Articles | Volume 16, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4555-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4555-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Nov 2019
Research article |
| 29 Nov 2019
| 29 Nov 2019
Regulation of N2O emissions from acid organic soil drained for agriculture
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
Lars Elsgaard
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
Tim J. Clough
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University,
Christchurch, New Zealand
Rodrigo Labouriau
Applied Statistics Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Aarhus
University, Aarhus, Denmark
Vibeke Ernstsen
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Søren O. Petersen
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
Related authors
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Lars Elsgaard, Tim Clough, Rodrigo Labouriau, and Søren Ole Petersen
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-9, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Organic soils are extensively under agricultural management which lead to high emissions of N2O. We searched for relationships between seasonal variation in N2O emissions and potential driving variables such as temperature, precipitation, water table depth, N availability, and possible decomposibility of peat. Reducing surplus N in the soil, for example by use of a plant cover, and stabilisation of water table depth during the year, appear to be keys to controlling N2O emissions.
Andrea Móring, Massimo Vieno, Ruth M. Doherty, Johannes Laubach, Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 13, 1837–1861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A process-based, weather-driven model for ammonia emission from a urine patch has been developed and its sensitivity to various factors assessed. The model can simulate the ammoniacal nitrogen content, pH and the water content of the soil under a urine patch.
The simulated variables were in a good agreement with the measurements. The sensitivity analysis highlighted the vital role of temperature in ammonia exchange. The model is potentially suitable for larger scale application.
Maxence Plouviez, Peter Sperlich, Benoit Guieysse, Tim Clough, Rahul Peethambaran, and Naomi Wells
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2337, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2337, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for the accurate laser-based analysis of N2O isotopes. For the first time, we measured the Site Preference-N2O signatures of pure cultures of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Our study is a first step to ultimately develop process-specific N2O monitoring from aquatic ecosystems. Further research is now needed to determine the occurrence and significance of N2O emissions from microalgae and cyanobacteria from aquatic ecosystems.
Johanna Pedersen, Sasha D. Hafner, Andreas Pacholski, Valthor I. Karlsson, Li Rong, Rodrigo Labouriau, and Jesper N. Kamp
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4493–4505, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field-applied animal slurry is a significant source of NH3 emission. A new system of dynamic flux chambers for NH3 measurements was developed and validated using three field trials in order to assess the variability after application with a trailing hose at different scales: manual (handheld) application, a 3 m slurry boom, and a 30 m slurry boom. The system facilitates NH3 emission measurement with replication after both manual and farm-scale slurry application with relatively high precision.
Jie Zhang, Elisabeth Larsen Kolstad, Wenxin Zhang, Iris Vogeler, and Søren O. Petersen
Biogeosciences, 20, 3895–3917, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3895-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3895-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Manure application to agricultural land often results in large and variable N2O emissions. We propose a model with a parsimonious structure to investigate N transformations around such N2O hotspots. The model allows for new detailed insights into the interactions between transport and microbial activities regarding N2O emissions in heterogeneous soil environments. It highlights the importance of solute diffusion to N2O emissions from such hotspots which are often ignored by process-based models.
Julian Koch, Lars Elsgaard, Mogens H. Greve, Steen Gyldenkærne, Cecilie Hermansen, Gregor Levin, Shubiao Wu, and Simon Stisen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2387–2403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2387-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2387-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Utilizing peatlands for agriculture leads to large emissions of greenhouse gases worldwide. The emissions are triggered by lowering the water table, which is a necessary step in order to make peatlands arable. Many countries aim at reducing their emissions by restoring peatlands, which can be achieved by stopping agricultural activities and thereby raising the water table. We estimate a total emission of 2.6 Mt CO2-eq for organic-rich peatlands in Denmark and a potential reduction of 77 %.
Jie Zhang, Wenxin Zhang, Per-Erik Jansson, and Søren O. Petersen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4811–4832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we relied on a properly controlled laboratory experiment to test the model’s capability of simulating the dominant microbial processes and the emissions of one greenhouse gas (nitrous oxide, N2O) from agricultural soils. This study reveals important processes and parameters that regulate N2O emissions in the investigated model framework and also suggests future steps of model development, which have implications on the broader communities of ecosystem modelers.
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Lars Elsgaard, Tim Clough, Rodrigo Labouriau, and Søren Ole Petersen
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-9, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Organic soils are extensively under agricultural management which lead to high emissions of N2O. We searched for relationships between seasonal variation in N2O emissions and potential driving variables such as temperature, precipitation, water table depth, N availability, and possible decomposibility of peat. Reducing surplus N in the soil, for example by use of a plant cover, and stabilisation of water table depth during the year, appear to be keys to controlling N2O emissions.
Anne B. Jansen-Willems, Gary J. Lanigan, Timothy J. Clough, Louise C. Andresen, and Christoph Müller
SOIL, 2, 601–614, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-601-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-601-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Legacy effects of increased temperature on both nitrogen (N) transformation rates and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permanent temperate grassland soil were evaluated. A new source-partitioning model showed the importance of oxidation of organic N as a source of N2O. Gross organic (and not inorganic) N transformation rates decreased in response to the prior soil warming treatment. This was also reflected in reduced N2O emissions associated with organic N oxidation and denitrification.
Andrea Móring, Massimo Vieno, Ruth M. Doherty, Johannes Laubach, Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 13, 1837–1861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A process-based, weather-driven model for ammonia emission from a urine patch has been developed and its sensitivity to various factors assessed. The model can simulate the ammoniacal nitrogen content, pH and the water content of the soil under a urine patch.
The simulated variables were in a good agreement with the measurements. The sensitivity analysis highlighted the vital role of temperature in ammonia exchange. The model is potentially suitable for larger scale application.
A. Henneberg, L. Elsgaard, B. K. Sorrell, H. Brix, and S. O. Petersen
Biogeosciences, 12, 5667–5676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5667-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5667-2015, 2015
V. Ernstsen, P. Olsen, and A. E. Rosenbom
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3475–3488, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3475-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3475-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Greenhouse Gases
Intercomparison of biogenic CO2 flux models in four urban parks in the city of Zurich
CO2 flux characteristics of the open savanna and its response to environmental factors in the dry–hot valley of Jinsha River, China
Rising Arctic seas and thawing permafrost: uncovering the carbon cycle impact in a thermokarst lagoon system in the outer Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Modelling decadal trends and the impact of extreme events on carbon fluxes in a temperate deciduous forest using a terrestrial biosphere model
Surface CO2 gradients challenge conventional CO2 emission quantification in lentic water bodies under calm conditions
Spatiotemporal variability of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes from a semi-deciduous tropical forest soil in the Congo Basin
Eddy-covariance fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in a drained peatland forest after clear-cutting
Eddy covariance evaluation of ecosystem fluxes at a temperate saltmarsh in Victoria, Australia, shows large CO2 uptake
Interferences caused by the biogeochemical methane cycle in peats during the assessment of abandoned oil wells
Carbon sequestration in different urban vegetation types in Southern Finland
Groundwater-CO2 Emissions Relationship in Dutch Peatlands Derived by Machine Learning Using Airborne and Ground-Based Eddy Covariance Data
Proglacial methane emissions driven by meltwater and groundwater flushing in a high-Arctic glacial catchment
Seasonal and interannual variability in CO2 fluxes in southern Africa seen by GOSAT
Water chemistry and greenhouse gas concentrations in waterbodies of a thawing permafrost peatland complex in northern Norway
Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe
Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020
Seasonal carbon fluxes from vegetation and soil in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh
Explainable machine learning for modeling of net ecosystem exchange in boreal forests
Dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea mangrove soils
Inferring methane emissions from African livestock by fusing drone, tower, and satellite data
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania
Technical note: A low-cost, automatic soil–plant–atmosphere enclosure system to investigate CO2 and evapotranspiration flux dynamics
Tidal influence on carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from tree stems and soils in mangrove forests
Drought conditions disrupt atmospheric carbon uptake in a Mediterranean saline lake
Physicochemical perturbation increases nitrous oxide production from denitrification in soils and sediments
Uncertainties in carbon emissions from land use and land cover change in Indonesia
Carbon degradation and mobilisation potentials of thawing permafrost peatlands in northern Norway inferred from laboratory incubations
Saturating response of photosynthesis to increasing leaf area index allows selective harvest of trees without affecting forest productivity
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Interannual and seasonal variability of the air–sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea
CO2 emissions of drained coastal peatlands in the Netherlands and potential emission reduction by water infiltration systems
Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea
Using eddy covariance observations to determine the carbon sequestration characteristics of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Isotopomer labeling and oxygen dependence of hybrid nitrous oxide production
The emission of CO from tropical rainforest soils
Modelling CO2 and N2O emissions from soils in silvopastoral systems of the West African Sahelian band
A case study on topsoil removal and rewetting for paludiculture: effect on biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions from Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Azolla filiculoides
Observations of methane net sinks in the Arctic tundra
Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from two clear-water and two turbid-water urban ponds in Brussels (Belgium)
Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling
Timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for weak perturbations in CMIP5 models
Technical note: Preventing CO2 overestimation from mercuric or copper(II) chloride preservation of dissolved greenhouse gases in freshwater samples
Exploring temporal and spatial variation of nitrous oxide flux using several years of peatland forest automatic chamber data
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Regional assessment and uncertainty analysis of carbon and nitrogen balances at cropland scale using the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC
Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget
Lawns and meadows in urban green space – a comparison from perspectives of greenhouse gases, drought resilience and plant functional types
Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices
Identifying landscape hot and cold spots of soil greenhouse gas fluxes by combining field measurements and remote sensing data
Enhanced Southern Ocean CO2 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric westerlies
Stavros Stagakis, Dominik Brunner, Junwei Li, Leif Backman, Anni Karvonen, Lionel Constantin, Leena Järvi, Minttu Havu, Jia Chen, Sophie Emberger, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 2133–2161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2133-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2133-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The balance between CO2 uptake and emissions from urban green areas is still not well understood. This study evaluated for the first time the urban park CO2 exchange simulations with four different types of biosphere model by comparing them with observations. Even though some advantages and disadvantages of the different model types were identified, there was no strong evidence that more complex models performed better than simple ones.
Chaolei Yang, Yufeng Tian, Jingqi Cui, Guangxiong He, Jingyuan Li, Canfeng Li, Haichuang Duan, Zong Wei, Liu Yan, Xin Xia, Yong Huang, Aihua Jiang, and Yuwen Feng
Biogeosciences, 22, 2097–2114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2097-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2097-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the influence of extreme-drought events in southwest China, the carbon sequestration capacity of the open savanna in the dry–hot valley of the Jinsha River has been significantly diminished, with soil water content being the key environmental factor governing CO2 flux. Under the climate scenario where the frequency and severity of extreme droughts are expected to continue increasing, the CO2 emissions from the open savanna are also anticipated to rise persistently.
Maren Jenrich, Juliane Wolter, Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Guido Grosse, Fiona Giebeler, Dustin Whalen, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 22, 2069–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming in the Arctic is causing the erosion of permafrost coasts and the transformation of permafrost lakes into lagoons. To understand how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we studied carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) production in lagoons with varying sea connections. Younger lagoons produce more CH₄, while CO₂ increases under more marine conditions. Flooding of permafrost lowlands due to rising sea levels may lead to higher GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in future.
Tea Thum, Tuuli Miinalainen, Outi Seppälä, Holly Croft, Cheryl Rogers, Ralf Staebler, Silvia Caldararu, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 1781–1807, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change has the potential to influence the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems, and here the nitrogen cycle is also important. We used the terrestrial biosphere model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system) in a mixed deciduous forest in Canada. We investigated the usefulness of using the leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content to improve the parameterization of the model. This work paves the way for using spaceborne observations in model parameterizations, also including information on the nitrogen cycle.
Patrick Aurich, Uwe Spank, and Matthias Koschorreck
Biogeosciences, 22, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes can be sources and sinks of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water can be measured by taking gas samples from them. However, the depth of water samples is not well defined, which may cause errors. We hypothesized that gradients of CO2 concentrations develop under the surface when wind speeds are very low. Our measurements show that such a gradient can occur on calm nights, potentially shifting lakes from a CO2 sink to a source.
Roxanne Daelman, Marijn Bauters, Matti Barthel, Emmanuel Bulonza, Lodewijk Lefevre, José Mbifo, Johan Six, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Benjamin Wolf, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
Biogeosciences, 22, 1529–1542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1529-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1529-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in atmospheric concentrations of several greenhouse gases (GHGs) since 1750 is attributed to human activity. However, natural ecosystems, such as tropical forests, also contribute to GHG budgets. The Congo Basin hosts the second largest tropical forest and is understudied. In this study, measurements of soil GHG exchange were carried out during 16 months in a tropical forest in the Congo Basin. Overall, the soil acted as a major source of CO2 and N2O and a minor sink of CH4.
Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Olli Peltola, Pavel Alekseychik, Juha Heikkinen, Samuli Launiainen, Aleksi Lehtonen, Qian Li, Eduardo Martínez-García, Mikko Peltoniemi, Petri Salovaara, Ville Tuominen, and Raisa Mäkipää
Biogeosciences, 22, 1277–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured from a clear-cut peatland forest site. The measurements covered the whole year of 2022, which was the second growing season after the clear-cut. The site was a strong GHG source, and the highest emissions came from CO2, followed by N2O and CH4. A statistical model that included information on different surfaces at the site was developed to unravel surface-type-specific GHG fluxes.
Ruth Reef, Edoardo Daly, Tivanka Anandappa, Eboni-Jane Vienna-Hallam, Harriet Robertson, Matthew Peck, and Adrien Guyot
Biogeosciences, 22, 1149–1162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1149-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1149-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Studies show that saltmarshes excel at capturing carbon from the atmosphere. In this study, we measured CO2 flux in an Australian temperate saltmarsh on French Island. The temperate saltmarsh exhibited strong seasonality. During the warmer growing season, the saltmarsh absorbed 10.5 g CO2 m−2 on average daily from the atmosphere. Even in winter, when plants were dormant, it continued to be a CO2 sink, albeit a smaller one. Cool temperatures and high cloud cover inhibit carbon sequestration.
Sebastian F. A. Jordan, Stefan Schloemer, Martin Krüger, Tanja Heffner, Marcus A. Horn, and Martin Blumenberg
Biogeosciences, 22, 809–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-809-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-809-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using a multilayer approach, we studied the methane flux, soil gas composition, and isotopic signatures of soil methane and carbon dioxide at eight cut and buried abandoned oil wells in a peat-rich area of northern Germany. The detected methane emissions were of biogenic, peat origin and were not associated with the abandoned wells. Additional microbial analysis and methane oxidation rate measurements demonstrated a high methane emission mitigation potential in the studied peat soils.
Laura Thölix, Leif Backman, Minttu Havu, Esko Karvinen, Jesse Soininen, Justine Trémeau, Olli Nevalainen, Joyson Ahongshangbam, Leena Järvi, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 725–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-725-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-725-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Cities aim for carbon neutrality and seek to understand urban vegetation's role as a carbon sink. Direct measurements are challenging, so models are used to estimate the urban carbon cycle. We evaluated model performance at estimating carbon sequestration in lawns, park trees, and urban forests in Helsinki, Finland. Models captured seasonal and annual variations well. Trees had higher sequestration rates than lawns, and irrigation often enhanced carbon sinks.
Laura M. van der Poel, Laurent V. Bataille, Bart Kruijt, Wietse Franssen, Wilma Jans, Jan Biermann, Anne Rietman, Alex J. V. Buzacott, Ype van der Velde, Ruben Boelens, and Ronald W. A. Hutjes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-431, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-431, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combine two types of carbon dioxide (CO2) data from Dutch peatlands in a machine learning model: from fixed measurement towers and from a light research aircraft. We find that emissions increase with deeper water table depths (WTD) by 4.6 tonnes CO2 per hectare per year, per 10 cm deeper WTD on average. The effect is stronger in winter than in summer and varies between locations. This variability should be taken into account when developing mitigation measures.
Gabrielle E. Kleber, Leonard Magerl, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Stefan Schloemer, Mark Trimmer, Yizhu Zhu, and Andrew Hodson
Biogeosciences, 22, 659–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-659-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-659-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on Svalbard shows that glacier melt rivers can transport large amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By studying a glacier over one summer, we found that its river was highly concentrated in methane, suggesting that rivers could provide a significant source of methane emissions as the Arctic warms and glaciers melt. This is the first time such emissions have been measured on Svalbard, indicating a wider environmental concern as such processes are occurring across the Arctic.
Eva-Marie Metz, Sanam Noreen Vardag, Sourish Basu, Martin Jung, and André Butz
Biogeosciences, 22, 555–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-555-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-555-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate CO2 fluxes in semiarid southern Africa from 2009 to 2018 based on satellite CO2 measurements and atmospheric inverse modeling. By selecting process-based vegetation models, which agree with the satellite CO2 fluxes, we find that soil respiration mainly drives the seasonality, whereas photosynthesis substantially influences the interannual variability. Our study emphasizes the need for better representation of the response of semiarid ecosystems to soil rewetting in vegetation models.
Jacqueline Kay Knutson, François Clayer, Peter Dörsch, Sebastian Westermann, and Heleen A. de Wit
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-184, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-184, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing permafrost at Iškoras in northern Norway is transforming peat plateaus into thermokarst ponds and wetlands. These small ponds show striking oversaturation of dissolved greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), partly due to organic matter processing. Streams nearby emit CO2 driven by turbulence. As permafrost disappears, carbon dynamics will change, potentially increasing emissions of CH4. This study highlights the need to integrate these changes into climate models.
Tuula Aalto, Aki Tsuruta, Jarmo Mäkelä, Jurek Müller, Maria Tenkanen, Eleanor Burke, Sarah Chadburn, Yao Gao, Vilma Mannisenaho, Thomas Kleinen, Hanna Lee, Antti Leppänen, Tiina Markkanen, Stefano Materia, Paul A. Miller, Daniele Peano, Olli Peltola, Benjamin Poulter, Maarit Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, David Wårlind, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation were studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem models, atmospheric inversions, and upscaled flux observations. The ecosystem models differed in their responses to temperature and precipitation and in their seasonality. However, multi-model means, inversions, and upscaled fluxes had similar seasonality, and they suggested co-limitation by temperature and precipitation.
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara H. Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Xi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 22, 305–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO2 levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change.
Lorena Carrasco-Barea, Dolors Verdaguer, Maria Gispert, Xavier D. Quintana, Hélène Bourhis, and Laura Llorens
Biogeosciences, 22, 289–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide fluxes have been measured seasonally in four plant species in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh, highlighting the high carbon removal potential that these species have. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from soil showed high variability among the habitats studied, and they were generally higher than those observed in tidal salt marshes. Our results are important for making more accurate predictions regarding carbon emissions from these ecosystems.
Ekaterina Ezhova, Topi Laanti, Anna Lintunen, Pasi Kolari, Tuomo Nieminen, Ivan Mammarella, Keijo Heljanko, and Markku Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 257–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Machine learning (ML) models are gaining popularity in biogeosciences. They are applied as gap-filling methods and used to upscale carbon fluxes to larger areas. Here we use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to elucidate the performance of machine learning models for carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal forests. We show that statistically equal models treat input variables differently. XAI methods can help scientists make informed decisions when applying ML models in their research.
Jessica Breavington, Alexandra Steckbauer, Chuancheng Fu, Mongi Ennasri, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 22, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mangrove carbon storage in the Red Sea is lower than average due to challenging growth conditions. We collected mangrove soil cores over multiple seasons to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) flux of carbon dioxide and methane. GHG emissions are a small offset to mangrove carbon storage overall but punctuated by periods of high emission. This variation is linked to environmental and soil properties, which were also measured. The findings aid understanding of GHG dynamics in arid mangrove ecosystems.
Alouette van Hove, Kristoffer Aalstad, Vibeke Lind, Claudia Arndt, Vincent Odongo, Rodolfo Ceriani, Francesco Fava, John Hulth, and Norbert Pirk
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3994, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Research on methane emissions from African livestock is limited. We used a probabilistic method fusing drone and flux tower observations with an atmospheric model to estimate emissions from various herds. This approach proved robust under non-stationary wind conditions and effective in estimating emissions as low as 100 g h-1. We also detected herd locations using spectral anomalies in satellite data. Our approach can be used to estimate diverse sources, thereby improving emission inventories.
Johnathan Daniel Maxey, Neil D. Hartstein, Hermann W. Bange, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 21, 5613–5637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of N2O in fjord-like estuaries is poorly described in the Southern Hemisphere. Our study describes N2O distribution and its drivers in one such system in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. Water samples were collected seasonally in 2022 and 2023. Results show the system removes atmospheric N2O when river flow is high, whereas the system emits N2O when the river flow is low. N2O generated in basins is intercepted by the surface water and exported to the ocean during high river flow.
Wael Al Hamwi, Maren Dubbert, Jörg Schaller, Matthias Lück, Marten Schmidt, and Mathias Hoffmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5639–5651, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fully automatic, low-cost soil–plant enclosure system to monitor CO2 and evapotranspiration fluxes within greenhouse experiments. It operates in two modes: independent, using low-cost sensors, and dependent, where multiple chambers connect to a single gas analyzer via a low-cost multiplexer. This system provides precise, accurate measurements and high temporal resolution, enabling comprehensive monitoring of plant–soil responses to various treatments and conditions.
Zhao-Jun Yong, Wei-Jen Lin, Chiao-Wen Lin, and Hsing-Juh Lin
Biogeosciences, 21, 5247–5260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from mangrove stems and soils of Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata during tidal cycles. Both stem types served as CO2 and CH4 sources, emitting less CH4 than soils, with no difference in CO2 flux. While A. marina stems showed increased CO2 fluxes from low to high tides, they acted as a CH4 sink before flooding and as a source after ebbing. However, K. obovata stems showed no flux pattern. This study highlights the need to consider tidal influence and species.
Ihab Alfadhel, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, Isabel Reche, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Eva Rodríguez-Velasco, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Penélope Serrano-Ortiz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5117–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inland saline lakes are crucial in the global carbon cycle, but increased droughts may alter their carbon exchange capacity. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a Mediterranean saline lake using the eddy covariance method under dry and wet conditions. We found the lake acts as a carbon sink during wet periods but not during droughts. These results highlight the importance of saline lakes in carbon sequestration and their vulnerability to climate-change-induced droughts.
Nathaniel B. Weston, Cynthia Troy, Patrick J. Kearns, Jennifer L. Bowen, William Porubsky, Christelle Hyacinthe, Christof Meile, Philippe Van Cappellen, and Samantha B. Joye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4837–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas produced largely from microbial nitrogen cycling processes, and human activities have resulted in increases in atmospheric N2O. We investigate the role of physical and chemical disturbances to soils and sediments in N2O production. We demonstrate that physicochemical perturbation increases N2O production, microbial community adapts over time, and initial perturbation appears to confer resilience to subsequent disturbance.
Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Pierre Friedlingstein, Stephen Sitch, Michael O'Sullivan, Maria Carolina Duran-Rojas, Thais Michele Rosan, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Louise P. Chini, and George C. Hurtt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3165, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3165, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Indonesia is 3 world's highest carbon emitter from land use change. However, there are uncertainties of the carbon emission of Indonesia that can be reduced with satellite-based datasets. But later, we found that the uncertainties are also caused by the difference of carbon pool in various models. Our best estimation of carbon emissions from land use change in Indonesia is 0.12 ± 0.02 PgC/yr with steady trend. This double when include peat fire and peat drainage emissions.
Sigrid Trier Kjær, Sebastian Westermann, Nora Nedkvitne, and Peter Dörsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 4723–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands are thawing due to climate change, releasing large quantities of carbon that degrades upon thawing and is released as CO2, CH4 or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We incubated thawed Norwegian permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst pond sediment found next to permafrost for up to 350 d to measure carbon loss. CO2 production was initially the highest, whereas CH4 production increased over time. The largest carbon loss was measured at the top of the peat plateau core as DOC.
Olivier Bouriaud, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Konstantin Gregor, Issam Bourkhris, Peter Högberg, Roland Irslinger, Phillip Papastefanou, Julia Pongratz, Anja Rammig, Riccardo Valentini, and Christian Körner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3092, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3092, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of harvesting on forests' carbon sink capacities is debated. One view is that their sink strength is resilient to harvesting, the other that it disrupts these capacities. Our work shows that leaf area index (LAI) has been overlooked in this discussion. We found that temperate forests' carbon uptake is largely insensitive to variations in LAI beyond about 4 m² m-², but that forests operate at higher levels.
Silvie Lainela, Erik Jacobs, Stella-Theresa Luik, Gregor Rehder, and Urmas Lips
Biogeosciences, 21, 4495–4519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the variability of carbon dioxide and methane in the surface layer of the north-eastern basins of the Baltic Sea in 2018. We show that the shallower coastal areas have considerably higher spatial variability and seasonal amplitude of surface layer pCO2 and cCH4 than measured in the offshore areas of the Baltic Sea. Despite this high variability, caused mostly by coastal physical processes, the average annual air–sea CO2 fluxes differed only marginally between the sub-basins.
Martti Honkanen, Mika Aurela, Juha Hatakka, Lumi Haraguchi, Sami Kielosto, Timo Mäkelä, Jukka Seppälä, Simo-Matti Siiriä, Ken Stenbäck, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pasi Ylöstalo, and Lauri Laakso
Biogeosciences, 21, 4341–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of CO2 between the sea and the atmosphere was studied in the Archipelago Sea, Baltic Sea, in 2017–2021, using an eddy covariance technique. The sea acted as a net source of CO2 with an average yearly emission of 27.1 gC m-2 yr-1, indicating that the marine ecosystem respired carbon that originated elsewhere. The yearly CO2 emission varied between 18.2–39.2 gC m-2 yr-1, mostly due to the yearly variation of ecosystem carbon uptake.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Eric P. Achterberg, Holger Brix, Nicolas Brüggemann, Götz Flöser, Claudia Schütze, and Philipp Fischer
Biogeosciences, 21, 3819–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and contributes to climate warming. However, the input of CH4 from coastal areas to the atmosphere is not well defined. Dissolved and atmospheric CH4 was determined at high spatial resolution in or above the North Sea. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was mainly influenced by wind direction. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of CH4 fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal CH4 fluxes.
Niu Zhu, Jinniu Wang, Dongliang Luo, Xufeng Wang, Cheng Shen, and Ning Wu
Biogeosciences, 21, 3509–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the vital role of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau as carbon sinks in the context of climate change. Utilizing advanced eddy covariance systems, we uncover their significant carbon sequestration potential, observing distinct seasonal patterns influenced by temperature, humidity, and radiation. Notably, these forests exhibit robust carbon absorption, with potential implications for global carbon balance.
Colette L. Kelly, Nicole M. Travis, Pascale Anabelle Baya, Claudia Frey, Xin Sun, Bess B. Ward, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 3215–3238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, accumulates in regions of the ocean that are low in dissolved oxygen. We used a novel combination of chemical tracers to determine how nitrous oxide is produced in one of these regions, the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. Our experiments showed that the two most important sources of nitrous oxide under low-oxygen conditions are denitrification, an anaerobic process, and a novel “hybrid” process performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Yélognissè Agbohessou, Claire Delon, Manuela Grippa, Eric Mougin, Daouda Ngom, Espoir Koudjo Gaglo, Ousmane Ndiaye, Paulo Salgado, and Olivier Roupsard
Biogeosciences, 21, 2811–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases in the Sahel are not well represented because they are considered weak compared to the rest of the world. However, natural areas in the Sahel emit carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, which need to be assessed because of extended surfaces. We propose an assessment of such emissions in Sahelian silvopastoral systems and of how they are influenced by environmental characteristics. These results are essential to inform climate change strategies in the region.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Antonio Donateo, Daniela Famulari, Donato Giovannelli, Arturo Mariani, Mauro Mazzola, Stefano Decesari, and Gianluca Pappaccogli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1440, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on direct measurements of CO2 and CH4 turbulent eddy covariance fluxes in tundra ecosystems in the Svalbard Islands over a two-year period. Our results reveal dynamic interactions between climatic conditions and ecosystem activities such as photosynthesis and microbial activity. The observed net summertime methane uptake is correlated with the activation and aeration of soil microorganisms. High temperature anomalies increase CO2 and CH4 emissions.
Thomas Bauduin, Nathalie Gypens, and Alberto V. Borges
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1315, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1315, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from ponds can vary depending on the state of ponds (clear-water with macrophytes or turbid-water with phytoplankton). We studied CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in clear and turbid urban ponds (June 2021 to December 2023) in Brussels. We observed seasonal differences in methanogenesis pathways, in CH4 emissions between clear and turbid ponds, and annual differences in total emissions of GHG, likely from intense El Niño event in 2023.
Thea H. Heimdal, Galen A. McKinley, Adrienne J. Sutton, Amanda R. Fay, and Lucas Gloege
Biogeosciences, 21, 2159–2176, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ocean carbon are limited in time and space. Machine learning algorithms are therefore used to reconstruct ocean carbon where observations do not exist. Improving these reconstructions is important in order to accurately estimate how much carbon the ocean absorbs from the atmosphere. In this study, we find that a small addition of observations from the Southern Ocean, obtained by autonomous sampling platforms, could significantly improve the reconstructions.
Guilherme L. Torres Mendonça, Julia Pongratz, and Christian H. Reick
Biogeosciences, 21, 1923–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying feedbacks by a theory of the climate–carbon system. Using simulations we show the predictive power of this theory and find that (1) this fraction generally decreases for increasing timescales and (2) at all timescales the total feedback is negative and the model spread in a single feedback causes the spread in the airborne fraction. Our study indicates that those are properties of the system, independently of the scenario.
François Clayer, Jan Erik Thrane, Kuria Ndungu, Andrew King, Peter Dörsch, and Thomas Rohrlack
Biogeosciences, 21, 1903–1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of dissolved greenhouse gas (GHG) in freshwater allows us to estimate GHG fluxes. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is used to preserve water samples prior to GHG analysis despite its environmental and health impacts and interferences with water chemistry in freshwater. Here, we tested the effects of HgCl2, two substitutes and storage time on GHG in water from two boreal lakes. Preservation with HgCl2 caused overestimation of CO2 concentration with consequences for GHG flux estimation.
Helena Rautakoski, Mika Korkiakoski, Jarmo Mäkelä, Markku Koskinen, Kari Minkkinen, Mika Aurela, Paavo Ojanen, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 21, 1867–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Current and future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are difficult to estimate due to their high variability in space and time. Several years of N2O fluxes from drained boreal peatland forest indicate high importance of summer precipitation, winter temperature, and snow conditions in controlling annual N2O emissions. The results indicate increasing year-to-year variation in N2O emissions in changing climate with more extreme seasonal weather conditions.
Matthias Koschorreck, Norbert Kamjunke, Uta Koedel, Michael Rode, Claudia Schuetze, and Ingeborg Bussmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 1613–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the river Elbe in Germany over 3 days to find out what is more important for quantification: small-scale spatial variability or diurnal temporal variability. We found that CO2 emissions were very different between day and night, while CH4 emissions were more different between sites. Dried out river sediments contributed to CO2 emissions, while the side areas of the river were important CH4 sources.
Odysseas Sifounakis, Edwin Haas, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Maria P. Papadopoulou
Biogeosciences, 21, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a full assessment of the carbon and nitrogen cycles of a cropland ecosystem. An uncertainty analysis and quantification of all carbon and nitrogen fluxes were deployed. The inventory simulations include greenhouse gas emissions of N2O, NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching from arable land cultivation in Greece. The inventory also reports changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in arable soils.
Sarah M. Ludwig, Luke Schiferl, Jacqueline Hung, Susan M. Natali, and Roisin Commane
Biogeosciences, 21, 1301–1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Landscapes are often assumed to be homogeneous when using eddy covariance fluxes, which can lead to biases when calculating carbon budgets. In this study we report eddy covariance carbon fluxes from heterogeneous tundra. We used the footprints of each flux observation to unmix the fluxes coming from components of the landscape. We identified and quantified hot spots of carbon emissions in the landscape. Accurately scaling with landscape heterogeneity yielded half as much regional carbon uptake.
Justine Trémeau, Beñat Olascoaga, Leif Backman, Esko Karvinen, Henriikka Vekuri, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 21, 949–972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied urban lawns and meadows in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. We found that meadows are more resistant to drought events but that they do not increase carbon sequestration compared with lawns. Moreover, the transformation from lawns to meadows did not demonstrate any negative climate effects in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Even though social and economic aspects also steer urban development, these results can guide planning to consider carbon-smart options.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Tobias Houska, David Kraus, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Ralf Kiese, Lutz Breuer, and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Biogeosciences, 20, 5029–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O. Various physicochemical and biological processes control the fluxes of these GHGs between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, fluxes depend on environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil temperature, or soil parameters, which result in large spatial and temporal variations of GHG fluxes. Here, we describe an example of how this variation may be studied and analyzed.
Laurie C. Menviel, Paul Spence, Andrew E. Kiss, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Hakase Hayashida, Matthew H. England, and Darryn Waugh
Biogeosciences, 20, 4413–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the ocean absorbs 25% of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we use a very high-resolution ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model to show that the capability of the Southern Ocean to uptake CO2 has decreased over the last 40 years due to a strengthening and poleward shift of the southern hemispheric westerlies. This trend is expected to continue over the coming century.
Cited articles
Abreu, G. C. G., Edwards, D., and Labouriau, R.: High-dimensional graphical
model search with the gRapHD R package, J. Stat. Softw., 37, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v037.i01., 2010.
Aerts, R. and Ludwig, F.: Water-table changes and nutritional status affect
trace gas emissions from laboratory columns of peatland soils, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 29, 1691–1698, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00074-6, 1997.
Barton, L., Kiese, A., Gatter, D., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Buck, R., Hinz, C.,
and Murphy, D. V.: Nitrous oxide emissions from a cropped soil in a
semi-arid climate, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 177–192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01474.x, 2008.
Braker, G. and Conrad, R.: Diversity, structure, and size of
N2O-producing microbial communities in soils – what matters for their
functioning?, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 75, 33–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387046-9.00002-5, 2011.
Burton, E. D., Sullivan, L. A., Bush, R. T., Johnston, S. G., and Keene, A. F.: A
simple and inexpensive chromium-reducible sulfur method for acid-sulfate
soils, Appl. Geochem., 23, 2759–2766, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.007, 2008.
Carter, M. R. and Gregorich, E. G. (Eds.): Soil sampling and methods of
analysis, 2nd Edn., CRC Press, USA, 307–310, 2007.
Cline, J. D.: Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen sulfide in natural
waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 454–458, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0454,
1969.
Clough, T. J., Jarvis, S. C., Dixon, E. R., Stevens, R. J., Laughlin, R. J., and Hatch
D. J.: Carbon induced subsoil denitrification of 15N-labelled nitrate in
1 m deep soil columns, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 31–41,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00097-2, 1999.
Conen, F. and Smith, K. A.: A re-examination of closed flux chamber methods
for the measurement of trace gas emissions from soils to the atmosphere,
Eur. J. Soil Sci., 49, 701–707, 1998.
Davidson, A. C. and Hinkley, D. V.: Bootstrap Methods and their Application, 1st
Edn., Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 84 pp., 1997.
Duan, Y. F., Kong, X.-W., Schramm, A., Labouriau, R., Eriksen, J., and
Petersen, S. O.: Microbial N transformations and N2O emission after
simulated grassland cultivation: effects of the nitrification inhibitor
3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate (DMPP), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 83,
e02019, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02019-16, 2017.
Eickenscheidt, T., Heinichen, J., and Drösler, M.: The greenhouse gas
balance of a drained fen peatland is mainly controlled by land-use rather
than soil organic carbon content, Biogeosciences, 12, 5161–5184, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5161-2015, 2015.
Estop-Aragonés, C., Knorr, K.-H., and Blodau, C.: Controls on in situ oxygen
and dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics in peats of a temperate fen, J.
Geophys. Res., 117, G02002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001888, 2012.
Gillham, R. W.: The capillary fringe and its effect on water-table response,
J. Hydrol., 67, 307–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90248-8,
1984.
Goldberg, S. D., Knorr, K.-H., Blodau, C., Lischeid, G., and Gebauer, G.:
Impact of altering the water table height of an acidic fen on N2O and
NO fluxes and soil concentrations, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 220–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02015.x, 2010.
Good, P. I.: Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses, Third
Edition, Springer, New York, NY, 315 pp., 2005.
Guan, Q. S., Cao, W. Z., Wang, G. J., Wu, F.F., Wang, C., Jiang, C., Tao, Y. R.,
and Gao, Y.: Nitrogen loss through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with
iron reduction in a mangrove wetland, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 69, 732–741, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12552, 2018.
Haughton, D. M. A.: On the choice of a model to fit data from an exponential
family, Ann. Statist., 16, 342–335, https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176350709, 1988.
Herold, M. B., Baggs, E. M., and Daniell, T. J.: Fungal and bacterial
denitrification are differently affected by long-term pH amendment and
cultivation of arable soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 54, 25–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.031, 2012.
Herrmann, M., Hädrich, A., and Küsel, K.: Predominance of
thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidizer abundance and transcriptional activity in an
acidic fen, Env. Microbiol., 14, 3013–3025, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02882.x, 2012.
Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Jamsranjav, B., Fukuda,
M., and Troxler, T.: Supplement to the 2006 guidelines for national
greenhouse gas inventories: wetlands, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), Geneva, Switzerland, 354 pp., 2014.
Hoag, R. S. and Price J. S.: The effects of matrix diffusion on solute
transport and retardation in undisturbed peat in laboratory columns, J.
Contam. Hydrol., 28, 193–205, 1997.
Hutchinson, G. L. and and Mosier, A. R.: Improved soil cover method for field
measurement of nitrous oxide fluxes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45, 311–316,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500020017x, 1981.
IPCC: 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories: Wetlands, edited by: Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava,
N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T. G., IPCC,
Switzerland, 354 pp., 2014.
Jones, L. C., Peters, B., Pacheco, J. S. L., Casciotti, K. L., and Fendorf, S.:
Stable isotopes and iron oxide mineral products as markers of
chemodenitrification, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 3444–3452, https://doi.org/10.1021/es504862x, 2015.
Jørgensen, B. and Labouriau, R.: Exponential families and theoretical
inference. Springer, Monografías de Matemática, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, 196 pp., 2012.
Jørgensen, C. J., Jacobsen, O. S., Elberling, B., and Aamand, J.: Microbial
oxidation of pyrite coupled to nitrate reduction in anoxic groundwater
sediment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4851–4857, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803417s,
2009.
Jury, W. A., Letey, J., and Collins, T.: Analysis of chamber methods used for
measuring nitrous oxide production in the field, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 46,
250–256, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600020007x, 1982.
Kandel, T. P., Lærke, P. E., and Elsgaard, L.: Annual emissions of
CO2, CH4 and N2O from a temperate peat bog: Comparison of an
undrained and four drained sites under permanent grass and arable crop
rotations with cereals and potato, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 256/257, 470–481,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.03.021, 2018.
Keeney, D. R. and Nelson, D. W.: Nitrogen–inorganic forms, in: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2.
Agronomy Monographs, edited by: Page, A. L.,
Miller, T. H., and Keeney, D. R., 9. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science
Society of America, Madison, WI, 643–692, 1982.
Kits, K. D., Jung, M. Y., Vierheilig, J., Pjevac, P., Sedlacek, C. J., Liu,
S., Herbold, C., Stein, L. Y., Richter, A., Wissel, H., Brüggemann, N.,
Wagner, M., and Daims, H.: Low yield and abiotic origin of N2O formed
by the complete nitrifier Nitrospira inopinata, Nat. Commun., 10, 1836, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09790-x, 2019.
Kristensen, M. K.: Vildmosearbejdet, Det Danske Forlag, Copenhagen, Denmark,
219 pp., 1945 (in Danish).
Labouriau, R. and Amorim, A.: Comment on “An Association Between the
Kinship and Fertility of Human Couples”, Science, 322, 1634, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161907, 2008a.
Labouriau, R. and Amorim, A.: Human fertility increases with marital
radius, Genetics, 178, 601–603, https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.072454, 2008b.
Lamandé, M., Labouriau, R., Holmstrup, M., Torp, S. B., Heckrath, G.,
Iversen, B. V., and Jacobsen, O. H.: Density of macropores as related to soil
and earthworm community parameters in cultivated grasslands, Geoderma, 162,
319–326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.03.004, 2011.
Lauritzen, S. L.: Causal Inference from Graphical Models, in: Complex
Stochastic Systems, edited by: Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E., Cox, D. R., and
Klüppelberg, C., New York, 304 pp., 1999.
Leppelt, T., Dechow, R., Gebbert, S., Freibauer, A., Lohila, A., Augustin, J., Drösler, M., Fiedler, S., Glatzel, S., Höper, H., Järveoja, J., Lærke, P. E., Maljanen, M., Mander, Ü., Mäkiranta, P., Minkkinen, K., Ojanen, P., Regina, K., and Strömgren, M.: Nitrous oxide emission budgets and land-use-driven hotspots for organic soils in Europe, Biogeosciences, 11, 6595–6612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6595-2014, 2014.
Liu, B., Frostegård, Å., and Bakken, L. R.: Impaired reduction of
N2O to N2 in acid soils is due to a posttranscriptional
interference with the expression of nosZ, MBio, 5, e01383, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01383-14, 2014.
Madsen, H. B. and Jensen, N. H.: Potentially acid sulfate soils in relation
to landforms and geology, Catena, 15, 137–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(88)90025-2, 1988.
Maeda, K., Spor, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Heraud, C., Breuil, M.-C., Bizouard,
F., Toyoda, S., Yoshida, N., Steinberg, C., and Philippot, L.: N2O
production, a widespread trait in fungi, Nat. Sci. Rep., 5, 9697, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09697, 2015.
Maljanen, M., Liikanen, A., Silvola, J., and Martikainen, P.J.: Nitrous
oxide emissions from boreal organic soil under different land-use, Soil
Biol. Biochem., 35, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00085-3, 2003.
Mander, Ü., Uuemaa, E., Kull, A., Kanal, A., Maddison, M., Soosaar, K.,
Salm, J.-O., Lesta, M., Hansen, R., Kuller, R., Harding, A., and Augustin,
J.: Assessment of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in rural landscapes,
Landscape Urban Plan., 98, 172–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.08.021, 2010.
Martikainen, P. J., Nykanen, H., Crill, P., and Silvola, J.: Effect of a
lowered water-table on nitrous-oxide fluxes from northern peatlands, Nature,
366, 51–53, https://doi.org/10.1038/366051a0, 1993.
McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J. A.: Generalized Linear Models, 2nd Edn.,
Chapman and Hall/CRC, London, 511 pp., 1989.
Palomo, A., Dechesne, A., and Smets, B. F.: Genomic profiling of Nitrospira species
reveals ecological success of comammox Nitrospira, bioRχiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/612226, 2019.
Pedersen, A. R., Petersen, S. O., and Schelde, K.: A comprehensive approach to
soil-atmosphere trace-gas flux estimation with static chambers, Eur. J. Soil
Sci., 61, 888–902, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01291.x, 2010.
Petersen, S. O.: Diffusion probe for gas sampling in undisturbed soil, Eur.
J. Soil Sci., 65, 663–671, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12170, 2014.
Petersen, S. O., Hoffmann, C. C., Schäfer, C.-M., Blicher-Mathiesen, G., Elsgaard, L., Kristensen, K., Larsen, S. E., Torp, S. B., and Greve, M. H.: Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture, Biogeosciences, 9, 403–422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-403-2012, 2012.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R
Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria,
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 28 November 2019), 2016.
Regina, K., Nykanen, H., Silvola, J., and Martikainen, P. J.: Fluxes of
nitrous oxide from boreal peatlands as affected by peatland type, water
table level and nitrification capacity, Biogeochemistry, 35, 401–418, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02183033, 1996.
Regina, K., Syväsalo, E., Hannukkala, A., and Esala, M.: Fluxes of
N2O from farmed peat soils in Finland, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 55, 591–599,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00622.x, 2004.
Regina, K., Budiman, A., Greve, M. H., Grønlund, A., Kasimir, Å.,
Lehtonen, H., Petersen, S. O., Smith, P., and Wösten, H.: GHG
mitigation of agricultural peatlands requires coherent policies, Clim.
Policy, 16, 522–541, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1022854, 2016.
Rezanezhad, F., Price, J. S., Quinton, W. L., Lennartz, B., Milojevic, T., and
Van Cappellen, P.: Structure of peat soils and implications for water
storage, flow and solute transport: A review update for geochemists, Chem.
Geol., 429, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.03.010, 2016.
Røy, H., Weber, H. S., Tarpgaard, I. H., Ferdelman, T. G., and Jørgensen,
B. B.: Determination of dissimilatory sulfate reduction rates in marine
sediment via radioactive 35S tracer, Limnol. Oceanogr. Method., 12,
196–211, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.196, 2014.
Schothorst, C. J.: Subsidence of low moor peat soils in the western
Netherlands, Geoderma, 17, 265–291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(77)90089-1, 1977.
Spott, O., Russow, R., and Stange, C. F.: Formation of hybrid N2O and
hybrid N2 due to codenitrification: First review of a barely considered
process of microbially mediated N-nitrosation, Soil Biol. Biochem., 43,
1995–2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.014, 2011.
Stieglmeier, M., Mooshammer, M., Kitzler, B., Wanek, W.,
Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Richter, A., and Schleper, C.: Aerobic nitrous
oxide production through N-nitrosating hybrid formation in ammonia-oxidizing
archaea, ISME J., 8, 1135–1146, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.220, 2014.
Stopnišek, N., Gubry-Rangin, C., Höfferle, S., Nicol, G. W.,
Mandic-Mulec, I., and Prosser, J. I.: Thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidation in an
acidic forest peat soil is not influenced by ammonium amendment, Appl.
Environ. Microb., 76, 7626–7634, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00595-10, 2010.
Taft, H. E., Cross, P. A., Edwards-Jones, G., Moorhouse, E. R., and Jones,
D. L.: Greenhouse gas emissions from intensively managed peat soils in an
arable production system, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 237, 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.015, 2017.
Taghizadeh-Toosi, A., Clough, T., Petersen, S. O., Clough, T., and Elsgaard,
L.: Nitrous oxide (N2O) turnover dynamics in agricultural peat soil – in
response to availability role of nitrate, nitrite, and iron sulfides.
Geomicrobiol, ISSN: 0149-0451, 1521-0529 Journal, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2019.1666192,
2019.
Thamdrup, B., Fossing, H., and Jørgensen, B. B.: Manganese, iron, and
sulfur cycling in a coastal marine sediment, Aarhus Bay, Denmark, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 58, 5115–5129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90298-4, 1994.
Torrento, C., Cama, J., Urmeneta, J., Otero, N., and Solar, A.: Denitrification of
groundwater with pyrite and Thiobacillus denitrificans, Chem. Geol., 278, 80–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.09.003, 2010.
Tubiello, F. N., Biancalani, R., Salvatore, M., Roissi, S., and Conchedda,
G.: A worldwide assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic
soils, Sustainability, 8, 13 pp., https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040371, 2016.
Ulrich, G. A., Krumholz, L. R., and Suflita, J. M.: A rapid and simple method
for estimationg sulfate reduction activity and quantifying inorganic
sulfides, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1627–1630, 1997.
Van Cleemput, O. and Samater, A. H.: Nitrite in soils: Accumulation and role
in the formation of gaseous N compounds, Fert. Res., 45, 81–89, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00749884, 1996.
Viollier, E., Inglett, P. W., Hunter, K., Roychoudhury, A. N., and Van
Cappellen, P.: The ferrozine method revisited: Fe(II) ∕ Fe(III) determination
in natural waters, Appl. Geochem., 15, 785–790, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00097-9, 2000.
Whittaker, J.: Graphical models in applied multivariate statistics, John
Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 462 pp., 1990.
Wrage-Mönnig, N., Horn, M. A., Well, R., Müller, C., Velthof, G., and
Oenema, O.: The role of nitrifier denitrification in the production of
nitrous oxide revisited, Soil Biol. Biochem., 123, A3–A16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.03.020, 2018.
Yang, W. H., Weber, K. A., and Silver, W. L.: Nitrogen loss from soil through
anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction, Nat. Geosci., 5,
538–541, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1530, 2012.
Yin, Z., Bi, X., and Xu, C.: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play with
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrogen removal from wastewater,
Archaea Article ID 8429145, 9 pp., https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8429145,
2018.
Short summary
Organic soils drained for crop production or grazing land have high potential for nitrous oxide emissions. The present study investigated the regulation of N2O emissions in a raised bog area drained for agriculture. It seems that archaeal ammonia oxidation and either chemodenitrification or nitrifier denitrification were considered to be plausible pathways of N2O production in spring, whereas in the autumn heterotrophic denitrification may have been more important at arable sites.
Organic soils drained for crop production or grazing land have high potential for nitrous oxide...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint