constraints placed by silicon cycling on vertical exchange in general circulation models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1865–1868, 1999.
Graly, J. A., Humphrey, N. F., Landowski, C. M., and Tarper, J. T.: Chemical weathering under the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geology, 42, 551–554, 2014.
Hatton, J. E., Hendry, K. R., Hawkings, J. R., Wadham, J. L., Kohler, T. J., Stibal, M., Beaton, A. D., Bagshaw, E. A., and Telling, J.: Investigation of subglacial weathering under the Greenland Ice Sheet using silicon isotopes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 247, 191–206, 2019.
Hatton, J. E., Hendry, K. R., Hirst, C., Opfergelt, S., Henkel, S., Silva-Busso, A., Welch, S. A., Wadham, J. L., Lyons, W. B., Bagsaw, E., Staubwasser, M., and McKgnight, D.: Silicon Isotopic Composition of Dry and Wet-Based Glaciers in Antarctica, Frontiers Earth Sci., 8, 11, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00286, 2020.
Hawkings, J. R., Wadham, J. L., Benning, L. G., Hendry, K. R., Tranter, M., Tedstone, A., Nienow, P., and Raiswell, R.: Ice sheets as a missing source of silica to the polar oceans, Nat. Commun., 8, 14198, 2017.
Hawkings, J. R., Hatton, J. E., Hendry, K. R., de Souza, G. F., Wadham, J. L., Ivanovic, R., Kohler, T. J., Stibal, M., Beaton, A., Lamarche-Gagnon, G., Tedstone, A., Hain, M. P., Bagshaw, E., Pike, J., and Tranter, M.: The silicon cycle impacted by past ice sheets, Nat. Commun., 9, 3210, 2018.
Hawkings, J. R., Skidmore, M. L., Wadham, J. L., Priscu, J. C., Morton, P. L., Hatton, J. E., Gardner, C. B., Kohler, T. J., Stibal, M., Bagshaw, E. A., Steigmeyer, A., Barker, J., Dore, J. E., Lyons, W. B., Tranter, M., and Spencer, R. G. M.: Enhanced trace element mobilization by the Earth's ice sheets, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 31648–31659, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014378117, 2020.
Hayes, C. T., Costa, K., Calvo, E., Chase, Z., Demina, L. L., Dutay, J.-C., German, C. R., Heimbürger-Boavida, L.-E., Jaccard, S. L., Jacobel, A. W., Kohfeld, K. E., Kravchishina, M. D., Lippold, J., Mekik, F., Missiaen, L., Pavia, F. J., Paytan, A., Pedrosa-Pamies, R., Petrova, M. V., Rahman, S., Robinson, L. F., Roy-Barman, M., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Shiller, A., Tagliabue, A., Tessin, A. C., van Hulten, M., Zhang, J.-W.: Global Ocean Seafloor Sediment Geochemistry Data during the past 12,000 years, NOAA Paleoclimatology Data Center, available at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/30512, last access: 21 July 2020.
Hayes, C. T., Costa, K. M., Anderson, R. F., Calvo, E., Chase Z., Demina L. L., Dutay, J.-C., German, C. R., Heimbürger-Boavida, L.-E., Jaccard, S. L., Jacob, A., Kohfeld, K. E., Kravchishina, M. D., Lippold, J., Mekik, F., Missiaen, L., Pavia, F. J., Paytan, A., Pamies, Pedrosa-Pamies, R., Petrova, M. V., Rahman, S., Robinson L. F., Roy-Barman, M., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Shiller, A., Tagliabue, A., Tessin, A. C., van Hulten, M., and Zhang J.: Global ocean sediment composition and burial flux in the deep sea, Global Ocean Sediment Composition and Burial Flux in the Deep Sea, Earth and Space Science Ocean Archive, 41 pp., https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10506119.1, 2021.
Heinze, C., Hupe, A., Maier-Reimer, E., Dittert, N., and Ragueneau, O.: Sensitivity of the marine biospheric Si cycle for biogeochemical parameter variations, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17, 1086, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001943, 2003.
Hendry, K. R., Huvenne, V. A.I, Robinson, L. F., Annett, A., Badger, M., Jacobel, A.W, Ng, H. C., Opher, J., Pickering, R. A., Taylor, M. L., Bates, S. L., Cooper, Z., Cusham, G. G., Goodwin, C., Hoy, S., Rowland, G., Samperiz, A., Williams, J. A., and Woodward, M. S.: The biogeochemical impact of glacial meltwater from Southwest Greenland, Prog. Oceanogr., 76, 102126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102126, 2019.
Henley, S. F., Schofield, O. M., Hendry, K. R., Schloss, I. R., Steinberg, D.K, Moffath, C., Peck, L. S., Costa, D. P., Bakker, D. C. E., Hughes, C., Rozema, P. D., Ducklow, H. W., Abele, D., Stefels, J., Van Leeuwe, M. A., Brussaard, C. P. D., Buma, A. G. J., Kohu, J., Sahade, R., Friedlaender, A. S., Stammerjohn, S. E., Venables, H. J., and Meredith, M. P.: Variability and change in the west Antarctic Peninsula marine system: Research priorities and opportunities, Progr. Oceanogr., 173, 208–237, 2019.
Henson, S. A., Sarmiento, J. L., Dunne, J. P., Bopp, L., Lima, I., Doney, S. C., John, J., and Beaulieu, C.: Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity, Biogeosciences, 7, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-621-2010, 2010.
Herraiz-Borreguero, L., Lannuzel, D., van der Merwe, P., Treverrow, A., and Pedro, J. B.: Large flux of iron from the Amery Ice Shelf marine ice to Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 6009–6020, 2016.
Hinder, S. L., Hays, G. C., Edwards, M., Roberts, E. C., Walne, A. W., and Gravenor, M. B.: Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 271–275, 2012.
Hirst, C., Opfergelt, S., Gaspard, F., Hendry, K. R., Hatton, J. E., Welch, S., McKnight, D. M., and Lyons, W. B.: Silicon Isotopes Reveal a Non-glacial Source of Silicon to Crescent Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00229, 2020.
Holzer, M., Primeau, F. W., DeVries, T., and Matear, R.: The Southern Ocean silicon trap: Data-constrained estimates of regenerated silicic acid, trapping efficiencies, and global transport paths, J. Geophys. Res. Ocean, 119, 313–33, 2014.
Hou Y., Hammond, D. E., Berelson, W. M., Kemnitz, N., Adkins, J. F., and Lunstrum, A.: Spatial patterns of benthic silica flux in the North Pacific reflect upper ocean production, Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap., 148, 25–33, 2019.
Humborg C., Pastuszak, M., Aigars, J., H. Siegmund, H., Mörth, C.-M., and Ittekkot, V.: Decreased silica land-sea fluxes trough damming in the Baltic Sea catchment – significance of particle trapping and hydrological alteration, Biogeochemistry, 77, 265–281, 2006.
Hutchins, D. A. and Boyd, P. W.: Marine phytoplankton and the changing ocean iron cycle, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 1072–1076, 2016.
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers of IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C approved by government, available at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/2018/10/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/, 2018.
Ittekkot, V, Humborg C, and Schäfer P.: Hydrological alternations and marine biogeochemistry: a silicate issue?, Bioscience, 50, 776–82, 2000.
Ittekot, V.,Unger, D., Humborg, C., and Tac An, N. T. (Eds): The Silicon Cycle: Human Perturbations and Impacts on Aquatic Systems, Comm. Probl. Environ. (SCOPE) Ser. Vol. 66, Island Press, Washington, DC, 296 pp, 2006.
Jeandel, C.: Overview of the mechanisms that could explain the `Boundary Exchange' at the land–ocean contact, Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A, 374, 20150287, 2016.
Jeandel, C. and Oelkers, E. H.: The influence of terrigeneous particulate material dissolution on ocean chemistry and global elements cycles, Chem. Geol., 395, 50–56, 2015.
Jeandel, C., Peucker-Ehrenbrink B., Jones, M. T., Pearce, C. R., Oelkers, E. H., Godderis, Y., Lacan, F., Aumont, O., and Arsouze, T.: Ocean margins : the missing term for oceanic element budgets?, Eos, Trans. AGU, 92, 217, 2011.
Jin, X., Gruber, N. Dunne, J. P., Sarmiento, J. L., and Armstrong R. A.: Diagnosing the contribution of phytoplankton functional groups to the production and export of particulate organic carbon, CaCO3, and opal from global nutrient and alkalinity distributions, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB2015, 2006.
Jochum, K. P., Schuessler, J. A., Wang, X.-H., Stoll, B., Weis, U., Müller, W. E. G., Haug, G. H., Andreae, M. O., and Froelich, P. N.: Whole-ocean changes in silica and
Johnson, R., Strutton, P. G., Wright, S. W., McMinn, A., and Meiner, K. M.: Three improved satellite chlorophyll algorithms for the Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 3694–3703, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20270, 2013.
Jones, M., Pearce, C. R., and Oelkers, E. H.: An experimental study of the interaction of basaltic riverine particulate material and seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 77, 108–120, 2012.
Krause, J. W., Brzezinski, M. A., Villareal, T. A., and Wilson, W.: Increased kinetic efficiency for silicic acid uptake as a driver of summer diatom blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 1084–1098, 2012.
Krause, J. W., Mark A. Brzezinski, M. A., Baines, S. B., Collier, J. L., Twining, B. S., Ohnemus, D. C.: Picoplankton contribution to biogenic silica stocks and production rates in the Sargasso Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 31, 762–774, 2017.
Laruelle, G. G., Roubeix, V., Sferratore, A., Brodherr, B., Ciuffa, D., Conley, D. J., Dürr, H. H., Garnier, J., Lancelot, Le Thi Phuong, Q., Meunier, J.-D., Meybeck, M., Michalopoulos, P., Moriceau, B., Ní Longphuirt, S., Loucaides, S., Papush, L., Presti, M., Ragueneau, O., Regnier, P. A. G., Saccone, L., Slomp, C. P., , Spiteri, C., and Van Cappelle, P.: Anthopogenic perturbations of the silicon cycle at the global scale: key role of the land-ocean transition, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB4031, 1–17, 2009.
Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Aita-Noguchi, M., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J., Hashioka, T., Hauck, J., Hirata, T., John, J., Le Quéré, C., Lima, I. D., Nakano, H., Seferian, R., Totterdell, I., Vichi, M., and Völker, C.: Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models, Biogeosciences, 12, 6955–6984, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015, 2015.
Leinen, M., Cwienk, D., Heath, G. R., Biscaye, P. E., Kolla, V., Thiede, J., and Dauphin, J. P.: Distribution of biogenic silica and quartz in recent deep-sea sediments, Geology, 14, 199–203, 1986
Li, L, Barry, D. A., Stagnitti, F., and Parlange, J. Y.: Submarine groundwater discharge and associated chemical input to a coastal sea, Water Resour. Res., 35, 3253–3259, 1999.
Lippold, J., Luo, Y., Francois, R., Allen, S. E., Gherardi, J., Pichat, S., Hickey, B., and Schulz, H.: Strength and geometry of the glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Nat. Geosci., 5, 813–816, 2012.
Liu, S. M., Li, L. W., Zhang, G., Liu, Z., Yu, Z., and Ren, J. L.: Impacts of human activities on nutrient transports in the Huanghe (Yellow River) Estuary, J. Hydrol., 430–431, 103–110, 2012.
Llopis Monferrer, N., Boltovskoy, D., Tréguer, P., Méndez Sandin, M., Not, F., and Leynaert, A.: Estimating biogenic silica production of Rhizaria in the global ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 34, e2019GB006286, 2020.
Longhurst, A. R. (Ed.): Ecological Geography of the Sea, Academic Press, London, 2nd ed., 2007.
Longhurst, A., S. Sathyendranath, T. Platt, and Caverhill, C.: An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data, J. Plankton Res., 17, 1245–1271, 1995.
Luijendijk, A., Hagenaars, G., Roshanka, R., Baart, F., Donchyts, G., and Aarninkhof, S.: The state of the world's beaches, Sci. Rep., 8, 6641, 2018.
Maldonado M., Navarro L., Grasa A., Gonzalez A., and Vaquerizo I.: Silicon uptake by sponges: a twist to understanding nutrient cycling on continental margins, Sci. Rep., 1, 30, 2011.
Maldonado, M., Ribes, M., and van Duyl, F. C.: Nutrient fluxes through sponges, Adv. Mar. Biol., 62, 113–182, 2012.
Maldonado, M., López-Acosta, M., Sitjà, C., García-Puig, M., Galobart, C.,Ercilla, G., Leynaert, A.: Sponge skeletons as an important sink of silicon in the global oceans, Nat. Geosci. 12, 815–822, 2019.
Maldonado, M., López-Acosta, M., Beazley, L., Kenchington, E., Koutsouveli, V., and Riesgo, A.: Cooperation between passive and active silicon transporters clarifies the ecophysiology and evolution of biosilicification in sponges, Sci. Adv., 6, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba9322, 2020.
Matsumoto, K., Tokos, K., Huston, A., and Joy-Warren, H.: MESMO 2: a mechanistic marine silica cycle and coupling to a simple terrestrial scheme, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 477–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-477-2013, 2013.
Meire, L., Meire, P., Struyf, E., Krawczyk, D. W., Arendt, K. E., Yde, J. C., Pedersen, T. J., Hopwood, M. J., Rysgaard, S., and Meysman, F. J. R.: High export of dissolve silica from the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 9173–9182, 2016.
Meyer, J. L., Jaekel, U., Tully, B. J., Glazer, B. T., Wheat, C. G., Lin, H.-T., Hsieh, C.-C., Cowen, J. P., Hulme, S. M., Girguis, P. R., and Huber, J. A.: A distinct and active bacterial community in cold oxygenated fluids circulating beneath the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, Sci. Rep., 6, 22541, 2016.
Michalopoulos, P. and Aller, R. C.: Rapid Clay Mineral Formation in Amazon Delta Sediments: Reverse Weathering and Oceanic Elemental Cycles, Science, 270, 614–617, 1995.
Michalopoulos, P. and Aller, R. C.: Early diagenesis of biogenic silica in the Amazon delta: alteration, authigenic clay formation, and storage, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 1061–1085, 2004.
Michaud, A. B., Skidmore, M. L., Mitchell, A. C., Vick-Majors, T. J., Barbante, C., Turetta, C., VanGelder, W., and Priscu, J. C.: Solute sources and geochemical processes in Subglacial Lake Whillans, West Antarctica, Geology, 44, 347–350, 2016.
Moriceau, B, Gehlen, M., Tréguer, P., Baines, S., Livage, J., and André, L.: Editorial: Biogeochemistry and genomics of silicification and silicifiers, Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 57, 2019.
Morin, G. P., Vigier, N., and Verney-Carronc, A.: Enhanced dissolution of basaltic glass in brackish waters: Impact on biogeochemical cycles, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 417, 1–8, 2015.
Mortlock, R. A. and Froelich, P. N.: A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments, Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap., 36, 1415–1426, 1989.
Mottl, M. J.: Explanatory notes and master chemical item spreadsheet for the VentDB Data collections housed in the EarthChem Library, Version 1.0. Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA), https://doi.org/10.1594/IEDA/100207, 2012.
Mottl, M. J.: Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading Centers: application of basalt-seawater experimental results, in: Rona, P. A., Boström, K., Laubier, L., and Smith, K. L. (eds) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers. NATO Conference Series (IV Marine Sciences), 12. Springer, Boston, MA, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0402-7_10, 1983.
Mottl, M. J.: Partitioning of energy and mass fluxes between mid-ocean ridge axes and flanks at high and low temperature, in: Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine Hydrothermal Systems, edited by Halbach, P. E., Tunnicliffe, V., and Hein, J. R., Dahlem University Press, 271–286, 2003.
Müller, J. and Schneider, R.: An automated leaching method for the determination of opal in sediments and particulate matter, Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap., 40, 425–444, 1993.
Nelson, D. M. and Goering, J. J.: Near-surface silica dissolution in the upwelling region off northwest Africa, Deep Sea Res., 24, 65–73, 1977.
Nelson, D. M., Tréguer, P., Brzezinski, M. A., Leynaert, A., and Quéguiner, B.: Production and dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean – Revised global estimates, comparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9, 359–372, 1995.
Ng, H. C., Cassarino, L., Pickering, R. A., Woodward, E. M. S., and Hendry, K. R.: Sediment efflux of silicon on the Greenland margin and implications for the marine silicon cycle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 529, 115877, 2020.
Nielsen, S. G., Rehkämper, M., Teagle, D. A. H., Butterfield, D. A., Alt, J. C., and Halliday, A. N.: Hydrothermal fluid fluxes calculated from the isotopic mass balance of thallium in the ocean crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 251, 120–133, 2006.
Oelkers, E. H., Gislason, S. R., Eirıksdottir, E. S., Jones, M. T., Pearce, C. R., and Jeandel C.: The role of riverine particulate material on the global cycles of the elements, Appl. Geochem., 26, S365–S369, 2011.
Ohnemus, D. C., Rauschenberg, S., Krause, J. W., and Brezinski, M. A.: Silicon content of individual cells of Synechococcus from the North Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 187, 16–24, 2016.
Opalinka, B. and Cowlings, S. A.: Modelling the movement of biogenic silica from terrestrial vegetation to riverine systems within the continental USA, Ecol. Model., 312, 104–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.05.012, 2015.
Pasquier, B. and Holzer, M.: Inverse-model estimates of the ocean's coupled phosphorus, silicon, and iron cycles, Biogeosciences, 14, 4125–4159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4125-2017, 2017.
Pearce, C. R., Jones, M. T., b, Oelkers, E. H., Pradoux, C., and Jeandel, C.: The effect of particulate dissolution on the neodymium (Nd) isotope and Rare Earth Element (REE) composition of seawater, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 369–370, 138–147, 2013.
Peng, T.-S. , Maier-Reimer, E., and Broecker, W. S.: Distribution of 32Si in the world ocean: model compared to observation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 464–474, 1993.
Philipps, A.: Modelling riverine dissolved silica on different spatial and temporal scales using statistical and machine learning methods, Ph.D thesis, Univ. Toronto, Canada, 121 pp., available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/101210, 2020.
Pickering, R. A., Cassarino, L., Hendry, K. R., Wang, X. L., Maiti, K., and Krause, J. W.: Using Stable Isotopes to Disentangle Marine Sedimentary Signals in Reactive Silicon Pools, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087877, 2020.
Pondaven, P., Ragueneau, O., Tréguer, P., Hauvespre, A., Dezileau, L., and Reyss, J. L.: Resolving the `opal paradox'in the Southern Ocean, Nature, 405, 168–172, 2000.
Prakash Babu, C., Brumsack, J., and Böttcher, M. E.: Barium as a productivity proxy in continental margin sediments: a study from the eastern Arabian Sea, Mar. Geol., 184, 189–206, 2002.
Rahman, S., Aller, R. C., Cochran, and J. K.: Cosmogenic 32Si as a tracer of biogenic silica burial and diagenesis: Major deltaic sinks in the silica cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 7124–7132, 2016.
Rahman, S., Aller, R. C., and Cochran, J. K.: The missing silica sink: revisiting the marine sedimentary Si cycle using cosmogenic 32Si, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 31, 1559–1578, 2017.
Rahman, S., Tamborski, J. J., Charette, M. A., and Cochran, J. K.: Dissolved silica in the subterranean estuary and the impact of submarine groundwater discharge on the global marine silica budget, Mar. Chem., 208, 29–42, 2019.
Roshan, S., DeVries, T., Wu, J., and Chen, G.: The internal cycling of Zinc in the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 32, 1833–1849, 2018.
Saconne, L., Conley, D. J., Koning, E., Sauer, D., Sommer, M., Kaczorek, D., Blecher, S. W., and Kelly, E. F.: Assessing the extraction and quantification of amorphous silica in soils of forests and grassland ecosystems, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 58, 1446–1459, 2007.
Sarmiento, J. L. and Gruber, N.: Ocean biogeochemical dynamics, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 2006.
Sarmiento, J. L., Simeon, J., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Key, R. M., and Schlitzer, R.: Deep ocean biogeochemistry of silicic acid and nitrate, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB1S90, 2007.
Siever, R.: Silica in the oceans: biological – geochemical interplay, in “Scientists in Gaia”, edited by: Schneider, S. H. Boston, P. J., MIT Press, 285–295, 1991.
Struyf, E., Mörth, C.-M., Humborg, C., and Conley, D. J.: An enormous amorphous silica stock in boreal wetlands, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G04008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001324, 2010.
Syvistkia, J. P. M., Peckhama, S. D., Hilbermana, R., and Mulderb, T.: Predicting the terrestrial flux of sediment to the global ocean:a planetary perspective, Sediment. Geol., 162, 5–24, 2003.
Techer, I., Advocat, T., Lancelot, J., and Liotard, J. M.: Dissolution kinetics of basaltic glasses: Control by solution chemistry and protective effect of the alteration film, Chem. Geol., 176, 235–263, 2001.
Tegen, I. and Kohfeld, K. E.: Atmospheric Transport of Silicon, in: The silica cycle, human perturbations and impacts on aquatic 50 systems, edited by: Ittekot, V., Unger, D., Humborg, C., and Tac An, N. T., 7, 81–91, The Silicon Cycle: Human Perturbations and Impacts on Aquatic Systems, Comm. Probl. Environ. (SCOPE) Ser. Vol. 66, Island Press, Washington, DC, 296 pp, 2006.
Tréguer, P. J.: The Southern Ocean silica cycle, C. R. Geosci., 346, 279–286, 2014.
Tréguer, P. J. and De La Rocha, C. L.: The World Ocean silica sycle, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 477–501, 2013.
Tréguer, P. J. and Jacques, G.: Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton, and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and silica in the Antarctic ocean, Polar Biol., 12, 149–162, 1992.
Tréguer, P. J. and Pondaven P.: Silica control of carbon dioxide, Nature, 406, 358–359, 2000.
Tréguer, P. J., Louis Lindner, L., van Bennekom, A. J., Leynaert, A., Panouse, M., and Jacques, G.: Production of biogenic silica in the Weddell-Scotia Seas measured with 32Si, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1217–1227, 1991.
Tréguer, P. J., Nelson, D. M., Van Bennekom, A. J., Demaster, D. J., Leynaert,A., and Quéguiner, B.: The balance of silica in the world ocean, Science, 268, 376–79, 1995.
Tréguer, P. J., Bowler, C., Moriceau, B., Dutkiewicz, S., Gehlen, M., Aumont, O., Bittner, L., Dugdale, R., Finkel, Z., Iudicone, D., Jahn, O., Guidi, L., Lasbleiz, M., Leblanc, K., Levy, M., and Pondaven, P.: Influence of diatom diversity on the ocean biological carbon pump, Nat. Geosci., 11, 27–37, 2018.
Usbeck, U.: Modeling of marine biogeochemical cycles with an emphasis on vertical particle fluxes, PhD thesis, University Bremen, Germany, 1999.
Von Damm, K. L., Bischoff, J. L., and Rosenbauer, R. J.: Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions, Am. J. Sci., 291, 977–1007, 1991.
Wang W., Yang, S., Ran, X., Liu, X.-M., Bataille, C. P., and Su, N.: Response of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) water chemistry to the impoundment of Three Gorges Dam during 2010–2011, Chem. Geol. 487, 1–11, 2018a.
Wang, X., Baskaran, M., Su, K., and Du, J.: The important role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to derive nutrient fluxes into river dominated ocean margins – The East China Sea, Mar. Chem., 204, 121–132, 2018b.
Ward, B. A., Dutkiewicz, S., Jahn, O., and Follows, M. J.: A size-structured food-web model for the global ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 1877–1891, 2012.
Westberry, T., Behrenfeld, M. J., Siegel, D. A., and Boss, E.: Carbon-based primary productivity modeling with vertically resolved photoacclimation, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB2024, 2008.
Wheat, C. G. and McManus, J.: The potential role of ridge-flank hydrothermal systems on oceanic germanium and silicon balances, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 2021–2029, 2005.
Wheat, C. G. and Mottl, M. J.: Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare: global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 64, 629–642, 2000.
Wischmeyer, A. G., De La Rocha, C. L., Maier-Reimer, E., and Wolf-Gladrow, D. A.: Control mechanisms for the oceanic distribution of Si isotopes, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17, 1083, 2003.
Wollast, R., and Mackenzie, F. T.: Global biogeochemical cycles and climate, in: Climate Geosciences: A challenge for science and society in the 21st century, eds: Berger, A., Schneider, S., and Duplessy, J. C., Springer, Dordrecht, 453–473, 1989.
Yang S. L., Xu, K. H., Milliman, J. D., Yang, H. F., and Wu, C. S.: Decline of Yangtze River water and sediment discharge: Impact from natural and anthropogenic changes, Sci. Rep., 5, 12581, 2015.
Zhang, Z., Sun, X., Dai, M., Cao, Z., Fontorbe, G., and Conley, D. J.: Impact of human disturbance on the biogeochemical silicon cycle in a coastal sea revealed by silicon isotopes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 65, 515-528, 2019.
Zhao, B., Yao, P., Bianchi, T., and Xu, Y.: Early diagenesis and authigenic mineral formation in mobile muds of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf, J. Mar. Syst., 172, 64–74, 2017.
Download
- Article
(3717 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
Silicon is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust. In this review, we show that silicon inputs and outputs, to and from the world ocean, are 57 % and 37 % higher, respectively, than previous estimates. These changes are significant, modifying factors such as the geochemical residence time of silicon, which is now about 8000 years and 2 times faster than previously assumed. We also update the total biogenic silica pelagic production and provide an estimate for sponge production.
Silicon is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust. In this review, we show that...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint