Articles | Volume 18, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3243-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3243-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 01 Jun 2021
| 01 Jun 2021
The impact of wildfire on biogeochemical fluxes and water quality in boreal catchments
Department Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen
18D, Uppsala, Sweden
Christopher D. Evans
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Joachim Strengbom
Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
P.O. Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Jens Fölster
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Achim Grelle
Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
P.O. Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Johan Strömqvist
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), 601 76
Norrköping, Sweden
Stephan J. Köhler
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Related authors
Paul A. Moore, Maxwell C. Lukenbach, Dan K. Thompson, Nick Kettridge, Gustaf Granath, and James M. Waddington
Biogeosciences, 16, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using very-high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), we assessed the basic structure and microtopographic variability of hummock–hollow plots at boreal and hemi-boreal sites primarily in North America. Using a simple model of peatland biogeochemical function, our results suggest that both surface heating and moss productivity may not be adequately resolved in models which only consider idealized hummock–hollow units.
Gustaf Granath, Håkan Rydin, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Fia Bengtsson, Nicholas Boncek, Luca Bragazza, Zhao-Jun Bu, Simon J. M. Caporn, Ellen Dorrepaal, Olga Galanina, Mariusz Gałka, Anna Ganeva, David P. Gillikin, Irina Goia, Nadezhda Goncharova, Michal Hájek, Akira Haraguchi, Lorna I. Harris, Elyn Humphreys, Martin Jiroušek, Katarzyna Kajukało, Edgar Karofeld, Natalia G. Koronatova, Natalia P. Kosykh, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Elena Lapshina, Juul Limpens, Maiju Linkosalmi, Jin-Ze Ma, Marguerite Mauritz, Tariq M. Munir, Susan M. Natali, Rayna Natcheva, Maria Noskova, Richard J. Payne, Kyle Pilkington, Sean Robinson, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Line Rochefort, David Singer, Hans K. Stenøien, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Kai Vellak, Anouk Verheyden, James Michael Waddington, and Steven K. Rice
Biogeosciences, 15, 5189–5202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Peat constitutes a long-term archive for climate reconstruction by using the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen. We analysed isotopes in two peat moss species across North America and Eurasia. Peat (moss tissue) isotope composition was predicted by soil moisture and isotopic composition of the rainwater but differed between species. Our results suggest that isotope composition can be used on a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.
Thomas C. Parker, Chris Evans, Martin G. Evans, Miriam Glendell, Richard Grayson, Joseph Holden, Changjia Li, Pengfei Li, and Rebekka R. E. Artz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-287, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-287, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Many peatlands around the world are eroding and causing carbon losses to the atmosphere and to freshwater systems. To accurately report emissions from peatlands we need to understand how much of the eroded peat is converted to CO2 once exposed to the atmosphere. We need more direct measurements of this process and a better understanding of the environmental conditions that peat is exposed to after it erodes. This information will help quantify the emissions savings from peatland restoration.
Jennifer Williamson, Chris Evans, Bryan Spears, Amy Pickard, Pippa J. Chapman, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Fraser Leith, Susan Waldron, and Don Monteith
Biogeosciences, 20, 3751–3766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Managing drinking water catchments to minimise water colour could reduce costs for water companies and save their customers money. Brown-coloured water comes from peat soils, primarily around upland reservoirs. Management practices, including blocking drains, removing conifers, restoring peatland plants and reducing burning, have been used to try and reduce water colour. This work brings together published evidence of the effectiveness of these practices to aid water industry decision-making.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 179–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of climate warming on carbon cycling across the Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) remain poorly understood due to the relatively limited distribution of ABZ flux sites. Fortunately, this flux network is constantly increasing, but new measurements are published in various platforms, making it challenging to understand the ABZ carbon cycle as a whole. Here, we compiled a new database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes to help facilitate large-scale assessments of the ABZ carbon cycle.
Jennifer Williamson, Christopher Evans, Bryan Spears, Amy Pickard, Pippa J. Chapman, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Fraser Leith, and Don Monteith
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-450, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-450, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Water companies in the UK have found that drinking water from upland reservoirs is becoming browner. This is costly to treat and if the dissolved organic matter that causes the colour isn't removed potentially harmful chemicals could be produced. Land management around reservoirs has been suggested as a way to reduce water colour. We reviewed the available literature to assess whether this would work. There is limited evidence available to date, although forestry appears to increase colour.
Martin Erlandsson Lampa, Harald U. Sverdrup, Kevin H. Bishop, Salim Belyazid, Ali Ameli, and Stephan J. Köhler
SOIL, 6, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-231-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-231-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we demonstrate how new equations describing base cation release from mineral weathering can reproduce patterns in observations from stream and soil water. This is a major step towards modeling base cation cycling on the catchment scale, which would be valuable for defining the highest sustainable rates of forest harvest and levels of acidifying deposition.
Roger D. Finlay, Shahid Mahmood, Nicholas Rosenstock, Emile B. Bolou-Bi, Stephan J. Köhler, Zaenab Fahad, Anna Rosling, Håkan Wallander, Salim Belyazid, Kevin Bishop, and Bin Lian
Biogeosciences, 17, 1507–1533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1507-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1507-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of biological activity on mineral weathering operate at scales ranging from short-term, microscopic interactions to global, evolutionary timescale processes. Microorganisms have had well-documented effects at large spatio-temporal scales, but to establish the quantitative significance of microscopic measurements for field-scale processes, higher-resolution studies of liquid chemistry at local weathering sites and improved upscaling to soil-scale dissolution rates are still required.
Paul A. Moore, Maxwell C. Lukenbach, Dan K. Thompson, Nick Kettridge, Gustaf Granath, and James M. Waddington
Biogeosciences, 16, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using very-high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), we assessed the basic structure and microtopographic variability of hummock–hollow plots at boreal and hemi-boreal sites primarily in North America. Using a simple model of peatland biogeochemical function, our results suggest that both surface heating and moss productivity may not be adequately resolved in models which only consider idealized hummock–hollow units.
Sarah Cook, Mick J. Whelan, Chris D. Evans, Vincent Gauci, Mike Peacock, Mark H. Garnett, Lip Khoon Kho, Yit Arn Teh, and Susan E. Page
Biogeosciences, 15, 7435–7450, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of fluvial organic carbon loss from oil palm plantations on tropical peat: a carbon loss pathway previously unaccounted for from carbon budgets. Carbon in the water draining four plantations in Sarawak was monitored across a 1-year period. Greater fluvial carbon losses were linked to sites with lower water tables. These data will be used to complete the carbon budget from these ecosystems and assess the full impact of this land conversion.
Alistair Grinham, Simon Albert, Nathaniel Deering, Matthew Dunbabin, David Bastviken, Bradford Sherman, Catherine E. Lovelock, and Christopher D. Evans
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5281–5298, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5281-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5281-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Artificial water bodies are a major source of methane and an important contributor to flooded land greenhouse gas emissions. Past studies focussed on large water supply or hydropower reservoirs with small artificial water bodies (ponds) almost completely ignored. This regional study demonstrated ponds accounted for one-third of flooded land surface area and emitted over 1.6 million t CO2 eq. yr−1 (10 % of land use sector emissions). Ponds should be included in regional GHG inventories.
Gustaf Granath, Håkan Rydin, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Fia Bengtsson, Nicholas Boncek, Luca Bragazza, Zhao-Jun Bu, Simon J. M. Caporn, Ellen Dorrepaal, Olga Galanina, Mariusz Gałka, Anna Ganeva, David P. Gillikin, Irina Goia, Nadezhda Goncharova, Michal Hájek, Akira Haraguchi, Lorna I. Harris, Elyn Humphreys, Martin Jiroušek, Katarzyna Kajukało, Edgar Karofeld, Natalia G. Koronatova, Natalia P. Kosykh, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Elena Lapshina, Juul Limpens, Maiju Linkosalmi, Jin-Ze Ma, Marguerite Mauritz, Tariq M. Munir, Susan M. Natali, Rayna Natcheva, Maria Noskova, Richard J. Payne, Kyle Pilkington, Sean Robinson, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Line Rochefort, David Singer, Hans K. Stenøien, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Kai Vellak, Anouk Verheyden, James Michael Waddington, and Steven K. Rice
Biogeosciences, 15, 5189–5202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Peat constitutes a long-term archive for climate reconstruction by using the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen. We analysed isotopes in two peat moss species across North America and Eurasia. Peat (moss tissue) isotope composition was predicted by soil moisture and isotopic composition of the rainwater but differed between species. Our results suggest that isotope composition can be used on a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.
Jean N. Namugize, Graham P. W. Jewitt, David Clark, and Johan Strömqvist
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-365, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-365, 2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
The research study on testing the capability of HYPE model to simulate streamflow, nitrogen and phosphorus was motivated by the inclusion of in-stream processes of transport and dynamics of nutrients in the routing functions of the model. Results indicate that high streamflow events were represented well, with a general over-simulation of low flows. These findings are consistent with observations of spatial and seasonal distribution of nutrients in the catchment.
Fredrik Lidman, Åsa Boily, Hjalmar Laudon, and Stephan J. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 14, 3001–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The riparian zone is the narrow strip of land that lines a watercourse. This is the last soil that the groundwater is in contact with before it enters the stream and it therefore has a high impact on the water quality. In this paper we show that many elements occur in elevated concentrations in the peat-like riparian zone of boreal headwaters and that this also leads to elevated concentrations in the streams. Hence, understanding riparian soils is crucial for a sustainable management of streams.
J. Temnerud, C. von Brömssen, J. Fölster, I. Buffam, J.-O. Andersson, L. Nyberg, and K. Bishop
Biogeosciences, 13, 399–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-399-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-399-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we test whether river outlet chemistry can be used as an additional source of information to improve the prediction of the total organic carbon (TOC) of headwaters, relative to models based on map information alone. Including river outlet TOC as a predictor in the models gave 5-15 % lower prediction errors than using map information alone. Thus, data on water chemistry measured at river outlets offer information which can complement GIS-based modelling of headwaters chemistry.
D. Wilson, S. D. Dixon, R. R. E. Artz, T. E. L. Smith, C. D. Evans, H. J. F. Owen, E. Archer, and F. Renou-Wilson
Biogeosciences, 12, 5291–5308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5291-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5291-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified carbon dioxide emissions from drained peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom and also measured a range of greenhouse gases that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Our derived carbon dioxide emission factors were considerably lower than those derived by the IPCC, which has major implications for National Inventory reporting under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol.
M. Dietzel, A. Leis, R. Abdalla, J. Savarino, S. Morin, M. E. Böttcher, and S. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 11, 3149–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, 2014
A. M. Ågren, I. Buffam, D. M. Cooper, T. Tiwari, C. D. Evans, and H. Laudon
Biogeosciences, 11, 1199–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1199-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1199-2014, 2014
R. R. E. Artz, S. J. Chapman, M. Saunders, C. D. Evans, and R. B. Matthews
Biogeosciences, 10, 7623–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7623-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7623-2013, 2013
J. L. J. Ledesma, T. Grabs, M. N. Futter, K. H. Bishop, H. Laudon, and S. J. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 10, 3849–3868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3849-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3849-2013, 2013
S. K. Oni, M. N. Futter, K. Bishop, S. J. Köhler, M. Ottosson-Löfvenius, and H. Laudon
Biogeosciences, 10, 2315–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2315-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2315-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Land
Seasonality and synchrony of photosynthesis in African forests inferred from spaceborne chlorophyll fluorescence and vegetation indices
Precipitation–fire functional interactions control biomass stocks and carbon exchanges across the world's largest savanna
Nitrogen concentrations in boreal and temperate tree tissues vary with tree age/size, growth rate, and climate
Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern Finland
Cropland expansion drives vegetation greenness decline in Southeast Asia
How to measure the efficiency of bioenergy crops compared to forestation
Implications of climate and litter quality for simulations of litterbag decomposition at high latitudes
Soil carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models
Monitoring the impact of forest changes on carbon uptake with solar-induced fluorescence measurements from GOME-2A and TROPOMI for an Australian and Chinese case study
Technical note: Flagging inconsistencies in flux tower data
Relevance of near-surface soil moisture vs. terrestrial water storage for global vegetation functioning
High-resolution spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes in the tundra
Long-term additions of ammonium nitrate to montane forest ecosystems may cause limited soil acidification, even in the presence of soil carbonate
Leaf carbon and nitrogen stoichiometric variation along environmental gradients
Gross primary productivity and the predictability of CO2: more uncertainty in what we predict than how well we predict it
Scale variance in the carbon dynamics of fragmented, mixed-use landscapes estimated using model–data fusion
Seasonal controls override forest harvesting effects on the composition of dissolved organic matter mobilized from boreal forest soil organic horizons
Carbon cycle extremes accelerate weakening of the land carbon sink in the late 21st century
Estimating oil-palm Si storage, Si return to soils, and Si losses through harvest in smallholder oil-palm plantations of Sumatra, Indonesia
Assessing the sensitivity of multi-frequency passive microwave vegetation optical depth to vegetation properties
Seasonal variation of mercury concentration of ancient olive groves of Lebanon
Soil organic matter diagenetic state informs boreal forest ecosystem feedbacks to climate change
Upscaling dryland carbon and water fluxes with artificial neural networks of optical, thermal, and microwave satellite remote sensing
Sun-induced fluorescence as a proxy for primary productivity across vegetation types and climates
Technical note: A view from space on global flux towers by MODIS and Landsat: the FluxnetEO data set
Changing sub-Arctic tundra vegetation upon permafrost degradation: impact on foliar mineral element cycling
Land Management Contributes significantly to observed Vegetation Browning in Syria during 2001–2018
MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields tree cover needs calibrating in tropical savannas
Assessing the representation of the Australian carbon cycle in global vegetation models
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework
Reviews and syntheses: Ongoing and emerging opportunities to improve environmental science using observations from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
First pan-Arctic assessment of dissolved organic carbon in lakes of the permafrost region
Examining the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon cycle to the expression of El Niño
Subalpine grassland productivity increased with warmer and drier conditions, but not with higher N deposition, in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Reviews and syntheses: Impacts of plant-silica–herbivore interactions on terrestrial biogeochemical cycling
Implementation of nitrogen cycle in the CLASSIC land model
Combined effects of ozone and drought stress on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds from Quercus robur L.
A bottom-up quantification of foliar mercury uptake fluxes across Europe
Lagged effects regulate the inter-annual variability of the tropical carbon balance
Spatial variations in terrestrial net ecosystem productivity and its local indicators
Nitrogen cycling in CMIP6 land surface models: progress and limitations
Decomposing reflectance spectra to track gross primary production in a subalpine evergreen forest
Sensitivity of 21st century simulated ecosystem indicators to model parameters, prescribed climate drivers, RCP scenarios and forest management actions for two Finnish boreal forest sites
Summarizing the state of the terrestrial biosphere in few dimensions
Patterns and trends of the dominant environmental controls of net biome productivity
Localized basal area affects soil respiration temperature sensitivity in a coastal deciduous forest
Dissolved organic carbon mobilized from organic horizons of mature and harvested black spruce plots in a mesic boreal region
Ideas and perspectives: Proposed best practices for collaboration at cross-disciplinary observatories
Effects of leaf length and development stage on the triple oxygen isotope signature of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity
Response of simulated burned area to historical changes in environmental and anthropogenic factors: a comparison of seven fire models
Russell Doughty, Michael C. Wimberly, Dan Wanyama, Helene Peiro, Nicholas Parazoo, Sean Crowell, and Moses Azong Cho
Biogeosciences, 22, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1985-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1985-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We find West African solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) increases during the dry season and peaks before precipitation, similar to the Amazon. In central Africa, a continental-scale bimodal SIF seasonality appears; its minimum aligns with precipitation, but its maximum seems less environmentally driven. Notably, differences between SIF and vegetation index (VI) seasonality indicate VI-based photosynthesis estimates may be inaccurate.
Mathew Williams, David T. Milodowski, T. Luke Smallman, Kyle G. Dexter, Gabi C. Hegerl, Iain M. McNicol, Michael O'Sullivan, Carla M. Roesch, Casey M. Ryan, Stephen Sitch, and Aude Valade
Biogeosciences, 22, 1597–1614, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1597-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1597-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Southern African woodlands are important in both regional and global carbon cycles. A new carbon analysis created by combining satellite data with ecosystem modelling shows that the region has a neutral C balance overall but with important spatial variations. Patterns of biomass and C balance across the region are the outcome of climate controls on production and vegetation–fire interactions, which determine the mortality of vegetation and spatial variations in vegetation function.
Martin Thurner, Kailiang Yu, Stefano Manzoni, Anatoly Prokushkin, Melanie A. Thurner, Zhiqiang Wang, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 22, 1475–1493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1475-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1475-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen concentrations in tree tissues (leaves, branches, stems, and roots) are related to photosynthesis, growth, and respiration and thus to vegetation carbon uptake. Our novel database allows us to identify the controls of tree tissue nitrogen concentrations in boreal and temperate forests, such as tree age/size, species, and climate. Changes therein will affect tissue nitrogen concentrations and thus also vegetation carbon uptake.
Otso Peräkylä, Erkka Rinne, Ekaterina Ezhova, Anna Lintunen, Annalea Lohila, Juho Aalto, Mika Aurela, Pasi Kolari, and Markku Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Forests are seen as good for climate. Yet, in areas with snow, trees break up the white snow surface and absorb more sunlight than open areas. This has a warming effect, negating some of the climate benefit of trees. We studied two site pairs in Finland, both with an open peatland and a forest. We found that the later the snow melts, the more extra energy the forest absorbs as compared to the peatland. This has implications for the future, as snow cover duration is affected by global warming.
Ruiying Zhao, Xiangzhong Luo, Yuheng Yang, Luri Nurlaila Syahid, Chi Chen, and Janice Ser Huay Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 5393–5406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5393-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5393-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Southeast Asia has been a global hot spot of land-use change over the past 50 years. Meanwhile, it also hosts some of the most carbon-dense and diverse ecosystems in the world. Here, we explore the impact of land-use change, along with other environmental factors, on the ecosystem in Southeast Asia. We find that elevated CO2 imposed a positive impact on vegetation greenness, but the positive impact was largely offset by intensive land-use changes in the region, particularly cropland expansion.
Sabine Egerer, Stefanie Falk, Dorothea Mayer, Tobias Nützel, Wolfgang A. Obermeier, and Julia Pongratz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5005–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a state-of-the-art land model, we find that bioenergy plants can store carbon more efficiently than forests over long periods in the soil, in geological reservoirs, or by substituting fossil-fuel-based energy. Planting forests is more suitable for reaching climate targets by 2050. The carbon removal potential depends also on local environmental conditions. These considerations have important implications for climate policy, spatial planning, nature conservation, and agriculture.
Elin Ristorp Aas, Inge Althuizen, Hui Tang, Sonya Geange, Eva Lieungh, Vigdis Vandvik, and Terje Koren Berntsen
Biogeosciences, 21, 3789–3817, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a soil model to replicate two litterbag decomposition experiments to examine the implications of climate, litter quality, and soil microclimate representation. We found that macroclimate was more important than litter quality for modeled mass loss. By comparing different representations of soil temperature and moisture we found that using observed data did not improve model results. We discuss causes for this and suggest possible improvements to both the model and experimental design.
Rebecca M. Varney, Pierre Friedlingstein, Sarah E. Chadburn, Eleanor J. Burke, and Peter M. Cox
Biogeosciences, 21, 2759–2776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil carbon is the largest store of carbon on the land surface of Earth and is known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Understanding this future response is vital to successfully meeting Paris Agreement targets, which rely heavily on carbon uptake by the land surface. In this study, the individual responses of soil carbon are quantified and compared amongst CMIP6 Earth system models used within the most recent IPCC report, and the role of soils in the land response is highlighted.
Juliëtte C. S. Anema, Klaas Folkert Boersma, Piet Stammes, Gerbrand Koren, William Woodgate, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, and Jacqui Stol
Biogeosciences, 21, 2297–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2297-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2297-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To keep the Paris agreement goals within reach, negative emissions are necessary. They can be achieved with mitigation techniques, such as reforestation, which remove CO2 from the atmosphere. While governments have pinned their hopes on them, there is not yet a good set of tools to objectively determine whether negative emissions do what they promise. Here we show how satellite measurements of plant fluorescence are useful in detecting carbon uptake due to reforestation and vegetation regrowth.
Martin Jung, Jacob Nelson, Mirco Migliavacca, Tarek El-Madany, Dario Papale, Markus Reichstein, Sophia Walther, and Thomas Wutzler
Biogeosciences, 21, 1827–1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a methodology to detect inconsistencies in perhaps the most important data source for measurements of ecosystem–atmosphere carbon, water, and energy fluxes. We expect that the derived consistency flags will be relevant for data users and will help in improving our understanding of and our ability to model ecosystem–climate interactions.
Prajwal Khanal, Anne J. Hoek Van Dijke, Timo Schaffhauser, Wantong Li, Sinikka J. Paulus, Chunhui Zhan, and René Orth
Biogeosciences, 21, 1533–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water availability is essential for vegetation functioning, but the depth of vegetation water uptake is largely unknown due to sparse ground measurements. This study correlates vegetation growth with soil moisture availability globally to infer vegetation water uptake depth using only satellite-based data. We find that the vegetation water uptake depth varies across climate regimes and vegetation types and also changes during dry months at a global scale.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Pekka Niittynen, Julia Kemppinen, Maija E. Marushchak, Carolina Voigt, Geert Hensgens, Johanna Kerttula, Konsta Happonen, Vilna Tyystjärvi, Christina Biasi, Jenni Hultman, Janne Rinne, and Miska Luoto
Biogeosciences, 21, 335–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O are important for climate feedbacks. We combined extensive in situ measurements and remote sensing data to develop machine-learning models to predict GHG fluxes at a 2 m resolution across a tundra landscape. The analysis revealed that the system was a net GHG sink and showed widespread CH4 uptake in upland vegetation types, almost surpassing the high wetland CH4 emissions at the landscape scale.
Thomas Baer, Gerhard Furrer, Stephan Zimmermann, and Patrick Schleppi
Biogeosciences, 20, 4577–4589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4577-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4577-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) deposition to forest ecosystems is a matter of concern because it affects their nutrient status and makes their soil acidic. We observed an ongoing acidification in a montane forest in central Switzerland even if the subsoil of this site contains carbonates and is thus well buffered. We experimentally added N to simulate a higher pollution, and this increased the acidification. After 25 years of study, however, we can see the first signs of recovery, also under higher N deposition.
Huiying Xu, Han Wang, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 20, 4511–4525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4511-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are crucial elements in leaf construction and physiological processes. This study reconciled the roles of phylogeny, species identity, and climate in stoichiometric traits at individual and community levels. The variations in community-level leaf N and C : N ratio were captured by optimality-based models using climate data. Our results provide an approach to improve the representation of leaf stoichiometry in vegetation models to better couple N with C cycling.
István Dunkl, Nicole Lovenduski, Alessio Collalti, Vivek K. Arora, Tatiana Ilyina, and Victor Brovkin
Biogeosciences, 20, 3523–3538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite differences in the reproduction of gross primary productivity (GPP) by Earth system models (ESMs), ESMs have similar predictability of the global carbon cycle. We found that, although GPP variability originates from different regions and is driven by different climatic variables across the ESMs, the ESMs rely on the same mechanisms to predict their own GPP. This shows that the predictability of the carbon cycle is limited by our understanding of variability rather than predictability.
David T. Milodowski, T. Luke Smallman, and Mathew Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 3301–3327, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Model–data fusion (MDF) allows us to combine ecosystem models with Earth observation data. Fragmented landscapes, with a mosaic of contrasting ecosystems, pose a challenge for MDF. We develop a novel MDF framework to estimate the carbon balance of fragmented landscapes and show the importance of accounting for ecosystem heterogeneity to prevent scale-dependent bias in estimated carbon fluxes, disturbance fluxes in particular, and to improve ecological fidelity of the calibrated models.
Keri L. Bowering, Kate A. Edwards, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 20, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) mobilized from surface soils is a source of carbon (C) for deeper mineral horizons but also a mechanism of C loss. Composition of DOM mobilized in boreal forests varied more by season than as a result of forest harvesting. Results suggest reduced snowmelt and increased fall precipitation enhance DOM properties promoting mineral soil C stores. These findings, coupled with hydrology, can inform on soil C fate and boreal forest C balance in response to climate change.
Bharat Sharma, Jitendra Kumar, Auroop R. Ganguly, and Forrest M. Hoffman
Biogeosciences, 20, 1829–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide increases vegetation growth and causes more heatwaves and droughts. The impact of such climate extremes is detrimental to terrestrial carbon uptake capacity. We found that due to overall climate warming, about 88 % of the world's regions towards the end of 2100 will show anomalous losses in net biospheric productivity (NBP) rather than gains. More than 50 % of all negative NBP extremes were driven by the compound effect of dry, hot, and fire conditions.
Britta Greenshields, Barbara von der Lühe, Felix Schwarz, Harold J. Hughes, Aiyen Tjoa, Martyna Kotowska, Fabian Brambach, and Daniela Sauer
Biogeosciences, 20, 1259–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon (Si) can have multiple beneficial effects on crops such as oil palms. In this study, we quantified Si concentrations in various parts of an oil palm (leaflets, rachises, fruit-bunch parts) to derive Si storage estimates for the total above-ground biomass of an oil palm and 1 ha of an oil-palm plantation. We proposed a Si balance by identifying Si return (via palm fronds) and losses (via harvest) in the system and recommend management measures that enhance Si cycling.
Luisa Schmidt, Matthias Forkel, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Samuel Scherrer, Wouter A. Dorigo, Alexander Kuhn-Régnier, Robin van der Schalie, and Marta Yebra
Biogeosciences, 20, 1027–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1027-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1027-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation attenuates natural microwave emissions from the land surface. The strength of this attenuation is quantified as the vegetation optical depth (VOD) parameter and is influenced by the vegetation mass, structure, water content, and observation wavelength. Here we model the VOD signal as a multi-variate function of several descriptive vegetation variables. The results help in understanding the effects of ecosystem properties on VOD.
Nagham Tabaja, David Amouroux, Lamis Chalak, François Fourel, Emmanuel Tessier, Ihab Jomaa, Milad El Riachy, and Ilham Bentaleb
Biogeosciences, 20, 619–633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-619-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-619-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the seasonality of the mercury (Hg) concentration of olive trees. Hg concentrations of foliage, stems, soil surface, and litter were analyzed on a monthly basis in ancient olive trees growing in two groves in Lebanon. Our study draws an adequate baseline for the eastern Mediterranean and for the region with similar climatic inventories on Hg vegetation uptake in addition to being a baseline for new studies on olive trees in the Mediterranean.
Allison N. Myers-Pigg, Karl Kaiser, Ronald Benner, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 20, 489–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-489-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-489-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forests, historically a global sink for atmospheric CO2, store carbon in vast soil reservoirs. To predict how such stores will respond to climate warming we need to understand climate–ecosystem feedbacks. We find boreal forest soil carbon stores are maintained through enhanced nitrogen cycling with climate warming, providing direct evidence for a key feedback. Further application of the approach demonstrated here will improve our understanding of the limits of climate–ecosystem feedbacks.
Matthew P. Dannenberg, Mallory L. Barnes, William K. Smith, Miriam R. Johnston, Susan K. Meerdink, Xian Wang, Russell L. Scott, and Joel A. Biederman
Biogeosciences, 20, 383–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earth's drylands provide ecosystem services to many people and will likely be strongly affected by climate change, but it is quite challenging to monitor the productivity and water use of dryland plants with satellites. We developed and tested an approach for estimating dryland vegetation activity using machine learning to combine information from multiple satellite sensors. Our approach excelled at estimating photosynthesis and water use largely due to the inclusion of satellite soil moisture.
Mark Pickering, Alessandro Cescatti, and Gregory Duveiller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4833–4864, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores two of the most recent products in carbon productivity estimation, FLUXCOM gross primary productivity (GPP), calculated by upscaling local measurements of CO2 exchange, and remotely sensed sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence (SIF). High-resolution SIF data are valuable in demonstrating similarity in the SIF–GPP relationship between vegetation covers, provide an independent probe of the FLUXCOM GPP model and demonstrate the response of SIF to meteorological fluctuations.
Sophia Walther, Simon Besnard, Jacob Allen Nelson, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, Mirco Migliavacca, Ulrich Weber, Nuno Carvalhais, Sofia Lorena Ermida, Christian Brümmer, Frederik Schrader, Anatoly Stanislavovich Prokushkin, Alexey Vasilevich Panov, and Martin Jung
Biogeosciences, 19, 2805–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite observations help interpret station measurements of local carbon, water, and energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere and are indispensable for simulations of the same in land surface models and their evaluation. We propose generalisable and efficient approaches to systematically ensure high quality and to estimate values in data gaps. We apply them to satellite data of surface reflectance and temperature with different resolutions at the stations.
Elisabeth Mauclet, Yannick Agnan, Catherine Hirst, Arthur Monhonval, Benoît Pereira, Aubry Vandeuren, Maëlle Villani, Justin Ledman, Meghan Taylor, Briana L. Jasinski, Edward A. G. Schuur, and Sophie Opfergelt
Biogeosciences, 19, 2333–2351, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming and permafrost degradation largely affect tundra vegetation. Wetter lowlands show an increase in sedges, whereas drier uplands favor shrub expansion. Here, we demonstrate that the difference in the foliar elemental composition of typical tundra vegetation species controls the change in local foliar elemental stock and potential mineral element cycling through litter production upon a shift in tundra vegetation.
Tiexi Chen, Renjie Guo, Qingyun Yan, Xin Chen, Shengjie Zhou, Chuanzhuang Liang, Xueqiong Wei, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 19, 1515–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Currently people are very concerned about vegetation changes and their driving factors, including natural and anthropogenic drivers. In this study, a general browning trend is found in Syria during 2001–2018, indicated by the vegetation index. We found that land management caused by social unrest is the main cause of this browning phenomenon. The mechanism initially reported here highlights the importance of land management impacts at the regional scale.
Rahayu Adzhar, Douglas I. Kelley, Ning Dong, Charles George, Mireia Torello Raventos, Elmar Veenendaal, Ted R. Feldpausch, Oliver L. Phillips, Simon L. Lewis, Bonaventure Sonké, Herman Taedoumg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Tomas Domingues, Luzmila Arroyo, Gloria Djagbletey, Gustavo Saiz, and France Gerard
Biogeosciences, 19, 1377–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) product underestimates tree cover compared to field data and could be underestimating tree cover significantly across the tropics. VCF is used to represent land cover or validate model performance in many land surface and global vegetation models and to train finer-scaled Earth observation products. Because underestimation in VCF may render it unsuitable for training data and bias model predictions, it should be calibrated before use in the tropics.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, Daniel S. Goll, Vanessa Haverd, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Etsushi Kato, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Anthony P. Walker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 18, 5639–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Australian continent is included in global assessments of the carbon cycle such as the global carbon budget, yet the performance of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) over Australia has rarely been evaluated. We assessed simulations by an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models over Australia and highlighted a number of key areas that lead to model divergence on both short (inter-annual) and long (decadal) timescales.
Juhwan Lee, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, Mingxi Zhang, Zhongkui Luo, and Ying-Ping Wang
Biogeosciences, 18, 5185–5202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed Roth C simulations across Australia and assessed the response of soil carbon to changing inputs and future climate change using a consistent modelling framework. Site-specific initialisation of the C pools with measurements of the C fractions is essential for accurate simulations of soil organic C stocks and composition at a large scale. With further warming, Australian soils will become more vulnerable to C loss: natural environments > native grazing > cropping > modified grazing.
Anam M. Khan, Paul C. Stoy, James T. Douglas, Martha Anderson, George Diak, Jason A. Otkin, Christopher Hain, Elizabeth M. Rehbein, and Joel McCorkel
Biogeosciences, 18, 4117–4141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4117-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4117-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Remote sensing has played an important role in the study of land surface processes. Geostationary satellites, such as the GOES-R series, can observe the Earth every 5–15 min, providing us with more observations than widely used polar-orbiting satellites. Here, we outline current efforts utilizing geostationary observations in environmental science and look towards the future of GOES observations in the carbon cycle, ecosystem disturbance, and other areas of application in environmental science.
Lydia Stolpmann, Caroline Coch, Anne Morgenstern, Julia Boike, Michael Fritz, Ulrike Herzschuh, Kathleen Stoof-Leichsenring, Yury Dvornikov, Birgit Heim, Josefine Lenz, Amy Larsen, Katey Walter Anthony, Benjamin Jones, Karen Frey, and Guido Grosse
Biogeosciences, 18, 3917–3936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3917-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our new database summarizes DOC concentrations of 2167 water samples from 1833 lakes in permafrost regions across the Arctic to provide insights into linkages between DOC and environment. We found increasing lake DOC concentration with decreasing permafrost extent and higher DOC concentrations in boreal permafrost sites compared to tundra sites. Our study shows that DOC concentration depends on the environmental properties of a lake, especially permafrost extent, ecoregion, and vegetation.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 2181–2203, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) describes changes in the sea surface temperature patterns of the Pacific Ocean. This influences the global weather, impacting vegetation on land. There are two types of El Niño: central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP). In this study, we explored the long-term impacts on the carbon balance on land linked to the two El Niño types. Using a dynamic vegetation model, we simulated what would happen if only either CP or EP El Niño events had occurred.
Matthias Volk, Matthias Suter, Anne-Lena Wahl, and Seraina Bassin
Biogeosciences, 18, 2075–2090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2075-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2075-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Grassland ecosystem services like forage production and greenhouse gas storage in the soil depend on plant growth.
In an experiment in the mountains with warming treatments, we found that despite dwindling soil water content, the grassland growth increased with up to +1.3 °C warming (annual mean) compared to present temperatures. Even at +2.4 °C the growth was still larger than at the reference site.
This suggests that plant growth will increase due to global warming in the near future.
Bernice C. Hwang and Daniel B. Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 18, 1259–1268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Despite growing recognition of herbivores as important ecosystem engineers, many major gaps remain in our understanding of how silicon and herbivory interact to shape biogeochemical processes. We highlight the need for more research particularly in natural settings as well as on the potential effects of herbivory on terrestrial silicon cycling to understand potentially critical animal–plant–soil feedbacks.
Ali Asaadi and Vivek K. Arora
Biogeosciences, 18, 669–706, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-669-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-669-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
More than a quarter of the current anthropogenic CO2 emissions are taken up by land, reducing the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. This is because of the CO2 fertilization effect which benefits 80 % of global vegetation. However, if nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients cannot keep up with increasing atmospheric CO2, the magnitude of this terrestrial ecosystem service may reduce in future. This paper implements nitrogen constraints on photosynthesis in a model to understand the mechanisms involved.
Arianna Peron, Lisa Kaser, Anne Charlott Fitzky, Martin Graus, Heidi Halbwirth, Jürgen Greiner, Georg Wohlfahrt, Boris Rewald, Hans Sandén, and Thomas Karl
Biogeosciences, 18, 535–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-535-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-535-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Drought events are expected to become more frequent with climate change. Along with these events atmospheric ozone is also expected to increase. Both can stress plants. Here we investigate to what extent these factors modulate the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oak plants. We find an antagonistic effect between drought stress and ozone, impacting the emission of different BVOCs, which is indirectly controlled by stomatal opening, allowing plants to control their water budget.
Lena Wohlgemuth, Stefan Osterwalder, Carl Joseph, Ansgar Kahmen, Günter Hoch, Christine Alewell, and Martin Jiskra
Biogeosciences, 17, 6441–6456, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6441-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6441-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury uptake by trees from the air represents an important but poorly quantified pathway in the global mercury cycle. We determined mercury uptake fluxes by leaves and needles at 10 European forests which were 4 times larger than mercury deposition via rainfall. The amount of mercury taken up by leaves and needles depends on their age and growing height on the tree. Scaling up our measurements to the forest area of Europe, we estimate that each year 20 t of mercury is taken up by trees.
A. Anthony Bloom, Kevin W. Bowman, Junjie Liu, Alexandra G. Konings, John R. Worden, Nicholas C. Parazoo, Victoria Meyer, John T. Reager, Helen M. Worden, Zhe Jiang, Gregory R. Quetin, T. Luke Smallman, Jean-François Exbrayat, Yi Yin, Sassan S. Saatchi, Mathew Williams, and David S. Schimel
Biogeosciences, 17, 6393–6422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6393-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6393-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model of the 2001–2015 tropical land carbon cycle, with satellite measurements of land and atmospheric carbon, to disentangle lagged and concurrent effects (due to past and concurrent meteorological events, respectively) on annual land–atmosphere carbon exchanges. The variability of lagged effects explains most 2001–2015 inter-annual carbon flux variations. We conclude that concurrent and lagged effects need to be accurately resolved to better predict the world's land carbon sink.
Erqian Cui, Chenyu Bian, Yiqi Luo, Shuli Niu, Yingping Wang, and Jianyang Xia
Biogeosciences, 17, 6237–6246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6237-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Mean annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is related to the magnitude of the carbon sink of a specific ecosystem, while its inter-annual variation (IAVNEP) characterizes the stability of such a carbon sink. Thus, a better understanding of the co-varying NEP and IAVNEP is critical for locating the major and stable carbon sinks on land. Based on daily NEP observations from eddy-covariance sites, we found local indicators for the spatially varying NEP and IAVNEP, respectively.
Taraka Davies-Barnard, Johannes Meyerholt, Sönke Zaehle, Pierre Friedlingstein, Victor Brovkin, Yuanchao Fan, Rosie A. Fisher, Chris D. Jones, Hanna Lee, Daniele Peano, Benjamin Smith, David Wårlind, and Andy J. Wiltshire
Biogeosciences, 17, 5129–5148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5129-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5129-2020, 2020
Rui Cheng, Troy S. Magney, Debsunder Dutta, David R. Bowling, Barry A. Logan, Sean P. Burns, Peter D. Blanken, Katja Grossmann, Sophia Lopez, Andrew D. Richardson, Jochen Stutz, and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4523–4544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4523-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4523-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured reflected sunlight from an evergreen canopy for a year to detect changes in pigments that play an important role in regulating the seasonality of photosynthesis. Results show a strong mechanistic link between spectral reflectance features and pigment content, which is validated using a biophysical model. Our results show spectrally where, why, and when spectral features change over the course of the season and show promise for estimating photosynthesis remotely.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Francesco Minunno, Tuula Aalto, Annikki Mäkelä, Tiina Markkanen, and Mikko Peltoniemi
Biogeosciences, 17, 2681–2700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2681-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2681-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the relative magnitude of uncertainty sources on ecosystem indicators of the 21st century climate change on two boreal forest sites. In addition to RCP and climate model uncertainties, we included the overlooked model parameter uncertainty and management actions in our analysis. Management was the dominant uncertainty factor for the more verdant southern site, followed by RCP, climate and parameter uncertainties. The uncertainties were estimated with canonical correlation analysis.
Guido Kraemer, Gustau Camps-Valls, Markus Reichstein, and Miguel D. Mahecha
Biogeosciences, 17, 2397–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2397-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2397-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To closely monitor the state of our planet, we require systems that can monitor
the observation of many different properties at the same time. We create
indicators that resemble the behavior of many different simultaneous
observations. We apply the method to create indicators representing the
Earth's biosphere. The indicators show a productivity gradient and a water
gradient. The resulting indicators can detect a large number of changes and
extremes in the Earth system.
Barbara Marcolla, Mirco Migliavacca, Christian Rödenbeck, and Alessandro Cescatti
Biogeosciences, 17, 2365–2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2365-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2365-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the sensitivity of terrestrial CO2 fluxes to climate drivers. We observed that CO2 flux is mostly controlled by temperature during the growing season and by radiation off season. We also observe that radiation importance is increasing over time while sensitivity to temperature is decreasing in Eurasia. Ultimately this analysis shows that ecosystem response to climate is changing, with potential repercussions for future terrestrial sink and land role in climate mitigation.
Stephanie C. Pennington, Nate G. McDowell, J. Patrick Megonigal, James C. Stegen, and Ben Bond-Lamberty
Biogeosciences, 17, 771–780, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-771-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-771-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration (Rs) is the flow of CO2 from the soil surface to the atmosphere and is one of the largest carbon fluxes on land. This study examined the effect of local basal area (tree area) on Rs in a coastal forest in eastern Maryland, USA. Rs measurements were taken as well as distance from soil collar, diameter, and species of each tree within a 15 m radius. We found that trees within 5 m of our sampling points had a positive effect on how sensitive soil respiration was to temperature.
Keri L. Bowering, Kate A. Edwards, Karen Prestegaard, Xinbiao Zhu, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 17, 581–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-581-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-581-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the effects of season and tree harvesting on the flow of water and the organic carbon (OC) it carries from boreal forest soils. We found that more OC was lost from the harvested forest because more precipitation reached the soil surface but that during periods of flushing in autumn and snowmelt a limit on the amount of water-extractable OC is reached. These results contribute to an increased understanding of carbon loss from boreal forest soils.
Jason Philip Kaye, Susan L. Brantley, Jennifer Zan Williams, and the SSHCZO team
Biogeosciences, 16, 4661–4669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4661-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4661-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Interdisciplinary teams can only capitalize on innovative ideas if members work well together through collegial and efficient use of field sites, instrumentation, samples, data, and model code. Thus, biogeoscience teams may benefit from developing a set of best practices for collaboration. We present one such example from a the Susquehanna Shale Hills critical zone observatory. Many of the themes from our example are universal, and they offer insights useful to other biogeoscience teams.
Anne Alexandre, Elizabeth Webb, Amaelle Landais, Clément Piel, Sébastien Devidal, Corinne Sonzogni, Martine Couapel, Jean-Charles Mazur, Monique Pierre, Frédéric Prié, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Clément Outrequin, and Jacques Roy
Biogeosciences, 16, 4613–4625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4613-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4613-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This calibration study shows that despite isotope heterogeneity along grass leaves, the triple oxygen isotope composition of bulk leaf phytoliths can be estimated from the Craig and Gordon model, a mixing equation and a mean leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent (lambda) of 0.521. The results strengthen the reliability of the 17O–excess of phytoliths to be used as a proxy of atmospheric relative humidity and open tracks for its use as an imprint of leaf water 17O–excess.
Lina Teckentrup, Sandy P. Harrison, Stijn Hantson, Angelika Heil, Joe R. Melton, Matthew Forrest, Fang Li, Chao Yue, Almut Arneth, Thomas Hickler, Stephen Sitch, and Gitta Lasslop
Biogeosciences, 16, 3883–3910, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3883-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3883-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares simulated burned area of seven global vegetation models provided by the Fire Model Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) since 1900. We investigate the influence of five forcing factors: atmospheric CO2, population density, land–use change, lightning and climate.
We find that the anthropogenic factors lead to the largest spread between models. Trends due to climate are mostly not significant but climate strongly influences the inter-annual variability of burned area.
Cited articles
Ahlgren, I. F. and Ahlgren, C. E.: Ecological effects of forest fires, Bot.
Rev., 26, 483–533, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02940573, 1960.
Amiro, B. D., Chen, J. M., and Liu, J.: Net primary productivity following
forest fire for Canadian ecoregions, Can. J. For. Res., 30, 939–947,
https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-025, 2000.
Amiro, B. D., MacPherson, J. I., Desjardins, R. L., Chen, J. M., and Liu, J.:
Post-fire carbon dioxide fluxes in the western Canadian boreal forest:
evidence from towers, aircraft and remote sensing, Agr. Forest Meteorol.,
115, 91–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00170-3, 2003.
Amiro, B. D., Barr, A. G., Barr, J. G., Black, T. A., Bracho, R., Brown, M.,
Chen, J., Clark, K. L., Davis, K. J., Desai, A. R., Dore, S., Engel, V.,
Fuentes, J. D., Goldstein, A. H., Goulden, M. L., Kolb, T. E., Lavigne, M.
B., Law, B. E., Margolis, H. A., Martin, T., McCaughey, J. H., Misson, L.,
Montes-Helu, M., Noormets, A., Randerson, J. T., Starr, G., and Xiao, J.:
Ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North
America, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 115, G00K02,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001390, 2010.
Aubinet, M., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Rannik, Ü., Moncrieff, J., Foken,
T., Kowalski, A. S., Martin, P. H., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, Ch., Clement,
R., Elbers, J., Granier, A., Grünwald, T., Morgenstern, K., Pilegaard,
K., Rebmann, C., Snijders, W., Valentini, R., and Vesala, T.: Estimates Of
The Annual Net Carbon And Water Exchange Of Forests: The EUROFLUX
methodology, in: Advances in Ecological Research, Vol. 30, edited by:
Fitter, A. H. and Raffaelli, D. G., 113–175, Academic Press, 1999.
Aulenbach, B. T., Burns, D. A., Shanley, J. B., Yanai, R. D., Bae, K., Wild,
A. D., Yang, Y., and Yi, D:. Approaches to stream solute load estimation for
solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watersheds, Ecosphere,
7, e01298, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1298, 2016.
Bastviken, D., Sandén, P., Svensson, T., Ståhlberg, A. C.,
Magounakis, M., and Oberg, G.: Chloride retention and release in a boreal
forest soil: effects of soil water residence time and nitrogen and chloride
loads, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2977–2982, 2006.
Bayley, S. E., Schindler, D. W., Parker, B. R., Stainton, M. P., and Beaty,
K. G.: Effects of forest fire and drought on acidity of a base-poor boreal
forest stream: similarities between climatic warming and acidic
precipitation, Biogeochemistry, 17, 191–204, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004041,
1992.
Betts, E. F. and Jones, J. B.: Impact of wildfire on stream nutrient
chemistry and ecosystem metabolism in boreal forest catchments of interior
Alaska, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 41, 407–417,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-41.4.407, 2009.
Bladon, K. D., Silins, U., Wagner, M. J., Stone, M., Emelko, M. B., Mendoza,
C. A., Devito, K. J., and Boon, S.: Wildfire impacts on nitrogen
concentration and production from headwater streams in southern Alberta's
Rocky Mountains, Can. J. For. Res., 38, 2359–2371, https://doi.org/10.1139/X08-071,
2008.
Bladon, K. D., Emelko, M. B., Silins, U., and Stone, M.: Wildfire and the
future of water supply, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8936–8943,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es500130g, 2014.
Bodí, M. B., Martin, D. A., Balfour, V. N., Santín, C., Doerr, S.
H., Pereira, P., Cerdà, A., and Mataix-Solera, J.: Wildland fire ash:
production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects, Earth-Sci. Rev.,
130, 103–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007, 2014.
Bond-Lamberty, B., Peckham, S. D., Ahl, D. E., and Gower, S. T.: Fire as the
dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance, Nature,
450, 89–92, 2007.
Brais, S., David, P., and Ouimet, R.: Impacts of wild fire severity and
salvage harvesting on the nutrient balance of jack pine and black spruce
boreal stands, Forest Ecol. Manag., 137, 231–243,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00331-X, 2000.
Buffam, I., Laudon, H., Temnerud, J., Mörth, C.-M., and Bishop, K.:
Landscape-scale variability of acidity and dissolved organic carbon during
spring flood in a boreal stream network, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
112, G01022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000218, 2007.
Burd, K., Tank, S. E., Dion, N., Quinton, W. L., Spence, C., Tanentzap, A. J., and Olefeldt, D.: Seasonal shifts in export of DOC and nutrients from burned and unburned peatland-rich catchments, Northwest Territories, Canada, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4455–4472, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4455-2018, 2018.
Burke, J. M., Prepas, E. E., and Pinder, S.: Runoff and phosphorus export
patterns in large forested watersheds on the western Canadian Boreal Plain
before and for 4 years after wildfire, J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 4,
319–325, https://doi.org/10.1139/s04-072, 2005.
Bürkner, P.-C.: brms: An R Package for Bayesian Multilevel Models Using
Stan, J. Stat. Softw., 80, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v080.i01, 2017.
Carignan, R., D'Arcy, P., and Lamontagne, S.: Comparative impacts of fire and
forest harvesting on water quality in Boreal Shield lakes, Can. J. Fish.
Aquat. Sci., 57, 105–117, https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-125, 2000.
Carslaw, D. C. and Ropkins, K.: openair – An R package for air quality
data analysis, Environ. Model. Softw., 27/28, 52–61,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008, 2012.
Certini, G.: Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review,
Oecologia, 143, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8, 2005.
Dannenmann, M., Díaz-Pinés, E., Kitzler, B., Karhu, K., Tejedor,
J., Ambus, P., Parra, A., Sánchez-Martin, L., Resco, V., Ramírez,
D. A., Povoas-Guimaraes, L., Willibald, G., Gasche, R.,
Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Kraus, D., Castaldi, S., Vallejo, A., Rubio,
A., Moreno, J. M., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Postfire nitrogen balance of
Mediterranean shrublands: Direct combustion losses versus gaseous and
leaching losses from the postfire soil mineral nitrogen flush, Glob. Change
Biol., 24, 4505–4520, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14388, 2018.
Emelko, M. B., Silins, U., Bladon, K. D., and Stone, M.: Implications of land
disturbance on drinking water treatability in a changing climate:
Demonstrating the need for “source water supply and protection”
strategies, Water Res., 45, 461–472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.051,
2011.
Evans, C. D., Malcolm, I. A., Shilland, E. M., Rose, N. L., Turner, S. D.,
Crilly, A., Norris, D., Granath, G., and Monteith, D. T.: Sustained
biogeochemical impacts of wildfire in a mountain lake catchment, Ecosystems,
20, 813–829, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0064-1, 2017.
Flannigan, M., Stocks, B., Turetsky, M., and Wotton, M.: Impacts of climate
change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest,
Glob. Change Biol., 15, 549–560, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01660.x,
2009.
Fölster, J., Johnson, R. K., Futter, M. N., and Wilander, A.: The Swedish
monitoring of surface waters: 50 years of adaptive monitoring, AMBIO, 43,
3–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0558-z, 2014.
González-Pérez, J. A., González-Vila, F. J., Almendros, G., and
Knicker, H.: The effect of fire on soil organic matter – a review, Environ.
Int., 30, 855–870, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.003, 2004.
Goulden, M. L., Mcmillan, A. M. S., Winston, G. C., Rocha, A. V., Manies, K.
L., Harden, J. W., and Bond-Lamberty, B. P.: Patterns of NPP, GPP,
respiration, and NEP during boreal forest succession, Glob. Change Biol.,
17, 855–871, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02274.x, 2011.
Granath, G., Moore, P. A., Lukenbach, M. C., and Waddington, J. M.:
Mitigating wildfire carbon loss in managed northern peatlands through
restoration, Sci. Rep., 6, 28498, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28498, 2016.
Granath, G. , Evans, C. D., Strengbom, J., Fölster, J., Grelle, A., Strömqvist, J., and Köhler, S. J.: Data set: The impact of wildfire on biogeochemical fluxes and water quality on boreal catchments, Zenodo [Dataset], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4699632, 2021.
Grier, C. C.: Wildfire effects on nutrient distribution and leaching in a
coniferous ecosystem, Can. J. For. Res., 5, 599–607,
https://doi.org/10.1139/x75-087, 1975.
Grogan, P., Burns, T. D., and Iii, F. S. C.: Fire effects on ecosystem
nitrogen cycling in a Californian bishop pine forest, Oecologia, 122,
537–544, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050977, 2000.
Gustafsson, L., Berglind, M., Granström, A., Grelle, A., Isacsson, G.,
Kjellander, P., Larsson, S., Lindh, M., Pettersson, L. B., Strengbom, J.,
Stridh, B., Sävström, T., Thor, G., Wikars, L.-O., and Mikusiński,
G.: Rapid ecological response and intensified knowledge accumulation
following a north European mega-fire, Scand. J. Forest Res., 34, 234–253,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2019.1603323, 2019.
Hadden, D. and Grelle, A.: Net CO2 emissions from a primary
boreo-nemoral forest over a 10year period, Forest Ecol. Manag., 398, 164–173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.05.008, 2017.
Hauer, F. and Spencer, C.: Phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics in streams
associated with wildfire: a study of immediate and longterm effects, Int. J.
Wildland Fire, 8, 183–198, 1998.
Hijmans, R. J., Etten, J. van, Sumner, M., Cheng, J., Bevan, A., Bivand, R.,
Busetto, L., Canty, M., Forrest, D., Ghosh, A., Golicher, D., Gray, J.,
Greenberg, J. A., Hiemstra, P., Karney, C.,
Mattiuzzi, M., Mosher, S., Nowosad, J., Pebesma, E., Lamigueiro, O. P.,
Racine, E. B., Rowlingson, B., Shortridge, A., Venables, B., and Wueest, R.:
raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling, available at:
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster, last access: 15 April 2019.
Humborg, C., Smedberg, Erik, Blomqvist, S., Mörth, C.-M., Brink, J.,
Rahm, L., Danielsson, Å., and Sahlberg, J.: Nutrient variations in boreal
and subarctic Swedish rivers: Landscape control of land- sea fluxes, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 49, 1871–1883, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1871, 2004.
Johnson, D., Murphy, J. D., Walker, R. F., Glass, D. W., and Miller, W. W.:
Wildfire effects on forest carbon and nutrient budgets, Ecol. Eng., 31,
183–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.03.003, 2007.
Jones, M. W., Santín, C., van der Werf, G. R., and Doerr, S. H.: Global
fire emissions buffered by the production of pyrogenic carbon, Nat. Geosci.,
12, 742–747, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0403-x, 2019.
Jonsson, B. G., Ekström, M., Esseen, P. A., Grafström, A.,
Ståhl, G., and Westerlund, B.: Dead wood availability in managed
Swedish forests–Policy outcomes and implications for biodiversity, Forest
Ecol. Manag., 376, 174–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.017, 2016.
Kashian, D. M., Romme, W. H., Tinker, D. B., Turner, M. G., and Ryan, M. G.:
Postfire changes in forest carbon storage over a 300-year chronosequence of
Pinus contorta-dominated forests, Ecol. Monogr., 83, 49–66,
https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1454.1, 2013.
Kelly, R., Genet, H., McGuire, A. D., and Hu, F. S.: Palaeodata-informed
modelling of large carbon losses from recent burning of boreal forests, Nat.
Clim. Change, 6, 79–82, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2832, 2016.
Kishchuk, B. E., Morris, D. M., Lorente, M., Keddy, T., Sidders, D.,
Quideau, S., Thiffault, E., Kwiaton, M., and Maynard, D.: Disturbance
intensity and dominant cover type influence rate of boreal soil carbon
change: A Canadian multi-regional analysis, Forest Ecol. Manag., 381, 48–62,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.002, 2016.
Knicker, H.: How does fire affect the nature and stability of soil organic
nitrogen and carbon? A review, Biogeochemistry, 85, 91–118,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9104-4, 2007.
Köhler, S.: Estimating organic acid dissociation in natural surface
waters using total alkalinity and TOC, Water Res., 34, 1425–1434,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00315-2, 2000.
Kopáček, J., Evans, C. D., Hejzlar, J., Kaňa, J., Porcal, P., and
Šantrůčková, H.: Factors affecting the leaching of dissolved
organic carbon after tree dieback in an unmanaged european mountain forest,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 6291–6299, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00478,
2018.
Kristensen, T., Ohlson, M., Bolstad, P., and Nagy, Z.: Spatial variability of
organic layer thickness and carbon stocks in mature boreal forest
stands – implications and suggestions for sampling designs, Environ. Monit.
Assess., 187, 521, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4741-x, 2015.
Lamontagne, S., Carignan, R., D'Arcy, P., Prairie, Y. T., and Paré, D.:
Element export in runoff from eastern Canadian Boreal Shield drainage basins
following forest harvesting and wildfires, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,
57, 118–128, https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-108, 2000.
Lantmäteriet: Produktbeskrivning, GSD-Höjddata, grid 2+, version 1.7, 2014.
Laudon, H., Köhler, S., and Buffam, I.: Seasonal TOC export from seven
boreal catchments in northern Sweden, Aquat. Sci., 66, 223–230,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-004-0700-2, 2004.
Ledesma, J. L. J., Grabs, T., Bishop, K. H., Schiff, S. L., and Köhler,
S. J.: Potential for long-term transfer of dissolved organic carbon from
riparian zones to streams in boreal catchments, Glob. Change Biol., 21,
2963–2979, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12872, 2015.
Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B. (Eds.): Handbook of micrometeorology: a
guide for surface flux measurement and analysis, Kluwer Acad. Publication,
Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2004.
Likens, G. E., Bormann, F. H., Johnson, N. M., Fisher, D. W., and Pierce, R.
S.: Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in
the hubbard brook watershed ecosystem, Ecol. Monogr., 40, 23–47,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1942440, 1970.
Lindström, G., Pers, C., Rosberg, J., Strömqvist, J., and Arheimer,
B.: Development and testing of the HYPE (Hydrological Predictions for the
Environment) water quality model for different spatial scales, Hydrol. Res.,
41, 295–319, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2010.007, 2010.
Lydersen, E., Høgberget, R., Moreno, C. E., Garmo, Ø. A., and Hagen, P.
C.: The effects of wildfire on the water chemistry of dilute, acidic lakes
in southern Norway, Biogeochemistry, 119, 109–124,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9951-8, 2014.
Marklund, L. G.: Biomass Functions for Pine, Spruce and Birch in Sweden,
Department of Forest Survey, SLU, Report 54, 1988.
Mast, M. A. and Clow, D. W.: Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry
in Glacier National Park, Montana, Hydrol. Process., 22, 5013–5023,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7121, 2008.
Mast, M. A., Murphy, S. F., Clow, D. W., Penn, C. A., and Sexstone, G. A.:
Water-quality response to a high-elevation wildfire in the Colorado Front
Range, Hydrol. Process., 30, 1811–1823, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10755, 2016.
McEachern, P., Prepas, E. E., Gibson, J. J., and Dinsmore, W. P.: Forest fire
induced impacts on phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations in
boreal subarctic lakes of northern Alberta, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,
57, 73–81, https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-124, 2000.
Miljödata-MVM.: National data host lakes and watercourses, and national
data host agricultural land, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
(SLU), available at: http://miljodata.slu.se/mvm/, last access: 1 March 2020.
Minderman, G.: Addition, decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in
forest, J. Ecol., 56, 355–362, https://doi.org/10.2307/2258238, 1968.
Minkkinen, K. and Laine, J.: Effects of forest drainage on the peat bulk
density of pine mires in Finland, Can. J. For. Res., 28, 178–186, 1998.
Minshall, G. W., Brock, J. T., Andrews, D. A., and Robinson, C. T.: Water
quality, substratum and biotic responses of five central Idaho (USA) streams
during the first year following the Mortar Creek fire, Int. J. Wildland
Fire, 10, 185–199, https://doi.org/10.1071/wf01017, 2001.
Mitchell, G. and McDonald, A. T.: Catchment characterization as a tool for
upland water quality management, J. Environ. Manage., 44, 83–95,
https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1995.0032, 1995.
Mroz, G. D., Jurgensen, M. F., Harvey, A. E., and Larsen, M. J.: Effects of
fire on nitrogen in forest floor horizons 1, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44,
395–400, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020038x, 1980.
Myneni, R., Knyazikhin, Y., and Park, T.: MCD15A2H MODIS/Terra+Aqua Leaf
Area Index/FPAR 8-day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid V006, NASA EOSDIS Land
Processes DAAC,
https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD15A2H.006, 2015.
Olefeldt, D., Devito, K. J., and Turetsky, M. R.: Sources and fate of
terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in lakes of a Boreal Plains region
recently affected by wildfire, Biogeosciences, 10, 6247–6265,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6247-2013, 2013.
Parro, K., Köster, K., Jõgiste, K., Seglinš, K., Sims, A.,
Stanturf, J. A., and Metslaid, M.: Impact of post-fire management on soil
respiration, carbon and nitrogen content in a managed hemiboreal forest, J.
Environ. Manag., 233, 371–377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.050, 2019.
Pérez-Izquierdo, L., Clemmensen, K. E., Strengbom, J., Granath, G.,
Wardle, D. A., Nilsson, M. C., and Lindahl, B. D.: Crown-fire severity is
more important than ground-fire severity in determining soil fungal
community development in the boreal forest, J. Ecol., 109, 504–518,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13529, 2021.
R Development Core Team: R: a language and environment for statistical
computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna Austria,
available at: https://www.R-project.org (last access: 25 May 2021), 2016.
Repola, J.: Models for vertical wood density of Scots pine, Norway spruce
and birch stems, and their application to determine average wood density,
Silva Fenn., 40, 673–685, 2006.
Rhoades, C. C., Chow, A. T., Covino, T. P., Fegel, T. S., Pierson, D. N., and
Rhea, A. E.: The legacy of a severe wildfire on stream nitrogen and carbon
in headwater catchments, Ecosystems, 22, 643–657, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0293-6, 2019.
Rodríguez-Cardona, B. M., Coble, A. A., Wymore, A. S., Kolosov, R.,
Podgorski, D. C., Zito, P., Spencer, R. G. M., Prokushkin, A. S., and
McDowell, W. H.: Wildfires lead to decreased carbon and increased nitrogen
concentrations in upland arctic streams, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65520-0, 2020.
Santos, F., Wymore, A. S., Jackson, B. K., Sullivan, S. M. P., McDowell, W.
H., and Berhe, A. A.: Fire severity, time since fire, and site-level
characteristics influence streamwater chemistry at baseflow conditions in
catchments of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, Fire Ecol., 15, 3,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-018-0022-8, 2019.
Schiff, S. L., Spoelstra, J., Semkin, R. G., and Jeffries, D. S.: Drought
induced pulses of SO
Silins, U., Bladon, K. D., Kelly, E. N., Esch, E., Spence, J. R., Stone, M.,
Emelko, M. B., Boon, S., Wagner, M. J., Williams, C. H. S., and Tichkowsky,
I.: Five-year legacy of wildfire and salvage logging impacts on nutrient
runoff and aquatic plant, invertebrate, and fish productivity: wildfire and
salvage logging effects on stream ecohydrology, Ecohydrology, 7,
1508–1523, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1474, 2014.
Smith, H. G., Sheridan, G. J., Lane, P. N. J., Nyman, P., and Haydon, S.:
Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: A review with
implications for water supply, J. Hydrol., 396, 170–192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.043, 2011.
Smithwick, E. A. H., Turner, M. G., Mack, M. C., and Iii, F. S. C.: Postfire
soil n cycling in northern conifer forests affected by severe,
stand-replacing wildfires, Ecosystems, 8, 163–181,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0097-8, 2005.
Smithwick, E. A. H., Kashian, D. M., Ryan, M. G., and Turner, M. G.:
Long-term nitrogen storage and soil nitrogen availability in post-fire
lodgepole pine ecosystems, Ecosystems, 12, 792–806,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9257-1, 2009.
Sponseller, R. A., Temnerud, J., Bishop, K., and Laudon, H.: Patterns and
drivers of riverine nitrogen (N) across alpine, subarctic, and boreal
Sweden, Biogeochemistry, 120, 105–120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9984-z,
2014.
Strömqvist, J., Arheimer, B., Dahné, J., Donnelly, C., and
Lindström, G.: Water and nutrient predictions in ungauged basins: set-up
and evaluation of a model at the national scale, Hydrol. Sci. J., 57,
229–247, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.637497, 2012.
Tamm, C. O.: Nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems questions of productivity,
vegetational changes, and ecosystem stability, Springer Berlin Heidelberg,
Berlin, Heidelberg,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75168-4 (last access: 12 March 2016), 1991.
Tuck, S. L., Phillips, H. R. P., Hintzen, R. E., Scharlemann, J. P. W.,
Purvis, A., and Hudson, L. N.: MODISTools – downloading and processing MODIS
remotely sensed data in R, Ecol. Evol., 4, 4658–4668,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1273, 2014.
Turetsky, M. R., Kane, E. S., Harden, J. W., Ottmar, R. D., Manies, K. L.,
Hoy, E., and Kasischke, E. S.: Recent acceleration of biomass burning and
carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands, Nat. Geosci, 4, 27–31,
2011.
Turner, M. G., Smithwick, E. A. H., Metzger, K. L., Tinker, D. B., and Romme,
W. H.: Inorganic nitrogen availability after severe stand-replacing fire in
the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104,
4782–4789, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700180104, 2007.
Turner, M. G., Whitby, T. G., and Romme, W. H.: Feast not famine: Nitrogen
pools recover rapidly in 25-yr-old postfire lodgepole pine, Ecology, 100,
e02626, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2626, 2019.
Walker, X. J., Rogers, B. M., Baltzer, J. L., Cumming, S. G., Day, N. J.,
Goetz, S. J., Johnstone, J. F., Schuur, E. A. G., Turetsky, M. R., and Mack,
M. C.: Cross-scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest
megafires, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 4251–4265, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14287,
2018.
Wan, S., Hui, D., and Luo, Y.: Fire effects on nitrogen pools and dynamics in
terrestrial ecosystems: A Meta-Analysis, Ecol. Appl., 11, 1349–1365,
https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1349:FEONPA]2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Yallop, A. R., Clutterbuck, B., and Thacker, J.: Increases in humic dissolved
organic carbon export from upland peat catchments: the role of temperature,
declining sulphur deposition and changes in land management, Clim. Res., 45,
43–56, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00884, 2010.
Zackrisson, O., DeLuca, T. H., Nilsson, M.-C., Sellstedt, A., and Berglund,
L. M.: Nitrogen fixation increases with successional age in boreal forests,
Ecology, 85, 3327–3334, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0461, 2004.
Short summary
We measured element losses and impacts on water quality following a wildfire in Sweden. We observed the largest carbon and nitrogen losses during the fire and a strong pulse of elements 1–3 months after the fire that showed a fast (weeks) and a slow (months) release from the catchments. Total carbon export through water did not increase post-fire. Overall, we observed a rapid recovery of the biogeochemical cycling of elements within 3 years but still an annual net release of carbon dioxide.
We measured element losses and impacts on water quality following a wildfire in Sweden. We...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint