Articles | Volume 12, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6617-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6617-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Nov 2015
Research article |
| 19 Nov 2015
Water limitations on forest carbon cycling and conifer traits along a steep climatic gradient in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon
L. T. Berner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
B. E. Law
Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
Related authors
Xiaoran Zhu, Dong Chen, Maruko Kogure, Elizabeth Hoy, Logan Berner, Amy Breen, Abhishek Chatterjee, Scott Davidson, Gerald Frost, Teresa Hollingsworth, Go Iwahana, Randi Jandt, Anja Kade, Tatiana Loboda, Matt Macander, Michelle Mack, Charles Miller, Eric Miller, Susan Natali, Martha Raynolds, Adrian Rocha, Shiro Tsuyuzaki, Craig Tweedie, Donald Walker, Mathew Williams, Xin Xu, Yingtong Zhang, Nancy French, and Scott Goetz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-222, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-222, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic tundra is experiencing widespread physical and biological changes largely in response to warming. Yet scientific understanding of tundra ecology and change remains limited due to relatively limited accessibility and study compared to other terrestrial biomes. To support synthesis research and inform future studies, we created the Synthesized Alaskan Tundra Field Dataset (SATFiD), which pulls together field datasets and includes vegetation, active layer, and fire-related properties.
Elizabeth E. Webb, Kathryn Heard, Susan M. Natali, Andrew G. Bunn, Heather D. Alexander, Logan T. Berner, Alexander Kholodov, Michael M. Loranty, John D. Schade, Valentin Spektor, and Nikita Zimov
Biogeosciences, 14, 4279–4294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4279-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4279-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost soils store massive amounts of C, yet estimates of soil C storage in this region are highly uncertain, primarily due to undersampling at all spatial scales; circumpolar soil C estimates lack sufficient continental spatial diversity, regional intensity, and replication at the field-site level. We aim to reduce the uncertainty of regional C estimates by providing a comprehensive assessment of vegetation, active-layer, and permafrost C stocks in a watershed in northeast Siberia, Russia.
Logan T. Berner, Beverly E. Law, and Tara W. Hudiburg
Biogeosciences, 14, 365–378, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-365-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-365-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Much of the western US is projected to become warmer and drier over the coming century. We examined how tree productivity, biomass, and carbon residence time varied with average water availability across this region using field and satellite measurements. Each forest characteristic increased markedly with increasing water availability between the dry woodlands and temperate rain forests, underscoring that water availability is a key environmental constraint on forests in the region.
Xiaoran Zhu, Dong Chen, Maruko Kogure, Elizabeth Hoy, Logan Berner, Amy Breen, Abhishek Chatterjee, Scott Davidson, Gerald Frost, Teresa Hollingsworth, Go Iwahana, Randi Jandt, Anja Kade, Tatiana Loboda, Matt Macander, Michelle Mack, Charles Miller, Eric Miller, Susan Natali, Martha Raynolds, Adrian Rocha, Shiro Tsuyuzaki, Craig Tweedie, Donald Walker, Mathew Williams, Xin Xu, Yingtong Zhang, Nancy French, and Scott Goetz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-222, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-222, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic tundra is experiencing widespread physical and biological changes largely in response to warming. Yet scientific understanding of tundra ecology and change remains limited due to relatively limited accessibility and study compared to other terrestrial biomes. To support synthesis research and inform future studies, we created the Synthesized Alaskan Tundra Field Dataset (SATFiD), which pulls together field datasets and includes vegetation, active layer, and fire-related properties.
Hyojung Kwon, Whitney Creason, Beverly E. Law, Christopher J. Still, and Chad Hanson
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-297, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-297, 2018
Preprint retracted
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem responses to short-term extreme climate were diverse and non-linear due to the interactive effects of physiological and environmental factors even within the same plant functional types and species in the Pacific Northwest. A negative (reducing) effect of the short-term extreme climate on seasonal carbon uptake was observed. Douglas-fir is likely to experience more constraints on carbon uptake than ponderosa pine if hot/dry season intensifies in the Pacific Northwest.
Jannis von Buttlar, Jakob Zscheischler, Anja Rammig, Sebastian Sippel, Markus Reichstein, Alexander Knohl, Martin Jung, Olaf Menzer, M. Altaf Arain, Nina Buchmann, Alessandro Cescatti, Damiano Gianelle, Gerard Kiely, Beverly E. Law, Vincenzo Magliulo, Hank Margolis, Harry McCaughey, Lutz Merbold, Mirco Migliavacca, Leonardo Montagnani, Walter Oechel, Marian Pavelka, Matthias Peichl, Serge Rambal, Antonio Raschi, Russell L. Scott, Francesco P. Vaccari, Eva van Gorsel, Andrej Varlagin, Georg Wohlfahrt, and Miguel D. Mahecha
Biogeosciences, 15, 1293–1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our work systematically quantifies extreme heat and drought event impacts on gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration globally across a wide range of ecosystems. We show that heat extremes typically increased mainly respiration whereas drought decreased both fluxes. Combined heat and drought extremes had opposing effects offsetting each other for respiration, but there were also strong reductions in GPP and hence the strongest reductions in the ecosystems carbon sink capacity.
Elizabeth E. Webb, Kathryn Heard, Susan M. Natali, Andrew G. Bunn, Heather D. Alexander, Logan T. Berner, Alexander Kholodov, Michael M. Loranty, John D. Schade, Valentin Spektor, and Nikita Zimov
Biogeosciences, 14, 4279–4294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4279-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4279-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost soils store massive amounts of C, yet estimates of soil C storage in this region are highly uncertain, primarily due to undersampling at all spatial scales; circumpolar soil C estimates lack sufficient continental spatial diversity, regional intensity, and replication at the field-site level. We aim to reduce the uncertainty of regional C estimates by providing a comprehensive assessment of vegetation, active-layer, and permafrost C stocks in a watershed in northeast Siberia, Russia.
Logan T. Berner, Beverly E. Law, and Tara W. Hudiburg
Biogeosciences, 14, 365–378, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-365-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-365-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Much of the western US is projected to become warmer and drier over the coming century. We examined how tree productivity, biomass, and carbon residence time varied with average water availability across this region using field and satellite measurements. Each forest characteristic increased markedly with increasing water availability between the dry woodlands and temperate rain forests, underscoring that water availability is a key environmental constraint on forests in the region.
J. C. Kathilankal, T. L. O'Halloran, A. Schmidt, C. V. Hanson, and B. E. Law
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2477–2484, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2477-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2477-2014, 2014
N. K. Ruehr, B. E. Law, D. Quandt, and M. Williams
Biogeosciences, 11, 4139–4156, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4139-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4139-2014, 2014
P. Ciais, A. J. Dolman, A. Bombelli, R. Duren, A. Peregon, P. J. Rayner, C. Miller, N. Gobron, G. Kinderman, G. Marland, N. Gruber, F. Chevallier, R. J. Andres, G. Balsamo, L. Bopp, F.-M. Bréon, G. Broquet, R. Dargaville, T. J. Battin, A. Borges, H. Bovensmann, M. Buchwitz, J. Butler, J. G. Canadell, R. B. Cook, R. DeFries, R. Engelen, K. R. Gurney, C. Heinze, M. Heimann, A. Held, M. Henry, B. Law, S. Luyssaert, J. Miller, T. Moriyama, C. Moulin, R. B. Myneni, C. Nussli, M. Obersteiner, D. Ojima, Y. Pan, J.-D. Paris, S. L. Piao, B. Poulter, S. Plummer, S. Quegan, P. Raymond, M. Reichstein, L. Rivier, C. Sabine, D. Schimel, O. Tarasova, R. Valentini, R. Wang, G. van der Werf, D. Wickland, M. Williams, and C. Zehner
Biogeosciences, 11, 3547–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3547-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3547-2014, 2014
M. Verma, M. A. Friedl, A. D. Richardson, G. Kiely, A. Cescatti, B. E. Law, G. Wohlfahrt, B. Gielen, O. Roupsard, E. J. Moors, P. Toscano, F. P. Vaccari, D. Gianelle, G. Bohrer, A. Varlagin, N. Buchmann, E. van Gorsel, L. Montagnani, and P. Propastin
Biogeosciences, 11, 2185–2200, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2185-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2185-2014, 2014
P. C. Stoy, M. C. Dietze, A. D. Richardson, R. Vargas, A. G. Barr, R. S. Anderson, M. A. Arain, I. T. Baker, T. A. Black, J. M. Chen, R. B. Cook, C. M. Gough, R. F. Grant, D. Y. Hollinger, R. C. Izaurralde, C. J. Kucharik, P. Lafleur, B. E. Law, S. Liu, E. Lokupitiya, Y. Luo, J. W. Munger, C. Peng, B. Poulter, D. T. Price, D. M. Ricciuto, W. J. Riley, A. K. Sahoo, K. Schaefer, C. R. Schwalm, H. Tian, H. Verbeeck, and E. Weng
Biogeosciences, 10, 6893–6909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6893-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6893-2013, 2013
T. W. Hudiburg, B. E. Law, and P. E. Thornton
Biogeosciences, 10, 453–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-453-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-453-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: The role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows to estimate forest carbon uptake from stand structure
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Linking biodiversity and geodiversity: Arctic-nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
The biogeographic pattern of microbial communities inhabiting terrestrial mud volcanoes across the Eurasian continent
Thirty-eight years of CO2 fertilization has outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems
Net soil carbon balance in afforested peatlands and separating autotrophic and heterotrophic soil CO2 effluxes
Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: community changes related to rainfall
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-27, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The role of flowers in plant reproduction is well-known, but flowers could have an important role in nutrient cycling and carbon dynamics in ecosystems. Here, we investigated the secondary role of flowers on litter decomposition. We observed that the flower and leaf litter interaction increased the decomposition rate, compared to their alone, in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, flower litter could represent a biogeochemical hotspot for decomposition.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Samuel Matthias Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.11458, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.11458, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest to tackle this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2240, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2240, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming landscape and may impact wildlife. We focused on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. Accelerated by climate change, this process is likely to affect predator-prey dynamics the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Sami W. Rifai, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Lucas A. Cernusak, Patrick Meir, Belinda E. Medlyn, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 19, 491–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Australia's woody ecosystems have experienced widespread greening despite a warming climate and repeated record-breaking droughts and heat waves. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, yet quantifying the CO2 effect is complicated due to co-occurring effects of global change. Here we harmonized a 38-year satellite record to separate the effects of climate change, land use change, and disturbance to quantify the CO2 fertilization effect on the greening phenomenon.
Renée Hermans, Rebecca McKenzie, Roxane Andersen, Yit Arn Teh, Neil Cowie, and Jens-Arne Subke
Biogeosciences, 19, 313–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are a significant global carbon store, which can be compromised by drainage and afforestation. We measured the peat decomposition under a 30-year-old drained forest plantation: 115 ± 16 g C m−2 yr−1, ca. 40 % of total soil respiration. Considering input of litter from trees, our results indicate that the soils in these 30-year-old drained and afforested peatlands are a net sink for C, since substantially more C enters the soil as organic matter than is decomposed heterotrophically.
Kai Tang, Beatriz Sánchez-Parra, Petya Yordanova, Jörn Wehking, Anna T. Backes, Daniel A. Pickersgill, Stefanie Maier, Jean Sciare, Ulrich Pöschl, Bettina Weber, and Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky
Biogeosciences, 19, 71–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected on Cyprus revealed rain-related short-term changes of bioaerosol and ice nuclei composition. Filtration experiments showed a rain-related enhancement of biological ice nuclei > 5 µm and < 0.1 µm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and ice nuclei may influence the hydrological cycle as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).
Cited articles
Allen, C.: Climate-induced forest dieback: an escalating global phenomenon?, Unasylva, 231, 42–49, 2009.
Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D. D., and Hogg, E. H.: A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests, Forest Ecol. Manage., 259, 660–684, 2010.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements, FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56, FAO, Rome, 300 pp., 1998.
Anderegg, W. R.: Spatial and temporal variation in plant hydraulic traits and their relevance for climate change impacts on vegetation, New Phytol., 205, 1008–1014, 2015.
Anthoni, P. M., Law, B. E., and Unsworth, M. H.: Carbon and water vapor exchange of an open-canopied ponderosa pine ecosystem, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 95, 151–168, 1999.
Barclay, H. J.: Conversion of total leaf area to projected leaf area in lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir, Tree Physiol., 18, 185–193, 1998.
Barclay, H. J. and Goodman, D.: Conversion of total to projected leaf area index in conifers, Canadian J. Botany, 78, 447–454, 2000.
Berner, L. T., Beck, P. S. A., Bunn, A. G., Lloyd, A. H., and Goetz, S. J.: High-latitude tree growth and satellite vegetation indices: Correlations and trends in Russia and Canada (1982–2008), J. Geophys. Res., 116, G01015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001475, 2011.
Berner, L. T., Beck, P. S. A., Bunn, A. G., and Goetz, S. J.: Plant response to climate change along the forest-tundra ecotone in northeastern Siberia, Glob. Change Biol., 19, 3449–3462, 2013.
Bunn, A. G.: Statistical and visual crossdating in R using the dplR library, Dendrochronologia, 28, 251–258, 2010.
Bunn, A. G., Waggoner, L. A., and Graumlich, L. J.: Topographic mediation of growth in high elevation foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana Grev. et Balf.) forests in the Sierra Nevada, USA, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 14, 103–114, 2005.
Bunn, A. G., Hughes, M. K., and Salzer, M. W.: Topographically modified tree-ring chronologies as a potential means to improve paleoclimate inference, Climatic Change, 105, 627–634, 2011.
Bunn, A. G., Hughes, M. K., Kirdyanov, A. V., Losleben, M., Shishov, V. V., Berner, L. T., Oltchev, A., and Vaganov, E. A.: Comparing forest measurements from tree rings and a space-based index of vegetation activity in Siberia, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 035034, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035034, 2013.
Carrer, M.: Individualistic and time-varying tree-ring growth to climate sensitivity, PloS One, 6, e22813, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0478, 2011.
Chave, J., Coomes, D., Jansen, S., Lewis, S. L., Swenson, N. G., and Zanne, A. E.: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum, Ecol. Lett., 12, 351–366, 2009.
Chen, J. M.: Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 80, 135–163, 1996.
Choat, B., Jansen, S., Brodribb, T. J., Cochard, H., Delzon, S., Bhaskar, R., Bucci, S. J., Feild, T. S., Gleason, S. M., Hacke, U. G., Jacobsen, A. L., Lens, F., Maherali, H., Martinez-Vilalta, J., Mayr, S., Mencuccini, M., Mitchell, P. J., Nardini, A., Pittermann, J., Pratt, R. B., Sperry, J. S., Westoby, M., Wright, I. J., and Zanne, A. E.: Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought, Nature, 491, 752–755, 2012.
Cochard, H.: Cavitation in trees, C. R. Phys., 7, 1018–1026, 2006.
Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J.-L., Fichefet, T., Friedlingstein, P., Gao, X., Gutowski, W. J., Johns, T., Krinner, G., Shongwe, M., Tebaldi, C., Weaver, A. J., and Wehner, M.: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Cook, E. R., Woodhouse, C. A., Eakin, C. M., Meko, D. M., and Stahle, D. W.: Long-term aridity changes in the western United States, Science, 306, 1015–1018, 2004.
Coops, N. C. and Waring, R. H.: Estimating the vulnerability of fifteen tree species under changing climate in Northwest North America, Ecol. Model., 222, 2119–2129, 2011.
Cregg, B.: Carbon allocation, gas exchange, and needle morphology of Pinus ponderosa genotypes known to differ in growth and survival under imposed drought, Tree Physiol., 14, 883–898, 1994.
Dai, A.: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models, Nature Climate Change, 3, 52–58, 2013.
Daly, C., Halbleib, M., Smith, J. I., Gibson, W. P., Doggett, M. K., Taylor, G. H., Curtis, J., and Pasteris, P. P.: Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 2031–2064, 2008.
Dennison, P. E., Brewer, S. C., Arnold, J. D., and Moritz, M. A.: Large wildfire trends in the western United States, 1984–2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, GL059576, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059576, 2014.
Diffenbaugh, N. S. and Field, C. B.: Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions, Science, 341, 486–492, 2013.
Domec, J.-C., Warren, J. M., Meinzer, F. C., and Lachenbruch, B.: Safety factors for xylem failure by implosion and air-seeding within roots, trunks and branches of young and old conifer trees, International Association of Wood Anatomists, 30, 100–120, 2009.
Droogers, P. and Allen, R. G.: Estimating reference evapotranspiration under inaccurate data conditions, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 16, 33–45, 2002.
Eidenshink, J., Schwind, B., Brewer, K., Zhu, Z., Quayle, B., and Howard, S.: A project for monitoring trends in burn severity, Fire Ecology, 3, 3–21, 2007.
Fisher, R., McDowell, N., Purves, D., Moorcroft, P., Sitch, S., Cox, P., Huntingford, C., Meir, P., and Ian Woodward, F.: Assessing uncertainties in a second-generation dynamic vegetation model caused by ecological scale limitations, New Phytol., 187, 666–681, 2010.
Franklin, J. F. and Dyrness, C. T.: Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington, Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, 1988.
Frazer, G. W., Trofymow, J., and Lertzman, K. P.: Canopy openness and leaf area in chronosequences of coastal temperate rainforests, Can. J. Forest Res., 30, 239–256, 2000.
Fritts, H. C.: Tree Rings and Climate, Blackburn Press, Caldwell, 567 pp., 2001.
Gholz, H. L.: Environmental Limits on Aboveground Net Primary Production, Leaf Area, and Biomass in Vegetation Zones of the Pacific Northwest, Ecology, 63, 469–481, 1982.
Gholz, H. L., Grier, C., Campbell, A., and Brown, A.: Equations for estimating biomass and leaf area of plants in the Pacific Northwest, Oregon State University, School of Forestry, Forest Research Lab, Corvallis, OR, 1979.
Grier, C. C. and Running, S. W.: Leaf area of mature northwestern coniferous forests: relation to site water balance, Ecology, 58, 893–899, 1977.
Grime, J. P.: Vegetation classification by reference to strategies, Nature, 250, 26–31, 1974.
Grime, J. P.: Plant strategies, vegetation processes, and ecosystem properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001.
Hacke, U., Jacobsen, A., and Pratt, R.: Xylem function of arid-land shrubs from California, USA: an ecological and evolutionary analysis, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 1324–1333, 2009.
Hacke, U. G., Sperry, J. S., Pockman, W. T., Davis, S. D., and McCulloh, K. A.: Trends in wood density and structure are linked to prevention of xylem implosion by negative pressure, Oecologia, 126, 457–461, 2001.
Hargreaves, G. H. and Samani, Z. A.: Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature, Appl. Eng. Agr., 1, 96–99, 1985.
Hartmann, H.: Will a 385 million year-struggle for light become a struggle for water and for carbon? – How trees may cope with more frequent climate change-type drought events, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 642–655, 2011.
Hicks, R. and Dugas, W.: Estimating ashe juniper leaf area from tree and stem characteristics, Journal of Range Management Archives, 51, 633–637, 1998.
Hogg, E. H.: Temporal scaling of moisture and the forest-grassland boundary in western Canada, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 84, 115–122, 1997.
Hogg, E. H. and Hurdle, P.: The aspen parkland in western Canada: A dry-climate analogue for the future boreal forest?, Water Air Soil Pollut., 82, 391–400, 1995.
Huang, K., Yi, C., Wu, D., Zhou, T., Zhao, X., Blanford, W. J., Wei, S., Wu, H., Ling, D., and Li, Z.: Tipping point of a conifer forest ecosystem under severe drought, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 024011, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024011, 2015.
Hudiburg, T., Law, B., Turner, D. P., Campbell, J., Donato, D., and Duane, M.: Carbon dynamics of Oregon and Northern California forests and potential land-based carbon storage, Ecol. Appl., 19, 163–180, 2009.
Hudiburg, T. W., Law, B. E., Wirth, C., and Luyssaert, S.: Regional carbon dioxide implications of forest bioenergy production, Nature Climate Change, 1, 419–423, 2011.
Hudiburg, T. W., Law, B. E., and Thornton, P. E.: Evaluation and improvement of the Community Land Model (CLM4) in Oregon forests, Biogeosciences, 10, 453–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-453-2013, 2013a.
Hudiburg, T. W., Luyssaert, S., Thornton, P. E., and Law, B. E.: Interactive Effects of Environmental Change and Management Strategies on Regional Forest Carbon Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13132–13140, 2013b.
Hultine, K. R., Burtch, K. G., and Ehleringer, J. R.: Gender specific patterns of carbon uptake and water use in a dominant riparian tree species exposed to a warming climate, Glob. Change Biol., 19, 3390–3405, 2013.
Jacobsen, A. L., Pratt, R. B., Ewers, F. W., and Davis, S. D.: Cavitation resistance among 26 chaparral species of southern California, Ecol. Monogr., 77, 99–115, 2007.
Jiang, X., Rauscher, S. A., Ringler, T. D., Lawrence, D. M., Williams, A. P., Allen, C. D., Steiner, A. L., Cai, D. M., and McDowell, N. G.: Projected Future Changes in Vegetation in Western North America in the Twenty-First Century, J. Climate, 26, 3671–3687, 2013.
Kagan, J., Ohmann, J. L., Gregory, M. J., Tobalske, C., Hak, J., and Fried, J.: Final report on land cover mapping methods, map zones 8 and 9, Pacific Northwest ReGAP, Institute for Natural Resources, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 2006.
Kang, S., Running, S. W., Kimball, J. S., Fagre, D. B., Michaelis, A., Peterson, D. L., Halofsky, J. E., and Hong, S.: Effects of spatial and temporal climatic variability on terrestrial carbon and water fluxes in the Pacific Northwest, USA, Environ. Modell. Softw., 51, 228–239, 2014.
Kern, J. S.: Geographic patterns of soil water-holding capacity in the contiguous United States, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 1126–1133, 1995.
King, D. A.: The adaptive significance of tree height, Am. Nat., 135, 809–828, 1990.
Knutson, K. C. and Pyke, D. A.: Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon, Can. J. Forest Res., 38, 3021–3032, 2008.
Kobayashi, H., Ryu, Y., Baldocchi, D. D., Welles, J. M., and Norman, J. M.: On the correct estimation of gap fraction: How to remove scattered radiation in gap fraction measurements?, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 174–175, 170–183, 2013.
Koch, G. W., Sillett, S. C., Jennings, G. M., and Davis, S. D.: The limits to tree height, Nature, 428, 851–854, 2004.
Kozlowski, T. T., Kramer, P. J., and Pallardy, S. G.: The Physiological ecology of woody plants, Academic Press, San Diego, 1991.
Kruskal, W. H. and Wallis, W. A.: Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 47, 583–621, 1952.
Kunkel, K. E., Stevens, L. E., Stevens, S. E., Sun, L., Janssen, E., Wuebbles, D., Redmond, K. T., and Dobson, J. G.: Regional climate trends and scenarios for the US National Climate Assessment: Part 5, Climate of the Southwest US, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Washington, D.C., 2013.
Landsberg, J. and Waring, R.: A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency, carbon balance and partitioning, Forest Ecol. Manage., 95, 209–228, 1997.
Law, B. E.: Regional analysis of drought and heat impacts on forests: current and future science directions, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 3595–3599, 2014.
Law, B. E. and Berner, L. T.: NACP TERRA-PNW: Forest Plant Traits, NPP, Biomass, and Soil Properties, 1999–2014, ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge Tennessee, USA, 2016.
Law, B. E. and Waring, R. H.: Combining remote sensing and climatic data to estimate net primary production across Oregon, Ecol. Appl., 4, 717–728, 1994.
Law, B. E. and Waring, R. H.: Carbon implications of current and future effects of drought, fire and management on Pacific Northwest forests, Forest Ecol. Manage., 355, 4–14, 2015.
Law, B. E., Van Tuyl, S., Cescatti, A., and Baldocchi, D. D.: Estimation of leaf area index in open-canopy ponderosa pine forests at different successional stages and management regimes in Oregon, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 108, 1–14, 2001.
Law, B. E., Sun, O. J., Campbell, J., Van Tuyl, S., and Thornton, P. E.: Changes in carbon storage and fluxes in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine, Glob. Change Biol., 9, 510–524, 2003.
Law, B. E., Turner, D., Campbell, J., Sun, O. J., Van Tuyl, S., Ritts, W. D., and Cohen, W. B.: Disturbance and climate effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across Western Oregon USA, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1429–1444, 2004.
Law, B. E., Arkebauer, T., Campbell, J. L., Chen, J., Sun, O., Schwartz, M., van Ingen, C., and Verma, S.: Terrestrial carbon observations: Protocols for vegetation sampling and data submission, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2008.
Littell, J. S., Peterson, D. L., and Tjoelker, M.: Douglas-fir growth in mountain ecosystems: water limits tree growth from stand to region, Ecol. Monogr., 78, 349–368, 2008.
Lloyd, A. H., Bunn, A. G., and Berner, L.: A latitudinal gradient in tree growth response to climate warming in the Siberian taiga, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1935–1945, 2010.
Loarie, S. R., Duffy, P. B., Hamilton, H., Asner, G. P., Field, C. B., and Ackerly, D. D.: The velocity of climate change, Nature, 462, 1052–1055, 2009.
Loranty, M. M., Mackay, D. S., Ewers, B. E., Traver, E., and Kruger, E. L.: Contribution of competition for light to within-species variability in stomatal conductance, Water Resour. Res., 46, W05516, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008125, 2010.
Maherali, H. and DeLucia, E. H.: Influence of climate-driven shifts in biomass allocation on water transport and storage in ponderosa pine, Oecologia, 129, 481–491, 2001.
Maherali, H., Pockman, W. T., and Jackson, R. B.: Adaptive variation in the vulnerability of woody plants to xylem cavitation, Ecology, 85, 2184–2199, 2004.
Mathys, A., Coops, N. C., and Waring, R. H.: Soil water availability effects on the distribution of 20 tree species in western North America, Forest Ecol. Manage., 313, 144–152, 2014.
McCulloh, K. A., Johnson, D. M., Meinzer, F. C., and Lachenbruch, B.: An annual pattern of native embolism in upper branches of four tall conifer species, Am. J. Bot., 98, 1007–1015, 2011.
McDowell, N. G.: Mechanisms linking drought, hydraulics, carbon metabolism, and vegetation mortality, Plant Physiol., 155, 1051–1059, 2011.
McDowell, N. G. and Allen, C. D.: Darcy's law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming, Nature Climate Change, 5, 669–672, 2015.
Means, J. E., Hansen, H. A., Koerper, G. J., Alaback, P. B., and Klopsch, M. W.: Software for computing plant biomass–BIOPAK users guide, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 184 pp., 1994.
Meigs, G. W., Kennedy, R. E., Gray, A. N., and Gregory, M. J.: Spatiotemporal dynamics of recent mountain pine beetle and western spruce budworm outbreaks across the Pacific Northwest Region, USA, Forest Ecol. Manage., 339, 71–86, 2015.
Meinzer, F. C., McCulloh, K. A., Lachenbruch, B., Woodruff, D. R., and Johnson, D. M.: The blind men and the elephant: the impact of context and scale in evaluating conflicts between plant hydraulic safety and efficiency, Oecologia, 164, 287–296, 2010.
Mencuccini, M. and Grace, J.: Climate influences the leaf area/sapwood area ratio in Scots pine, Tree Physiol., 15, 1–10, 1995.
Mote, P. A., Snover, K., Capalbo, S., Eigenbrode, S. D., Glick, P., Littell, J., Raymondi, R., and Reeder, S.: Northwest. In: Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, edited by: Melillo, J. M., Richmond, T. C. C., and Yohe, G. W., US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 2014.
Mote, P. W., Hamlet, A. F., Clark, M. P., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Declining Mountain Snowpack in Western North America, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 39–49, 2005.
Muller-Landau, H.: Interspecific and Inter-site Variation in Wood Specific Gravity of Tropical Trees, Biotropica, 36, 20–32, 2004.
Nippert, J. B. and Marshall, J. D.: Sources of variation in ecophysiological parameters in Douglas-fir and grand fir canopies, Tree Physiol., 23, 591–601, 2003.
Peng, C., Ma, Z., Lei, X., Zhu, Q., Chen, H., Wang, W., Liu, S., Li, W., Fang, X., and Zhou, X.: A drought-induced pervasive increase in tree mortality across Canada's boreal forests, Nature Climate Change, 1, 467–471, 2011.
Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Díaz, S., Garnier, E., Lavorel, S., Poorter, H., Jaureguiberry, P., Bret-Harte, M., Cornwell, W., Craine, J., and Gurvich, D.: New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Aust. J. Bot., 61, 167–234, 2013.
Peterman, W., Waring, R. H., Seager, T., and Pollock, W. L.: Soil properties affect pinyon pine–juniper response to drought, Ecohydrology, 6, 455–463, 2013.
Pilcher, J. R. (Ed.): Sample preparation, cross-dating, and measurement, Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1990.
Pockman, W. T., Sperry, J. S., and O'Leary, J. W.: Sustained and significant negative water pressure in xylem, Nature, 378, 715–716, 1995.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2015.
Rehfeldt, G. E., Crookston, N. L., Warwell, M. V., and Evans, J. S.: Empirical Analyses of Plant-Climate Relationships for the Western United States, Int. J. Plant Sci., 167, 1123–1150, 2006.
Reich, P. B.: The world-wide "fast–slow" plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, J. Ecol., 102, 275–301, 2014.
Ruehr, N. K., Law, B. E., Quandt, D., and Williams, M.: Effects of heat and drought on carbon and water dynamics in a regenerating semi-arid pine forest: a combined experimental and modeling approach, Biogeosciences, 11, 4139–4156, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4139-2014, 2014.
Runyon, J., Waring, R., Goward, S., and Welles, J.: Environmental limits on net primary production and light-use efficiency across the Oregon transect, Ecol. Appl., 4, 226–237, 1994.
Ryan, M. G. and Yoder, B. J.: Hydraulic Limits to Tree Height and Tree Growth, BioScience, 47, 235–242, 1997.
Ryan, M. G., Gower, S. T., Hubbard, R. M., Waring, R. H., Gholz, H. L., Cropper Jr., W. P., and Running, S. W.: Woody tissue maintenance respiration of four conifers in contrasting climates, Oecologia, 101, 133–140, 1995.
Sala, A. and Hoch, G.: Height-related growth declines in ponderosa pine are not due to carbon limitation, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 22–30, 2009.
Schwalm, C. R., Williams, C. A., Schaefer, K., Baldocchi, D., Black, T. A., Goldstein, A. H., Law, B. E., Oechel, W. C., and Scott, R. L.: Reduction in carbon uptake during turn of the century drought in western North America, Nat. Geosci., 5, 551–556, 2012.
Schwarz, P., Law, B., Williams, M., Irvine, J., Kurpius, M., and Moore, D.: Climatic versus biotic constraints on carbon and water fluxes in seasonally drought-affected ponderosa pine ecosystems, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002234, 2004.
Sperry, J. S.: Hydraulics of vascular water transport, in: Mechanical integration of plant cells and plants, Springer, Berlin, 2011.
Sperry, J. S. and Tyree, M. T.: Mechanism of water stress-induced xylem embolism, Plant Physiol., 88, 581–587, 1988.
Swenson, N. G. and Enquist, B. J.: Ecological and evolutionary determinants of a key plant functional trait: wood density and its community-wide variation across latitude and elevation, Am. J. Bot., 94, 451–459, 2007.
Tezara, W., Mitchell, V., Driscoll, S., and Lawlor, D.: Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP, Nature, 401, 914–917, 1999.
Tyree, M. T.: The cohesion-tension theory of sap ascent: current controversies, J. Exp. Bot., 48, 1753–1765, 1997.
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Mountain snowpack as of April 1, 2015, Portland, Oregon, 2015.
van der Molen, M. K., Dolman, A. J., Ciais, P., Eglin, T., Gobron, N., Law, B. E., Meir, P., Peters, W., Phillips, O. L., Reichstein, M., Chen, T., Dekker, S. C., Doubková, M., Friedl, M. A., Jung, M., van den Hurk, B. J. J. M., de Jeu, R. A. M., Kruijt, B., Ohta, T., Rebel, K. T., Plummer, S., Seneviratne, S. I., Sitch, S., Teuling, A. J., van der Werf, G. R., and Wang, G.: Drought and ecosystem carbon cycling, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 765–773, 2011.
van Mantgem, P. J., Stephenson, N. L., Byrne, J. C., Daniels, L. D., Franklin, J. F., Fulé, P. Z., Harmon, M. E., Larson, A. J., Smith, J. M., and Taylor, A. H.: Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States, Science, 323, 521–524, 2009.
Van Tuyl, S., Law, B., Turner, D., and Gitelman, A.: Variability in net primary production and carbon storage in biomass across Oregon forests – an assessment integrating data from forest inventories, intensive sites, and remote sensing, Forest Ecol. Manage., 209, 273–291, 2005.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., and López-Moreno, J. I.: A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, J. Climate, 23, 1696–1718, 2010.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Gouveia, C., Camarero, J. J., Beguería, S., Trigo, R., López-Moreno, J. I., Azorín-Molina, C., Pasho, E., Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Revuelto, J., Morán-Tejeda, E., and Sanchez-Lorenzo, A.: Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110, 52–57, 2013.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Camarero, J. J., and Azorin-Molina, C.: Diverse responses of forest growth to drought time-scales in the Northern Hemisphere, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 23, 1019–1030, 2014.
Walsh, J., Wuebbles, D., Hayhoe, K., Kossin, J., Kunkel, K., Stephens, G., Thorne, P., Vose, R., Wehner, M., Willis, J., Anderson, D., Doney, S., Feely, R., Hennon, P., Kharin, V., Knutson, T., Landerer, F., Lenton, T., Kennedy, J., and Somerville, R.: Our Changing Climate. In: Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, edited by: Melillo, J. M., Richmond, T. C., and Yohe, G. W., US Global Change Research Program, 2014.
Waring, R.: Estimating forest growth and ef?ciency in relation to canopy leaf area, Adv. Ecol. Res., 13, 327–354, 1983.
Waring, R., Coops, N., Mathys, A., Hilker, T., and Latta, G.: Process-Based Modeling to Assess the Effects of Recent Climatic Variation on Site Productivity and Forest Function across Western North America, Forests, 5, 518–534, 2014.
Wenzel, L. C.: Volume Tables for Young-growth Conifers in the Northern Regions of California, University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley, CA, 43 pp., 1977.
Westerling, A. L., Hidalgo, H. G., Cayan, D. R., and Swetnam, T. W.: Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity, Science, 313, 940–943, 2006.
Westoby, M. and Wright, I. J.: Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits, Trends Ecol. Evol., 21, 261–268, 2006.
Whitehead, D., Edwards, W. R. N., and Jarvis, P. G.: Conducting sapwood area, foliage area, and permeability in mature trees of Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta, Can. J. Forest Res., 14, 940–947, 1984.
Wiemann, M. C. and Williamson, G. B.: Geographic variation in wood specific gravity: effects of latitude, temperature, and precipitation, Wood Fiber Sci., 34, 96–107, 2002.
Willamette National Forest: Upper North Santiam Watershed Analysis, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Mill City, Oregon, 1995.
Williams, A. P., Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Griffin, D., Woodhouse, C. A., Meko, D. M., Swetnam, T. W., Rauscher, S. A., Seager, R., and Grissino-Mayer, H. D.: Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality, Nature Climate Change, 3, 292–297, 2012.
Williams, A. P., Seager, R., Macalady, A. K., Berkelhammer, M., Crimmins, M. A., Swetnam, T. W., Trugman, A. T., Buenning, N., Noone, D., and McDowell, N. G.: Correlations between components of the water balance and burned area reveal new insights for predicting forest fire area in the southwest United States, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 4, 14–26, 2014.
Williamson, G. B. and Wiemann, M. C.: Measuring wood specific gravity\ldots correctly, Am. J. Bot., 97, 519–524, 2010.
Willson, C. J., Manos, P. S., and Jackson, R. B.: Hydraulic traits are influenced by phylogenetic history in the drought-resistant, invasive genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae), Am. J. Bot., 95, 299–314, 2008.
Wilmking, M. and Juday, G. P.: Longitudinal variation of radial growth at Alaska's northern treeline – recent changes and possible scenarios for the 21st century, Global Planet. Change, 47, 282–300, 2005.
Woodhouse, C. A. and Overpeck, J. T.: 2000 years of drought variability in the central United States, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2693–2714, 1998.
Woodhouse, C. A., Meko, D. M., MacDonald, G. M., Stahle, D. W., and Cook, E. R.: A 1,200-year perspective of 21st century drought in southwestern North America, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 21283–21288, 2010.
Yamaguchi, D. K.: A simple method for cross-dating increment cores from living trees, Can. J. Forest Res., 21, 414–416, 1991.
Yang, R. C., Kozak, A., and Smith, J. H. G.: The potential of Weibull-type functions as flexible growth curves, Can. J. Forest Res., 8, 424–431, 1978.
Short summary
We investigated the role of water availability in shaping forest carbon cycling and conifer morphological traits in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon, a region that is expected to become warmer and drier in the coming century. Forest leaf area, productivity, and biomass were strongly related to mean annual water availability. Across the hydroclimatic gradient, trees exhibited interspecific variation in traits that balanced maintaining hydraulic function against the need to compete for light.
We investigated the role of water availability in shaping forest carbon cycling and conifer...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint