Articles | Volume 20, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jul 2023
Research article |
| 21 Jul 2023
| 21 Jul 2023
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Katharina Ramskogler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research,
Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
Department of Botany, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Bettina Knoflach
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Bernhard Elsner
Kompass-Karten GmbH, Karl-Kapferer-Str. 5, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Brigitta Erschbamer
private address: General-Feuerstein-Str. 24, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Florian Haas
Physical Geography, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Osten 14 and 18, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
Tobias Heckmann
Physical Geography, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Osten 14 and 18, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
Florentin Hofmeister
Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
Livia Piermattei
Remote sensing Group, Research Unit Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Camillo Ressl
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8, 1050 Vienna, Austria
Svenja Trautmann
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Michael H. Wimmer
Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV), Arltgasse 35, 1020 Vienna, Austria
Clemens Geitner
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Johann Stötter
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Erich Tasser
Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research,
Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
Related authors
No articles found.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Livia Piermattei, Tobias Heckmann, Sarah Betz-Nutz, Moritz Altmann, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Manuel Stark, Florian Haas, Camillo Ressl, Michael H. Wimmer, Norbert Pfeifer, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 383–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine rivers have experienced strong changes over the last century. In the present study, we explore the potential of historical multi-temporal elevation models, combined with recent topographic data, to quantify 66 years (from 1953 to 2019) of river changes in the glacier forefield of an Alpine catchment. Thereby, we quantify the changes in the river form as well as the related sediment erosion and deposition.
Sarah Betz-Nutz, Tobias Heckmann, Florian Haas, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 203–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The geomorphic activity of LIA lateral moraines is of high interest due to its implications for the sediment fluxes and hazards within proglacial areas. We derived multitemporal models from historical aerial images and recent drone images to investigate the morphodynamics on moraine slopes over time. We found that the highest erosion rates occur on the steepest moraine slopes, which stay active for decades, and that the slope angle explains morphodynamics better than the time since deglaciation.
Jakob Rom, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Moritz Altmann, Fabian Fleischer, Camillo Ressl, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 601–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-601-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-601-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, an area-wide slope-type debris flow record has been established for Horlachtal, Austria, since 1947 based on historical and recent remote sensing data. Spatial and temporal analyses show variations in debris flow activity in space and time in a high-alpine region. The results can contribute to a better understanding of past slope-type debris flow dynamics in the context of extreme precipitation events and their possible future development.
G. Verhoeven, B. Wild, J. Schlegel, M. Wieser, N. Pfeifer, S. Wogrin, L. Eysn, M. Carloni, B. Koschiček-Krombholz, A. Molada-Tebar, J. Otepka-Schremmer, C. Ressl, M. Trognitz, and A. Watzinger
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-2-W1-2022, 513–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-513-2022, 2022
Marcel Lerch, Tobias Bromm, Clemens Geitner, Jean Nicolas Haas, Dieter Schäfer, Bruno Glaser, and Michael Zech
Biogeosciences, 19, 1135–1150, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1135-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1135-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Faecal biomarker analyses present a useful tool in geoarcheological research. For a better understanding of the lives of our ancestors in alpine regions, we investigated modern livestock faeces and Holocene soils at the prehistorical encampment site of Ullafelsen in the Fotsch Valley, Stubai Alps, Austria. Initial results show a high input of livestock faeces and a negligible input of human faeces for this archeological site. Future studies will focus on mire archives in the Fotsch Valley.
Fabian Fleischer, Florian Haas, Livia Piermattei, Madlene Pfeiffer, Tobias Heckmann, Moritz Altmann, Jakob Rom, Manuel Stark, Michael H. Wimmer, Norbert Pfeifer, and Michael Becht
The Cryosphere, 15, 5345–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5345-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the long-term (1953–2017) morphodynamic changes in rock glaciers in Kaunertal valley, Austria. Using a combination of historical aerial photographs and laser scanning data, we derive information on flow velocities and surface elevation changes. We observe a loss of volume and an acceleration from the late 1990s onwards. We explain this by changes in the meteorological forcing. Individual rock glaciers react to these changes to varying degrees.
Michael Zech, Marcel Lerch, Marcel Bliedtner, Tobias Bromm, Fabian Seemann, Sönke Szidat, Gary Salazar, Roland Zech, Bruno Glaser, Jean Nicolas Haas, Dieter Schäfer, and Clemens Geitner
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 171–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-171-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-171-2021, 2021
J. Otepka, G. Mandlburger, W. Karel, B. Wöhrer, C. Ressl, and N. Pfeifer
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-2-2021, 35–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2021-35-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2021-35-2021, 2021
Kerstin Wegner, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Anne Mangeney, Virginie Durand, Nicolas Villeneuve, Philippe Kowalski, Aline Peltier, and Michael Becht
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1159–1177, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In mountainous regions rockfall is a common geomorphic process. We selected four study sites that feature different rock types. High-resolution terrestrial laser scanning data were acquired to measure the block size and block shape (axial ratio) of rockfall particles on the scree deposits. Laser scanning data were also used to characterize the morphology of these landforms. Our results show that hill slope and rock particle properties govern rock particle runout in a complex manner.
S. Flöry, C. Ressl, M. Hollaus, G. Pürcher, L. Piermattei, and N. Pfeifer
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-2-2020, 695–701, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-695-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-695-2020, 2020
A. Mayr, M. Bremer, M. Rutzinger, and C. Geitner
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2-W5, 405–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-405-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-405-2019, 2019
A. Mayr, M. Rutzinger, and C. Geitner
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2, 691–697, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-691-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-691-2018, 2018
Georg Frenck, Georg Leitinger, Nikolaus Obojes, Magdalena Hofmann, Christian Newesely, Mario Deutschmann, Ulrike Tappeiner, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 15, 1065–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
For central Europe in addition to rising temperatures, an increasing variability in precipitation is predicted. In a replicated mesocosm experiment we compared evapotranspiration and the biomass productivity of two differently drought-adapted vegetation communities during two irrigation regimes (with and without drought periods). Significant differences between the different communities were found in the response to variations in the water supply and biomass production.
Thomas Zieher, Martin Rutzinger, Barbara Schneider-Muntau, Frank Perzl, David Leidinger, Herbert Formayer, and Clemens Geitner
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 971–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-971-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-971-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
At catchment scale, it is challenging to provide the required input parameters for physically based slope stability models. In the present study, the parameterization of such a model is optimized against observed shallow landslides during two triggering rainfall events. With the resulting set of parameters the model reproduces the location and the triggering timing of most observed landslides. Based on that, potential effects of increasing precipitation intensity on slope stability are assessed.
Florian Haas, Ludwig Hilger, Fabian Neugirg, Kathrin Umstädter, Christian Breitung, Peter Fischer, Paula Hilger, Tobias Heckmann, Jana Dusik, Andreas Kaiser, Jürgen Schmidt, Marta Della Seta, Ruben Rosenkranz, and Michael Becht
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1269–1288, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1269-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1269-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the quantification and analysis of geomorphic processes on the barely vegetated slopes of a recultivated iron ore mine on the Italian island of Elba using photographs from terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry by an unmanned aerial vehicle over a period of 5 1/2 years. Beside this, the study tried to work out the potential and the limitations of both methods to detect surface changes by geomorphic process dynamics within a natural environment.
F. Neugirg, A. Kaiser, M. Schindewolf, M. Becht, J. Schmidt, and F. Haas
Proc. IAHS, 371, 181–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-181-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-181-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Digital elevation models acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner were used to study summerly erosion on steep slopes. An existing physical event-based erosion model approach was tested on theses slopes and validated with the laser scanning values. Modeled and scanned values are in 98.4% agreement. Additionally a statistical modeling approach was used to compare the results with a previous study in a nearby area. The comparison showed a good applicability of the model on different slopes.
A. Zlinszky, G. Timár, R. Weber, B. Székely, C. Briese, C. Ressl, and N. Pfeifer
Solid Earth, 5, 355–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-355-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-355-2014, 2014
T. Grünewald, J. Stötter, J. W. Pomeroy, R. Dadic, I. Moreno Baños, J. Marturià, M. Spross, C. Hopkinson, P. Burlando, and M. Lehning
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3005–3021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3005-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3005-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
High resolution simulations reveal a large loss of Fennoscandian tundra due to climate change
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Ideas and Perspectives: Sensing Energy and Matter fluxes in a biota dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – Introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
The biogeographic pattern of microbial communities inhabiting terrestrial mud volcanoes across the Eurasian continent
Thirty-eight years of CO2 fertilization has outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems
Net soil carbon balance in afforested peatlands and separating autotrophic and heterotrophic soil CO2 effluxes
Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: community changes related to rainfall
Strong temporal variation in treefall and branchfall rates in a tropical forest is related to extreme rainfall: results from 5 years of monthly drone data for a 50 ha plot
Nitrogen restricts future sub-arctic treeline advance in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model
Spatial patterns of aboveground phytogenic Si stocks in a grass-dominated catchment – results from UAS-based high-resolution remote sensing
Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe – the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction
Capturing functional strategies and compositional dynamics in vegetation demographic models
Drought effects on leaf fall, leaf flushing and stem growth in the Amazon forest: reconciling remote sensing data and field observations
Variable tree rooting strategies are key for modelling the distribution, productivity and evapotranspiration of tropical evergreen forests
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1932, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave different in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-148, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low to high altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, that will have large impli-cations for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-789, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-789, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests are underrepresented in the Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) catalogue, despite their outstanding ecological role. Here, we introduce the Pumalín CZO within the Patagonian Rainforest to explore carbon sink functioning, landscape evolution, matter and energy fluxes, and disturbance understanding using environmental seismology. First results highlight the Patagonian rainforest as particularly biomass rich and confirms the suitability of our blend of sensing techniques.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Sami W. Rifai, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Lucas A. Cernusak, Patrick Meir, Belinda E. Medlyn, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 19, 491–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Australia's woody ecosystems have experienced widespread greening despite a warming climate and repeated record-breaking droughts and heat waves. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, yet quantifying the CO2 effect is complicated due to co-occurring effects of global change. Here we harmonized a 38-year satellite record to separate the effects of climate change, land use change, and disturbance to quantify the CO2 fertilization effect on the greening phenomenon.
Renée Hermans, Rebecca McKenzie, Roxane Andersen, Yit Arn Teh, Neil Cowie, and Jens-Arne Subke
Biogeosciences, 19, 313–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are a significant global carbon store, which can be compromised by drainage and afforestation. We measured the peat decomposition under a 30-year-old drained forest plantation: 115 ± 16 g C m−2 yr−1, ca. 40 % of total soil respiration. Considering input of litter from trees, our results indicate that the soils in these 30-year-old drained and afforested peatlands are a net sink for C, since substantially more C enters the soil as organic matter than is decomposed heterotrophically.
Kai Tang, Beatriz Sánchez-Parra, Petya Yordanova, Jörn Wehking, Anna T. Backes, Daniel A. Pickersgill, Stefanie Maier, Jean Sciare, Ulrich Pöschl, Bettina Weber, and Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky
Biogeosciences, 19, 71–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected on Cyprus revealed rain-related short-term changes of bioaerosol and ice nuclei composition. Filtration experiments showed a rain-related enhancement of biological ice nuclei > 5 µm and < 0.1 µm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and ice nuclei may influence the hydrological cycle as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).
Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Samuel Grubinger, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Milton Garcia, Jonathan P. Dandois, and Helene C. Muller-Landau
Biogeosciences, 18, 6517–6531, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study contributed to improving the understanding of temporal variation and climate correlates of canopy disturbances mainly caused by treefalls and branchfalls. We used a unique dataset of 5 years of approximately monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery for 50 ha of mature tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We found that canopy disturbance rates were highly temporally variable, were higher in the wet season, and were related to extreme rainfall events.
Adrian Gustafson, Paul A. Miller, Robert G. Björk, Stefan Olin, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 6329–6347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed model simulations of vegetation change for a historic period and a range of climate change scenarios at a high spatial resolution. Projected treeline advance continued at the same or increased rates compared to our historic simulation. Temperature isotherms advanced faster than treelines, revealing a lag in potential vegetation shifts that was modulated by nitrogen availability. At the year 2100 projected treelines had advanced by 45–195 elevational metres depending on the scenario.
Marc Wehrhan, Daniel Puppe, Danuta Kaczorek, and Michael Sommer
Biogeosciences, 18, 5163–5183, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5163-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5163-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
UAS remote sensing provides a promising tool for new insights into Si biogeochemistry at catchment scale. Our study on an artificial catchment shows surprisingly high silicon stocks in the biomass of two grass species (C. epigejos, 7 g m−2; P. australis, 27 g m−2). The distribution of initial sediment properties (clay, Tiron-extractable Si, nitrogen, plant-available potassium) controlled the spatial distribution of C. epigejos. Soil wetness determined the occurrence of P. australis.
Vojtěch Abraham, Sheila Hicks, Helena Svobodová-Svitavská, Elissaveta Bozilova, Sampson Panajiotidis, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Christin Eldegard Jensen, Spassimir Tonkov, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Marcelina Zimny, Eliso Kvavadze, Anna Filbrandt-Czaja, Martina Hättestrand, Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Jana Kosenko, Maria Nosova, Elena Severova, Olga Volkova, Margrét Hallsdóttir, Laimdota Kalniņa, Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, Bożena Noryśkiewicz, Heather Pardoe, Areti Christodoulou, Tiiu Koff, Sonia L. Fontana, Teija Alenius, Elisabeth Isaksson, Heikki Seppä, Siim Veski, Anna Pędziszewska, Martin Weiser, and Thomas Giesecke
Biogeosciences, 18, 4511–4534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a continental dataset of pollen accumulation rates (PARs) collected by pollen traps. This absolute measure of pollen rain (grains cm−2 yr−1) has a positive relationship to current vegetation and latitude. Trap and fossil PARs have similar values within one region, so it opens up possibilities for using fossil PARs to reconstruct past changes in plant biomass and primary productivity. The dataset is available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database.
Polly C. Buotte, Charles D. Koven, Chonggang Xu, Jacquelyn K. Shuman, Michael L. Goulden, Samuel Levis, Jessica Katz, Junyan Ding, Wu Ma, Zachary Robbins, and Lara M. Kueppers
Biogeosciences, 18, 4473–4490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an approach for ensuring the definitions of plant types in dynamic vegetation models are connected to the underlying ecological processes controlling community composition. Our approach can be applied regionally or globally. Robust resolution of community composition will allow us to use these models to address important questions related to future climate and management effects on plant community composition, structure, carbon storage, and feedbacks within the Earth system.
Thomas Janssen, Ype van der Velde, Florian Hofhansl, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Kim Naudts, Bart Driessen, Katrin Fleischer, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 18, 4445–4472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite images show that the Amazon forest has greened up during past droughts. Measurements of tree stem growth and leaf litterfall upscaled using machine-learning algorithms show that leaf flushing at the onset of a drought results in canopy rejuvenation and green-up during drought while simultaneously trees excessively shed older leaves and tree stem growth declines. Canopy green-up during drought therefore does not necessarily point to enhanced tree growth and improved forest health.
Boris Sakschewski, Werner von Bloh, Markus Drüke, Anna Amelia Sörensson, Romina Ruscica, Fanny Langerwisch, Maik Billing, Sarah Bereswill, Marina Hirota, Rafael Silva Oliveira, Jens Heinke, and Kirsten Thonicke
Biogeosciences, 18, 4091–4116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4091-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4091-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows how local adaptations of tree roots across tropical and sub-tropical South America explain patterns of biome distribution, productivity and evapotranspiration on this continent. By allowing for high diversity of tree rooting strategies in a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM), we are able to mechanistically explain patterns of mean rooting depth and the effects on ecosystem functions. The approach can advance DGVMs and Earth system models.
Cited articles
Albrecht, M., Riesen, M., and Schmid, B.: Plant-pollinator network assembly
along the chronosequence of a glacier foreland, Oikos, 119, 1610–1624,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18376.x, 2010.
Alfredsen, G. and Høiland, K.: Succession of terrestrial macrofungi along
a deglaciation gradient at Glacier Blåisen, South Norway, Nord. J. Bot., 21, 19–37, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2001.tb01335.x,
2001.
Andreis, C., Caccianiga, M., and Cerabolini, B.: Vegetation and
environmental factors during primary succession on glacier forelands: Some
outlines from the Italian Alps, Plant Biosyst., 135, 295–310,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11263500112331350930, 2001.
Anschlag, K., Tatti, D., Hellwig, N., Sartori, G., Gobat, J.-M., and Broll,
G.: Vegetation-based bioindication of humus forms in coniferous mountain
forests, J. Mt. Sci., 14, 662–673,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4290-y, 2017.
Arnold, R. W., Szabolcs, I., and Targulian, V. O.: Global soil change. Report of an IIASA-ISSS-UNEP task force on the role of
soil in global change. International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis, Laxenburg, 1990.
Ballantyne, C. K.: A general model of paraglacial landscape response, The
Holocene, 12, 371–376, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683602hl553fa, 2002.
Bayle: A recent history of deglaciation and vegetation establishment in a
contrasted geomorphological context, Glacier Blanc, French Alps, J. Maps, 2020, 766–775, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.189115, 2020.
Beniston, M.: Mountain weather and climate: A general overview and a focus
on climatic change in the Alps, Hydrobiologia, 562, 3–16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1802-0, 2006.
Beven, K. J. and Kirkby, M. J.: A physically based variable contributing
area model of basin hydrology, Hydrol. Sci. Bull., 43–69,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834, 1979.
Bishop, C. and Bishop, J.: Alpine Plants as Indicators of Climate Change, Presentation given at the 28th Annual Desert Symposium, 2014.
Brutel-Vuilmet, C., Ménégoz, M., and Krinner, G.: An analysis of present and future seasonal Northern Hemisphere land snow cover simulated by CMIP5 coupled climate models, The Cryosphere, 7, 67–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-67-2013, 2013.
Burga, C. A.: Vegetation development on the glacier forefield Morteratsch
(Switzerland), Appl. Veg. Sci., 2, 17–24,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1478877, 1999.
Burga, C. A., Krüsi, B., Egli, M., Wernli, M., Elsener, S., Ziefle, M.,
Fischer, T., and Mavris, C.: Plant succession and soil development on the
foreland of the Morteratsch glacier (Pontresina, Switzerland): Straight
forward or chaotic?, Flora – Morphology, Distribution, Funct. Ecol. Plants, 205, 561–576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2009.10.001, 2010.
Caccianiga, M. and Andreis, C.: Pioneer herbaceous vegetation on glacier
forelands in the Italian Alps, Phyto, 34, 55–89,
https://doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2004/0034-0055, 2004.
Carlson, B. Z., Georges, D., Rabatel, A., Randin, C. F., Renaud, J.,
Delestrade, A., Zimmermann, N. E., Choler, P., and Thuiller, W.: Accounting
for tree line shift, glacier retreat and primary succession in mountain
plant distribution models, Diversity Distrib., 20, 1379–1391,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12238, 2014.
Carlson, B. Z., Corona, M. C., Dentant, C., Bonet, R., Thuiller, W., and
Choler, P.: Observed long-term greening of alpine vegetation – a case study
in the French Alps, Environ. Res. Lett., 12, 114006,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa84bd, 2017.
Cazzolla Gatti, R., Dudko, A., Lim, A., Velichevskaya, A. I., Lushchaeva, I.
V., Pivovarova, A. V., Ventura, S., Lumini, E., Berruti, A., and Volkov, I.
V.: The last 50 years of climate-induced melting of the Maliy Aktru glacier
(Altai Mountains, Russia) revealed in a primary ecological succession, Ecol.
Evol., 8, 7401–7420, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4258, 2018.
Conway, J., Carey-Smith, T., Cattoën-Gilbert, C., Moore, S., Sirguey,
P., and Zammit, C.: Simulations of seasonal snowpack duration and water
storage across New Zealand, Weather Clim., 41, 72–89,
https://doi.org/10.2307/27127990, 2021.
D'Amico, M. E., Freppaz, M., Filippa, G., and Zanini, E.: Vegetation
influence on soil formation rate in a proglacial chronosequence (Lys
Glacier, NW Italian Alps), Catena, 113, 122–137,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.10.001, 2014.
D'Amico, M. E., Freppaz, M., Zanini, E., and Bonifacio, E.: Primary
vegetation succession and the serpentine syndrome: the proglacial area of
the Verra Grande glacier, North-Western Italian Alps, Plant Soil, 415,
283–298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3165-x, 2017.
Descombes, P., Walthert, L., Baltensweiler, A., Meuli, R. G., Karger, D. N.,
Ginzler, C., Zurell, D., and Zimmermann, N. E.: Spatial modelling of
ecological indicator values improves predictions of plant distributions in
complex landscapes, Ecography, 43, 1448–1463,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05117, 2020.
Dial, R.: How to use aspects i.e. N, NE, SE etc. in PCA or CCA for analysis,
especially using PAST, researchgate, PhD, 2017.
DOeAV: Der Ausbruch des Eissees im Martellthale, Mittheilungen des
Deutschen und Oesterreichischen Alpenvereins, 17, 159–160, 1891.
DOeAV: Die Gletscherausbrüche des Martell-Thales, Mittheilungen des
Deutschen und Oesterreichischen Alpenvereins, 21, 149 pp., 1895.
Dolezal, J., Homma, K., Takahashi, K., Yakubov, V., Vetrova, V. P., and
Hara, T.: Primary Succession Following Deglaciation at Koryto Glacier
Valley, Kamchatka, Arc. Antarc. Alp. Res., 40,
309–322, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-123)[DOLEZAL]2.0.CO;2, 2008.
Dormann, C. F.: Modeling Species' Distributions, in: Modelling Complex
Ecological Dynamics, edited by: Jopp, F., Reuter, H., and Breckling, B.,
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05029-9_13, 2011.
Eichel, J.: Vegetation Succession and Biogeomorphic Interactions in Glacier
Forelands, in: Geomorphology of Proglacial Systems, edited by: Heckmann, T.
and Morche, D., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 327–349,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94184-4_19, 2019.
Eichel, J., Krautblatter, M., Schmidtlein, S., and Dikau, R.: Biogeomorphic
interactions in the Turtmann glacier forefield, Switzerland, Geomorphology,
201, 98–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.06.012, 2013.
Eichel, J., Corenblit, D., and Dikau, R.: Conditions for feedbacks between
geomorphic and vegetation dynamics on lateral moraine slopes: a
biogeomorphic feedback window: Conditions for biogeomorphic feedbacks on
lateral moraine slopes, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 41, 406–419,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3859, 2016.
Eichel, J., Draebing, D., and Meyer, N.: From active to stable: Paraglacial
transition of Alpine lateral moraine slopes, Land Degrad. Dev., 29,
4158–4172, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3140, 2018.
Erschbamer, B. and Caccianiga, M. S.: Glacier Forelands: Lessons of Plant
Population and Community Development, in: Progress in Botany Vol. 78, edited by: Cánovas, F. M., Lüttge, U., and Matyssek, R.,
Springer International Publishing, Cham, 259–284,
https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2016_4, 2016.
Erschbamer, B. and Mayer, R.: Can successional species groups be
discriminated based on their life history traits? A study from a glacier
foreland in the Central Alps, Plant Ecol. Divers., 4, 341–351,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2012.664573, 2011.
Erschbamer, B., Niederfriniger Schlag, R., and Winkler, E.: Colonization
processes on a central Alpine glacier foreland, J. Veg. Sci., 19, 855–862, https://doi.org/10.3170/2008-8-18464, 2008.
Ferrari, S. and Cribari-Neto, F.: Beta regression for modelling rates and
proportions, J. Appl. Stat., 31, 799–815,
https://doi.org/10.1080/0266476042000214501, 2004.
Fickert, T.: Glacier Forelands – Unique Field Laboratories for the Study of
Primary Succession of Plants, in: Glaciers Evolution in a Changing World,
edited by: Godone, D., InTech, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69479,
2017.
Fickert, T.: Common Patterns and Diverging Trajectories in Primary
Succession of Plants in Eastern Alpine Glacier Forelands, Diversity, 12,
191, https://doi.org/10.3390/d12050191, 2020.
Fickert, T. and Grüninger, F.: High-speed colonization of bare
ground-Permanent plot studies on primary succession of plants in recently
deglaciated glacier forelands, Land Degrad. Dev., 29, 2668–2680,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3063, 2018.
Fickert, T., Grüninger, F., and Damm, B.: Klebelsberg revisited: did
primary succession of plants in glacier forelands a century ago differ from
today?, Alp. Botan., 127, 17–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-016-0179-1,
2017.
Finsterwalder, S.: Die Gletscherausbrüche des Martell-Thales,
Zeitschrift des Deutschen und Oesterreichischen Alpenvereins, 21, 21–34,
1890.
Fischer, A.: Long-term glacier monitoring at the LTER test sites
Hintereisferner, Kesselwandferner and Jamtalferner and other glaciers in
Tyrol: a source of ancillary information for biological succession studies,
Plant Ecol. Divers., 6, 537–547,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2011.568529, 2013.
Fischer, A., Fickert, T., Schwaizer, G., Patzelt, G., and Groß, G.:
Vegetation dynamics in Alpine glacier forelands tackled from space, Sci. Rep.,
9, 13918, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50273-2, 2019.
Fischer, M. A., Oswald, K., and Adler, W.: Exkursionsflora für
Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, 3rd ed., Biologiezentrum der
Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen, ISBN: 978-3-85474-187-9, 2008.
Florinsky, I. V.: An illustrated introduction to general geomorphometry,
Prog. Phys. Geogr., 41, 723–752,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133317733667, 2017.
Francon, L., Corona, C., Till-Bottraud, I., Choler, P., Roussel, E.,
Carlson, B. Z., Morin, S., Girard, B., and Stoffel, M.: Shrub growth in the
Alps diverges from air temperature since the 1990s, Environ. Res. Lett., 16,
074026, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac0b67, 2021.
Franz, H.: Verwitterung und Bodenbildung im Hochgebirge und in polaren
Bereichen, in: Ökologie der Hochgebirge, Ulmer, Stuttgart, 35–62, 1979.
Franzén, M., Dieker, P., Schrader, J., and Helm, A.: Rapid plant
colonization of the forelands of a vanishing glacier is strongly associated
with species traits, Arc. Antarc. Alp. Res., 51, 366–378,
https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1646574, 2019.
Frenot, Y., Gloaguen, J. C., Cannavacciuolo, M., and Bellido, A.: Primary
succession on glacier forelands in the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands,
J. Veg. Sci. 9, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.2307/3237225,
1998.
Garbarino, M., Lingua, E., Nagel, T. A., Godone, D., and Motta, R.: Patterns
of larch establishment following deglaciation of Ventina glacier, central
Italian Alps, Forest Ecol. Manage., 259, 583–590,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.016, 2010.
Göransson, H., Welc, M., Bünemann, E. K., Christl, I., and
Venterink, H. O.: Nitrogen and phosphorus availability at early stages of
soil development in the Damma glacier forefield, Switzerland; implications
for establishment of N2-fixing plants, Plant Soil, 404, 251–261,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2821-5, 2016.
Grime, J. P.: Vegetation classification by reference to strategies, Nature,
250, 26–31, 1974.
Hartig, F.: DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level/Mixed) Regression Models. R package version 0.4.6 [code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa (last access: 10 May 2022), 2022.
Haselberger, S., Ohler, L., Junker, R. R., Otto, J., Glade, T., and
Kraushaar, S.: Quantification of biogeomorphic interactions between
small-scale sediment transport and primary vegetation succession on
proglacial slopes of the Gepatschferner, Austria, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 46, 1941–1952, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5136, 2021.
Heckmann, T. and Morche, D. (Eds.): Geomorphology of Proglacial Systems:
Landform and Sediment Dynamics in Recently Deglaciated Alpine Landscapes,
Springer International Publishing, Cham,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94184-4, 2019.
Hock, R., Rasul, G., Adler, C., Cáceres, B., Gruber, S., Hirabayashi,
Y., Jackson, M., Kääb, A., Kang, S., Kutuzov, S., Milner, A., Molau,
U., Morin, S., Orlove, B., and Steltzer, H.: High Mountain Areas, in: IPCC
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by:
Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor,
M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Nicolai,
M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 131–202, 2019.
Hodkinson, I. D., Coulson, S. J., and Webb, N. R.: Community assembly along
proglacial chronosequences in the high Arctic: vegetation and soil
development in north-west Svalbard, J. Ecol., 91, 651–663,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00786.x, 2003.
Hofmeister, F., Arias-Rodriguez, L. F., Premier, V., Marin, C., Notarnicola,
C., Disse, M., and Chiognoa, G.: Intercomparison of Sentinel-2 and modelled
snow cover maps in a high-elevation Alpine catchment, J. Hydrol., 15, 100–123, 2022.
Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Maisch, M., Christl, M., Kubik, P. W., and
Schlüchter, C.: Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in
the European Alps, Quat. Sci. Rev., 28, 2137–2149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.009, 2009.
Jiang, Y., Song, M., Zhang, S., Cai, Z., and Lei, Y.: Unravelling community
assemblages through multi-element stoichiometry in plant leaves and roots
across primary successional stages in a glacier retreat area, Plant Soil,
428, 291–305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3683-9, 2018.
Jones, C. C. and del Moral, R.: Dispersal and establishment both limit
colonization during primary succession on a glacier foreland, Plant Ecol,
204, 217–230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-009-9586-3, 2009.
Junker, R. R., He, X., Otto, J.-C., Ruiz-Hernández, V., and Hanusch, M.:
Divergent assembly processes? A comparison of the plant and soil microbiome
with plant communities in a glacier forefield, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.,
97, fiab135, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab135, 2021.
Kastens, K. A., Manduca, C. A., Cervato, C., Frodeman, R., Goodwin, C.,
Liben, L. S., Mogk, D. W., Spangler, T. C., Stillings, N. A., and Titus, S.:
How Geoscientists Think and Learn, Eos, 90, 265–266, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO310001, 2009.
Kaufmann, R.: Glacier foreland colonisation: distinguishing between
short-term and long-term effects of climate change, Oecologia, 130,
470–475, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-001-0815-2, 2002.
Kaufmann, R. and Raffl, C.: Diversity in Primary Succession: The
Chronosequence of a Glacier Foreland, in: Global Mountain Biodiversity: A
Global Asessment, Parthenon Publishing, London, UK, 177–190, 2002.
Khedim, N., Cécillon, L., Poulenard, J., Barré, P., Baudin, F.,
Marta, S., Rabatel, A., Dentant, C., Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Anthelme, F.,
Gielly, L., Ambrosini, R., Franzetti, A., Azzoni, R. S., Caccianiga, M. S.,
Compostella, C., John Clague, Tielidze, L., Messager, E., Choler, P., and
Ficetola, G. F.: Topsoil organic matter build-up in glacier forelands around
the world, Global Change Biol., 27, 1662–1677, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15496, 2021.
Kinzl, H.: Die größten nacheiszeitlichen Gletschervorstöße
in den Schweizer Alpen und in der Montblancgruppe, Zeitschrift für
Gletscherkunde, 20, 269–397, 1932.
Knoflach, B., Ramskogler, K., Talluto, M., Hofmeister, F., Haas, F.,
Heckmann, T., Pfeiffer, M., Piermattei, L., Ressl, C., Wimmer, M. H.,
Geitner, C., Erschbamer, B., and Stötter, J.: Modelling of Vegetation
Dynamics from Satellite Time Series to Determine Proglacial Primary
Succession in the Course of Global Warming – A Case Study in the Upper
Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps), Remote Sens., 13, 4450,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214450, 2021.
Kost, B.: Kontrolle der entwicklung durch Ausßenfaktoren, in:
Strasburger – Lehrbuch der Pflanzenwissenschaften, Springer Spektrum, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 313–331, 2014.
Kotlarski, S., Gobiet, A., Morin, S., Olefs, M., Rajczak, J., and
Samacoïts: 21st Century alpine climate change, Clim. Dynam., 60, 65–86,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06303-3, 2022.
Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B., and Rubel, F.: World Map of
the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated, Meteorol. Z., 15, 259–263, 2006.
Lambert, C. B., Resler, L. M., Shao, Y., and Butler, D. R.: Vegetation
change as related to terrain factors at two glacier forefronts, Glacier
National Park, Montana, U.S.A, J. Mount. Sci., 17, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5603-8, 2020.
Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Ehrhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F.,
Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Schweingruber, F.,
Theurillat, J.-P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., and Wohlgemuth, T.: Flora indicativa:
Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der
Schweiz und der Alpen, 2., Völlig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage
der Ökologischen Zeigerwerte zur Flora der Schweiz (1977), Haupt, Bern, ISBN: 978-3-258-07461-0,
2010.
Larcher, W.: Ökologie der Pflnazen auf physiologischer Grundlage: 54
Tabellen, 4. überarbeitete Auflage, Stuttgart, Ulmer, ISBN: 3800125293, 1984.
Lin, H.: Earth's Critical Zone and hydropedology: concepts, characteristics, and advances, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 25–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-25-2010, 2010.
Llambí, L. D., Melfo, A., Gámez, L. E., Pelayo, R. C.,
Cárdenas, M., Rojas, C., Torres, J. E., Ramírez, N., Huber, B., and
Hernández, J.: Vegetation Assembly, Adaptive Strategies and Positive
Interactions During Primary Succession in the Forefield of the Last
Venezuelan Glacier, Front. Ecol. Evol., 9, 657755,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.657755, 2021.
Losapio, G., Jordán, F., Caccianiga, M., and Gobbi, M.:
Structure-dynamic relationship of plant–insect networks along a primary
succession gradient on a glacier foreland, Ecol. Modell., 314,
73–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.014, 2015.
Losapio, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Maffioletti, C., Tampucci, D., Gobbi, M.,
and Caccianiga, M.: The Consequences of Glacier Retreat Are Uneven Between
Plant Species, Front. Ecol. Evol., 8, 616562,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.616562, 2021.
Mainetti, A., Ravetto Enri, S., and Lonati, M.: Vegetation trajectories in
proglacial primary successions within Gran Paradiso National Park: A
comparison between siliceous and basic substrates, IBEX-J. Mount. Ecol., 14, 1–18, 2022.
Marcante, S., Sierra-Almeida, A., Spindelböck, J. P., Erschbamer, B.,
and Neuner, G.: Frost as a limiting factor for recruitment and establishment
of early development stages in an alpine glacier foreland?, J. Veg. Sci., 23,
858–868, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01411.x, 2012.
Martin, S., Montresor, L., Mair, V., Pellegrini, G. B., Avanzini, M.,
Fellin, G., Gambillara, R., Tumiati, S., Santuliana, E., Monopoli, B.,
Gaspari, D., Sapigni, M., and Surian, N.: Erläuterungen zur geologischen Karte von Italien im Maßstab 1:50.000, Blatt 025 Rabbi., Land Technology & Services,
Treviso, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/Media/carg/note_illustrative/25_Rabbi_Ted.pdf (last access: 15 October 2021), 2009.
Matthews, J. A.: The ecology of recently-deglaciated terrain: a
geoecological approach to glacier forelands and primary succession,
University Press Cambridge, Cambridge, ISBN: 9780521361095, 1992.
Matthews, J. A. and Whittaker, R. J.: Vegetation Succession on the Storbreen
Glacier Foreland, Jotunheimen, Norway: A Review, Arctic and Alpine Research,
19, 385, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551403, 1987.
Mazhar, N., Mirza, A. I., Zia, S., Butt, Z. S., Shahid, G., and Mirza, A.
I.: An Analysis of Glacial Retreat and Resultant Vegetation Expansion in the
Karakorum: A case study of Passu Glacier in Hunza valley, BIOLOGIA, 64, 135–145, 2018.
Mizuno, K.: Succession Processes of Alpine Vegetation in Response to Glacial
Fluctuations of Tyndall Glacier, Mt. Kenya, Kenya, Arc. Alp. Res., 30, 340, https://doi.org/10.2307/1552006, 1998.
Mizuno, K.: Glacial Fluctuation and Vegetation Succession on Tyndall
Glacier, Mt Kenya, Mount. Res. Develop., 25, 68–75,
https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0068:GFAVSO]2.0.CO;2, 2005.
Molau, U.: ITEX climate stations, in: ITEX Manual, edited by: Molau, U.,
Danish Polar Center, 6–10, 1993.
Najafi, M. R., Zwiers, F. W., and Gillett, N. P.: Attribution of the spring
snow cover extent decline in the Northern Hemisphere, Eurasia and North
America to anthropogenic influence, Clim. Change, 136, 571–586,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1632-2, 2016.
Oke, T. R.: Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd Edition., Routledge, London, UK, ISBN: 9780415043199,
1987.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P.,
McGlinn, D., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P.,
Stevens, M. H. H., Szoecs, E., and Wagner, H.: vegan community ecology package version 2.5-7 November 2020 [code], 2020.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing [code], Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 7 January 2019), 2019.
Raffl, C. and Erschbamer, B.: Comparative vegetation analyses of two
transects crossing a characteristic glacier valley in the Central Alps,
Phyto, 34, 225–240, https://doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2004/0034-0225, 2004.
Raffl, C., Mallaun, M., Mayer, R., and Erschbamer, B.: Vegetation Succession
Pattern and Diversity Changes in a Glacier Valley, Central Alps, Austria,
Arc. Antarc. Alp. Res., 38, 421–428,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[421:VSPADC]2.0.CO;2, 2006.
Rech, J. A., Reeves, R. W., and Hendricks, D. M.: The influence of slope
aspect on soil weathering processes in the Springerville volcanic field,
Arizona, Catena, 43, 49–62, 2001.
Revelle, W.: Psych: procedures for personality and psychological research, R package version 2.1.9. [code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych (last access: 29 November 2021), 2021.
Robbins, J. A. and Matthews, J. A.: Regional Variation in Successional
Trajectories and Rates of Vegetation Change on Glacier Forelands in
South-Central Norway, Arc. Antarc. Alp. Res., 42, 351–361,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.351, 2010.
Rydgren, K., Halvorsen, R., Töpper, J. P., and Njøs, J. M.: Glacier
foreland succession and the fading effect of terrain age, J.
Veg. Sci., 25, 1367–1380, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12184, 2014.
Scherrer, D. and Körner, C.: Topographically controlled thermal-habitat
differentiation buffers alpine plant diversity against climate warming:
Topographical control of thermal-habitat differentiation buffers alpine
plant diversity, J. Biogeogr., 38, 406–416,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02407.x, 2011.
Schmidlin, T. W., Dethier, B. E., and Eggle, K. L.: Freeze-Thaw Days in the
Northeastern United States, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 26, 142–155, 1987.
Schröder, B. and Reineking, B.: Modellierung der Art-Habitat-Beziehung –
ein Überblick über die Verfahren der Habitatmodellierung, in:
Habitatmodelle Methodik, Anwendung, Nutzen, vol. UFZ-Berichte, edited by:
Dormann, C. F., Blaschke, T., Lausch, T., Schröder, B., and
Söndgerath, D., Eigenverlag UFZ, Leipzig, 5–26, 2004.
Schulla, J. and Jasper, K.: Modell Description WaSiM (Water Balance
Simulation Model), http://www.wasim.ch/downloads/doku/wasim/wasim_2007_en.pdf (accessed on 3 November 2021), 2019.
Schumann, K., Gewolf, S., and Tackenberg, O.: Factors affecting primary
succession of glacier foreland vegetation in the European Alps, Alp Botan.,
126, 105–117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-016-0166-6, 2016.
Serquet, G., Marty, C., Dulex, J.-P., and Rebetez, M.: Seasonal trends and
temperature dependence of the snowfall/precipitation-day ratio in
Switzerland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046976, 2011.
Simon, A., Geitner, C., and Katzensteiner, K.: A framework for the
predictive mapping of forest soil properites in mountain areas, Geoderma,
371, 114383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114383, 2020.
Sintubin, M.: 4.5 Billion Years of Global Change, in: Lectures for the XXIst
Century, edited by: Raymaekers, B., Leuven University Press, 103–126, 2008.
Sitzia, T., Dainese, M., Krüsi, B. O., and McCollin, D.: Landscape
metrics as functional traits in plants: perspectives from a glacier
foreland, PeerJ, 5, e3552, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3552, 2017.
Smithson, M. and Verkuilen, J.: “A Better
Lemon Squeezer?, Maximum-Likelihood Regres sion with Beta-Distributed
Dependent Variables”, Psychol. Meth., 11, 54–71, 2006.
Stötter, J., Formayer, HerbertH., Prettenthaler, F., Coy, M., Monreal,
M., and Tappeiner, U.: Zur Kopplung zwischen Treiber- und Reaktionssystemen
sowie zur Bewertung von Folgen des Komawandels, in: Österreichischer
Sachstandsbericht Klimawandel 2014 (AAR14), Austrian Panel on Climate Change
(APCC), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien,
Österreich, 383–410, 2014.
Szymañski, W., Maciejowski, W., Ostafin, K., Ziaja, W., and Sobucki, M.:
Impact of parent material, vegetation cover, and site wetness on variability
of soil properties in proglacial areas of small glaciers along the
northeastern coast of Sørkappland (SE Spitsbergen), Catena, 183, 104209,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104209, 2019.
Tampucci, D., Gobbi, M., Marano, G., Boracchi, P., Boffa, G., Ballarin, F.,
Pantini, P., Seppi, R., Compostella, C., and Caccianiga, M.: Ecology of
active rock glaciers and surrounding landforms: climate, soil, plants and
arthropods, Boreas, 46, 185–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12219, 2017.
Temme, A. J. A. M. and Lange, K.: Pro-glacial soil variablility and
geomorphic activity – the case of three Swiss valleys, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 1492–1499, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3553, 2014.
Theurillat, J.-P., Felber, F., Geissler, P., Gobat, J.-M., Fierz, M.,
Fischlin, A., Küpfer, P., Schlüssel, A., Velluti, C., Zhao, G.-F.,
and Williams, J.: Sensitivity of plants and soil ecosystems of the Alps to
climate change, in: Views from the Alps: regional perspectives on climate
change, edited by: Cebon, P., Dahinden, U., Davies, H., Imboden, D., and
Jaeger, C. C., MITPress, Cambridge, MA, USA, 225–308, 1998.
Thornton, J. M., Brauchli, T., Mariethoz, G., and Brunner, P.: Efficient
multi-objective calibration and uncertainty analysis of distributed snow
simulations in rugged alpine terrain, J. Hydrol., 598,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126241, 2021.
Unterholzner, Lu., Prendin, A. L., Dibona, R., Menardi, R., Casolo, V.,
Gargiula, S., Boscutti, F., and Carrer Marco: Transient Effects of Snow
Cover Duration on Primary Growth and Leaf Traits in a Tundra Shrub,
Front. Plant Sci., 13, 822901, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.822901,
2022.
Vetaas, O. R.: Primary Succession of Plant Assemblages on a Glacier
Foreland-Bodalsbreen, Southern Norway, J. Biogeogr., 21, 297,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2845531, 1994.
Wehren, B., Weingartner, R., Schädler, B., and Viviroli, D.: General
characteristics of Alpine Waters, in: Alpine Waters. The Handbook of
Environmental Chemistry, vol. 6, edited by: Bundi, U., Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 17–58, 2010.
Wei, T., Shangguan, D., Yi, S., and Ding, Y.: Characteristics and controls
of vegetation and diversity changes monitored with an unmanned aerial
vehicle (UAV) in the foreland of the Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Tianshan, China,
Sci. Total Environ., 771, 145433,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145433, 2021.
Wietrzyk, P., Rola, K., Osyczka, P., Nicia, P., Szymañski, W., and
Wêgrzyn, M.: The relationships between soil chemical properties and
vegetation succession in the aspect of changes of distance from the glacier
forehead and time elapsed after glacier retreat in the Irenebreen foreland
(NW Svalbard), Plant Soil, 428, 195–211,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3660-3, 2018.
Wietrzyk-Pelka, P., Rola, K., Patchett, A., Szymañski, W., Wegrzyn, M.
H., and Björk, R. G.: Patterns and drivers of cryptogam and vascular
plant diversity in glacier forelands, Sci. Total Environ., 770,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144793, 2021.
Wojcik, R., Eichel, J., Bradley, J. A., and Benning, L. G.: How allogenic
factors affect succession in glacier forefields, Earth-Sci. Rev., 218,
103642, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103642, 2021.
Wood, S. N.: Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal
likelihood estimation of sempiparametric generalized linear models, J.
Roy. Stat. Soc. B, 73, 3–36, 2011.
Wood, S.: Mixed GAM Computation Vehicle with Automatic Smoothness Estimation [code], https://cran.irsn.fr/web/packages/mgcv/mgcv.pdf (last access: 23 November 2021), 2022.
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint