Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1-2023
Research article
 | 
02 Jan 2023
Research article |  | 02 Jan 2023

Ice nucleating properties of the sea ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus and its exudates

Lukas Eickhoff, Maddalena Bayer-Giraldi, Naama Reicher, Yinon Rudich, and Thomas Koop

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Cited articles

Ackley, S. F. and Sullivan, C. W.: Physical controls on the development and characteristics of Antarctic sea ice biological communities – a review and synthesis, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 41, 1583–1604, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90062-0, 1994. 
Alpert, P. A., Aller, J. Y., and Knopf, D. A.: Ice nucleation from aqueous NaCl droplets with and without marine diatoms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5539–5555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5539-2011, 2011. 
Aslam, S. N., Strauss, J., Thomas, D. N., Mock, T., and Underwood, G. J. C.: Identifying metabolic pathways for production of extracellular polymeric substances by the diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus inhabiting sea ice, ISME J., 12, 1237–1251, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-017-0039-z, 2018. 
Aslam, S. N., Cresswell-Maynard, T., Thomas, D. N., and Underwood, G. J. C.: Production and Characterization of the Intra- and Extracellular Carbohydrates and Polymeric Substances (EPS) of Three Sea-Ice Diatom Species, and Evidence for a Cryoprotective Role for EPS, J. Phycol., 48, 1494–1509, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12004, 2012a. 
Aslam, S. N., Underwood, G. J. C., Kaartokallio, H., Norman, L., Autio, R., Fischer, M., Kuosa, H., Dieckmann, G. S., and Thomas, D. N.: Dissolved extracellular polymeric substances (dEPS) dynamics and bacterial growth during sea ice formation in an ice tank study, Polar. Biol., 35, 661–676, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1112-0, 2012b. 
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Short summary
The formation of ice is an important process in Earth’s atmosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere, in particular in polar regions. Our research focuses on the influence of the sea ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus and of molecules produced by it upon heterogenous ice nucleation. For that purpose, we studied the freezing of tiny droplets containing the diatoms in a microfluidic device. Together with previous studies, our results suggest a common freezing behaviour of various sea ice diatoms.
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