Articles | Volume 12, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7379-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7379-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Dec 2015
Research article |
| 16 Dec 2015
Composition and sources of sedimentary organic matter in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea
R. Pedrosa-Pàmies
GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
C. Parinos
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
A. Calafat
GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
M. Canals
GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
I. Bouloubassi
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), CNRS – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
N. Lampadariou
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Related authors
C. Parinos, A. Gogou, I. Bouloubassi, R. Pedrosa-Pàmies, I. Hatzianestis, A. Sanchez-Vidal, G. Rousakis, D. Velaoras, G. Krokos, and V. Lykousis
Biogeosciences, 10, 6069–6089, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6069-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6069-2013, 2013
A. Rumín-Caparrós, A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. Calafat, M. Canals, J. Martín, P. Puig, and R. Pedrosa-Pàmies
Biogeosciences, 10, 3493–3505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013, 2013
Helena Fos, Jesús Peña-Izquierdo, David Amblas, Marta Arjona-Camas, Laia Romero, Victor Estella-Pérez, Cristian Florindo-Lopez, Antoni Calafat-Frau, Marc Cerdà-Domènech, Pere Puig, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, and Anna Sanchez-Vidal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.174060515.57729804/v2, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.174060515.57729804/v2, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dense Shelf Water Cascading (DSWC) is an oceanographic process where dense shelf water rapidly spills over the shelf edge and cascades into the deep ocean. Using a high-resolution model that incorporates real observations from the water column and sea surface (MedSea Reanalysis), this study compares over 30 years of simulated intense DSWC with actual observations in the NW Mediterranean. We identified all the cascading events since 1987, with results closely matching the observations.
Marta Arjona-Camas, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, François Bourrin, Helena Fos, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, and David Amblas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1310, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1310, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines dense shelf-water and sediment transport in the Cap de Creus Canyon during the mild winter of 2021–2022, using multiplatform-observational data and the MedSea Reanalysis model. Results show dense shelf waters on the shelf and upper canyon, contributing to Western Intermediate Water. The canyon acts as a partial sink, with most dense water transport occurring along the coast. These events are expected to increase with climate change, favoring intermediate-water formation.
Júlia Crespin, Jordi Solé, and Miquel Canals
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-865, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-865, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the Offline Fennel model, a tool designed to simulate ocean biogeochemical processes efficiently. By using existing hydrodynamic data, the model significantly reduces computation time from 6 hours to just 30 minutes. We tested its accuracy in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and found it closely matches physical-biogeochemical coupled simulations. This model allows researchers to conduct more tests and simulations without the need for extensive computational resources.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, Javier P. Tarruella, José-Abel Flores, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Irene Llamas-Cano, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 21, 4051–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is regarded as a climate change hotspot. Documenting the population of planktonic foraminifera is crucial. In the Sicily Channel, fluxes are higher during winter and positively linked with chlorophyll a concentration and cool temperatures. A comparison with other Mediterranean sites shows the transitional aspect of the studied zone. Finally, modern populations significantly differ from those in the sediment, highlighting a possible effect of environmental change.
Yasser O. Abualnaja, Alexandra Pavlidou, James H. Churchill, Ioannis Hatzianestis, Dimitris Velaoras, Harilaos Kontoyiannis, Vassilis P. Papadopoulos, Aristomenis P. Karageorgis, Georgia Assimakopoulou, Helen Kaberi, Theodoros Kannelopoulos, Constantine Parinos, Christina Zeri, Dionysios Ballas, Elli Pitta, Vassiliki Paraskevopoulou, Afroditi Androni, Styliani Chourdaki, Vassileia Fioraki, Stylianos Iliakis, Georgia Kabouri, Angeliki Konstantinopoulou, Georgios Krokos, Dimitra Papageorgiou, Alkiviadis Papageorgiou, Georgios Pappas, Elvira Plakidi, Eleni Rousselaki, Ioanna Stavrakaki, Eleni Tzempelikou, Panagiota Zachioti, Anthi Yfanti, Theodore Zoulias, Abdulah Al Amoudi, Yasser Alshehri, Ahmad Alharbi, Hammad Al Sulami, Taha Boksmati, Rayan Mutwalli, and Ibrahim Hoteit
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1703–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present oceanographic measurements obtained during two surveillance cruises conducted in June and September 2021 in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. It is the first multidisciplinary survey within the Saudi Arabian coastal zone, extending from near the Saudi–Jordanian border in the north of the Red Sea to the south close to the Saudi--Yemen border and in the Arabian Gulf. The objective was to record the pollution status along the coastal zone of the kingdom related to specific pressures.
Irini Tsiodra, Georgios Grivas, Kalliopi Tavernaraki, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Maria Apostolaki, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Alexandra Gogou, Constantine Parinos, Konstantina Oikonomou, Maria Tsagkaraki, Pavlos Zarmpas, Athanasios Nenes, and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17865–17883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze observations from year-long measurements at Athens, Greece. Nighttime wintertime PAH levels are 4 times higher than daytime, and wintertime values are 15 times higher than summertime. Biomass burning aerosol during wintertime pollution events is responsible for these significant wintertime enhancements and accounts for 43 % of the population exposure to PAH carcinogenic risk. Biomass burning poses additional health risks beyond those associated with the high PM levels that develop.
Dagmar Hainbucher, Marta Álvarez, Blanca Astray Uceda, Giancarlo Bachi, Vanessa Cardin, Paolo Celentano, Spyros Chaikalis, Maria del Mar Chaves Montero, Giuseppe Civitarese, Noelia M. Fajar, Francois Fripiat, Lennart Gerke, Alexandra Gogou, Elisa F. Guallart, Birte Gülk, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Nico Lange, Andrea Rochner, Chiara Santinelli, Tobias Steinhoff, Toste Tanhua, Lidia Urbini, Dimitrios Velaoras, Fabian Wolf, and Andreas Welsch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2747–2763, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report on data from an oceanographic cruise in the Mediterranean Sea (MSM72, March 2018). The main objective of the cruise was to contribute to the understanding of long-term changes and trends in physical and biogeochemical parameters, such as the anthropogenic carbon uptake, and further assess the hydrographical situation after the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Transients. Multidisciplinary measurements were conducted on a predominantly
zonal section throughout the Mediterranean Sea.
Alessandra D'Angelo, Federico Giglio, Stefano Miserocchi, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Stefano Aliani, Tommaso Tesi, Angelo Viola, Mauro Mazzola, and Leonardo Langone
Biogeosciences, 15, 5343–5363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5343-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5343-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A 6-year time series of physical parameters and particle fluxes collected by a mooring in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) suggests that the subglacial and watershed run-off driven by air temperature are the main processes affecting the lithogenic supply. As the Arctic temperature rises, glacier material will increase accordingly. The winter inflow of warm Atlantic waters is progressively increasing, hampering the nutrient supply from the bottom waters and severely reducing the biological production.
Oscar Serrano, Paul S. Lavery, Carlos M. Duarte, Gary A. Kendrick, Antoni Calafat, Paul H. York, Andy Steven, and Peter I. Macreadie
Biogeosciences, 13, 4915–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4915-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4915-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between organic carbon and mud (i.e. silt and clay) contents in seagrass ecosystems to address whether mud can be used to predict soil C content, thereby enabling robust scaling up exercises at a low cost as part of blue carbon stock assessments. We show that mud is not a universal proxy for blue carbon content in seagrass ecosystems, but it can be used to estimate soil Corg content when low biomass seagrass species (i.e. Zostera, Halodule and Halophila) are present.
Mercè Cisneros, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Miquel Canals, Pere Masqué, Belen Martrat, Marta Casado, Joan O. Grimalt, Leopoldo D. Pena, Giulia Margaritelli, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 12, 849–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution multi-proxy study about the evolution of sea surface conditions along the last 2700 yr in the north-western Mediterranean Sea based on five sediment records from two different sites north of Minorca. The novelty of the results and the followed approach, constructing stack records from the studied proxies to preserve the most robust patterns, provides a special value to the study. This complex period appears to have significant regional changes in the climatic signal.
C. Lavoie, E. W. Domack, E. C. Pettit, T. A. Scambos, R. D. Larter, H.-W. Schenke, K. C. Yoo, J. Gutt, J. Wellner, M. Canals, J. B. Anderson, and D. Amblas
The Cryosphere, 9, 613–629, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-613-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-613-2015, 2015
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, V. Artale, G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi, S. Brenner, A. Crise, M. Gacic, N. Kress, S. Marullo, M. Ribera d'Alcalà, S. Sofianos, T. Tanhua, A. Theocharis, M. Alvarez, Y. Ashkenazy, A. Bergamasco, V. Cardin, S. Carniel, G. Civitarese, F. D'Ortenzio, J. Font, E. Garcia-Ladona, J. M. Garcia-Lafuente, A. Gogou, M. Gregoire, D. Hainbucher, H. Kontoyannis, V. Kovacevic, E. Kraskapoulou, G. Kroskos, A. Incarbona, M. G. Mazzocchi, M. Orlic, E. Ozsoy, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, W. Roether, A. Rubino, K. Schroeder, J. Siokou-Frangou, E. Souvermezoglou, M. Sprovieri, J. Tintoré, and G. Triantafyllou
Ocean Sci., 10, 281–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
M. Higueras, P. Kerhervé, A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. Calafat, W. Ludwig, M. Verdoit-Jarraya, S. Heussner, and M. Canals
Biogeosciences, 11, 157–172, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-157-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-157-2014, 2014
S. Stavrakakis, A. Gogou, E. Krasakopoulou, A. P. Karageorgis, H. Kontoyiannis, G. Rousakis, D. Velaoras, L. Perivoliotis, G. Kambouri, I. Stavrakaki, and V. Lykousis
Biogeosciences, 10, 7235–7254, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7235-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7235-2013, 2013
C. Parinos, A. Gogou, I. Bouloubassi, R. Pedrosa-Pàmies, I. Hatzianestis, A. Sanchez-Vidal, G. Rousakis, D. Velaoras, G. Krokos, and V. Lykousis
Biogeosciences, 10, 6069–6089, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6069-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6069-2013, 2013
N. Lampadariou, V. Kalogeropoulou, K. Sevastou, K. Keklikoglou, and J. Sarrazin
Biogeosciences, 10, 5381–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5381-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5381-2013, 2013
K. Sevastou, N. Lampadariou, P. N. Polymenakou, and A. Tselepides
Biogeosciences, 10, 4861–4878, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4861-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4861-2013, 2013
C. Theodosi, C. Parinos, A. Gogou, A. Kokotos, S. Stavrakakis, V. Lykousis, J. Hatzianestis, and N. Mihalopoulos
Biogeosciences, 10, 4449–4464, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4449-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4449-2013, 2013
A. Rumín-Caparrós, A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. Calafat, M. Canals, J. Martín, P. Puig, and R. Pedrosa-Pàmies
Biogeosciences, 10, 3493–3505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013, 2013
P. Lopez-Fernandez, S. Bianchelli, A. Pusceddu, A. Calafat, A. Sanchez-Vidal, and R. Danovaro
Biogeosciences, 10, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3405-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3405-2013, 2013
J. Martín, X. Durrieu de Madron, P. Puig, F. Bourrin, A. Palanques, L. Houpert, M. Higueras, A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. M. Calafat, M. Canals, S. Heussner, N. Delsaut, and C. Sotin
Biogeosciences, 10, 3221–3239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3221-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3221-2013, 2013
A. Dell'Anno, A. Pusceddu, C. Corinaldesi, M. Canals, S. Heussner, L. Thomsen, and R. Danovaro
Biogeosciences, 10, 2945–2957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2945-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2945-2013, 2013
A. Pusceddu, M. Mea, M. Canals, S. Heussner, X. Durrieu de Madron, A. Sanchez-Vidal, S. Bianchelli, C. Corinaldesi, A. Dell'Anno, L. Thomsen, and R. Danovaro
Biogeosciences, 10, 2659–2670, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2659-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2659-2013, 2013
M. Stabholz, X. Durrieu de Madron, M. Canals, A. Khripounoff, I. Taupier-Letage, P. Testor, S. Heussner, P. Kerhervé, N. Delsaut, L. Houpert, G. Lastras, and B. Dennielou
Biogeosciences, 10, 1097–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1097-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1097-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Ocean alkalinity enhancement in an open-ocean ecosystem: biogeochemical responses and carbon storage durability
Relationships between the concentration of particulate organic nitrogen and the inherent optical properties of seawater in oceanic surface waters
Inadequacies in the representation of sub-seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Earth system models
Composite model-based estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022
Phytoplankton community structure in relation to iron and macronutrient fluxes from subsurface waters in the western North Pacific during summer
Intense and localized export of selected marine snow types at eddy edges in the South Atlantic Ocean
Spatial distributions of iron and manganese in surface waters of the Arctic's Laptev and East Siberian seas
Climate-driven shifts in Southern Ocean primary producers and biogeochemistry in CMIP6 models
Ocean acidification trends and carbonate system dynamics across the North Atlantic subpolar gyre water masses during 2009–2019
Pelagic coccolithophore production and dissolution and their impacts on particulate inorganic carbon cycling in the western North Pacific
Marine snow morphology drives sinking and attenuation in the ocean interior
Sedimentary organic matter signature hints at the phytoplankton-driven biological carbon pump in the central Arabian Sea
Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial patterns on the climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry
Assessing the tropical Atlantic biogeochemical processes in the Norwegian Earth System Model
Evolution of oxygen and stratification and their relationship in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth system models
Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance in simulating historical biogeochemistry across the southern South China Sea
Drivers of decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink in the past, present, and future in Earth system models
Anthropogenic carbon storage and its decadal changes in the Atlantic between 1990–2020
Ocean alkalinity enhancement impacts: regrowth of marine microalgae in alkaline mineral concentrations simulating the initial concentrations after ship-based dispersions
An upper mesopelagic zone carbon budget for the subarctic North Pacific
Climatic controls on metabolic constraints in the ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
A time series analysis of transparent exopolymer particle distributions and C:N stoichiometry in the subtropical North Pacific: a key process in net community production and preformed nitrate anomalies?
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Allanah Joy Paul, Mathias Haunost, Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Jens Hartmann, Nicolás Sánchez, Julieta Schneider, Niels Suitner, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 22, 2749–2766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2749-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2749-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is being assessed for its potential to absorb atmospheric CO2 and store it for a long time. OAE still needs comprehensive assessment of its safety and effectiveness. We studied an idealised OAE application in a natural low-nutrient ecosystem over 1 month. Our results showed that biogeochemical functioning remained mostly stable but that the long-term capability for storing carbon may be limited at high alkalinity concentration.
Alain Fumenia, Hubert Loisel, Rick A. Reynolds, and Dariusz Stramski
Biogeosciences, 22, 2461–2484, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2461-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2461-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate organic nitrogen (PON) plays a central role in ocean biogeochemistry, yet limited in situ data hinder a full understanding of PON variability and associated processes. Measurements of optical properties offer an alternative for assessing PON across diverse marine environments. Our analysis reveals strong relationships between PON and optical properties, supporting a promising means to assess PON from optical measurements performed in situ or conducted from remote-sensing platforms.
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi, Olivier Aumont, Lester Kwiatkowski, and Marina Levy
Biogeosciences, 22, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed how well climate models replicate sub-seasonal changes in ocean chlorophyll observed by satellites. Models struggle to capture these variations accurately. Some overestimate fluctuations and their impact on annual chlorophyll variability, while others underestimate them. The underestimation is likely due to limited model resolution, while the overestimation may come from internal model oscillations.
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 22, 1631–1649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1631-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1631-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a major natural carbon sink. Despite its importance, estimates of the ocean carbon sink remain uncertain. Here, I present a hybrid model estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022. By combining ocean models in hindcast mode and Earth system models, I keep the strength of each approach and remove the respective weaknesses. This composite model estimate is similar in magnitude to the best estimate of the Global Carbon Budget but 70 % less uncertain.
Huailin Deng, Koji Suzuki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Jun Nishioka
Biogeosciences, 22, 1495–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) and nitrate are vital for primary production in the North Pacific. Sedimentary Fe is carried by North Pacific Intermediate Water to the North Pacific, but the nutrient return path and its effect on phytoplankton are unclear. By combining Fe and macronutrient fluxes with phytoplankton composition, this study firstly revealed that Fe supply from the subsurface greatly controls diatom abundance and identified the nutrient return path in the subarctic gyre and Kuroshio–Oyashio transition area.
Alexandre Accardo, Rémi Laxenaire, Alberto Baudena, Sabrina Speich, Rainer Kiko, and Lars Stemmann
Biogeosciences, 22, 1183–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The open ocean helps mitigate climate change by storing CO2 via the biological carbon pump (BCP), which involves processes like organic carbon production at the surface and transferring it to the deep ocean via various pathways. By deploying an autonomous platform, we found significant marine snow accumulation from the surface to the mesopelagic zone in frontal regions between eddies. We suggest that the coupling of hydrodynamics at eddy edges and biological activity may enhance this process.
Naoya Kanna, Kazutaka Tateyama, Takuji Waseda, Anna Timofeeva, Maria Papadimitraki, Laura Whitmore, Hajime Obata, Daiki Nomura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Youhei Yamashita, and Igor Polyakov
Biogeosciences, 22, 1057–1076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents data on iron and manganese, essential micronutrients for primary producers in the Arctic Laptev and East Siberian seas (LESS). There, observations were made through international cooperation with the Nansen and Amundsen Basin Observational System expedition during the late summer of 2021. The results from this study indicate that the major sources controlling the iron and manganese distributions on the LESS continental margins are river discharge and shelf sediment input.
Ben J. Fisher, Alex J. Poulton, Michael P. Meredith, Kimberlee Baldry, Oscar Schofield, and Sian F. Henley
Biogeosciences, 22, 975–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-975-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-975-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean is a rapidly warming environment, with subsequent impacts on ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. This study examines changes in phytoplankton and biogeochemistry using a range of climate models. Under climate change, the Southern Ocean will be warmer, more acidic and more productive and will have reduced nutrient availability by 2100. However, there is substantial variability between models across key productivity parameters. We propose ways of reducing this uncertainty.
David Curbelo-Hernández, Fiz F. Pérez, Melchor González-Dávila, Sergey V. Gladyshev, Aridane G. González, David González-Santana, Antón Velo, Alexey Sokov, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 5561–5589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5561-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5561-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluated CO2–carbonate system dynamics in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre during 2009–2019. Significant ocean acidification, largely due to rising anthropogenic CO2 levels, was found. Cooling, freshening, and enhanced convective processes intensified this trend, affecting calcite and aragonite saturation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ocean acidification and improve our knowledge about its impact on marine ecosystems.
Yuye Han, Zvi Steiner, Zhimian Cao, Di Fan, Junhui Chen, Jimin Yu, and Minhan Dai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3492, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3492, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophore calcite accounts for a major fraction of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) standing stocks in the western North Pacific, with a markedly higher contribution in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre than in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region, which highlights the importance of coccolithophores for PIC production in the pelagic ocean. We also found extensive dissolution of coccolithophore calcite in the oversaturated shallow waters primarily driven by microbial metabolic activity.
Yawouvi Dodji Soviadan, Miriam Beck, Joelle Habib, Alberto Baudena, Laetitia Drago, Alexandre Accardo, Remi Laxenaire, Sabrina Speich, Peter Brandt, Rainer Kiko, and Lars Stemmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3302, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3302, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Key parameters representing the gravity flux in global models are the sinking speed and the vertical attenuation of the exported material. We calculate for the first time, these parameters in situ for 6 intermittent blooms followed by export events using high-resolution (3 days) time series of 0–1000 m depth profiles from imaging sensor mounted on an Argo float. We show that sinking speed depends not only on size but also on the morphology of the particles, density being an important property.
Medhavi Pandey, Haimanti Biswas, Daniel Birgel, Nicole Burdanowitz, and Birgit Gaye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4681–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed sea surface temperature (SST) proxy and plankton biomarkers in sediments that accumulate sinking material signatures from surface waters in the central Arabian Sea (21°–11° N, 64° E), a tropical basin impacted by monsoons. We saw a north–south SST gradient, and the biological proxies showed more organic matter from larger algae in the north. Smaller algae and zooplankton were more numerous in the south. These trends were related to ocean–atmospheric processes and oxygen availability.
Allison Hogikyan and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 21, 4621–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising atmospheric CO2 influences ocean carbon chemistry, leading to ocean acidification. Global warming introduces spatial patterns in the intensity of ocean acidification. We show that the most prominent spatial patterns are controlled by warming-driven changes in rainfall and evaporation, not by the direct effect of warming on carbon chemistry and pH. These evaporation and rainfall patterns oppose acidification in saltier parts of the ocean and enhance acidification in fresher regions.
Shunya Koseki, Lander R. Crespo, Jerry Tjiputra, Filippa Fransner, Noel S. Keenlyside, and David Rivas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4149–4168, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how the physical biases of an Earth system model influence the marine biogeochemical processes in the tropical Atlantic. With four different configurations of the model, we have shown that the versions with better SST reproduction tend to better represent the primary production and air–sea CO2 flux in terms of climatology, seasonal cycle, and response to climate variability.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences, 21, 3985–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and analyzed its predictability, a strong O2–IPV connection, and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This opens new routes for monitoring ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Winfred Marshal, Jing Xiang Chung, Nur Hidayah Roseli, Roswati Md Amin, and Mohd Fadzil Bin Mohd Akhir
Biogeosciences, 21, 4007–4035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study stands out for thoroughly examining CMIP6 ESMs' ability to simulate biogeochemical variables in the southern South China Sea, an economically important region. It assesses variables like chlorophyll, phytoplankton, nitrate, and oxygen on annual and seasonal scales. While global assessments exist, this study addresses a gap by objectively ranking 13 CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry models' performance at a regional level, focusing on replicating specific observed biogeochemical variables.
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 21, 3903–3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the ocean’s importance in the carbon cycle and hence the climate, observing the ocean carbon sink remains challenging. Here, I use an ensemble of 12 models to understand drivers of decadal trends of the past, present, and future ocean carbon sink. I show that 80 % of the decadal trends in the multi-model mean ocean carbon sink can be explained by changes in decadal trends in atmospheric CO2. The remaining 20 % are due to internal climate variability and ocean heat uptake.
Reiner Steinfeldt, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke
Biogeosciences, 21, 3839–3867, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the amount of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Atlantic for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Cant is the carbon that is taken up by the ocean as a result of humanmade CO2 emissions. To determine the amount of Cant, we apply a technique that is based on the observations of other humanmade gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons). Regionally, changes in ocean ventilation have an impact on the storage of Cant. Overall, the increase in Cant is driven by the rising CO2 in the atmosphere.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, August E. Dessen Tobiesen, Andrew L. King, and Erik Höglund
Biogeosciences, 21, 3677–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the ocean might reduce excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amounts because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating the expected concentrations from a ship's dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide.
Brandon Stephens, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Amy Maas, Vinícius Amaral, Samantha Clevenger, Shawnee Traylor, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Philip Boyd, Ken Buesseler, Craig Carlson, Nicolas Cassar, Margaret Estapa, Andrea Fassbender, Yibin Huang, Phoebe Lam, Olivier Marchal, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Nicola Paul, Alyson Santoro, David Siegel, and David Nicholson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2251, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2251, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean’s mesopelagic zone (MZ) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. This study combines new and previously published measurements of organic carbon supply and demand collected in August 2018 for the MZ in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. Supply was insufficient to meet demand in August, but supply entering into the MZ in the spring of 2018 could have met the August demand. Results suggest observations over seasonal time scales may help to close MZ carbon budgets.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
Biogeosciences, 21, 3477–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that capture the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen and a CESM1 large ensemble to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitats in the future. We find that warming and dissolved oxygen loss over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitats and will increase organisms' vulnerability to extremes.
Charly A. Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart T. Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai G. Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3463–3475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain sizes dissolved faster but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain sizes are optimal for kinetics.
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
Biogeosciences, 21, 3121–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification are sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and in size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
Kieran Curran, Tracy Villareal, and Robert T. Letscher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1416, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1416, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides a two year record of marine organic gel concentrations from an open ocean site in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii. These microscopic gels are investigated to understand their importance as an understudied component of organic matter cycling by marine microbes. We find an important role for gel cycling during the summer months, helping explain previously contradictory estimates of nutrient supply and demand for the subtropical ocean.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Cited articles
Amblàs, D., Canals, M., Lastras, G., Berné, S., and Loubrieu, B.: Imaging the Seascapes of the Mediterranean, Oceanography, 17, 144–155, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2004.11, 2004.
Bensi, M., Cardin, V., Rubino, A., Notarstefano, G., and Poulain, P. M.: Effects of winter convection on the deep layer of the Southern Adriatic Sea in 2012, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 6064–6075, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009432, 2013.
Bergamaschi, B. A., Tsamakis, E., Keil, R. G., Eglinton, T. I., Montluçon, D. B., and Hedges, J. I.: The effect of grain size and surface area on organic matter, lignin and carbohydrate concentration, and molecular compositions in Peru Margin sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 1247–1260, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00394-8, 1997.
Bethoux, J. P.: Budgets of the Mediterranean Sea. Their dependence on the local climate and on the characteristics of the Atlantic waters, Oceanol. Acta, 2, 157–163, 1979.
Bethoux, J. P.: Oxygen consumption, new production, vertical advection and environmental evolution in the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 769–781, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90150-7, 1989.
Bianchi, A., Tholosan, O., Garcin, J., Polychronaki, T., Tselepides, A., Buscail, R., and Duineveld, G.: Microbial activities at the benthic boundary layer in the Aegean Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 57, 219–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(03)00034-X, 2003.
Blott, S. J. and Pye, K.: GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 26, 1237–1248, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261, 2001.
Bosc, E., Bricaud, A., and Antoine, D.: Seasonal and interannual variability in algal biomass and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea, as derived from 4 years of SeaWiFS observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB1005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002034, 2004.
Bouloubassi, I., Lipiatou, E., Saliot, A., Tolosa, I., Bayona, J. M., and Albaigés, J.: Carbon sources and cycle in the western Mediterranean-the use of molecular markers to determine the origin of organic matter, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44, 781–799, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00094-X, 1997.
Burdige, D. J.: Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments: controls, mechanisms, and an imbalance in sediment organic carbon budgets?, Chem. Rev., 107, 467–485, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050347q, 2007.
Canals, M., Danovaro, R., Heussner, S., Lykousis, V., Puig, P., Trincardi, F., Calafat, A., Durrieu de Madron, X., and Palanques, A.: Cascades in Mediterranean Submarine Grand Canyons, Oceanography, 22, 26–43, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.03, 2009.
Carlier, A., Ritt, B., Rodrigues, C. F., Sarrazin, J., Olu, K., Grall, J., and Clavier, J.: Heterogeneous energetic pathways and carbon sources on deep eastern Mediterranean cold seep communities, Mar. Biol., 157, 2545–2565, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1518-1, 2010.
Castro-Jiménez, J., Berrojalbiz, N., Wollgast, J., and Dachs, J.: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Mediterranean Sea: atmospheric occurrence, deposition and decoupling with settling fluxes in the water column, Environ. Pollut., 166, 40–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.003, 2012.
Chester, R., Baxter, G. G., Behairy, A. K. A., Connor, K., Cross, D., Elderfield, H., and Padgham, R. C.: Soil-sized eolian dusts from the lower troposphere of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Geol., 24, 201–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(77)90028-7, 1977.
Collatz, G. J., Berry, J. a., and Clark, J. S.: Effects of climate and atmospheric CO2 partial pressure on the global distribution of C4 grasses: present, past, and future, Oecologia, 114, 441–454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050468, 1998.
Collister, J. W., Rieley, G., Stern, B., Eglinton, G., and Fry, B.: Compound-specific δ13C analyses of leaf lipids from plants with differing carbon dioxide metabolisms, Org. Geochem., 21, 619–627, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(94)90008-6, 1994.
Correggiari, A., Guerzoni, S., Lenaz, R., Quarantotto, G., and Rampazzo, G.: Dust deposition in the central Mediterranean (Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas): relationships with marine sediments and riverine input, Terra Nova, 1, 549–558, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00431.x, 1989.
Cros, L.: Calcareous nannoplankton in surficial sediments of the Catalano-Balearic Sea (northeastern Mediterranean), in: 5th INA Conference in Salamanca Proceedings, 47–59, 1995.
Danovaro, R., Company, J. B., Corinaldesi, C., D'Onghia, G., Galil, B., Gambi, C., Gooday, A. J., Lampadariou, N., Luna, G. M., Morigi, C., Olu, K., Polymenakou, P. N., Ramirez-Llodra, E., Sabbatini, A., Sardà, F., Sibuet, M., and Tselepides, A.: Deep-sea biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea: the known, the unknown, and the unknowable, PLoS One, 5, e11832, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011832, 2010.
Danovaro, R., Company, J. B., Corinaldesi, C., D'Onghia, G., Galil, B., Gambi, C., Gooday, A. J., Lampadariou, N., Luna, G. M., Morigi, C., Olu, K., Polymenakou, P. N., Ramirez-Llodra, E., Sabbatini, A., Sardà, F., Sibuet, M. and Tselepides, A.: Deep-sea biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea: the known, the unknown, and the unknowable., PLoS One, 5, e11832, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011832, 2010.
Di Leonardo, R., Vizzini, S., Bellanca, A., and Mazzola, A.: Sedimentary record of anthropogenic contaminants (trace metals and PAHs) and organic matter in a Mediterranean coastal area (Gulf of Palermo, Italy), J. Marine Syst., 78, 136–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.04.004, 2009.
Durrieu de Madron, X., Abassi, A., Heussner, S., Monaco, A., Aloisi, J. C., Radakovitch, O., Giresse, P., Buscail, R., and Kerherve, P.: Particulate matter and organic carbon budgets for the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean), Oceanol. Acta, 23, 717–730, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)00119-5, 2000.
Eglinton, G. and Hamilton, R. J.: Leaf epicuticular waxes, Science, 156, 1322–1335, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3780.1322, 1967.
Eglinton, T. I., Eglinton, G., Dupont, L., Sholkovitz, E. R., Montluçon, D., and Reddy, C. M.: Composition, age, and provenance of organic matter in NW African dust over the Atlantic Ocean, Geochemistry, Geophys. Geosystems, 3, 1–27, 2002.
Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Hamann, Y., Kuhnt, T., Hemleben, C., and Siebel, W.: Clay minerals in late glacial and Holocene sediments of the northern and southern Aegean Sea, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 249, 36–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.01.004, 2007.
Emelyanov, E. M. and Shimkus, K. M.: Geochemistry and Sedimentology of the Mediterranean Sea, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1986.
Folk, R. L. and Ward, W. C.: Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters, J. Sediment. Res., 27, 3–26, https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1957.
Frenz, M., Baumann, K. H., Boeckel, B., Hoppner, R., and Henrich, R.: Quantification of foraminifer and coccolith carbonate in South Atlantic surface sediments by means of carbonate grain-size distributions, J. Sediment. Res., 75, 464–475, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.036, 2005.
Friedman, G. M.: Trace elements as possible environmental indicators in carbonate sediments, in: Depos. Environ. Carbonate Rocks, 193–198, 1969.
Friligos, N., Moriki, A., Sklivagou, E., Krasakopoulou, E., and Hatzianestis, I.: Geochemical characteristics of the surficial sediments of the Aegean Sea, in: 3rd MTP-MATER Workshop, Rhodos, vol. 35, 28–209, 1998.
Garcia-Orellana, J., Pates, J. M., Masqué, P., Bruach, J. M., and Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A.: Distribution of artificial radionuclides in deep sediments of the Mediterranean Sea, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 887–898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.018, 2009.
Goericke, R. and Fry, B.: Variations of marine plankton δ13C with latitude, temperature, and dissolved CO2 in the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 8, 85–90, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB03272, 1994.
Gogou, A. and Stephanou, E. G.: Marine organic geochemistry of the Eastern Mediterranean, Mar. Chem., 85, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2003.08.005, 2004.
Gogou, A., Stratigakis, N., Kanakidou, M., and Stephanou, E. G.: Organic aerosols in Eastern Mediterranean: components source reconciliation by using molecular markers and atmospheric back trajectories, Org. Geochem., 25, 79–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(96)00105-2, 1996.
Gogou, A., Apostolaki, M., and Stephanou, E. G.: Determination of organic molecular markers in marine aerosols and sediments: one-step flash chromatography compound class fractionation and capillary gas chromatographic analysis, J. Chromatogr. A, 799, 215–231, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01106-0, 1998.
Gogou, A., Bouloubassi, I., and Stephanou, E. G.: Marine organic geochemistry of the Eastern Mediterranean: 1. aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Cretan Sea surficial sediments, Mar. Chem., 68, 265–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00082-1, 2000.
Gogou, A., Bouloubassi, I., Lykousis, V., Arnaboldi, M., Gaitani, P., and Meyers, P. A.: Organic geochemical evidence of Late Glacial–Holocene climate instability in the North Aegean Sea, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 256, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.08.002, 2007.
Gogou, A., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Durrieu de Madron, X., Stavrakakis, S., Calafat, A., Stabholz, M., Psarra, S., Canals, M., Heussner, S., Stavrakaki, I., and Papathanassiou, E.: Carbon flux to the deep in three open sites of the Southern European Seas (SES), J. Marine Syst., 129, 224–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.05.013, 2014.
Goñi, M. A., Ruttenberg, K. C., and Eglinton, T. I.: A reassessment of the sources and importance of land-derived organic matter in surface sediments from the Gulf of Mexico, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 62, 3055–3075, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00217-8, 1998.
Goñi, M. A., Teixeira, M. J., and Perkey, D. W.: Sources and distribution of organic matter in a river-dominated estuary (Winyah Bay, SC, USA), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 57, 1023–1048, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00008-8, 2003.
Goñi, M. A., Monacci, N., Gisewhite, R., Ogston, A., Crockett, J., and Nittrouer, C.: Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter in the water column and sediments of the Fly River Delta, Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 69, 225–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.012, 2006.
Goudeau, M.-L. S., Grauel, A.-L., Bernasconi, S. M., and de Lange, G. J.: Provenance of surface sediments along the southeastern Adriatic coast off Italy: an overview, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 134, 45–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.09.009, 2013.
Gough, M. A. and Rowland, S. J.: Characterization of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons in petroleum, Nature, 344, 648–650, https://doi.org/10.1038/344648a0, 1990.
Grice, K., Klein Breteler, W., Schouten, S., Grossi, V., Leeuw, J. W., and Damsté, J. S. S.: Effects of zooplankton herbivory on biomarker proxy records, Paleoceanography, 13, 686–693, https://doi.org/10.1029/98PA01871, 1998.
Grimalt, J. O. and Albaigés, J.: Characterization of the depositional environments of the Ebro Delta (western Mediterranean) by the study of sedimentary lipid markers, Mar. Geol., 95, 207–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(90)90117-3, 1990.
Guerzoni, S. and Molinaroli, E.: Input of various chemicals transported by Saharan dust and depositing at the sea surface in the Mediterranean Sea, Environ. Chem., 5, 237–268, https://doi.org/10.1007/b107149, 2005.
Guerzoni, S., Chester, R., Dulac, F., Herut, B., Loÿe-Pilot, M.-D., Measures, C., Migon, C., Molinaroli, E., Moulin, C., Rossini, P., Saydam, C., Soudine, A., and Ziveri, P.: The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 44, 147–190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00024-5, 1999.
Hamann, Y., Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Krüger, S., Stuut, J.-B., and Kuhnt, T.: Sedimentation processes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Late Glacial and Holocene revealed by end-member modelling of the terrigenous fraction in marine sediments, Mar. Geol., 248, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.10.009, 2008.
Harmelin-Vivien, M., Loizeau, V., Mellon, C., and Beker, B.: Comparison of C and N stable isotope ratios between surface particulate organic matter and microphytoplankton in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean), Cont. Shelf Res., 28, 1911–1919, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.002, 2008.
Hedges, J. I. and Keil, R. G.: Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis, Mar. Chem., 49, 81–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00008-F, 1995.
Hedges, J. I. and Oades, J. M.: Comparative organic geochemistries of soils and marine sediments, Org. Geochem., 27, 319–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00056-9, 1997.
Hedges, J. I., Keil, R. G., and Benner, R.: What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean?, Org. Geochem., 27, 195–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00066-1, 1997.
Heussner, S., Calafat, A., and Palanques, A.: Quantitative and qualitative features of particle fluxes in the North-Balearic Basin, in: EUROMARGE-NB Final Report, edited by: Canals, M., Casamor, J. L., Cacho, I., Calafat, A. M., Monaco, A., MAST II Program, EC, 2, 41–66, 1996.
Hopmans, E. C., Weijers, J. W.., Schefuß, E., Herfort, L., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 224, 107–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.012, 2004.
Hu, J., Peng, P., Jia, G., Mai, B., and Zhang, G.: Distribution and sources of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes in sediments of the subtropical Pearl River estuary and adjacent shelf, Southern China, Mar. Chem., 98, 274–285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.03.008, 2006.
IOC, IHO and BODC: Centenary edition of the GEBCO digital atlas, published on CD-ROM on behalf of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization as part of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, Liverpool, UK, 2003.
Jickells, T. D.: Atmospheric inputs of metals and nutrients to the oceans: their magnitude and effects, Mar. Chem., 48, 199–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)92784-P, 1995.
Jickells, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., laRoche, J., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M., Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.: Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308, 67–71, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105959, 2005.
Kaiser, J., Ruggieri, N., Hefter, J., Siegel, H., Mollenhauer, G., Arz, H. W., and Lamy, F.: Lipid biomarkers in surface sediments from the gulf of genoa, Ligurian sea (NW Mediterranean sea) and their potential for the reconstruction of palaeo-environments, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 89, 68–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.009, 2014.
Kelepertsis, A. E., Alexakis, D. E., Nastos, P. T., and Kanellopoulou, E. A.: The presence of volcanic ash in the western Greece and its association with the eruption of the Etna volcano, Italy, consequences on the environment, in: 8th International Conference on Environmantal Science and Technology, Lemnos Island, Greece, 408–415, 2003.
Kemp, A. E. S., Pearce, R. B., Koizumi, I., Pike, J., and Rance, S. J.: The role of mat-forming diatoms in the formation of Mediterranean sapropels, Nature, 398, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.1038/18001, 1999.
Kontoyiannis, H., Balopoulos, E., Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pavlidou, A., Assimakopoulou, G., and Papageorgiou, E.: The hydrology and biochemistry of the Cretan Straits (Antikithira and Kassos Straits) revisited in the period June 1997–May 1998, J. Marine Syst., 53, 37–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.06.007, 2005.
Krom, M. D., Groom, S., and Zohary, T.: The Eastern Mediterranean, the Biogeo., edited by: Black, G. B. and Shimmield, K. D., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 91–122, 2003.
Krom, M. D., Woodward, E. M. S., Herut, B., Kress, N., Carbo, P., Mantoura, R. F. C., Spyres, G., Thingstad, T. F., Wassmann, P., Wexels-Riser, C., Kitidis, V., Law, C. S., and Zodiatis, G.: Nutrient cycling in the south east Levantine basin of the eastern Mediterranean: results from a phosphorus starved system, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 2879–2896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.08.009, 2005.
Larnicol, G., Ayoub, N., and Le Traon, P. Y.: Major changes in Mediterranean Sea level variability from 7 years of TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2 data, J. Marine Syst., 33–34, 63–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00053-2, 2002.
Lascaratos, A., Williams, R. G., and Tragou, E.: A mixed-layer study of the formation of Levantine intermediate water, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14739, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JC00912, 1993.
Lascaratos, A., Roether, W., Nittis, K., and Klein, B.: Recent changes in deep water formation and spreading in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: a review, Prog. Oceanogr., 44, 5–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00019-1, 1999.
Lutz, M., Dunbar, R., and Caldeira, K.: Regional variability in the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon in the ocean interior, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 11-1–11-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001383, 2002.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and Hecht, A.: Large-scale properties of the eastern mediterranean-A review, Oceanol. Acta, 11(4), 323–335, 1988.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Manca, B. B., Alcala, M. R. D., Bergamasco, A., Bregant, D., and Georgopoulos, D.: A synthesis of the Ionian Sea hydrography, circulation and water mass pathways during POEM-Phase I, Prog. Oceanogr., 39, 153–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(97)00013-X, 1997.
Manca, B. B., Kovacević, V., Gacić, M., and Viezzoli, D.: Dense water formation in the Southern Adriatic Sea and spreading into the Ionian Sea in the period 1997–1999, J. Mar. Syst., 33–34, 133–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00056-8, 2002.
Marlowe, I. T., Green, J. C., Neal, A. C., Brassell, S. C., Eglinton, G., and Course, P. A.: Long chain (n-C37–C39) alkenones in the Prymnesiophyceae. Distribution of alkenones and other lipids and their taxonomic significance, Brit. Phycol. J., 19, 203–216, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071618400650221, 1984.
Masqué, P., Fabres, J., Canals, M., Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Cacho, I., Calafat, A., and Bruach, J. M.: Accumulation rates of major constituents of hemipelagic sediments in the deep Alboran Sea: a centennial perspective of sedimentary dynamics, Mar. Geol., 193, 207–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00593-5, 2003.
Mayer, L. M.: Relationships between mineral surfaces and organic carbon concentrations in soils and sediments, Chem. Geol., 114, 347–363, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90063-9, 1994.
Meador, T. B., Gogou, A., Spyres, G., Herndl, G. J., Krasakopoulou, E., Psarra, S., Yokokawa, T., De Corte, D., Zervakis, V., and Repeta, D. J.: Biogeochemical relationships between ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter and picoplankton activity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 1460–1477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.02.015, 2010.
Medimap Group: Morpho-bathymetry of the Mediterranean Sea, E: 1=2 000 000, CIESM/Ifremer Sp. Publ., Maps and Atlases, two maps (Western Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean), Montecarlo/Brest, Monaco/France, 2007.
Meyers, P. A.: Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter, Chem. Geol., 114, 289–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0, 1994.
Meyers, P. A.: Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes, Org. Geochem., 27, 213–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00049-1, 1997.
Meyers, P. A. and Arnaboldi, M.: Paleoceanographic implications of nitrogen and organic carbon isotopic excursions in mid-Pleistocene sapropels from the Tyrrhenian and Levantine Basins, Mediterranean Sea, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 266, 112–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.018, 2008.
Meyers, P. A., Silliman, J. E., and Shaw, T. J.: Effects of turbidity flows on organic matter accumulation, sulfate reduction, and methane generation in deep-sea sediments on the Iberia Abyssal Plain, Org. Geochem., 25, 69–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(96)00106-4, 1996.
Milliff, R. F. and Robinson, A. R.: Structure and dynamics of the Rhodes gyre system and dynamical interpolation for estimates of the mesoscale variability, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 317–337, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0317:SADOTR>2.0.CO;2, 1992.
Millot, C. and Taupier-Letage, I.: Additional evidence of LIW entrainment across the Algerian subbasin by mesoscale eddies and not by a permanent westward flow, Prog. Oceanogr., 66, 231–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2004.03.002, 2005.
Mortlock, R. A. and Froelich, P. N.: A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1415–1426, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90092-7, 1989.
Müller, P. J.: C/N ratios in Pacific deep-sea sediments: effect of inorganic ammonium and organic nitrogen compounds sorbed by clays, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 41, 765–776, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(77)90047-3, 1977.
Nieuwenhuize, J., Maas, Y. E. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Rapid analysis of organic carbon and nitrogen in particulate materials, Mar. Chem., 45, 217–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90005-1, 1994.
Ohkouchi, N., Kawamura, K., Kawahata, H., and Taira, A.: Latitudinal distributions of terrestrial biomarkers in the sediments from the Central Pacific, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 61, 1911–1918, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00040-9, 1997.
Olgun, N., Duggen, S., Andronico, D., Kutterolf, S., Croot, P. L., Giammanco, S., Censi, P., and Randazzo, L.: Possible impacts of volcanic ash emissions of Mount Etna on the primary productivity in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: results from nutrient-release experiments in seawater, Mar. Chem., 152, 32–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.04.004, 2013.
Orlic, M., Gacic, M., and Laviolette, P. E.: The currents and circulation of the Adriatic Sea, Oceanol. Acta, 15, 109–124, 1992.
Parinos, C., Gogou, A., Bouloubassi, I., Pedrosa-Pàmies, R., Hatzianestis, I., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Rousakis, G., Velaoras, D., Krokos, G., and Lykousis, V.: Occurrence, sources and transport pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in deep-sea sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 10, 6069–6089, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6069-2013, 2013.
Pedrosa-Pàmies, R., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Calafat, A., Canals, M., and Durán, R.: Impact of storm-induced remobilization on grain size distribution and organic carbon content in sediments from the Blanes Canyon area, NW Mediterranean Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 118, 122–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.023, 2013.
Perdue, E. M. and Koprivnjak, J.-F.: Using the C/N ratio to estimate terrigenous inputs of organic matter to aquatic environments, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 73, 65–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.021, 2007.
Polymenakou, P. N., Tselepides, A., Stephanou, E. G., and Bertilsson, S.: Carbon speciation and composition of natural microbial communities in polluted and pristine sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 52, 1396–1405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.03.021, 2006.
Psarra, S., Tselepides, A., and Ignatiades, L.: Primary productivity in the oligotrophic Cretan Sea (NE Mediterranean): seasonal and interannual variability, Prog. Oceanogr., 46, 187–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00018-5, 2000.
Rabitti, S., Bianchi, F., Boldrin, A., Daros, L., Socal, G., and Totti, C.: Particulate matter and phytoplankton in the Ionian Sea, Oceanol. Acta, 17, 297–307, 1994.
Rampen, S. W., Willmott, V., Kim, J.-H., Uliana, E., Mollenhauer, G., Schefuß, E., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: Long chain 1,13- and 1,15-diols as a potential proxy for palaeotemperature reconstruction, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 84, 204–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.024, 2012.
Ratmeyer, V., Balzer, W., Bergametti, G., Chiapello, I., Fischer, G., and Wyputta, U.: Seasonal impact of mineral dust on deep-ocean particle flux in the eastern subtropical Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Geol., 159, 241–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00197-2, 1999.
Redfield, A. C., Ketchum, B. H., and Richards, F. A.: The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water, in: The Sea, edited by: Hill, M. N., Interscience, New York, 26–77, 1963.
Robinson, A. R., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Hecht, A., Michelato, A., Roether, W., Theocharis, A., Ünlüata, Ü., Pinardi, N., Artegiani, A., and Bergamasco, A.: General circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean, Earth-Sci. Rev., 32, 285–309, 1992.
Robinson, A. R., Leslie, W. G., Theocharis, A., and Lascaratos, A.: Mediterranean Sea circulation, in: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Academic Press, 1689–1706, 2001.
Roether, W. and Well, R.: Oxygen consumption in the Eastern Mediterranean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 1535–1551, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00102-3, 2001.
Romero, I. C., Schwing, P. T., Brooks, G. R., Larson, R. A., Hastings, D. W., Ellis, G., Goddard, E. A., and Hollander, D. J.: Hydrocarbons in Deep-Sea Sediments following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Blowout in the Northeast Gulf of Mexico, edited by: Chin, W.-C., PLoS One, 10, e0128371, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128371, 2015.
Roussiez, V., Ludwig, W., Monaco, A., Probst, J.-L., Bouloubassi, I., Buscail, R., and Saragoni, G.: Sources and sinks of sediment-bound contaminants in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea): a multi-tracer approach, Cont. Shelf Res., 26, 1843–1857, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.010, 2006.
Rullkötter, J.: Organic matter: the driving force for early diagenesis, in Marine geochemistry, edited by: Schulz, H. D. and Zabel, M., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 125–168, 2006.
Rumolo, P., Barra, M., Gherardi, S., Marsella, E., and Sprovieri, M.: Stable isotopes and C/N ratios in marine sediments as a tool for discriminating anthropogenic impact., J. Environ. Monitor., 13, 3399–408, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1em10568j, 2011.
Rutten, A., de Lange, G.., Ziveri, P., Thomson, J., Van Santvoort, P. J. M., Colley, S., and Corselli, C.: Recent terrestrial and carbonate fluxes in the pelagic eastern Mediterranean; a comparison between sediment trap and surface sediment, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00050-X, 2000.
Salihoğlu, \.I., Saydam, C., Baştürk, Ö., Yilmaz, K., Göçmen, D., Hatipoglu, E., and Yilmaz, A.: Transport and distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll a by mesoscale eddies in the northeastern Mediterranean, Mar. Chem., 29, 375–390, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(90)90024-7, 1990.
Sanchez-Vidal, A., Pasqual, C., Kerhervé, P., Calafat, A., Heussner, S., Palanques, a., Durrieu de Madron, X., Canals, M., and Puig, P.: Impact of dense shelf water cascading on the transfer of organic matter to the deep western Mediterranean basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032825, 2008.
Schlitzer, R.: Ocean Data View, available at: http://odv.awi.de, 2011.
Schlitzer, R., Roether, W., Oster, H., Junghans, H.-G., Hausmann, M., Johannsen, H., and Michelato, A.: Chlorofluoromethane and oxygen in the Eastern Mediterranean, Deep-Sea Res., 38, 1531–1551, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90088-W, 1991.
Seiter, K., Hensen, C., Schröter, J., and Zabel, M.: Organic carbon content in surface sediments – defining regional provinces, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 51, 2001–2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.014, 2004.
Selvaraj, K., Lee, T. Y., Yang, J. Y. T., Canuel, E. A., Huang, J. C., Dai, M., Liu, J. T., and Kao, S. J.: Stable isotopic and biomarker evidence of terrigenous organic matter export to the deep sea during tropical storms, Mar. Geol., 364, 32–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.03.005, 2015.
Siokou-Frangou, I., Gotsis-Skretas, O., Christou, E. D., and Pagou, K.: Plankton characteristics in the Aegean, Ionian and NW Levantine Seas, in: The Eastern Mediterranean as a Laboratory Basin for the Assessment of Contrasting Ecosystems, edited by: Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and Eremeev, V. N., Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht Boston London, 465–473, 1999.
Skonieczny, C., Bory, A., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Abouchami, W., Galer, S. J. G., Crosta, X., Diallo, A., and Ndiaye, T.: A three-year time series of mineral dust deposits on the West African margin: sedimentological and geochemical signatures and implications for interpretation of marine paleo-dust records, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 364, 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.039, 2013.
Statham, P. J. and Hart, V.: Dissolved iron in the Cretan Sea (eastern Mediterranean), Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1142–1148, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1142, 2005.
Stavrakakis, S., Chronis, G., Tselepides, A., Heussner, S., Monaco, A., and Abassi, A.: Downward fluxes of settling particles in the deep Cretan Sea (NE Mediterranean), Prog. Oceanogr., 46, 217–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00020-3, 2000.
Stavrakakis, S., Gogou, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Karageorgis, A. P., Kontoyiannis, H., Rousakis, G., Velaoras, D., Perivoliotis, L., Kambouri, G., Stavrakaki, I., and Lykousis, V.: Downward fluxes of sinking particulate matter in the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), eastern Mediterranean: seasonal and interannual variability, Biogeosciences, 10, 7235–7254, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7235-2013, 2013.
Struck, U., Emeis, K.-C., Voß, M., Krom, M. D., and Rau, G. H.: Biological productivity during sapropel S5 formation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: evidence from stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 65, 3249–3266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00668-8, 2001.
Taupier-Letage, I.: On the use of thermal images for circulation studies: applications to the Eastern Mediterranean basin, in: Remote Sensing of the European Seas, edited by: Barale, V. and Gade, M., Springer Netherlands, 153–164, 2008.
Tesi, T., Miserocchi, S., Goñi, M. A., Langone, L., Boldrin, A., and Turchetto, M.: Organic matter origin and distribution in suspended particulate materials and surficial sediments from the western Adriatic Sea (Italy), Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 73, 431–446, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.008, 2007a.
Tesi, T., Miserocchi, S., Goñi, M. A., and Langone, L.: Source, transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Lions, France, Mar. Chem., 105, 101–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.005, 2007b.
Tesi, T., Langone, L., Goñi, M. A., Turchetto, M., Miserocchi, S., and Boldrin, A.: Source and composition of organic matter in the Bari canyon (Italy): Dense water cascading versus particulate export from the upper ocean, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 55, 813–831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.007, 2008.
Theocharis, A., Georgopoulos, D., Lascaratos, A., and Nittis, K.: Water masses and circulation in the central region of the Eastern Mediterranean: Eastern Ionian, South Aegean and Northwest Levantine, 1986–1987, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 1121–1142, 1993.
Theocharis, A., Balopoulos, E., Kioroglou, S., Kontoyiannis, H., and Iona, A.: A synthesis of the circulation and hydrography of the South Aegean Sea and the Straits of the Cretan Arc (March 1994–January 1995), Prog. Oceanogr., 44, 469–509, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00041-5, 1999.
Theodosi, C., Parinos, C., Gogou, A., Kokotos, A., Stavrakakis, S., Lykousis, V., Hatzianestis, J., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Downward fluxes of elemental carbon, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settling particles from the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), Eastern Mediterranean, Biogeosciences, 10, 4449–4464, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4449-2013, 2013.
Thingstad, T. F., Krom, M. D., Mantoura, R. F. C., Flaten, G. A. F., Groom, S., Herut, B., Kress, N., Law, C. S., Pasternak, A., Pitta, P., Psarra, S., Rassoulzadegan, F., Tanaka, T., Tselepides, A., Wassmann, P., Woodward, E. M. S., Riser, C. W., Zodiatis, G., and Zohary, T.: Nature of phosphorus limitation in the ultraoligotrophic eastern Mediterranean, Science, 309, 1068–1071, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112632, 2005.
Triantaphyllou, M. V.: Coccolithophore export production and response to seasonal surface water variability in the oligotrophic Cretan Sea (NE Mediterranean), Micropaleontology, 50(Suppl_1), 127–144, https://doi.org/10.2113/50.Suppl_1.127, 2004.
Tsapakis, M. and Stephanou, E. G.: Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution, Environ. Pollut., 133, 147–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.012, 2005.
Turchetto, M., Boldrin, A., Langone, L., Miserocchi, S., Tesi, T., and Foglini, F.: Particle transport in the Bari Canyon (southern Adriatic Sea), Mar. Geol., 246, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.007, 2007.
UNEP/MAP/MEDPOL: Sub-Regional Assessment of the Status of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems and of Pressures to the Marine and Coastal Environment Eastern Mediterranean Sea UNEP(DEPI)/MEDWG.350/Inf.4, Barcelona, 37–38, 2010.
Ursella, L., Kovačević, V., and Gačić, M.: Tidal variability of the motion in the Strait of Otranto, Ocean Sci., 10, 49–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-49-2014, 2014.
Van Santvoort, P. J. M., de Lange, G. J., Thomson, J., Cussen, H., Wilson, T. R. S., Krom, M. D., and Ströhle, K.: Active post-depositional oxidation of the most recent sapropel (S1) in sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 4007–4024, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00253-0, 1996.
Van Santvoort, P. J. M., De Lange, G. J., Thomson, J., Colley, S., Meysman, F. J. R., and Slomp, C. P.: Oxidation and origin of organic matter in surficial eastern Mediterranean hemipelagic sediments, Aquat. Geochem., 8, 153–175, 2002.
Volkman, J. K.: A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter, Org. Geochem., 9, 83–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(86)90089-6, 1986.
Volkman, J. K.: Lipid markers for marine organic matter, in: Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA, edited by: Volkman, J. K., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 27–70, 2006.
Volkman, J. K., Kearney, P., and Jeffrey, S. W.: A new source of 4-methyl sterols and 5α (H)-stanols in sediments: prymnesiophyte microalgae of the genus Pavlova, Org. Geochem., 15, 489–497, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(90)90094-G, 1990.
Volkman, J. K., Barrett, S. M., and Blackburn, S. I.: Eustigmatophyte microalgae are potential sources of C29 sterols, C22–C28 n-alcohols and C28–C32 n-alkyl diols in freshwater environments, Org. Geochem., 30, 307–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00009-1, 1999.
Wang, Z., Fingas, M., and Page, D. S.: Oil spill identification, J. Chromatogr. A, 843, 369–411, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00120-X, 1999.
Weldeab, S., Emeis, K.-C., Hemleben, C., and Siebel, W.: Provenance of lithogenic surface sediments and pathways of riverine suspended matter in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: evidence from 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, Chem. Geol., 186, 139–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00415-6, 2002.
Ziveri, P., Rutten, A., de Lange, G.., Thomson, J., and Corselli, C.: Present-day coccolith fluxes recorded in central eastern Mediterranean sediment traps and surface sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 175–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00049-3, 2000.
Zoccolotti, L. and Salusti, E.: Observations of a vein of very dense marine water in the southern Adriatic Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 7, 535–551, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(87)90020-3, 1987.
Short summary
A multi-proxy approach is applied in surface sediments collected from deep slopes and basins (1018-4087 m depth) of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean Sea. This study sheds new light on the sources and transport mechanisms along with the impact of preservation vs. diagenetic processes on the composition of sedimentary organic matter in the deep basins of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean Sea.
A multi-proxy approach is applied in surface sediments collected from deep slopes and basins...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint