Articles | Volume 20, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jul 2023
Research article |
| 21 Jul 2023
| 21 Jul 2023
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Katharina Ramskogler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research,
Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
Department of Botany, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Bettina Knoflach
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Bernhard Elsner
Kompass-Karten GmbH, Karl-Kapferer-Str. 5, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Brigitta Erschbamer
private address: General-Feuerstein-Str. 24, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Florian Haas
Physical Geography, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Osten 14 and 18, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
Tobias Heckmann
Physical Geography, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Osten 14 and 18, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
Florentin Hofmeister
Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
Livia Piermattei
Remote sensing Group, Research Unit Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Camillo Ressl
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8, 1050 Vienna, Austria
Svenja Trautmann
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Michael H. Wimmer
Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV), Arltgasse 35, 1020 Vienna, Austria
Clemens Geitner
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Johann Stötter
Department of Geography, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Erich Tasser
Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research,
Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
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Earth Surf. Dynam., 14, 601–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-14-601-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-14-601-2026, 2026
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Amaury Dehecq, Friedrich Knuth, Joaquín M. C. Belart, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Adina Racoviteanu, Robert McNabb, David Shean, and Luc Godin
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Camillo Ressl, Norbert Pfeifer, Christine Ressl, and Andreas Bayr
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XI-2-2026, 29–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-29-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-29-2026, 2026
Xinyang Fan, Florentin Hofmeister, Bettina Schaefli, and Gabriele Chiogna
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6065, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6065, 2025
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We adopt a physics-based, fully-integrated hydrological modeling approach to understand streamflow variations and their interactions with groundwater in a high-elevation glaciated environment. We demonstrate opportunities and challenges of integrating point-scale groundwater observations into a distributed model. This study sheds new lights on surface-subsurface processes in high alpine environments and highlights the importance of improving subsurface representation in hydrological modeling.
Mauro Marty, Livia Piermattei, Lars T. Waser, and Christian Ginzler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5811–5832, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5811-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5811-2025, 2025
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Millions of aerial photographs represent an enormous resource for geoscientists. In this study, we used freely available historical stereo images covering Switzerland (1979–2006) to derive four countrywide digital elevation models (DSMs) at a 1 m spatial resolution. Our DSMs achieved sub-metric accuracy compared to reference data and high image matching completeness, demonstrating the feasibility of capturing surface change at a high spatial resolution over different land cover classes.
Florentin Hofmeister, Xinyang Fan, Madlene Pfeiffer, Ben Marzeion, Bettina Schaefli, and Gabriele Chiogna
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3256, 2025
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We use the WRF model for dynamically downscaling a global reanalysis product for the period 1850 to 2015 for the central European Alps. We demonstrate a workflow for transferring coarse-resolution (2 km) WRF temperature and precipitation to a much finer spatial resolution (25 m) of a physics-based hydrological model (WaSiM) and evaluate the results in a multi-data approach covering different simulation periods. Our results highlight the need for plausible and consistent elevation gradients.
Timo Schaffhauser, Florentin Hofmeister, Gabriele Chiogna, Fabian Merk, Ye Tuo, Julian Machnitzke, Lucas Alcamo, Jingshui Huang, and Markus Disse
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 3227–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3227-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3227-2025, 2025
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The glacier-expanded SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) version, SWAT-GL, was tested in four different catchments, highlighting the capabilities of the glacier routine. It was evaluated based on the representation of glacier mass balance, snow cover and glacier hypsometry. The glacier changes over a long timescale could be adequately represented, leading to promising potential future applications in glaciated and high mountain environments and significantly outperforming standard SWAT models.
Michael Grömer, Benjamin Wild, Camillo Ressl, Johannes Otepka, and Gottfried Mandlburger
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W10-2025, 95–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-95-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-95-2025, 2025
Andrea Manconi, Gwendolyn Dasser, Mylène Jacquemart, Nicolas Oestreicher, Livia Piermattei, and Tazio Strozzi
Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 9, 41, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-41-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-41-2025, 2025
Xinyang Fan, Florentin Hofmeister, Bettina Schaefli, and Gabriele Chiogna
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1500, 2025
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We adopt a fully-distributed, physics-based hydrological modeling approach, to understand streamflow variations and their interactions with groundwater in a high-elevation glaciated environment. We demonstrate opportunities and challenges of integrating point-scale groundwater observations into a distributed model. This study sheds new lights on surface-subsurface processes in high alpine environments and highlights the importance of improving subsurface representation in hydrological modeling.
Thirawat Bannakulpiphat, Wilfried Karel, Camillo Ressl, and Norbert Pfeifer
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W7-2024, 17–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W7-2024-17-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W7-2024-17-2024, 2024
Juditha Aga, Livia Piermattei, Luc Girod, Kristoffer Aalstad, Trond Eiken, Andreas Kääb, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1049–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, 2024
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Coastal rock cliffs on Svalbard are considered to be fairly stable; however, long-term trends in coastal-retreat rates remain unknown. This study examines changes in the coastline position along Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, using aerial images from 1970, 1990, 2010, and 2021. Our analysis shows that coastal-retreat rates accelerate during the period 2010–2021, which coincides with increasing storminess and retreating sea ice.
Livia Piermattei, Michael Zemp, Christian Sommer, Fanny Brun, Matthias H. Braun, Liss M. Andreassen, Joaquín M. C. Belart, Etienne Berthier, Atanu Bhattacharya, Laura Boehm Vock, Tobias Bolch, Amaury Dehecq, Inés Dussaillant, Daniel Falaschi, Caitlyn Florentine, Dana Floricioiu, Christian Ginzler, Gregoire Guillet, Romain Hugonnet, Matthias Huss, Andreas Kääb, Owen King, Christoph Klug, Friedrich Knuth, Lukas Krieger, Jeff La Frenierre, Robert McNabb, Christopher McNeil, Rainer Prinz, Louis Sass, Thorsten Seehaus, David Shean, Désirée Treichler, Anja Wendt, and Ruitang Yang
The Cryosphere, 18, 3195–3230, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3195-2024, 2024
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Satellites have made it possible to observe glacier elevation changes from all around the world. In the present study, we compared the results produced from two different types of satellite data between different research groups and against validation measurements from aeroplanes. We found a large spread between individual results but showed that the group ensemble can be used to reliably estimate glacier elevation changes and related errors from satellite data.
Reuma Arav, Camillo Ressl, Robert Weiss, Thomas Artz, and Gottfried Mandlburger
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Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
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We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Livia Piermattei, Tobias Heckmann, Sarah Betz-Nutz, Moritz Altmann, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Manuel Stark, Florian Haas, Camillo Ressl, Michael H. Wimmer, Norbert Pfeifer, and Michael Becht
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Alpine rivers have experienced strong changes over the last century. In the present study, we explore the potential of historical multi-temporal elevation models, combined with recent topographic data, to quantify 66 years (from 1953 to 2019) of river changes in the glacier forefield of an Alpine catchment. Thereby, we quantify the changes in the river form as well as the related sediment erosion and deposition.
Sarah Betz-Nutz, Tobias Heckmann, Florian Haas, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 203–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-203-2023, 2023
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The geomorphic activity of LIA lateral moraines is of high interest due to its implications for the sediment fluxes and hazards within proglacial areas. We derived multitemporal models from historical aerial images and recent drone images to investigate the morphodynamics on moraine slopes over time. We found that the highest erosion rates occur on the steepest moraine slopes, which stay active for decades, and that the slope angle explains morphodynamics better than the time since deglaciation.
Jakob Rom, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Moritz Altmann, Fabian Fleischer, Camillo Ressl, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 601–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-601-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-601-2023, 2023
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In this study, an area-wide slope-type debris flow record has been established for Horlachtal, Austria, since 1947 based on historical and recent remote sensing data. Spatial and temporal analyses show variations in debris flow activity in space and time in a high-alpine region. The results can contribute to a better understanding of past slope-type debris flow dynamics in the context of extreme precipitation events and their possible future development.
Frank Paul, Livia Piermattei, Désirée Treichler, Lin Gilbert, Luc Girod, Andreas Kääb, Ludivine Libert, Thomas Nagler, Tazio Strozzi, and Jan Wuite
The Cryosphere, 16, 2505–2526, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2505-2022, 2022
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Glacier surges are widespread in the Karakoram and have been intensely studied using satellite data and DEMs. We use time series of such datasets to study three glacier surges in the same region of the Karakoram. We found strongly contrasting advance rates and flow velocities, maximum velocities of 30 m d−1, and a change in the surge mechanism during a surge. A sensor comparison revealed good agreement, but steep terrain and the two smaller glaciers caused limitations for some of them.
G. Verhoeven, B. Wild, J. Schlegel, M. Wieser, N. Pfeifer, S. Wogrin, L. Eysn, M. Carloni, B. Koschiček-Krombholz, A. Molada-Tebar, J. Otepka-Schremmer, C. Ressl, M. Trognitz, and A. Watzinger
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-2-W1-2022, 513–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-513-2022, 2022
Marcel Lerch, Tobias Bromm, Clemens Geitner, Jean Nicolas Haas, Dieter Schäfer, Bruno Glaser, and Michael Zech
Biogeosciences, 19, 1135–1150, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1135-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1135-2022, 2022
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Faecal biomarker analyses present a useful tool in geoarcheological research. For a better understanding of the lives of our ancestors in alpine regions, we investigated modern livestock faeces and Holocene soils at the prehistorical encampment site of Ullafelsen in the Fotsch Valley, Stubai Alps, Austria. Initial results show a high input of livestock faeces and a negligible input of human faeces for this archeological site. Future studies will focus on mire archives in the Fotsch Valley.
Fabian Fleischer, Florian Haas, Livia Piermattei, Madlene Pfeiffer, Tobias Heckmann, Moritz Altmann, Jakob Rom, Manuel Stark, Michael H. Wimmer, Norbert Pfeifer, and Michael Becht
The Cryosphere, 15, 5345–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5345-2021, 2021
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We investigate the long-term (1953–2017) morphodynamic changes in rock glaciers in Kaunertal valley, Austria. Using a combination of historical aerial photographs and laser scanning data, we derive information on flow velocities and surface elevation changes. We observe a loss of volume and an acceleration from the late 1990s onwards. We explain this by changes in the meteorological forcing. Individual rock glaciers react to these changes to varying degrees.
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Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the...
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