Articles | Volume 21, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5685-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5685-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Dec 2024
Research article |
| 19 Dec 2024
| 19 Dec 2024
High metabolic zinc demand within native Amundsen and Ross sea phytoplankton communities determined by stable isotope uptake rate measurements
Riss M. Kell
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA 01930-3006, USA
previously published under the name Riss Kellogg
Rebecca J. Chmiel
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Deepa Rao
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Dawn M. Moran
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Matthew R. McIlvin
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Tristan J. Horner
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Nicole L. Schanke
Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
Ichiko Sugiyama
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Robert B. Dunbar
Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Giacomo R. DiTullio
Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Mak A. Saito, Jaclyn K. Saunders, Matthew R. McIlvin, Erin M. Bertrand, John A. Breier, Margaret Mars Brisbin, Sophie M. Colston, Jaimee R. Compton, Tim J. Griffin, W. Judson Hervey, Robert L. Hettich, Pratik D. Jagtap, Michael Janech, Rod Johnson, Rick Keil, Hugo Kleikamp, Dagmar Leary, Lennart Martens, J. Scott P. McCain, Eli Moore, Subina Mehta, Dawn M. Moran, Jaqui Neibauer, Benjamin A. Neely, Michael V. Jakuba, Jim Johnson, Megan Duffy, Gerhard J. Herndl, Richard Giannone, Ryan Mueller, Brook L. Nunn, Martin Pabst, Samantha Peters, Andrew Rajczewski, Elden Rowland, Brian Searle, Tim Van Den Bossche, Gary J. Vora, Jacob R. Waldbauer, Haiyan Zheng, and Zihao Zhao
Biogeosciences, 21, 4889–4908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ability to assess the functional capabilities of microbes in the environment is of increasing interest. Metaproteomics, the ability to measure proteins across microbial populations, has been increasing in capability and popularity in recent years. Here, an international team of scientists conducted an intercomparison study using samples collected from the North Atlantic Ocean and observed consistency in the peptides and proteins identified, their functions, and their taxonomic origins.
Andrew N. Hennig, David A. Mucciarone, Stanley S. Jacobs, Richard A. Mortlock, and Robert B. Dunbar
The Cryosphere, 18, 791–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-791-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-791-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 937 seawater paired oxygen isotope (δ18O)–salinity samples collected during seven cruises on the SE Amundsen Sea between 1994 and 2020 reveal a deep freshwater source with δ18O − 29.4±1.0‰, consistent with the signature of local ice shelf melt. Local mean meteoric water content – comprised primarily of glacial meltwater – increased between 1994 and 2020 but exhibited greater interannual variability than increasing trend.
Rebecca J. Chmiel, Riss M. Kell, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 20, 3997–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt is an important micronutrient for plankton, yet it is often scarce throughout the oceans. A 2017/2018 expedition to coastal Antarctica, including regions of the Amundsen Sea and the Ross Sea, discovered lower concentrations of cobalt compared to two past expeditions in 2005 and 2006, particularly for the type of cobalt preferred as a nutrient by phytoplankton. This loss may be due to changing inputs of other nutrients, causing higher uptake of cobalt by plankton over the last decade.
Öykü Z. Mete, Adam V. Subhas, Heather H. Kim, Ann G. Dunlea, Laura M. Whitmore, Alan M. Shiller, Melissa Gilbert, William D. Leavitt, and Tristan J. Horner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4023–4045, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present results from a machine learning model that accurately predicts dissolved barium concentrations for the global ocean. Our results reveal that the whole-ocean barium inventory is significantly lower than previously thought and that the deep ocean below 1000 m is at equilibrium with respect to barite. The model output can be used for a number of applications, including intercomparison, interpolation, and identification of regions warranting additional investigation.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Natalie R. Cohen, Abigail E. Noble, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. McIlvin, Tyler J. Goepfert, Nicholas J. Hawco, Christopher R. German, Tristan J. Horner, Carl H. Lamborg, John P. McCrow, Andrew E. Allen, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 18, 5397–5422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5397-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5397-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A previous study documented an intense hydrothermal plume in the South Pacific Ocean; however, the iron release associated with this plume and the impact on microbiology were unclear. We describe metal concentrations associated with multiple hydrothermal plumes in this region and protein signatures of plume-influenced microbes. Our findings demonstrate that resources released from these systems can be transported away from their source and may alter the physiology of surrounding microbes.
Thomas S. Bianchi, Madhur Anand, Chris T. Bauch, Donald E. Canfield, Luc De Meester, Katja Fennel, Peter M. Groffman, Michael L. Pace, Mak Saito, and Myrna J. Simpson
Biogeosciences, 18, 3005–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Better development of interdisciplinary ties between biology, geology, and chemistry advances biogeochemistry through (1) better integration of contemporary (or rapid) evolutionary adaptation to predict changing biogeochemical cycles and (2) universal integration of data from long-term monitoring sites in terrestrial, aquatic, and human systems that span broad geographical regions for use in modeling.
Kate E. Ashley, Robert McKay, Johan Etourneau, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Alan Condron, Anna Albot, Xavier Crosta, Christina Riesselman, Osamu Seki, Guillaume Massé, Nicholas R. Golledge, Edward Gasson, Daniel P. Lowry, Nicholas E. Barrand, Katelyn Johnson, Nancy Bertler, Carlota Escutia, Robert Dunbar, and James A. Bendle
Clim. Past, 17, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a multi-proxy record of Holocene glacial meltwater input, sediment transport, and sea-ice variability off East Antarctica. Our record shows that a rapid Antarctic sea-ice increase during the mid-Holocene (~ 4.5 ka) occurred against a backdrop of increasing glacial meltwater input and gradual climate warming. We suggest that mid-Holocene ice shelf cavity expansion led to cooling of surface waters and sea-ice growth, which slowed basal ice shelf melting.
Randelle M. Bundy, Alessandro Tagliabue, Nicholas J. Hawco, Peter L. Morton, Benjamin S. Twining, Mariko Hatta, Abigail E. Noble, Mattias R. Cape, Seth G. John, Jay T. Cullen, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 17, 4745–4767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt (Co) is an essential nutrient for ocean microbes and is scarce in most areas of the ocean. This study measured Co concentrations in the Arctic Ocean for the first time and found that Co levels are extremely high in the surface waters of the Canadian Arctic. Although the Co primarily originates from the shelf, the high concentrations persist throughout the central Arctic. Co in the Arctic appears to be increasing over time and might be a source of Co to the North Atlantic.
Noelle A. Held, Eric A. Webb, Matthew M. McIlvin, David A. Hutchins, Natalie R. Cohen, Dawn M. Moran, Korinna Kunde, Maeve C. Lohan, Claire Mahaffey, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 17, 2537–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2537-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2537-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Trichodesmium is a globally important marine nitrogen fixer that stimulates primary production in the surface ocean. We surveyed metaproteomes of Trichodesmium populations across the North Atlantic and other oceans, and we found that they experience simultaneous phosphate and iron stress because of the biophysical limits of nutrient uptake. Importantly, nitrogenase was most abundant during co-stress, indicating the potential importance of this phenotype to global nitrogen and carbon cycling.
Kathleen M. Munson, Carl H. Lamborg, Rene M. Boiteau, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 15, 6451–6460, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6451-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6451-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Methylmercury accumulates in marine organisms and is produced by bacterial processes in sediment systems. To date, the contribution of these processes to the marine water column is poorly understood. We measured noncellular production and breakdown of methylmercury in equatorial Pacific waters. We observed enhanced production in filtered waters that suggests noncellular processes result in rapid mercury transformations and, in turn, control methylmercury concentrations in the open ocean.
Sara J. Bender, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. McIlvin, Hong Zheng, John P. McCrow, Jonathan Badger, Giacomo R. DiTullio, Andrew E. Allen, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 15, 4923–4942, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4923-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4923-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Phaeocystis antarctica is an important phytoplankter of the Antarctic coastal environment where it dominates the early season bloom after sea ice retreat. Iron nutrition was found to be an important factor that results in Phaeocystis colony formation and a large restructuring of the proteome, including changes associated with the flagellate to colonial transition and adaptive responses to iron scarcity. Analysis of Phaeocystis proteins from the Ross Sea revealed the presence of both cell types.
Mak A. Saito, Abigail E. Noble, Nicholas Hawco, Benjamin S. Twining, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Seth G. John, Phoebe Lam, Tim M. Conway, Rod Johnson, Dawn Moran, and Matthew McIlvin
Biogeosciences, 14, 4637–4662, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4637-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4637-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt has the smallest oceanic inventory of all known inorganic micronutrients, and hence is particularly vulnerable to influence by internal oceanic processes. The stoichiometry of cobalt was studied in the North Atlantic, and interpreted with regard to the context of Redfield theory with a focus on biological uptake, scavenging, and the coupling between dissolved and particulate phases. The stoichiometry of cobalt accelerated towards the surface due to increased biological activity and use.
Abigail E. Noble, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Nicholas J. Hawco, Phoebe J. Lam, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 14, 2715–2739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2715-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2715-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines sources and sinks of dissolved and labile cobalt in the North Atlantic Ocean. The North and South Atlantic are influenced differently by dust, coastal margin sources, biota, and suspended particles. Dissolved cobalt in both basins is driven by a coastal margin source, leading to large plumes emanating from the north and south African coasts. These plumes are comparable in size despite the high dust flux observed in the North Atlantic that is absent in the South Atlantic.
David A. Koweek, Kerry J. Nickols, Paul R. Leary, Steve Y. Litvin, Tom W. Bell, Timothy Luthin, Sarah Lummis, David A. Mucciarone, and Robert B. Dunbar
Biogeosciences, 14, 31–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-31-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-31-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents results from a year-long study of a kelp forest offshore of Pacific Grove, California. We use tools and techniques from chemistry to study the kelp forest. We find very large chemical variability in the kelp forest, primarily between the surface of the water and the bottom of the forest. There are many reasons for this variability; we conclude that both regional upwelling and kelp growth are responsible for contributing to this variability.
Justine Kimball, Robert Eagle, and Robert Dunbar
Biogeosciences, 13, 6487–6505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6487-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6487-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Deep-sea corals are a potentially valuable archive of temperature and ocean chemistry. We analyzed clumped isotope signatures (Δ47) in live-collected aragonitic scleractinian and high-Mg calcitic gorgonian deep-sea corals and compared results to published data and found offsets between taxa. The observed patterns in deep-sea corals may record distinct mineral equilibrium signatures due to very slow growth rates, kinetic isotope effects, and/or variable acid digestion fractionation factors.
Nicholas J. Hawco, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Joseph A. Resing, Benjamin S. Twining, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 13, 5697–5717, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5697-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5697-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt is a scarce nutrient required by phytoplankton. We report more than 800 measurements of dissolved cobalt in the South Pacific Ocean, which show high cobalt concentrations in anoxic subsurface waters offshore of Peru. Coastal cobalt sources may be stronger under low oxygen and could fluctuate as climate change is expected to alter the extent of these low-oxygen regions.
H. B. DeJong, R. B. Dunbar, D. Mucciarone, and D. A. Koweek
Biogeosciences, 12, 6881–6896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6881-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6881-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the carbonate saturation state of surface water from the Ross Sea and along a transect between the Ross Sea and southern Chile using ~ 1700 total alkalinity measurements. Our results suggest that variability in surface carbonate saturation state is driven by biological productivity. We argue that in the Ross Sea the aragonite saturation state of surface water during the early spring never falls below 1.2.
T. P. Guilderson, M. D. McCarthy, R. B. Dunbar, A. Englebrecht, and E. B. Roark
Biogeosciences, 10, 6019–6028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6019-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6019-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Responses of microbial metabolic rates to non-equilibrated silicate- versus calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement
The influence of zooplankton and oxygen on the particulate organic carbon flux in the Benguela Upwelling System
Reviews and syntheses: Biological indicators of low-oxygen stress in marine water-breathing animals
Temperature-enhanced effects of iron on Southern Ocean phytoplankton
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth system model
The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a potential late-summer CO2 source to the atmosphere
Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
Estimates of carbon sequestration potential in an expanding Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Svalbard) affected by dark plumes of glacial meltwater
An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds
Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area
Variable contribution of wastewater treatment plant effluents to downstream nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions
Long-term variations of pH in coastal waters along the Korean Peninsula
Distribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic equatorial estuary: the Johor River and the East Johor Strait
Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Quantification and mitigation of bottom-trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Multi-model comparison of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the northwest European continental shelf under climate change
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Assessing the impacts of simulated Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement on viability and growth of near-shore species of phytoplankton
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
Countering the effect of ocean acidification in coastal sediments through carbonate mineral additions
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred from δ13C and δ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Influence of manganese cycling on alkalinity in the redox stratified water column of Chesapeake Bay
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Drivers of particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system
Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
High metabolism and periodic hypoxia associated with drifting macrophyte detritus in the shallow subtidal Baltic Sea
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 5707–5724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study exposed a natural community to two non-CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) deployments using different minerals. Adding alkalinity in this manner decreases dissolved CO2, essential for photosynthesis. While photosynthesis was not suppressed, bloom formation was mildly delayed, potentially impacting marine food webs. The study emphasizes the need for further research on OAE without prior equilibration and on its ecological implications.
Luisa Chiara Meiritz, Tim Rixen, Anja Karin van der Plas, Tarron Lamont, and Niko Lahajnar
Biogeosciences, 21, 5261–5276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Moored and drifting sediment trap experiments in the northern (nBUS) and southern (sBUS) Benguela Upwelling System showed that active carbon fluxes by vertically migrating zooplankton were about 3 times higher in the sBUS than in the nBUS. Despite these large variabilities, the mean passive particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes were almost equal in the two subsystems. The more intense near-bottom oxygen minimum layer seems to lead to higher POC fluxes and accumulation rates in the nBUS.
Michael R. Roman, Andrew H. Altieri, Denise Breitburg, Erica M. Ferrer, Natalya D. Gallo, Shin-ichi Ito, Karin Limburg, Kenneth Rose, Moriaki Yasuhara, and Lisa A. Levin
Biogeosciences, 21, 4975–5004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen-depleted ocean waters have increased worldwide. In order to improve our understanding of the impacts of this oxygen loss on marine life it is essential that we develop reliable indicators that track the negative impacts of low oxygen. We review various indicators of low-oxygen stress for marine animals including their use, research needs, and application to confront the challenges of ocean oxygen loss.
Charlotte Eich, Mathijs van Manen, J. Scott P. McCain, Loay J. Jabre, Willem H. van de Poll, Jinyoung Jung, Sven B. E. H. Pont, Hung-An Tian, Indah Ardiningsih, Gert-Jan Reichart, Erin M. Bertrand, Corina P. D. Brussaard, and Rob Middag
Biogeosciences, 21, 4637–4663, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4637-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean (SO) is often limited by low iron (Fe) concentrations. Sea surface warming impacts Fe availability and can affect phytoplankton growth. We used shipboard Fe clean incubations to test how changes in Fe and temperature affect SO phytoplankton. Their abundances usually increased with Fe addition and temperature increase, with Fe being the major factor. These findings imply potential shifts in ecosystem structure, impacting food webs and elemental cycling.
Miriam Tivig, David P. Keller, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 21, 4469–4493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4469-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biological production is highly dependent on the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Rivers are the main source of phosphorus to the oceans but poorly represented in global model oceans. We include dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus from river export in a global model ocean and find that the addition of riverine phosphorus affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Globally, riverine phosphorus input increases primary production rates.
Esdoorn Willcox, Marcos Lemes, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Johnna Marchiano Holding, and Søren Rysgaard
Biogeosciences, 21, 4037–4050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we measured the chemistry of seawater from samples obtained from different depths and locations off the east coast of the Northeast Greenland National Park to determine what is influencing concentrations of dissolved CO2. Historically, the region has always been thought to take up CO2 from the atmosphere, but we show that it is possible for the region to become a source in late summer. We discuss the variables that may be related to such changes.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3665–3676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CO2 removal method, but its environmental effects are insufficiently understood. The OAE Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) provides funding for a standardized and globally replicated microcosm experiment to study the effects of OAE on plankton communities. Here, we provide a detailed manual for the OAEPIIP experiment. We expect OAEPIIP to help build scientific consensus on the effects of OAE on plankton.
Marlena Szeligowska, Déborah Benkort, Anna Przyborska, Mateusz Moskalik, Bernabé Moreno, Emilia Trudnowska, and Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Biogeosciences, 21, 3617–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The European Arctic is experiencing rapid regional warming, causing glaciers that terminate in the sea to retreat onto land. Due to this process, the area of a well-studied fjord, Hornsund, has increased by around 100 km2 (40%) since 1976. Combining satellite and in situ data with a mathematical model, we estimated that, despite some negative consequences of glacial meltwater release, such emerging coastal waters could mitigate climate change by increasing carbon uptake and storage by sediments.
Mallory C. Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon, Brendan R. Carter, and Matthew D. Eisaman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3551–3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to store atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate. We monitored CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH to establish operational boundaries for carbon removal experiments. Results show that CO2 equilibration occurred on the order of weeks to months, was consistent with values expected from equilibration calculations, and was limited by mineral precipitation at high pH and CaCO3 saturation.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 21, 3425–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. Dissolved NO was supersaturated in the Elbe Estuary, indicating that it is a source of atmospheric NO. The observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification.
Weiyi Tang, Jeff Talbott, Timothy Jones, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 21, 3239–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of WWTPs on the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O in downstream aquatic environments is less constrained. We found spatially and temporally variable but overall higher N2O concentrations and fluxes in waters downstream of WWTPs, pointing to the need for efficient N2O removal in addition to the treatment of nitrogen in WWTPs.
Yong-Woo Lee, Mi-Ok Park, Seong-Gil Kim, Tae-Hoon Kim, Yong-Hwa Oh, Sang Heun Lee, and Dong Joo Joung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1836, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1836, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A long-term pH variation in coastal waters along the Korean peninsula was assessed for the first time, and it exhibited no significant pH change over an 11-year period. This contrasts with the ongoing pH decline in open oceans and other coastal areas. Analysis of environmental data showed that pH is mainly controlled by dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. This suggests that ocean warming could cause a pH decline in Korean coastal waters, affecting many fish and seaweeds aquaculture operations.
Amanda Y. L. Cheong, Kogila Vani Annammala, Ee Ling Yong, Yongli Zhou, Robert S. Nichols, and Patrick Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 2955–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and dissolved organic matter for 1 year in a eutrophic tropical estuary to understand their sources and cycling. Our data show that the dissolved organic matter originates partly from land and partly from microbial processes in the water. Internal recycling is likely important for maintaining high nutrient concentrations, and we found that there is often excess nitrogen compared to silicon and phosphorus. Our data help to explain how eutrophication persists in this system.
Aaron Ferderer, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Kirralee G. Baker, Zanna Chase, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising method of atmospheric carbon removal; however, its ecological impacts remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on diatom silicification. We found that increased silicate concentrations from silicate-based OAE increased diatom silicification. In contrast, the enhancement of alkalinity had no effect on community silicification and minimal effects on the silicification of different genera.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 2705–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called ocean alkalinization enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
Biogeosciences, 21, 2547–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2335–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
Biogeosciences, 21, 2143–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows that, under a high-emission scenario, oxygen concentration in deep water of parts of the North Sea and Celtic Sea can become critically low (hypoxia) towards the end of this century. The extent and frequency of hypoxia depends on the intensity of climate change projected by different climate models. This is the result of a complex combination of factors like warming, increase in stratification, changes in the currents and changes in biological processes.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences, 21, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation, as found in coastal upwelling off Chile. We have identified the crucial role of picoplankton (> 3 µm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (trimethylamine and methylphosphonic acid) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding CH4 emission estimates.
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Jessica L. Oberlander, Mackenzie E. Burke, Cat A. London, and Hugh L. MacIntyre
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-971, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-971, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
OAE is a promising negative emission technology that could restore the oceanic pH and carbonate system to a pre-industrial state. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to assess the potential impact of OAE on phytoplankton through an analysis of prior studies and the effects of simulated OAE on photosynthetic competence. Our findings suggest that there may be little if any significant impact on most phytoplankton studied to date if OAE is conducted in well-flushed, near-shore environments.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Kadir Bice, Tristen Myers, George Waldbusser, and Christof Meile
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-796, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-796, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of addition of carbonate minerals on coastal sediments, We carried out laboratory experiments to quantify the dissolution kinetics and integrated these observations into a numerical model that describes biogeochemical cycling in surficial sediments. Using the model, we demonstrate the buffering effect of the mineral additions and its duration. We quantify the effect under different environmental conditions and assess the potential for increased atmospheric CO2 uptake.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, George W. Luther, Emily R. Estes, Jennifer Necker, Bradley M. Tebo, Jianzhong Su, and Wei-Jun Cai
Biogeosciences, 20, 3053–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The intensity of the oceanic trap of CO2 released by anthropogenic activities depends on the alkalinity brought by continental weathering. Between ocean and continent, coastal water and estuaries can limit or favour the alkalinity transfer. This study investigate new interactions between dissolved metals and alkalinity in the oxygen-depleted zone of estuaries.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Moritz Baumann, Allanah Joy Paul, Jan Taucher, Lennart Thomas Bach, Silvan Goldenberg, Paul Stange, Fabrizio Minutolo, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 2595–2612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking velocity of marine particles affects how much atmospheric CO2 is stored inside our oceans. We measured particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system and assessed their physical and biochemical drivers. We found that sinking velocity was mainly influenced by particle size and porosity, while ballasting minerals played only a minor role. Our findings help us to better understand the particle sinking dynamics in this highly productive marine system.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Karl M. Attard, Anna Lyssenko, and Iván F. Rodil
Biogeosciences, 20, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic plants produce a large amount of organic matter through photosynthesis that, following erosion, is deposited on the seafloor. In this study, we show that plant detritus can trigger low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in shallow coastal waters, making conditions challenging for most marine animals. We propose that the occurrence of hypoxia may be underestimated because measurements typically do not consider the region closest to the seafloor, where detritus accumulates.
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Cited articles
Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., and Bushinsky, S.: Primary production in the Southern Ocean, 1997–2006, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C08004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004551, 2008.
Arrigo, K. R., Lowry, K. E., and van Dijken, G. L.: Annual changes in sea ice and phytoplankton in polynyas of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 71–76, 5–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.006, 2012.
Asper, V. L. and Smith, W. O.: Particle fluxes during austral spring and summer in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 104, 5345–5359, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jc900067, 1999.
Baars, O. and Croot, P. L.: The speciation of dissolved zinc in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58, 2720–2732, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.02.003, 2011.
Baars, O., Abouchami, W., Galer, S. J. G., Boye, M., and Croot, P. L.: Dissolved cadmium in the Southern Ocean: Distribution, speciation, and relation to phosphate, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59, 385–399, https://doi.org/10.4319/LO.2014.59.2.0385, 2014.
Bertrand, E. M., Saito, M. A., Rose, J. M., Riesselman, C. R., Lohan, M. C., Noble, A. E., Lee, P. A., and DiTullio, G. R.: Vitamin B12 and iron colimitation of phytoplankton growth in the Ross Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1079–1093, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.3.1079, 2007.
Biller, D. V. and Bruland, K. W.: Analysis of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in seawater using the Nobias-chelate PA1 resin and magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Mar. Chem., 130–131, 12–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.12.001, 2012.
Bishop, J. K. B. and Wood, T. J.: Year-round observations of carbon biomass and flux variability in the Southern Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003206, 2009.
Bown, J., Laan, P., Ossebaar, S., Bakker, K., Rozema, P., and de Baar, H. J. W.: Bioactive trace metal time series during Austral summer in Ryder Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 139, 103–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.07.004, 2017.
Boyle, E. A.: Cadmium: Chemical tracer of deepwater paleoceanography, Paleoceanography, 3, 471–489, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA003i004p00471, 1988.
Boyle, E. A., Sclater, F., and Edmond, J. M.: On the marine geochemistry of cadmium, Nature, 263, 42–44, https://doi.org/10.1038/263042a0, 1976.
Brand, L. E., Sunda, W. G., and Guillard, R. R. L.: Reduction of marine phytoplankton reproduction rates by copper and cadmium, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 96, 225–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90205-4, 1986.
Bruland, K. W., Knauer, G. A., and Martin, J. H.: Zinc in north-east Pacific water, Nature, 271, 741–743, https://doi.org/10.1038/271741a0, 1978.
Chmiel, R. J., Kell, R. M., Rao, D., Moran, D. M., DiTullio, G. R., and Saito, M. A.: Low cobalt inventories in the Amundsen and Ross seas driven by high demand for labile cobalt uptake among native phytoplankton communities, Biogeosciences, 20, 3997–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, 2023.
Cox, A. D., Noble, A. E., and Saito, M. A.: Cadmium enriched stable isotope uptake and addition experiments with natural phytoplankton assemblages in the Costa Rica Upwelling Dome, Mar. Chem., 166, 70–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.09.009, 2014.
Crameri, F.: Scientific colour maps, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862, 2023.
Cullen, J. T.: On the nonlinear relationship between dissolved cadmium and phosphate in the modern global ocean: Could chronic iron limitation of phytoplankton growth cause the kink?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1369–1380, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.3.1369, 2006.
Cullen, J. T. and Sherrell, R. M.: Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide, zinc, and manganese on the cadmium to phosphorus ratio in natural phytoplankton assemblages, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1193–1204, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1193, 2005.
Cullen, J. T., Lane, T. W., Morel, F. M. M., and Sheerell, R. M.: Modulation of cadmium uptake in phytoplankton by seawater CO2 concentration, Nature, 402, 165–167, https://doi.org/10.1038/46007, 1999.
Cullen, J. T., Chase, Z., Coale, K. H., Fitzwater, S. E., and Sherrell, R. M.: Effect of iron limitation on the cadmium to phosphorus ratio of natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Southern Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 1079–1087, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1079, 2003.
Cutter, G. A. and Bruland, K. W.: Rapid and noncontaminating sampling system for trace elements in global ocean surveys, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 10, 425–436, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.425, 2012.
Das, P., Samantaray, S., and Rout, G. R.: Studies on cadmium toxicity in plants: A review, Environ. Pollut., 98, 29–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00110-3, 1997.
de Baar, H. J. W., Saager, P. M., Nolting, R. F., and van der Meer, J.: Cadmium versus phosphate in the world ocean, Mar. Chem., 46, 261–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90082-5, 1994.
de Baar, H. J. W., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Abouchami, W., Xue, Z., Galer, S. J. G., Rehkämper, M., Middag, R., and van Ooijen, J.: Interactions of dissolved CO2 with cadmium isotopes in the Southern Ocean, Mar. Chem., 195, 105–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.06.010, 2017.
DiTullio, G.: pCO2 (LDEO pCO2) data as collected during the cruise NBP1801, Ditullio/B-007; Dunbar/O-131; Saba/B-050, Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) [data set], https://doi.org/10.7284/139318, 2017.
DiTullio, G. and Lee, P.: Hydrographic data collected by CTD during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean from 2017-2018, Version 1, Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) [data set], https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.783911.1, 2020.
DiTullio, G. R. and Smith, W. O.: Relationship between dimethylsulfide and phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 873–892, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00051-7, 1995.
DiTullio, G. R., Geesey, M. E., Leventer, A., and Lizotte, M. P.: Algal Pigment Ratios in the Ross Sea: Implications for Chemtax Analysis of Southern Ocean Data, in: Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea, edited by: Ditullio, G. R. and Dunbar, R. B., https://doi.org/10.1029/078ARS03, 2003.
DiTullio, G. R., Garcia, N., Riseman, S. F., and Sedwick, P. N.: Effects of iron concentration on pigment composition in Phaeocystis antarctica grown at low irradiance, Biogeochemistry, 83, 71–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9080-8, 2007.
Fitzwater, S. E., Johnson, K. S., Gordon, R. M., Coale, K. H., and Smith, W. O.: Trace metal concentrations in the Ross Sea and their relationship with nutrients and phytoplankton growth, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 3159–3179, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00063-1, 2000.
Gerringa, L. J. A., Alderkamp, A.-C., van Dijken, G., Laan, P., Middag, R., and Arrigo, K. R.: Dissolved Trace Metals in the Ross Sea, Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 577098, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.577098, 2020.
Giordano, R., Lombardi, G., Ciaralli, L., Beccaloni, E., Sepe, A., Ciprotti, M., and Costantini, S.: Major and trace elements in sediments from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, Sci. Total Environ., 227, 29–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00402-1, 1999.
Haas, C. E., Rodionov, D. A., Kropat, J., Malasarn, D., Merchant, S. S., and de Crécy-Lagard, V.: A subset of the diverse COG0523 family of putative metal chaperones is linked to zinc homeostasis in all kingdoms of life, BMC Genomics, 10, 470, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-470, 2009.
Hopwood, M. J., Carroll, D., Höfer, J., Achterberg, E. P., Meire, L., Le Moigne, F. A. C., Bach, L. T., Eich, C., Sutherland, D. A., and González, H. E.: Highly variable iron content modulates iceberg-ocean fertilisation and potential carbon export, Nat. Commun., 10, 5261, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13231-0, 2019.
Horner, T. J., Lee, R. B. Y., Henderson, G. M., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: Nonspecific uptake and homeostasis drive the oceanic cadmium cycle, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 2500–2505, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213857110, 2013.
Horner, T. J., Little, S. H., Conway, T. M., Farmer, J. R., Hertzberg, J. E., Janssen, D. J., Lough, A. J. M., McKay, J. L., Tessin, A., Galer, S. J. G., Jaccard, S. L., Lacan, F., Paytan, A., Wuttig, K., and GEOTRACES–PAGES Biological Productivity Working Group Members: Bioactive Trace Metals and Their Isotopes as Paleoproductivity Proxies: An Assessment Using GEOTRACES-Era Data, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 35, e2020GB006814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006814, 2021.
Hutchins, D. and Bruland, K.: Grazer-mediated regeneration and assimilation of Fe, Zn and Mn from planktonic prey, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 110, 259–269, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps110259, 1994.
Hutchins, D. A. and Bruland, K. W.: Fe, Zn, Mn and N transfer between size classes in a coastal phytoplankton community: Trace metal and major nutrient recycling compared, J. Mar. Res., 53, 297–313, 1995.
Hutchins, D. A., Wang, W. X., Schmidt, M. A., and Fisher, N. S.: Dual-labeling techniques for trace metal biogeochemical investigations in aquatic plankton communities, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 19, 129–138, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame019129, 1999.
Irving, B. H. and Williams, R. J. P.: The Stability of Transition-metal Complexes, J. Chem. Soc., 3192–3210, https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9530003192, 1953.
Jackson, S. L., Spence, J., Janssen, D. J., Ross, A. R. S., and Cullen, J. T.: Determination of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in seawater using offline extraction and triple quadrupole ICP-MS/MS, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 33, 304–313, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00237h, 2018.
Kato, T., Nakamura, S., and Morita, M.: Determination of Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Silver, Cadmium and Lead in Seawater by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Sci., 6, 623–626, https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.6.623, 1990.
Kell, R. M., Subhas, A. V., Schanke, N. L., Lees, L. E., Chmiel, R. J., Rao, D., Brisbin, M. M. M., Moran, D. M., McIlvin, M. R., Bolinesi, F., Mangoni, O., Casotti, R., Balestra, C., Horner, T., Dunbar, R. B., Allen, A. E., DiTullio, G. R., and Saito, M. A.: Zinc stimulation of phytoplankton in a low carbon dioxide, coastal Antarctic environment, bioRxiv [preprint], https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.05.565706, 5 November 2023.
Kellogg, R. M., Moosburner, M. A., Cohen, N. R., Hawco, N. J., McIlvin, M. R., Moran, D. M., DiTullio, G. R., Subhas, A. V., Allen, A. E., and Saito, M. A.: Adaptive responses of marine diatoms to zinc scarcity and ecological implications, Nat. Commun., 13, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29603-y, 2022.
Lane, E. S., Semeniuk, D. M., Strzepek, R. F., Cullen, J. T., and Maldonado, M. T.: Effects of iron limitation on intracellular cadmium of cultured phytoplankton: Implications for surface dissolved cadmium to phosphate ratios, Mar. Chem., 115, 155–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.07.008, 2009.
Lane, T. W., Saito, M. A., George, G. N., Pickering, I. J., Prince, R. C., and Morel, F. M. M.: A cadmium enzyme from a marine diatom, Nature, 435, 42–42, https://doi.org/10.1038/435042a, 2005.
Latour, P., Wuttig, K., van der Merwe, P., Strzepek, R. F., Gault-Ringold, M., Townsend, A. T., Holmes, T. M., Corkill, M., and Bowie, A. R.: Manganese biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean, from Tasmania to Antarctica, Limnol. Oceanogr., 66, 2547–2562, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11772, 2021.
Lee, J. and Morel, F.: Replacement of zinc by cadmium in marine phytoplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 127, 305–309, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps127305, 1995.
Lee, J. G., Roberts, S. B., and Morel, F. M. M.: Cadmium: A nutrient for the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 1056–1063, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.6.1056, 1995.
Lohan, M. C., Statham, P. J., and Crawford, D. W.: Total dissolved zinc in the upper water column of the subarctic North East Pacific, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 5793–5808, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00215-1, 2002.
Martin, J. H.: Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The Iron Hypothesis, Paleoceanography, 5, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA005i001p00001, 1990.
Middag, R., Baar, H. J. W., and Bruland, K. W.: The relationships netween dissolved zinc and major nutrients phosphate and silicate along the GEOTRACES GA02 transect in the West Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 33, 63–84, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006034, 2019.
Morel, F. M. M., Reinfelder, J. R., Roberts, S. B., Chamberlain, C. P., Lee, J. G., and Yee, D.: Zinc and carbon co-limitation of marine phytoplankton, Nature, 369, 740–742, https://doi.org/10.1038/369740A0, 1994.
Morel, F. M. M., Milligan, A. J., and Saito, M. A.: 8.5 - Marine Bioinorganic Chemistry: The Role of Trace Metals in the Oceanic Cycles of Major Nutrients, in: Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), edited by: Holland, H. D. and Turekian, K. K., Elsevier, Oxford, 123–150 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00605-7, 2013.
Morel, F. M. M., Lam, P. J., and Saito, M. A.: Trace metal substitution in marine phytoplankton, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 48, 491–517, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060108, 2020.
Noble, A. E., Lamborg, C. H., Ohnemus, D. C., Lam, P. J., Goepfert, T. J., Measures, C. I., Frame, C. H., Casciotti, K. L., DiTullio, G. R., Jennings, J., and Saito, M. A.: Basin-scale inputs of cobalt, iron, and manganese from the Benguela-Angola front to the South Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 989–1010, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.0989, 2012.
Noble, A. E., Moran, D. M., Allen, A. E., and Saito, M. A.: Dissolved and particulate trace metal micronutrients under the McMurdo Sound seasonal sea ice: basal sea ice communities as a capacitor for iron, Front. Chem., 1, 25, https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2013.00025, 2013.
Ohnemus, D. C., Rauschenberg, S., Cutter, G. A., Fitzsimmons, J. N., Sherrell, R. M., and Twining, B. S.: Elevated trace metal content of prokaryotic communities associated with marine oxygen deficient zones, Limnol. Oceanogr., 62, 3–25, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10363, 2017.
Oldham, V. E., Chmiel, R., Hansel, C. M., DiTullio, G. R., Rao, D., and Saito, M.: Inhibited Manganese Oxide Formation Hinders Cobalt Scavenging in the Ross Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 35, e2020GB006706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006706, 2021.
Park, H., Song, B., and Morel, F. M. M.: Diversity of the cadmium-containing carbonic anhydrase in marine diatoms and natural waters, Environ. Microbiol., 9, 403–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01151.x, 2007.
Park, H., McGinn, P. J., and Morel, F. M. M.: Expression of cadmium carbonic anhydrase of diatoms in seawater, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 51, 183–193, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01192, 2008.
Person, R., Vancoppenolle, M., Aumont, O., and Malsang, M.: Continental and Sea Ice Iron Sources Fertilize the Southern Ocean in Synergy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL094761, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094761, 2021.
Planquette, H., Sherrell, R. M., Stammerjohn, S., and Field, M. P.: Particulate iron delivery to the water column of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, Mar. Chem., 153, 15–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.04.006, 2013.
Price, N. M. and Morel, F. M. M.: Cadmium and cobalt substitution for zinc in a marine diatom, Nature, 344, 658–660, https://doi.org/10.1038/344658a0, 1990.
Rapp, I., Schlosser, C., Rusiecka, D., Gledhill, M., and Achterberg, E. P.: Automated preconcentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Co, and Mn in seawater with analysis using high-resolution sector field inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 976, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.008, 2017.
Rolling Deck To Repository: Cruise NBP1801 on RV Nathaniel B. Palmer, https://doi.org/10.7284/907753, 2018.
Roshan, S., DeVries, T., Wu, J., and Chen, G.: The Internal Cycling of Zinc in the Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 1833–1849, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006045, 2018.
Rudge, J. F., Reynolds, B. C., and Bourdon, B.: The double spike toolbox, Chem. Geol., 265, 420–431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.010, 2009.
Saito, M. A. and Goepfert, T. J.: Zinc-cobalt colimitation of Phaeocystis antarctica, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 266–275, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0266, 2008.
Sedwick, P. N. and DiTullio, G. R.: Regulation of algal blooms in Antarctic shelf waters by the release of iron from melting sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2515–2518, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL02596, 1997.
Sedwick, P. N., Di Tullio, G. R., and Mackey, D. J.: Iron and manganese in the Ross Sea, Seasonal iron limitation in Antarctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 105, 11321–11336, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000256, 2000.
Sedwick, P. N., Marsay, C. M., Sohst, B. M., Aguilar-Islas, A. M., Lohan, M. C., Long, M. C., Arrigo, K. R., Dunbar, R. B., Saito, M. A., Smith, W. O., and DiTullio, G. R.: Early season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya: Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C12019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006553, 2011.
Shaked, Y., Xu, Y., Leblanc, K., and Morel, F. M. M.: Zinc availability and alkaline phosphatase activity in Emiliania huxleyi: Implications for Zn-P co-limitation in the ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 299–309, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.1.0299, 2006.
Sieber, M., Conway, T. M., de Souza, G. F., Hassler, C. S., Ellwood, M. J., and Vance, D.: Cycling of zinc and its isotopes across multiple zones of the Southern Ocean: Insights from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 268, 310–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.039, 2020.
Sohrin, Y., Urushihara, S., Nakatsuka, S., Kono, T., Higo, E., Minami, T., Norisuye, K., and Umetani, S.: Multielemental determination of GEOTRACES key trace metals in seawater by ICPMS after preconcentration using an ethylenediaminetriacetic acid chelating resin, Anal. Chem., 80, 6267–6273, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac800500f, 2008.
St-Laurent, P., Yager, P. L., Sherrell, R. M., Stammerjohn, S. E., and Dinniman, M. S.: Pathways and supply of dissolved iron in the Amundsen Sea (Antarctica), J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 7135–7162, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013162, 2017.
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Feedback interactions between zinc and phytoplankton in seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 25–40, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.1.0025, 1992.
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Cobalt and zinc interreplacement in marine phytoplankton: Biological and geochemical implications, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 1404–1417, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1404, 1995.
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Antagonisms between cadmium and zinc toxicity and manganese limitation in a coastal diatom, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 373–387, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.3.0373, 1996.
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Control of Cd Concentrations in a Coastal Diatom by Interactions among Free Ionic Cd, Zn, and Mn in Seawater, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2961–2968, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980271y, 1998a.
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Processes regulating cellular metal accumulation and physiological effects: Phytoplankton as model systems, Sci. Total Environ., 219, 165–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00226-5, 1998b.
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Effect of Zn, Mn, and Fe on Cd accumulation in phytoplankton: Implications for oceanic Cd cycling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1501–1516, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.7.1501, 2000.
Tan, D., Xu, W., Zhu, Z., Li, S., Wu, G., and Qin, H.: Optimizing the ratio of the spike to sample for isotope dilution analysis: a case study with selenium isotopes, Acta Geochimica, 39, 192–202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-019-00390-6, 2020.
Taylor, S. R. and McLennan, S. M.: The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 312 pp., ISBN 0 632 01148 3, 1985.
Twining, B. S. and Baines, S. B.: The trace metal composition of marine phytoplankton, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 191–215, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172322, 2013.
Vance, D., Little, S. H., De Souza, G. F., Khatiwala, S., Lohan, M. C., and Middag, R.: Silicon and zinc biogeochemical cycles coupled through the Southern Ocean, Nat. Geosci., 10, 202–206, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2890, 2017.
Weber, T., John, S., Tagliabue, A., and DeVries, T.: Biological uptake and reversible scavenging of zinc in the global ocean, Science, 361, 72–76, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaP8532, 2018.
Wright, S. W., van den Enden, R. L., Pearce, I., Davidson, A. T., Scott, F. J., and Westwood, K. J.: Phytoplankton community structure and stocks in the Southern Ocean (30–80° E) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment signatures, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 758–778, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.015, 2010.
Wu, J. and Boyle, E. A.: Determination of iron in seawater by high-resolution isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation, Anal. Chim. Acta, 367, 183–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00145-7, 1998.
Wuttig, K., Townsend, A. T., van der Merwe, P., Gault-Ringold, M., Holmes, T., Schallenberg, C., Latour, P., Tonnard, M., Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Lannuzel, D., and Bowie, A. R.: Critical evaluation of a seaFAST system for the analysis of trace metals in marine samples, Talanta, 197, 653–668, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.047, 2019.
Xu, Y., Tang, D., Shaked, Y., and Morel, F. M. M.: Zinc, cadmium, and cobalt interreplacement and relative use efficiencies in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 2294–2305, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.2294, 2007.
Zhao, Y., Vance, D., Abouchami, W., and de Baar, H. J. W.: Biogeochemical cycling of zinc and its isotopes in the Southern Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 125, 653–672, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.045, 2014.
Short summary
Despite interest in modeling the biogeochemical uptake and cycling of the trace metal zinc (Zn), measurements of Zn uptake in natural marine phytoplankton communities have not been conducted previously. To fill this gap, we employed a stable isotope uptake rate measurement method to quantify Zn uptake into natural phytoplankton assemblages within the Southern Ocean. Zn demand was high and rapid enough to depress the inventory of Zn available to phytoplankton on seasonal timescales.
Despite interest in modeling the biogeochemical uptake and cycling of the trace metal zinc (Zn),...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint