Research article 08 Aug 2016
Research article | 08 Aug 2016
Seasonal variability of the oxygen minimum zone off Peru in a high-resolution regional coupled model
Oscar Vergara et al.
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Marine Bretagnon, Aurélien Paulmier, Véronique Garçon, Boris Dewitte, Séréna Illig, Nathalie Leblond, Laurent Coppola, Fernando Campos, Federico Velazco, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Andreas Oschlies, J. Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Helmut Maske, Oscar Vergara, Ivonne Montes, Philippe Martinez, Edgardo Carrasco, Jacques Grelet, Olivier Desprez-De-Gesincourt, Christophe Maes, and Lionel Scouarnec
Biogeosciences, 15, 5093–5111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5093-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5093-2018, 2018
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In oxygen minimum zone, the fate of the organic matter is a key question as the low oxygen condition would preserve the OM and thus enhance the biological carbon pump while the high microbial activity would foster the remineralisation and the greenhouse gases emission. To investigate this paradigm, sediment traps were deployed off Peru. We pointed out the influence of the oxygenation as well as the organic matter quantity and quality on the carbon transfer efficiency in the oxygen minimum zone.
João H. Bettencourt, Vincent Rossi, Lionel Renault, Peter Haynes, Yves Morel, and Véronique Garçon
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 27, 277–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-277-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-277-2020, 2020
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The oceans are losing oxygen, and future changes may worsen this problem. We performed computer simulations of an idealized Iberian Peninsula upwelling system to identify the main fine-scale processes driving dissolved oxygen variability as well as study the response of oxygen levels to changes in wind patterns and phytoplankton species. Our results suggest that oxygen levels would decrease if the wind blows for long periods of time or if phytoplankton is dominated by species that grow slowly.
Marine Bretagnon, Aurélien Paulmier, Véronique Garçon, Boris Dewitte, Séréna Illig, Nathalie Leblond, Laurent Coppola, Fernando Campos, Federico Velazco, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Andreas Oschlies, J. Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Helmut Maske, Oscar Vergara, Ivonne Montes, Philippe Martinez, Edgardo Carrasco, Jacques Grelet, Olivier Desprez-De-Gesincourt, Christophe Maes, and Lionel Scouarnec
Biogeosciences, 15, 5093–5111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5093-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5093-2018, 2018
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In oxygen minimum zone, the fate of the organic matter is a key question as the low oxygen condition would preserve the OM and thus enhance the biological carbon pump while the high microbial activity would foster the remineralisation and the greenhouse gases emission. To investigate this paradigm, sediment traps were deployed off Peru. We pointed out the influence of the oxygenation as well as the organic matter quantity and quality on the carbon transfer efficiency in the oxygen minimum zone.
Mélanie Giraud, Véronique Garçon, Denis De La Broise, Stéphane L'Helguen, Joël Sudre, and Marie Boye
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-306, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-306, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Associated to transitional
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Tatiana Matveeva, Daria Gushchina, and Boris Dewitte
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2373–2392, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2373-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2373-2018, 2018
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Predicting El Niño both in current condition and for the next century is a key societal need. Intraseasonal atmosphere variability (ITV) plays an important role in triggering of El Niño; the El Niño/ITV relationship may change in future climate. The purpose of this study is to select the models that are most skilful in simulation of the ITV/El Niño relationship and thus promising for investigation of the El Niño mechanism under global climate change. Five models of CMIP5 project were selected.
Michelle I. Graco, Sara Purca, Boris Dewitte, Carmen G. Castro, Octavio Morón, Jesús Ledesma, Georgina Flores, and Dimitri Gutiérrez
Biogeosciences, 14, 4601–4617, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4601-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4601-2017, 2017
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The Peruvian coastal upwelling ecosystem is a natural laboratory to study climatic variability and climate change. We examined the variability in the OMZ in the last decades in connection with the equatorial Pacific strong 1997–1998 El Niño event and the influence of central Pacific El Niño events and enhanced equatorial Kelvin wave activity since 2000. The data reveal two contrasting regimes and a long-term trend corresponding to a deepening of the oxygen-deficient waters and warming.
Manuel I. Castillo, Oscar Pizarro, Nadin Ramírez, and Mario Cáceres
Ocean Sci., 13, 145–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-145-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-145-2017, 2017
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Here we present the results of an intensive physical oceanography study conducted in the Reloncavi fjord (41.5º S, 72.5º W) which was focused on the sub-inertial timescale. The along-fjord currents presented 3-day oscillations which were consistent with the natural internal period of oscillation of the fjord basin (internal seiche). This oscillation could explain more than 44 % of the 3-day variability and contributed with kinetic energy levels as large as the tidal currents.
Luis Bravo, Marcel Ramos, Orlando Astudillo, Boris Dewitte, and Katerina Goubanova
Ocean Sci., 12, 1049–1065, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1049-2016, 2016
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We evaluated the seasonal variability in Ekman transport, pumping and their relative contribution to total upwelling along the central-northern Chile region (~30ºS) from a high-resolution atmospheric model simulation. The results showed that the relative contribution of Ekman transport and pumping to the vertical transport along the coast, considering the estimated wind drop-off length, indicated meridional alternation between both mechanisms, modulated by orography and the intricate coastline.
Marcela Cornejo D'Ottone, Luis Bravo, Marcel Ramos, Oscar Pizarro, Johannes Karstensen, Mauricio Gallegos, Marco Correa-Ramirez, Nelson Silva, Laura Farias, and Lee Karp-Boss
Biogeosciences, 13, 2971–2979, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2971-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2971-2016, 2016
Manuel I. Castillo, Ursula Cifuentes, Oscar Pizarro, Leif Djurfeldt, and Mario Caceres
Ocean Sci., 12, 533–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-533-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-533-2016, 2016
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The upper layer of the Reloncaví fjord, Chile, shows a continuous stratification year-round. Nevertheless, the vertical salt flux seems to be balanced by the horizontal salt flux, which maintains the amount of salt into the fjord nearly as a steady state. The upper layer shows a flushing time of about 3 days.
I. Hernández-Carrasco, J. Sudre, V. Garçon, H. Yahia, C. Garbe, A. Paulmier, B. Dewitte, S. Illig, I. Dadou, M. González-Dávila, and J. M. Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 12, 5229–5245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5229-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5229-2015, 2015
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We have reconstructed maps of air-sea CO2 fluxes at high resolution (4 km) in the offshore Benguela region using sea surface temperature and ocean colour data and CarbonTracker CO2 fluxes data at low resolution (110 km).
The inferred representation of pCO2 improves the description provided by CarbonTracker, enhancing small-scale variability.
We find that the resolution, as well as the inferred pCO2 data itself, is closer to in situ measurements of pCO2.
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Patrick A. Rafter, Aaron Bagnell, Dario Marconi, and Timothy DeVries
Biogeosciences, 16, 2617–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, 2019
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Elena Terzić, Paolo Lazzari, Emanuele Organelli, Cosimo Solidoro, Stefano Salon, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 16, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, 2019
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Jens Terhaar, James C. Orr, Marion Gehlen, Christian Ethé, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 16, 2343–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, 2019
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A budget of anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean, the main driver of open-ocean acidification, was constructed for the first time using a high-resolution ocean model. The budget reveals that anthropogenic carbon enters the Arctic Ocean mainly by lateral transport; the air–sea flux plays a minor role. Coarser-resolution versions of the same model, typical of earth system models, store less anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean and thus underestimate ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean.
Taylor S. Martin, François Primeau, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 16, 347–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-347-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-347-2019, 2019
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Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, Laurent Bopp, Briac Le Vu, James C. Orr, Samuel Somot, and François Dulac
Biogeosciences, 16, 135–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, 2019
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Angela M. Kuhn, Katja Fennel, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 7379–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, 2018
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Prima Anugerahanti, Shovonlal Roy, and Keith Haines
Biogeosciences, 15, 6685–6711, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018, 2018
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Minor changes in the biogeochemical model equations lead to major dynamical changes. We assessed this structural sensitivity for the MEDUSA biogeochemical model on chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations at five oceanographic stations over 10 years, using 1-D ensembles generated by combining different process equations. The ensemble performed better than the default model in most of the stations, suggesting that our approach is useful for generating a probabilistic biogeochemical ensemble model.
Audrey Gimenez, Melika Baklouti, Thibaut Wagener, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 6573–6589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6573-2018, 2018
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During the OUTPACE cruise conducted in the oligotrophic to ultra-oligotrophic region of the western tropical South Pacific, two contrasted regions were sampled in terms of N2 fixation rates, primary production rates and nutrient availability. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of N2 fixation in the differences observed between the two contrasted areas by comparing two simulations only differing by the presence or not of N2 fixers using a 1-D biogeochemical–physical coupled model.
Jenny Hieronymus, Kari Eilola, Magnus Hieronymus, H. E. Markus Meier, Sofia Saraiva, and Bengt Karlson
Biogeosciences, 15, 5113–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5113-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5113-2018, 2018
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This paper investigates how phytoplankton concentrations in the Baltic Sea co-vary with nutrient concentrations and other key variables on inter-annual timescales in a model integration over the years 1850–2008. The study area is not only affected by climate change; it has also been subjected to greatly increased nutrient loads due to extensive use of agricultural fertilizers. The results indicate the largest inter-annual coherence of phytoplankton with the limiting nutrient.
Cyril Dutheil, Olivier Aumont, Thomas Gorguès, Anne Lorrain, Sophie Bonnet, Martine Rodier, Cécile Dupouy, Takuhei Shiozaki, and Christophe Menkes
Biogeosciences, 15, 4333–4352, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4333-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4333-2018, 2018
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N2 fixation is recognized as one of the major sources of nitrogen in the ocean. Thus, N2 fixation sustains a significant part of the primary production (PP) by supplying the most common limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. From numerical simulations, the local maximums of Trichodesmium biomass in the Pacific are found around islands, explained by the iron fluxes from island sediments. We assessed that 15 % of the PP may be due to Trichodesmium in the low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll areas.
Akitomo Yamamoto, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, and Yasuhiro Yamanaka
Biogeosciences, 15, 4163–4180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018, 2018
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Millennial-scale changes in oceanic CO2 uptake due to global warming are simulated by a GCM and offline biogeochemical model. Sensitivity studies show that decreases in oceanic CO2 uptake are mainly caused by a weaker biological pump and seawater warming. Enhanced CO2 uptake due to weaker equatorial upwelling cancels out reduced CO2 uptake due to weaker AMOC and AABW formation. Thus, circulation change plays only a small direct role in reduction of CO2 uptake due to global warming.
Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Yanyun Liu, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Frank E. Muller-Karger, and John T. Lamkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3561–3576, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, 2018
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Seasonal patterns in nanophytoplankton and diatom biomass in the Gulf of Mexico were examined with an ocean–biogeochemical model. We found silica limitation of model diatom growth in the deep GoM and Mississippi delta. Zooplankton grazing and both transport and vertical mixing of biomass substantially influence the model phytoplankton biomass seasonality. We stress the need for integrated analyses of biologically and physically driven biomass fluxes to describe phytoplankton seasonal changes.
Martí Galí, Maurice Levasseur, Emmanuel Devred, Rafel Simó, and Marcel Babin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3497–3519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, 2018
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We developed a new algorithm to estimate the sea-surface concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) using satellite data. DMS is a gas produced by marine plankton that, once emitted to the atmosphere, plays a key climatic role by seeding cloud formation. We used the algorithm to produce global DMS maps and also regional DMS time series. The latter suggest that DMS can vary largely from one year to another, which should be taken into account in atmospheric studies.
Konstantin Stolpovsky, Andrew W. Dale, and Klaus Wallmann
Biogeosciences, 15, 3391–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3391-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3391-2018, 2018
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The paper describes a new way to parameterize G-type models in marine sediments using data about reactivity of organic carbon sinking to the seafloor.
Anne Marx, Marcus Conrad, Vadym Aizinger, Alexander Prechtel, Robert van Geldern, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 15, 3093–3106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3093-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3093-2018, 2018
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CO2 outgassing from small streams causes one of the main uncertainties in global carbon budgets. These are caused by variable flow conditions, changing stream surface areas, and groundwater seeps. Here we used groundwater data to improve a novel stable carbon isotope modelling approach. We found that CO2 outgassing contributed more than three-fourths of annual stream inorganic carbon loss in a small, silicate catchment. We underline the potential of this approach for global applications.
Malin Ödalen, Jonas Nycander, Kevin I. C. Oliver, Laurent Brodeau, and Andy Ridgwell
Biogeosciences, 15, 1367–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1367-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1367-2018, 2018
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We conclude that different initial states for an ocean model result in different capacities for ocean carbon storage due to differences in the ocean circulation state and the origin of the carbon in the initial ocean carbon reservoir. This could explain why it is difficult to achieve comparable responses of the ocean carbon system in model inter-comparison studies in which the initial states vary between models. We show that this effect of the initial state is quantifiable.
Johan van der Molen, Piet Ruardij, Karen Mooney, Philip Kerrison, Nessa E. O'Connor, Emma Gorman, Klaas Timmermans, Serena Wright, Maeve Kelly, Adam D. Hughes, and Elisa Capuzzo
Biogeosciences, 15, 1123–1147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1123-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1123-2018, 2018
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Macroalgae farming may provide biofuel. Modelled macroalgae production is given for four sites in UK and Dutch waters. Macroalgae growth depended on nutrient concentrations and light levels. Macroalgae carbohydrate content, important for biofuel use, was lower for high nutrient concentrations. The hypothetical large-scale farm off the UK north Norfolk coast gave high, stable yields of macroalgae from year to year with substantial carbohydrate content.
Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, John C. P. Hemmings, and Walker O. Smith Jr.
Biogeosciences, 15, 73–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-73-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-73-2018, 2018
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Computer simulations of the highly variable phytoplankton in the Ross Sea demonstrated how incorporating data from different sources (satellite, ship, or glider) results in different system interpretations. For example, simulations assimilating satellite-based data produced lower carbon export estimates. Combining observations with models in this remote, harsh, and biologically variable environment should include consideration of the potential impacts of data frequency, duration, and coverage.
Karin F. Kvale and Katrin J. Meissner
Biogeosciences, 14, 4767–4780, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4767-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4767-2017, 2017
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Climate models containing ocean biogeochemistry contain a lot of poorly constrained parameters, which makes model tuning difficult. For more than 20 years modellers have generally assumed phytoplankton light attenuation parameter value choice has an insignificant affect on model ocean primary production; thus, it is often overlooked for tuning. We show that an empirical range of light attenuation parameter values can affect primary production, with increasing sensitivity under climate change.
Elisa Lovecchio, Nicolas Gruber, Matthias Münnich, and Zouhair Lachkar
Biogeosciences, 14, 3337–3369, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3337-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3337-2017, 2017
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We find that a big portion of the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detrital organic matter produced near the northern African coast is laterally transported towards the open North Atlantic. This offshore flux sustains a relevant part of the biological activity in the open sea and reaches as far as the middle of the North Atlantic. Our results, obtained with a state-of-the-art model, highlight the fundamental role of the narrow but productive coastal ocean in sustaining global marine life.
Guillaume Le Gland, Laurent Mémery, Olivier Aumont, and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 14, 3171–3189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3171-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3171-2017, 2017
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In this study, we computed the fluxes of radium-228 from the continental shelf to the open ocean by fitting a numerical model to observations. After determining appropriate model parameters (cost function and number of source regions), we found a lower and more precise global flux than previous estimates: 8.01–8.49×1023 atoms yr−1. This result can be used to assess nutrient and trace element fluxes to the open ocean, but we cannot identify specific pathways like submarine groundwater discharge.
Hakase Hayashida, Nadja Steiner, Adam Monahan, Virginie Galindo, Martine Lizotte, and Maurice Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 14, 3129–3155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, 2017
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In remote regions, cloud conditions may be strongly influenced by oceanic source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by plankton and bacteria. In the Arctic, sea ice provides an additional source of these aerosols. The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account both the sea-ice sulfur cycle and ecosystem in the flux estimates of oceanic DMS near the ice margins and identify key uncertainties in processes and rates that would be better constrained by new observations.
Bin Wang, Jiatang Hu, Shiyu Li, and Dehong Liu
Biogeosciences, 14, 2979–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2979-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2979-2017, 2017
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We proposed a novel method named the physical modulation method to quantify the contributions of boundary conditions, the source and sink processes occurring in local and adjacent waters to DO conditions. A mass balance analysis of DO based on the physical modulation method indicated that the DO conditions were mainly controlled by source and sink processes, among which the sediment oxygen demand and re-aeration were two main processes controlling the spatial extent and the duration of hypoxia.
Maria Moreno de Castro, Markus Schartau, and Kai Wirtz
Biogeosciences, 14, 1883–1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1883-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1883-2017, 2017
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Observations from different mesocosms exposed to the same treatment level typically show variability that hinders the detection of potential treatments effects. To unearth relevant sources of variability, we developed and performed a data-based model analysis that simulates uncertainty propagation. With this method we investigate the divergence in the outcomes due to the amplification of differences in experimentally unresolved ecological factors within replicates of the same treatment level.
Shubham Krishna and Markus Schartau
Biogeosciences, 14, 1857–1882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1857-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1857-2017, 2017
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This study combines experimental data with results from numerical modelling. Data of an ocean acidification mesocosm experiment are used to constrain parameter values of a plankton model. Three different intensities of calcification are resolved with ensembles of optimised model results. Observed variability in data can be well explained by these ensemble model solutions. The simulated ocean acidification effect on calcification is small compared to the spread of the ensemble model solutions.
Markus Schartau, Philip Wallhead, John Hemmings, Ulrike Löptien, Iris Kriest, Shubham Krishna, Ben A. Ward, Thomas Slawig, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 14, 1647–1701, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1647-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1647-2017, 2017
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Plankton models have become an integral part in marine ecosystem and biogeochemical research. These models differ in complexity and in their number of parameters. How values are assigned to parameters is essential. An overview of major methodologies of parameter estimation is provided. Aspects of parameter identification in the literature are diverse. Individual findings could be better synthesized if notation and expertise of the different scientific communities would be reasonably merged.
Marco van Hulten, Rob Middag, Jean-Claude Dutay, Hein de Baar, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Marion Gehlen, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Andreas Sterl
Biogeosciences, 14, 1123–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, 2017
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We ran a global ocean model to understand manganese (Mn), a biologically essential element. Our model shows that (i) in the deep ocean, dissolved [Mn] is mostly homogeneous ~0.10—0.15 nM. The model reproduces this with a threshold on MnO2 of 25 pM, suggesting a minimal particle concentration is needed before aggregation and removal become efficient.
(ii) The observed distinct hydrothermal signals are produced by assuming both a strong source and a strong removal of Mn near hydrothermal vents.
Laura Perrin, Ian Probert, Gerald Langer, and Giovanni Aloisi
Biogeosciences, 13, 5983–6001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5983-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5983-2016, 2016
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Coccolithophores are calcifying marine algae that play an important role in the oceanic carbon cycle. Deep niches of coccolithophores exist in the ocean and are poorly understood. Laboratory cultures with the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi were carried out to reproduce the environmental conditions (light–nutrient limitation) of a deep niche in the South Pacific Ocean. Physiological modelling of experimental results allows us to estimate the growth rates of coccolithophores in this niche.
Audrey Gimenez, Melika Baklouti, Sophie Bonnet, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 13, 5103–5120, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5103-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5103-2016, 2016
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In the context of the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in the Nouméa lagoon (New Caledonia), a 1-D vertical biogeochemical mechanistic model was used together with the in situ experiment to complement our comprehension of the planktonic ecosystem dynamics and the main biogeochemical carbon, nitrogen and phosphate fluxes. The model also showed the fate of fixed N2 by providing, over time, the proportion of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) in each compartment (mineral and organic) of the model.
Claudie Beaulieu, Harriet Cole, Stephanie Henson, Andrew Yool, Thomas R. Anderson, Lee de Mora, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Momme Butenschön, Ian J. Totterdell, and J. Icarus Allen
Biogeosciences, 13, 4533–4553, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4533-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4533-2016, 2016
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Regime shifts have been suggested in the late 1970s and late 1980s in the Gulf of Alaska with important consequences for fisheries. Here we investigate the ability of a suite of ocean biogeochemical models of varying complexity to simulate these regime shifts. Our results demonstrate that ocean models can successfully simulate regime shifts in the Gulf of Alaska region, thereby improving our understanding of how changes in physical conditions are propagated from lower to upper trophic levels.
Zuo Xue, Ruoying He, Katja Fennel, Wei-Jun Cai, Steven Lohrenz, Wei-Jen Huang, Hanqin Tian, Wei Ren, and Zhengchen Zang
Biogeosciences, 13, 4359–4377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, 2016
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In this study we used a state-of-the-science coupled physical–biogeochemical model to simulate and examine temporal and spatial variability of sea surface CO2 concentration in the Gulf of Mexico. Our model revealed the Gulf was a net CO2 sink with a flux of 1.11 ± 0.84 × 1012 mol C yr−1. We also found that biological uptake was the primary driver making the Gulf an overall CO2 sink and that the carbon flux in the northern Gulf was very susceptible to changes in river inputs.
Corinne A. Hartin, Benjamin Bond-Lamberty, Pralit Patel, and Anupriya Mundra
Biogeosciences, 13, 4329–4342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4329-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4329-2016, 2016
Pei-Chuan Chuang, Megan B. Young, Andrew W. Dale, Laurence G. Miller, Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira, and Adina Paytan
Biogeosciences, 13, 2981–3001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016, 2016
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A transport-reaction model was used to simulate porewater methane and sulfate concentrations. Model results and sediment slurry incubation experiments show high methane production rates supported by non-competitive substrates and ample dissolved and labile organic matter as well as methane from deeper sediment through bubbles dissolution and diffusion. The shallow methane production and accumulation depths in these sediments promote high methane fluxes to the water column and atmosphere.
Cited articles
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Arévalo-Martínez, D., Kock, L. A., Löscher, C. R., Schmitz, R. A., and Bange, R. A.: Massive nitrous oxide emissions from the tropical South Pacific Ocean, Nat. Geosci., 8, 530–533, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2469, 2015.
Bettencourt, J. H., López, C., Hernández-García, E., Montes, I., Sudre, J., Dewitte, B., Paulmier A., and Garçon, V.: Boundaries of the Peruvian Oxygen Minimum Zone shaped by coherent mesoscale dynamics, Nat. Geosci., 8, 937–940,, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2570, 2015.
Bianchi, D., Dunne, J. P., Sarmiento, J. L., and Galbraith, E. D.: Data-based estimates of suboxia, denitrification, and N2O production in the ocean and their sensitivities to dissolved O2, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004209, 2012.
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Brandt, P., Bange, H. W., Banyte, D., Dengler, M., Didwischus, S.-H., Fischer, T., Greatbatch, R. J., Hahn, J., Kanzow, T., Karstensen, J., Körtzinger, A., Krahmann, G., Schmidtko, S., Stramma, L., Tanhua, T., and Visbeck, M.: On the role of circulation and mixing in the ventilation of oxygen minimum zones with a focus on the eastern tropical North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 12, 489–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, 2015.
Cabré, A., Marinov, I., Bernardello, R., and Bianchi, D.: Oxygen minimum zones in the tropical Pacific across CMIP5 models: mean state differences and climate change trends, Biogeosciences, 12, 5429–5454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5429-2015, 2015.
Cambon G., Goubanova, K., Marchesiello, P., Dewitte, B., Illig, S., and Echevin, V.: Assessing the impact of downscaled winds on a regional ocean model simulation of the Humboldt system, Ocean Model., 65, 11–24, 2013.
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Colas, F., McWillimas, J. C., Capet, X., and Kurian, J.: Heat balance and eddies in the Peru-Chile current system, Clim. Dynam., 39, 509–529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1170-6, 2012.
Combes, V., Hormazabal, S., and Di Lorenzo, E.: Interannual variability of the subsurface eddy field in the Southeast Pacific, J. Gephys. Res., 120, 4907–4924, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010265, 2015.
Cornejo, M. and Farías, L.: Following the N2O consumption in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern South Pacific, Biogeosciences, 9, 3205–3212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3205-2012, 2012.
Cornejo, M., Farías, L., and Paulmier, A.: Temporal variability in N2O water content and its air-sea exchange in an upwelling area off central Chile (36° S), Mar. Chem., 101, 85–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.01.004, 2006.
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Czeschel, R., Stramma, L., Weller, R. A., and Fischer, T.: Circulation, eddies, oxygen, and nutrient changes in the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean, Ocean Sci., 11, 455–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-455-2015, 2015.
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Dewitte, B., Illig, S.,Renault, L., Goubanova, K., Takahashi, K., Gushchina, D., Mosquera, K., and Purca, S.: Modes of covariability between sea surface temperature and wind stress intraseasonal anomalies along the coast of Peru from satellite observations (2000–2008), J. Geophys. Res., 116, C04028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006495, 2011.
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Goubanova, K., Echevin, V., Dewitte, B., Codron, F., Takahashi, K., Terray, P., and Vrac, M.: Statistical downscaling of sea-surface wind over the Peru–Chile upwelling region: diagnosing the impact of climate change from the IPSL-CM4 model, Clim. Dynam., 36, 1365, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0824-0, 2011.
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Gutiérrez, D., Enriquez, E., Purca, S., Quipuzcoa, L., Marquina, R., Flores, G., and Graco, M.: Oxygenation episodes on the continental shelf of central Peru: remote forcing and benthic ecosystem response, Prog. Oceanogr., 79, 177–189, 2008.
Gutiérrez, D., Bouloubassi, I., Sifeddine, A., Purca, S., Goubanova, K., Graco, M., Field, D., Mejanelle, L., Velazco, F., Lorre, A., Salvatteci, R., Quispe, D., Vargas, G., Dewitte, B., and Ortlieb, L.: Coastal cooling and increased productivity in the main upwelling zone off Peru since the mid-twentieth century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L07603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046324, 2011.
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Short summary
The Southeast Pacific hosts one of the most extensive oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), yet the dynamics behind it remain unveiled. We use a high-resolution coupled physical–biogeochemical model to document the seasonal cycle of dissolved oxygen within the OMZ in both the coastal zone and the offshore ocean. The OMZ seasonal variability is driven by the seasonal fluctuations of the dissolved oxygen eddy flux, with a peak in Austral winter (fall) at the northern (southern) boundary and near the coast.
The Southeast Pacific hosts one of the most extensive oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), yet the...
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