Articles | Volume 16, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1447-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1447-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Apr 2019
Research article |
| 09 Apr 2019
| 09 Apr 2019
Vertical distribution of chlorophyll in dynamically distinct regions of the southern Bay of Bengal
Venugopal Thushara
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Adrian J. Matthews
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences and School of Mathematics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Benjamin G. M. Webber
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Bastien Y. Queste
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Siyu Meng, Xun Gong, Benjamin Webber, Manoj Joshi, Xiaokun Ding, Xiang Gong, Mingliang Gu, and Huiwang Gao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-13, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
The North Pacific Ocean Desert (NPOD), with low phytoplankton biomass, covers about 40 % of the North Pacific. The variations in NPOD seasonal cycle, which have a greater impact than its annual mean changes, are influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation from 1998 to 2021. However, from 2021 to 2100, a weakened NPOD seasonal cycle is expected due to climate change. These changes in NPOD seasonal cycle could affect fisheries and marine ecosystems.
Estel Font, Sebastiaan Swart, Puthenveettil Narayana Vinayachandran, and Bastien Y. Queste
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-468, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-468, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mode water is formed annually and sits between the warm surface water and deeper older waters. In the Arabian Sea, it plays a crucial role in regulating ocean heat and oxygen variability by acting as a doorway between the surface and deeper waters. Using observations and models, we show its formation is primarily driven by atmospheric forcing, though ocean currents, eddies, and biological heating also influence its life cycle. This water mass contributes up to 30% to the region's oxygen content.
Blandine Jacob, Bastien Y. Queste, and Marcel D. du Plessis
Ocean Sci., 21, 359–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-359-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-359-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Few observations exist in the Amundsen Sea. Consequently, studies rely on reanalysis (e.g., ERA5) to investigate how the atmosphere affects ocean variability (e.g., sea-ice formation and melt). We use data collected along ice shelves to show that cold, dry air blowing from Antarctica triggers large ocean heat loss, which is underestimated by ERA5. We then use an ocean model to show that this bias has an important impact on the ocean, with implications for sea-ice forecasts.
Peter M. F. Sheehan, Benjamin G. M. Webber, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks, and Bastien Y. Queste
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3681, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3681, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using measurements and computer models, we identify a large flux of oxygen within the Southwest Monsoon Current, which flows north into the Bay of Bengal between June and September each year. Oxygen levels in the Bay are very low, but not quite low enough for key nutrient cycles to be as dramatically altered as in other low-oxygen regions. We suggest that the flux we identify contributes to keeping oxygen levels in the Bay above the threshold below which dramatic changes would occur.
Emma Howard, Steven Woolnough, Nicholas Klingaman, Daniel Shipley, Claudio Sanchez, Simon C. Peatman, Cathryn E. Birch, and Adrian J. Matthews
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3815–3837, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a coupled atmosphere–mixed-layer ocean simulation setup that will be used to study weather processes in Southeast Asia. The set-up has been used to compare high-resolution simulations, which are able to partially resolve storms, to coarser simulations, which cannot. We compare the model performance at representing variability of rainfall and sea surface temperatures across length scales between the coarse and fine models.
Elise S. Droste, Mario Hoppema, Melchor González-Dávila, Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Bastien Y. Queste, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Hugh J. Venables, Gerd Rohardt, Sharyn Ossebaar, Daniel Schuller, Sunke Trace-Kleeberg, and Dorothee C. E. Bakker
Ocean Sci., 18, 1293–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tides affect the marine carbonate chemistry of a coastal polynya neighbouring the Ekström Ice Shelf by movement of seawater with different physical and biogeochemical properties. The result is that the coastal polynya in the summer can switch between being a sink or a source of CO2 multiple times a day. We encourage consideration of tides when collecting in polar coastal regions to account for tide-driven variability and to avoid overestimations or underestimations of air–sea CO2 exchange.
Benjamin R. Loveday, Timothy Smyth, Anıl Akpinar, Tom Hull, Mark E. Inall, Jan Kaiser, Bastien Y. Queste, Matt Tobermann, Charlotte A. J. Williams, and Matthew R. Palmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3997–4016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a new approach to combine autonomous underwater glider data and satellite Earth observations, we have generated a 19-month time series of North Sea net primary productivity – the rate at which phytoplankton absorbs carbon dioxide minus that lost through respiration. This time series, which spans 13 gliders, allows for new investigations into small-scale, high-frequency variability in the biogeochemical processes that underpin the carbon cycle and coastal marine ecosystems in shelf seas.
Yixi Zheng, David P. Stevens, Karen J. Heywood, Benjamin G. M. Webber, and Bastien Y. Queste
The Cryosphere, 16, 3005–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New observations reveal the Thwaites gyre in a habitually ice-covered region in the Amundsen Sea for the first time. This gyre rotates anticlockwise, despite the wind here favouring clockwise gyres like the Pine Island Bay gyre – the only other ocean gyre reported in the Amundsen Sea. We use an ocean model to suggest that sea ice alters the wind stress felt by the ocean and hence determines the gyre direction and strength. These processes may also be applied to other gyres in polar oceans.
Helen E. Phillips, Amit Tandon, Ryo Furue, Raleigh Hood, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Jessica A. Benthuysen, Viviane Menezes, Shijian Hu, Ben Webber, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks, Deepak Cherian, Emily Shroyer, Ming Feng, Hemantha Wijesekera, Abhisek Chatterjee, Lisan Yu, Juliet Hermes, Raghu Murtugudde, Tomoki Tozuka, Danielle Su, Arvind Singh, Luca Centurioni, Satya Prakash, and Jerry Wiggert
Ocean Sci., 17, 1677–1751, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decade, understanding of the Indian Ocean has progressed through new observations and advances in theory and models of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean, describing Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, climate variability, and the critical role of the Indian Ocean as a clearing house for anthropogenic heat.
Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran, Yukio Masumoto, Michael J. Roberts, Jenny A. Huggett, Issufo Halo, Abhisek Chatterjee, Prakash Amol, Garuda V. M. Gupta, Arvind Singh, Arnab Mukherjee, Satya Prakash, Lynnath E. Beckley, Eric Jorden Raes, and Raleigh Hood
Biogeosciences, 18, 5967–6029, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5967-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5967-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling in the coastal ocean triggers biological productivity and thus enhances fisheries. Therefore, understanding the phenomenon of upwelling and the underlying mechanisms is important. In this paper, the present understanding of the upwelling along the coastline of the Indian Ocean from the coast of Africa all the way up to the coast of Australia is reviewed. The review provides a synthesis of the physical processes associated with upwelling and its impact on the marine ecosystem.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Jack Giddings, Karen J. Heywood, Adrian J. Matthews, Manoj M. Joshi, Benjamin G. M. Webber, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks, Brian A. King, and Puthenveettil N. Vinayachandran
Ocean Sci., 17, 871–890, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-871-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-871-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of chlorophyll on SST in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Solar irradiance measured by an ocean glider and three Argo floats is used to determine the effect of chlorophyll on BoB SST during the 2016 summer monsoon. The Southwest Monsoon Current has high chlorophyll concentrations (∼0.5 mg m−3) and shallow solar penetration depths (∼14 m). Ocean mixed layer model simulations show that SST increases by 0.35°C per month, with the potential to influence monsoon rainfall.
Clàudia Abancó, Georgina L. Bennett, Adrian J. Matthews, Mark Anthony M. Matera, and Fibor J. Tan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1531–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut triggered thousands of landslides in the Itogon region (Philippines). An inventory of 1101 landslides revealed that landslides mostly occurred in slopes covered by wooded grassland in clayey materials, predominantly facing E-SE. Satellite rainfall and soil moisture data associated with Typhoon Mangkhut and the previous months in 2018 were analyzed. Results showed that landslides occurred during high-intensity rainfall that coincided with the highest soil moisture values.
Jack Giddings, Adrian J. Matthews, Nicholas P. Klingaman, Karen J. Heywood, Manoj Joshi, and Benjamin G. M. Webber
Weather Clim. Dynam., 1, 635–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-635-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-635-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of chlorophyll on the southwest monsoon is unknown. Here, seasonally varying chlorophyll in the Bay of Bengal was imposed in a general circulation model coupled to an ocean mixed layer model. The SST increases by 0.5 °C in response to chlorophyll forcing and shallow mixed layer depths in coastal regions during the inter-monsoon. Precipitation increases significantly to 3 mm d-1 across Myanmar during June and over northeast India and Bangladesh during October, decreasing model bias.
Reiner Onken, Heinz-Volker Fiekas, Laurent Beguery, Ines Borrione, Andreas Funk, Michael Hemming, Jaime Hernandez-Lasheras, Karen J. Heywood, Jan Kaiser, Michaela Knoll, Baptiste Mourre, Paolo Oddo, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Bastien Y. Queste, Aniello Russo, Kiminori Shitashima, Martin Siderius, and Elizabeth Thorp Küsel
Ocean Sci., 14, 321–335, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-321-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-321-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In June 2014, high-resolution oceanographic data were collected in the
western Mediterranean Sea by two research vessels, 11 gliders, moored
instruments, drifters, and one profiling float. The objective
of this article is to provide an overview of the data set which
is utilised by various ongoing studies, focusing on (i) water masses and circulation, (ii) operational forecasting, (iii) data assimilation, (iv) variability of the ocean, and (v) new payloads
for gliders.
Peter M. F. Sheehan, Barbara Berx, Alejandro Gallego, Rob A. Hall, Karen J. Heywood, Sarah L. Hughes, and Bastien Y. Queste
Ocean Sci., 14, 225–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-225-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-225-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate tidal velocities using observations of ocean currents collected by an underwater glider. We use these velocities to investigate the location of sharp boundaries between water masses in shallow seas. Narrow currents along these boundaries are important transport pathways around shallow seas for pollutants and organisms. Tides are an important control on boundary location in summer, but seawater salt concentration can also influence boundary location, especially in winter.
Michaela Knoll, Ines Borrione, Heinz-Volker Fiekas, Andreas Funk, Michael P. Hemming, Jan Kaiser, Reiner Onken, Bastien Queste, and Aniello Russo
Ocean Sci., 13, 889–904, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-889-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-889-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrography and circulation west of Sardinia, observed in June 2014 during REP14-MED by means of various measuring platforms, are presented and compared with previous knowledge. So far, the circulation of this area is not well-known and the hydrography is subject to long-term changes. The different water masses are characterized and temporal changes are emphasized. The observed eddies are specified and geostrophic transports in the upper ocean are presented.
Bastien Y. Queste, Liam Fernand, Timothy D. Jickells, Karen J. Heywood, and Andrew J. Hind
Biogeosciences, 13, 1209–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1209-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1209-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In stratified shelf seas, physical and biological conditions can lead to seasonal oxygen depletion when consumption exceeds supply. An ocean glider obtained a high-resolution 3-day data set of biochemical and physical properties in the central North Sea. The data revealed very high oxygen consumption rates, far exceeding previously reported rates. A consumption–supply oxygen budget indicates a localized or short-lived resuspension event causing rapid remineralization of benthic organic matter.
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Physical - Biological Coupling
Impact of clouds on vegetation albedo quantified by coupling an atmosphere and a vegetation radiative transfer model
Source-to-sink pathways of dissolved organic carbon in the river–estuary–ocean continuum: a modeling investigation
Impact of livestock activity on near-surface ground temperatures in central Mongolian grasslands
Two different phytoplankton blooming mechanisms over the East China Sea during El-Niño decaying summers
Technical note: Investigating saline water uptake by roots using spectral induced polarization
Impact of canopy environmental variables on the diurnal dynamics of water and carbon dioxide exchange at leaf and canopy level
Unique ocean circulation pathways reshape the Indian Ocean oxygen minimum zone with warming
Contribution of the open ocean to the nutrient and phytoplankton inventory in a semi-enclosed coastal sea
The contrasted phytoplankton dynamics across a frontal system in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea
Sub-frontal niches of plankton communities driven by transport and trophic interactions at ocean fronts
Differential feeding habits of the shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus correlate with their resident vent types at a scale of meters
Satellite data reveal earlier and stronger phytoplankton blooms over fronts in the Gulf Stream region
Assimilation of multiple datasets results in large differences in regional- to global-scale NEE and GPP budgets simulated by a terrestrial biosphere model
Spatiotemporal lagging of predictors improves machine learning estimates of atmosphere–forest CO2 exchange
Phytoplankton reaction to an intense storm in the north-western Mediterranean Sea
Lagrangian and Eulerian time and length scales of mesoscale ocean chlorophyll from Bio-Argo floats and satellites
Reply to Lars Olof Björn's comment on “Fundamental molecules of life are pigments which arose and co-evolved as a response to the thermodynamic imperative of dissipating the prevailing solar spectrum” by Michaelian and Simeonov (2015)
Modelling submerged biofouled microplastics and their vertical trajectories
A Bayesian sequential updating approach to predict phenology of silage maize
Using an oceanographic model to investigate the mystery of the missing puerulus
Climate pathways behind phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming
Impact of moderately energetic fine-scale dynamics on the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea
Seasonal ecosystem vulnerability to climatic anomalies in the Mediterranean
Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation
Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data
Do Loop Current eddies stimulate productivity in the Gulf of Mexico?
Quasi-tropical cyclone caused anomalous autumn coccolithophore bloom in the Black Sea
Divergent climate feedbacks on winter wheat growing and dormancy periods as affected by sowing date in the North China Plain
Microclimatic comparison of lichen heaths and shrubs: shrubification generates atmospheric heating but subsurface cooling during the growing season
Fire and vegetation dynamics in northwest Siberia during the last 60 years based on high-resolution remote sensing
Evidence of eddy-related deep-ocean current variability in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean induced by remote gap winds
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone
Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system
Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer–prey systems
Abundance and viability of particle-attached and free-floating bacteria in dusty and nondusty air
Linking tundra vegetation, snow, soil temperature, and permafrost
Drivers of the spatial phytoplankton gradient in estuarine–coastal systems: generic implications of a case study in a Dutch tidal bay
Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bioirrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen budget in the Yucatán shelf: driving mechanisms through a physical–biogeochemical coupled model
Basal thermal regime affects the biogeochemistry of subglacial systems
Influence of oceanic conditions in the energy transfer efficiency estimation of a micronekton model
Modulation of the North Atlantic deoxygenation by the slowdown of the nutrient stream
Stand age and species composition effects on surface albedo in a mixedwood boreal forest
Assessing the peatland hummock–hollow classification framework using high-resolution elevation models: implications for appropriate complexity ecosystem modeling
Tidal and seasonal forcing of dissolved nutrient fluxes in reef communities
Ideas and perspectives: Development of nascent autotrophic carbon fixation systems in various redox conditions of the fluid degassing on early Earth
Remote and local drivers of oxygen and nitrate variability in the shallow oxygen minimum zone off Mauritania in June 2014
Longitudinal contrast in turbulence along a ∼ 19° S section in the Pacific and its consequences for biogeochemical fluxes
Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks
Imprint of Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies on chlorophyll
Kevin Wolf, Evelyn Jäkel, André Ehrlich, Michael Schäfer, Hannes Feilhauer, Andreas Huth, Alexandra Weigelt, and Manfred Wendisch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3614, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3614, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the influence of clouds on the vegetation albedo using a coupled atmosphere-vegetation radiative transfer model. Both models are iteratively linked to more realistically simulate cloud-vegetation-radiation interactions over canopies. Solar, spectral and broadband irradiances have been simulated under varying cloud conditions. The simulated irradiances were used to investigate the spectral and broadband effect of clouds on vegetation albedo.
Jialing Yao, Zhi Chen, Jianzhong Ge, and Wenyan Zhang
Biogeosciences, 21, 5435–5455, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5435-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5435-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transformation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in estuaries is vital for coastal carbon cycling. We studied source-to-sink pathways of DOC in the Changjiang Estuary using a physics–biogeochemistry model. Results showed a transition of DOC from a sink to a source in the plume area during summer, with a transition from terrestrial-dominant to marine-dominant DOC. Terrigenous and marine DOC exports account for about 31 % and 69 %, respectively.
Robin Benjamin Zweigel, Avirmed Dashtseren, Khurelbaatar Temuujin, Anarmaa Sharkhuu, Clare Webster, Hanna Lee, and Sebastian Westermann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5059–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Intense grazing at grassland sites removes vegetation, reduces the snow cover, and inhibits litter layers from forming. Grazed sites generally have a larger annual ground surface temperature amplitude than ungrazed sites, but the net effect depends on effects in the transitional seasons. Our results also suggest that seasonal use of pastures can reduce ground temperatures, which can be a strategy to protect currently degrading grassland permafrost.
Dong-Geon Lee, Ji-Hoon Oh, Jonghun Kam, and Jong-Seong Kug
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3406, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3406, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During El Niño decaying summers, the East China Sea (ECS) experiences intensified phytoplankton blooms. Here, we suggest two different mechanisms. Atmospheric teleconnection induces increased rainfall, which elevates nutrient-rich runoff into the ECS. Additionally, the cyclonic wind patterns promote upwelling, delivering subsurface nutrients to surface waters. These two mechanisms operate concurrently, fueling robust phytoplankton blooms.
Solomon Ehosioke, Sarah Garre, Johan Alexander Huisman, Egon Zimmermann, Mathieu Javaux, and Frederic Nguyen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2628, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2628, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the electrical properties of the primary roots of Brachypodium and Maize plants during the uptake of fresh and saline water using SIP measurements in a frequency range from 1 Hz to 45 kHz. Our results indicate that salinity tolerance varies with the species, and that Maize is more tolerant to salinity than Brachypodium.
Raquel González-Armas, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, and Hugo de Boer
Biogeosciences, 21, 2425–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
Sam Ditkovsky, Laure Resplandy, and Julius Busecke
Biogeosciences, 20, 4711–4736, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The global ocean is losing oxygen due to warming. The Indian Ocean, however, is gaining oxygen in large parts of the basin, and its naturally occurring oxygen minimum zone is not expanding. This rather unexpected response is explained by the unique ocean circulation of the Indian Ocean, which is bounded by a continent to the north but connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Indonesian Throughflow.
Qian Leng, Xinyu Guo, Junying Zhu, and Akihiko Morimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 4323–4338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model, we revealed that a large proportion of nutrients in a semi-enclosed sea (Seto Inland Sea, Japan) comes from the Pacific Ocean and supports about half of the phytoplankton growth in the sea. Such results imply that the human-made management of nutrient load from land needs to consider the presence of oceanic nutrients, which act as a background concentration and are not controlled by human activities.
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Monique Messié, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Lloyd Izard, Yuan Zhao, Francesco d'Ovidio, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 20, 3491–3508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied a finescale frontal structure in order to highlight its influence on the dynamics and distribution of phytoplankton communities. We computed the growth rates of several phytoplankton groups identified by flow cytometry in two water masses separated by the front. We found contrasted phytoplankton dynamics on the two sides of the front, consistent with the distribution of their abundances. Our study gives new insights into the physical and biological coupling on a finescale front.
Inès Mangolte, Marina Lévy, Clément Haëck, and Mark D. Ohman
Biogeosciences, 20, 3273–3299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean fronts are ecological hotspots, associated with higher diversity and biomass for many marine organisms, from bacteria to whales. Using in situ data from the California Current Ecosystem, we show that far from being limited to the production of diatom blooms, fronts are the scene of complex biophysical couplings between biotic interactions (growth, competition, and predation) and transport by currents that generate planktonic communities with an original taxonomic and spatial structure.
Jing-Ying Wu, Siou-Yan Lin, Jung-Fu Huang, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Jia-Jang Hung, Shao-Hung Peng, and Li-Lian Liu
Biogeosciences, 20, 2693–2706, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2693-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2693-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The shallow-water hydrothermal vents off the Kueishan Island, Taiwan, have the most extreme records of pH values (1.52), temperatures (116 °C), and H2S concentrations (172.4 mmol mol−1) in the world. White and yellow vents differ in the color and physical and chemical characteristics of emitted plumes. We found that the feeding habits of the endemic vent crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) are adapted to their resident vent types at a distance of 100 m, and the trans-vent movement is uncommon.
Clément Haëck, Marina Lévy, Inès Mangolte, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 20, 1741–1758, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton vary in abundance in the ocean over large regions and with the seasons but also because of small-scale heterogeneities in surface temperature, called fronts. Here, using satellite imagery, we found that fronts enhance phytoplankton much more where it is already growing well, but despite large local increases the enhancement for the region is modest (5 %). We also found that blooms start 1 to 2 weeks earlier over fronts. These effects may have implications for ecosystems.
Cédric Bacour, Natasha MacBean, Frédéric Chevallier, Sébastien Léonard, Ernest N. Koffi, and Philippe Peylin
Biogeosciences, 20, 1089–1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1089-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1089-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of assimilating different dataset combinations on regional to global-scale C budgets is explored with the ORCHIDEE model. Assimilating simultaneously multiple datasets is preferable to optimize the values of the model parameters and avoid model overfitting. The challenges in constraining soil C disequilibrium using atmospheric CO2 data are highlighted for an accurate prediction of the land sink distribution.
Matti Kämäräinen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, and Anna Lintunen
Biogeosciences, 20, 897–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we introduce a new method for modeling the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and a study site located in a boreal forest in southern Finland. Our method yields more accurate results than previous approaches in this context. Accurately estimating carbon exchange is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the role of forests in regulating atmospheric carbon and addressing climate change.
Stéphanie Barrillon, Robin Fuchs, Anne A. Petrenko, Caroline Comby, Anthony Bosse, Christophe Yohia, Jean-Luc Fuda, Nagib Bhairy, Frédéric Cyr, Andrea M. Doglioli, Gérald Grégori, Roxane Tzortzis, Francesco d'Ovidio, and Melilotus Thyssen
Biogeosciences, 20, 141–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme weather events can have a major impact on ocean physics and biogeochemistry, but their study is challenging. In May 2019, an intense storm occurred in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, during which in situ multi-platform measurements were performed. The results show a strong impact on the surface phytoplankton, highlighting the need for high-resolution measurements coupling physics and biology during these violent events that may become more common in the context of global change.
Darren C. McKee, Scott C. Doney, Alice Della Penna, Emmanuel S. Boss, Peter Gaube, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and David M. Glover
Biogeosciences, 19, 5927–5952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As phytoplankton (small, drifting photosynthetic organisms) drift with ocean currents, biomass accumulation rates should be evaluated in a Lagrangian (observer moves with a fluid parcel) as opposed to an Eulerian (observer is stationary) framework. Here, we use profiling floats and surface drifters combined with satellite data to analyse time and length scales of chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for biomass) and of velocity to quantify how phytoplankton variability is related to water motion.
Karo Michaelian and Aleksandar Simeonov
Biogeosciences, 19, 4029–4034, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We reply to Lars Björn's critique of our article concerning the importance of photon dissipation to the origin and evolution of the biosphere. Björn doubts our assertion that organic pigments, ecosystems, and the biosphere arose out of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic imperative to increase global photon dissipation. He shows that the albedo of some non-living material is less than that of living material. We point out, however, that photon dissipation involves other factors besides albedo.
Reint Fischer, Delphine Lobelle, Merel Kooi, Albert Koelmans, Victor Onink, Charlotte Laufkötter, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Andrew Yool, and Erik van Sebille
Biogeosciences, 19, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Since current estimates show that only about 1 % of the all plastic that enters the ocean is floating at the surface, we look at subsurface processes that can cause vertical movement of (micro)plastic. We investigate how modelled algal attachment and the ocean's vertical movement can cause particles to sink and oscillate in the open ocean. Particles can sink to depths of > 5000 m in regions with high wind intensity and mainly remain close to the surface with low winds and biological activity.
Michelle Viswanathan, Tobias K. D. Weber, Sebastian Gayler, Juliane Mai, and Thilo Streck
Biogeosciences, 19, 2187–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the evolution of model parameter uncertainty and prediction error as we updated parameters of a maize phenology model based on yearly observations, by sequentially applying Bayesian calibration. Although parameter uncertainty was reduced, prediction quality deteriorated when calibration and prediction data were from different maize ripening groups or temperature conditions. The study highlights that Bayesian methods should account for model limitations and inherent data structures.
Jessica Kolbusz, Tim Langlois, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and Simon de Lestang
Biogeosciences, 19, 517–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-517-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-517-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Western rock lobster larvae spend up to 11 months in offshore waters before ocean currents and their ability to swim transport them back to the coast. In 2008, there was a reduction in the number of puerulus (larvae) settling into the fishery. We use an oceanographic model to see how the environment may have contributed to the reduction. Our results show that a combination of effects from local currents and a widespread quiet period in the ocean off WA likely led to less puerulus settlement.
Rémy Asselot, Frank Lunkeit, Philip B. Holden, and Inga Hense
Biogeosciences, 19, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies show that phytoplankton light absorption can warm the atmosphere, but how this warming occurs is still unknown. We compare the importance of air–sea heat versus CO2 flux in the phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming and determine the main driver. To shed light on this research question, we conduct simulations with a climate model of intermediate complexity. We show that phytoplankton mainly warms the atmosphere by increasing the air–sea CO2 flux.
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Lloyd Izard, Melilotus Thyssen, Ananda Pascual, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Nagib Bhairy, Pierre Garreau, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 18, 6455–6477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyzes an original high-resolution data set collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The major result is the impact of a fine-scale frontal structure on the distribution of phytoplankton groups, in an area of moderate energy with oligotrophic conditions. Our results provide an in situ confirmation of the findings obtained by previous modeling studies and remote sensing about the structuring effect of the fine-scale ocean dynamics on the structure of the phytoplankton community.
Johannes Vogel, Eva Paton, and Valentin Aich
Biogeosciences, 18, 5903–5927, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates extreme ecosystem impacts evoked by temperature and soil moisture in the Mediterranean Basin for the time span 1999–2019 with a specific focus on seasonal variations. The analysis showed that ecosystem vulnerability is caused by several varying combinations of both drivers during the yearly cycle. The approach presented here helps to provide insights on the specific phenological stage of the year in which ecosystem vulnerability to a certain climatic condition occurs.
Mara Freilich, Alexandre Mignot, Glenn Flierl, and Raffaele Ferrari
Biogeosciences, 18, 5595–5607, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations reveal that in some regions phytoplankton biomass increases during the wintertime when growth conditions are sub-optimal, which has been attributed to a release from grazing during mixed layer deepening. Measurements of grazer populations to support this theory are lacking. We demonstrate that a release from grazing when the winter mixed layer is deepening holds only for certain grazing models, extending the use of phytoplankton observations to make inferences about grazer dynamics.
Shuangling Chen, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subduction transports surface waters to the oceanic interior, which can supply significant amounts of carbon and oxygen to the twilight zone. Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific, we successfully identified the imprints of episodic shallow subduction patches. These subduction patches were observed mainly in spring and summer (70.6 %), and roughly half of them extended below ~ 450 m, injecting carbon- and oxygen-enriched waters into the ocean interior.
Pierre Damien, Julio Sheinbaum, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Julien Jouanno, Lorena Linacre, and Olaf Duteil
Biogeosciences, 18, 4281–4303, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Gulf of Mexico deep waters are relatively poor in phytoplankton biomass due to low levels of nutrients in the upper layers. Using modeling techniques, we find that the long-living anticyclonic Loop Current eddies that are shed episodically from the Yucatan Channel strongly shape the distribution of phytoplankton and, more importantly, stimulate their growth. This results from the contribution of multiple mechanisms of physical–biogeochemical interactions discussed in this study.
Sergey V. Stanichny, Elena A. Kubryakova, and Arseny A. Kubryakov
Biogeosciences, 18, 3173–3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we show that the short-term impact of tropical cyclones can trigger the intense, long-term bloom of coccolithophores, which are major marine calcifiers playing an important role in the balance and fluxes of inorganic carbon in the ocean. In our paper, we describe the evolution of and physical reasons for such an unusual bloom observed in autumn 2005 in the Black Sea on the basis of satellite data.
Fengshan Liu, Ying Chen, Nini Bai, Dengpan Xiao, Huizi Bai, Fulu Tao, and Quansheng Ge
Biogeosciences, 18, 2275–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The sowing date is key to the surface biophysical processes in the winter dormancy period. The climate effect of the sowing date shift is therefore very interesting and may contribute to the mitigation of climate change. An earlier sowing date always had a higher LAI but a higher temperature in the dormancy period and a lower temperature in the growth period. The main reason was the relative contributions of the surface albedo and energy partitioning processes.
Peter Aartsma, Johan Asplund, Arvid Odland, Stefanie Reinhardt, and Hans Renssen
Biogeosciences, 18, 1577–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the literature, it is generally assumed that alpine lichen heaths keep their direct environment cool due to their relatively high albedo. However, we reveal that the soil temperature and soil heat flux are higher below lichens than below shrubs during the growing season, despite a lower net radiation for lichens. We also show that the differences in microclimatic conditions between these two vegetation types are more pronounced during warm and sunny days than during cold and cloudy days.
Oleg Sizov, Ekaterina Ezhova, Petr Tsymbarovich, Andrey Soromotin, Nikolay Prihod'ko, Tuukka Petäjä, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Markku Kulmala, Jaana Bäck, and Kajar Köster
Biogeosciences, 18, 207–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-207-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In changing climate, tundra is expected to turn into shrubs and trees, diminishing reindeer pasture and increasing risks of tick-borne diseases. However, this transition may require a disturbance. Fires in Siberia are increasingly widespread. We studied wildfire dynamics and tundra–forest transition over 60 years in northwest Siberia near the Arctic Circle. Based on satellite data analysis, we found that transition occurs in 40 %–85 % of burned tundra compared to 5 %–15 % in non-disturbed areas.
Kaveh Purkiani, André Paul, Annemiek Vink, Maren Walter, Michael Schulz, and Matthias Haeckel
Biogeosciences, 17, 6527–6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a steady increase in interest in mining of deep-sea minerals in the eastern Pacific Ocean recently. The ocean state in this region is known to be highly influenced by rotating bodies of water (eddies), some of which can travel long distances in the ocean and impact the deeper layers of the ocean. Better insight into the variability of eddy activity in this region is of great help to mitigate the impact of the benthic ecosystem from future potential deep-sea mining activity.
Jing Yan, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Teamrat A. Ghezzehei
Biogeosciences, 17, 6377–6392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An uneven supply of water and nutrients in soils often drives how plants behave. We observed that plants extract all their required nutrients from dry soil patches in sufficient quantity, provided adequate water is available elsewhere in the root zone. Roots in nutrient-rich dry patches facilitate the nutrient acquisition by extensive growth, water release, and modifying water retention in their immediate environment. The findings are valuable in managing nutrient losses in agricultural systems.
Onur Kerimoglu, Yoana G. Voynova, Fatemeh Chegini, Holger Brix, Ulrich Callies, Richard Hofmeister, Knut Klingbeil, Corinna Schrum, and Justus E. E. van Beusekom
Biogeosciences, 17, 5097–5127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, using extensive field observations and a numerical model, we analyzed the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system following an extreme flood event. Our results suggest that a number of anomalous observations were driven by a co-occurrence of peculiar meteorological conditions and increased riverine discharges. Our results call for attention to the combined effects of hydrological and meteorological extremes that are anticipated to increase in frequency.
Amandine Erktan, Matthias C. Rillig, Andrea Carminati, Alexandre Jousset, and Stefan Scheu
Biogeosciences, 17, 4961–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil aggregation is crucial for soil functioning. While the role of bacteria and fungi in soil aggregation is well established, how predators feeding on microbes modify soil aggregation has hardly been investigated. We showed for the first time that protists modify soil aggregation, presumably through changes in the production of bacterial mucilage, and that collembolans reduce soil aggregation, presumably by reducing the abundance of saprotrophic fungi.
Wei Hu, Kotaro Murata, Chunlan Fan, Shu Huang, Hiromi Matsusaki, Pingqing Fu, and Daizhou Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4477–4487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first estimate of the status of bacteria in long-distance-transported Asian dust, demonstrating that airborne dust, which can carry viable and nonviable bacteria on particle surfaces, is an efficient medium for constantly spreading bacteria at regional and even global scales. Such data are essential to better model and understand the roles and activities of bioaerosols in environmental evolution and climate change and the potential risks of bioaerosols to human health.
Inge Grünberg, Evan J. Wilcox, Simon Zwieback, Philip Marsh, and Julia Boike
Biogeosciences, 17, 4261–4279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on topsoil temperature data for different vegetation types at a low Arctic tundra site, we found large small-scale variability. Winter temperatures were strongly influenced by vegetation through its effects on snow. Summer temperatures were similar below most vegetation types and not consistently related to late summer permafrost thaw depth. Given that vegetation type defines the relationship between winter and summer soil temperature and thaw depth, it controls permafrost vulnerability.
Long Jiang, Theo Gerkema, Jacco C. Kromkamp, Daphne van der Wal, Pedro Manuel Carrasco De La Cruz, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 4135–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A seaward increasing chlorophyll-a gradient is observed during the spring bloom in a Dutch tidal bay. Biophysical model runs indicate the roles of bivalve grazing and tidal import in shaping the gradient. Five common spatial phytoplankton patterns are summarized in global estuarine–coastal ecosystems: seaward increasing, seaward decreasing, concave with a chlorophyll maximum, weak spatial gradients, and irregular patterns.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Tom Ysebaert, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange (bioirrigation), we show that organisms in subtidal (permanently submerged) areas have similar bioirrigation rates as those that inhabit intertidal areas (not permanently submerged), but organisms in the latter irrigate deeper burrows in this study. Our results expand on traditional methods to quantify bioirrigation rates and broaden the pool of field measurements of bioirrigation rates.
Sheila N. Estrada-Allis, Julio Sheinbaum Pardo, Joao M. Azevedo Correia de Souza, Cecilia Elizabeth Enríquez Ortiz, Ismael Mariño Tapia, and Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira
Biogeosciences, 17, 1087–1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1087-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Continental shelves are the most productive areas in the ocean and can have an important impact on the nutrient cycle as well as the climate system. The one in Yucatán is the largest shelf in the Gulf of Mexico. However, its nutrient budget remains unidentifiable. Here we propose not only a general nutrient budget for the Yucatán Shelf but also the physical processes responsible for its pathway modulation through a physical–biogeochemical coupled model of the whole Gulf of Mexico.
Ashley Dubnick, Martin Sharp, Brad Danielson, Alireza Saidi-Mehrabad, and Joel Barker
Biogeosciences, 17, 963–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-963-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-963-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that glaciers with basal temperatures near the melting point mobilize more solutes, nutrients, and microbes from the underlying substrate and are more likely to promote in situ biogeochemical activity than glaciers with basal temperatures well below the melting point. The temperature at the base of glaciers is therefore an important control on the biogeochemistry of ice near glacier beds, and, ultimately, the potential solutes, nutrients, and microbes exported from glaciated watersheds.
Audrey Delpech, Anna Conchon, Olivier Titaud, and Patrick Lehodey
Biogeosciences, 17, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-833-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-833-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Micronekton is an important, yet poorly known, component of the trophic chain, which partly contributes to the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean thanks to biomass vertical migrations. In this study, we characterize the ideal sampling regions to estimate the amount of biomass that undergoes theses migrations. We find that observations made in warm, nondynamic and productive waters reduce the error of the estimation by 20 %. This result should likely serve for future in situ network deployment.
Filippos Tagklis, Takamitsu Ito, and Annalisa Bracco
Biogeosciences, 17, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-231-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-231-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Deoxygenation of the oceans is potentially one of the most severe ecosystem stressors resulting from global warming given the high sensitivity of dissolved oxygen to ocean temperatures. Climate models suggest that despite the thermodynamic tendency of the oceans to lose oxygen, certain regions experience significant changes in the biologically driven O2 consumption, resulting in a resistance against deoxygenation. Overturning circulation changes are responsible for such a behavior.
Mohammad Abdul Halim, Han Y. H. Chen, and Sean C. Thomas
Biogeosciences, 16, 4357–4375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4357-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4357-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using field data collected over 4 years across a range of stand ages, we investigated how seasonal surface albedo in boreal forest varies with stand age, stand structure, and composition. Our results indicate that successional change in species composition is a key driver of age–related patterns in albedo, with hardwood species associated with higher albedo. The patterns described have important implications for both climate modeling and
climate–smartboreal forest management.
Paul A. Moore, Maxwell C. Lukenbach, Dan K. Thompson, Nick Kettridge, Gustaf Granath, and James M. Waddington
Biogeosciences, 16, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using very-high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), we assessed the basic structure and microtopographic variability of hummock–hollow plots at boreal and hemi-boreal sites primarily in North America. Using a simple model of peatland biogeochemical function, our results suggest that both surface heating and moss productivity may not be adequately resolved in models which only consider idealized hummock–hollow units.
Renee K. Gruber, Ryan J. Lowe, and James L. Falter
Biogeosciences, 16, 1921–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1921-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1921-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Researchers from the University of Western Australia's Oceans Institute are studying large tides (up to 12 m range) that occur in the Kimberley region of Australia. These tides flush coral reefs with water rich in nutrients, which supports the growth of reef organisms. In this paper, we show how tidal cycles and seasons control nutrient availability on reefs. This study is among the first published accounts of reefs and water quality data in the remote and pristine Kimberley region.
Sergey A. Marakushev and Ol'ga V. Belonogova
Biogeosciences, 16, 1817–1828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1817-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1817-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Among the existing theories of the autotrophic origin of life, CO2 is usually considered to be the carbon source for nascent autotrophic metabolism. However, ancestral carbon used in metabolism may have been derived from CH4 if the outflow of magma fluid to the surface of the Earth consisted mainly of methane. The hydrothermal system model is considered in the form of a phase diagram, which demonstrates the area of redox and P and T conditions favorable to development of primary methanotroph.
Soeren Thomsen, Johannes Karstensen, Rainer Kiko, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 979–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Physical and biogeochemical observations from an autonomous underwater vehicle in combination with ship-based measurements are used to investigate remote and local drivers of the oxygen and nutrient variability off Mauritania. Beside the transport of oxygen and nutrients characteristics from remote areas towards Mauritania also local remineralization of organic material close to the seabed seems to be important for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Yannis Cuypers, Andrea Doglioli, Mathieu Caffin, Christophe Yohia, Alain de Verneil, Anne Petrenko, Dominique Lefèvre, Hervé Le Goff, Gilles Rougier, Marc Picheral, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 7485–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7485-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7485-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The OUTPACE cruise took place between New Caledonia and French Polynesia. The main purpose was to understand how micro-organisms can survive in a very poor environment. One main source of nutrients is at depth, below the euphotic layer where micro-organisms live. The purpose of the turbulence measurements was to determine to which extent turbulence may
upliftnutrients into the euphotic layer. The origin of the turbulence that was found contrasted along the transect was also determined.
Daniel D. Richter, Sharon A. Billings, Peter M. Groffman, Eugene F. Kelly, Kathleen A. Lohse, William H. McDowell, Timothy S. White, Suzanne Anderson, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Steve Banwart, Susan Brantley, Jean J. Braun, Zachary S. Brecheisen, Charles W. Cook, Hilairy E. Hartnett, Sarah E. Hobbie, Jerome Gaillardet, Esteban Jobbagy, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Clare E. Kazanski, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Daniel Markewitz, Katherine O'Neill, Clifford S. Riebe, Paul Schroeder, Christina Siebe, Whendee L. Silver, Aaron Thompson, Anne Verhoef, and Ganlin Zhang
Biogeosciences, 15, 4815–4832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
As knowledge in biology and geology explodes, science becomes increasingly specialized. Given the overlap of the environmental sciences, however, the explosion in knowledge inevitably creates opportunities for interconnecting the biogeosciences. Here, 30 scientists emphasize the opportunities for biogeoscience collaborations across the world’s remarkable long-term environmental research networks that can advance science and engage larger scientific and public audiences.
Ivy Frenger, Matthias Münnich, and Nicolas Gruber
Biogeosciences, 15, 4781–4798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4781-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4781-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Although mesoscale ocean eddies are ubiquitous in the Southern Ocean (SO), their regional and seasonal association with phytoplankton has not been quantified. We identify over 100 000 eddies and determine the associated phytoplankton biomass anomalies using satellite-based chlorophyll (Chl) as a proxy. The emerging Chl anomalies can be explained largely by lateral advection of Chl by eddies. This impact of eddies on phytoplankton may implicate downstream effects on SO biogeochemical properties.
Cited articles
Anderson, G. C.: Subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the northeast Pacific
Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 386–391, 1969. a
Arrigo, K. R., Robinson, D. H., Worthen, D. L., Dunbar, R. B., DiTullio, G. R.,
VanWoert, M., and Lizotte, M. P.: Phytoplankton Community Structure and the
Drawdown of Nutrients and CO2 in the Southern Ocean, Science, 283, 365–367,
1999. a
Banse, K.: Should we continue to use the 1 % light depth for estimating the compensation depth of phytoplankton for another
70 years?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 13, 49–52, https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.200413349, 2004. a
Behara, A. and Vinayachandran, P. N.: An OGCM study of the impact of Rain and
River Water Forcing on the Bay of Bengal, J. Geophys. Res.,
121, 2425–2446, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011325, 2016. a, b
Behrenfeld, M. J. and Boss, E. S.: Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in
the context ofphytoplankton annual cycles, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 55–77,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13858, 2017. a, b
Blondeau-Patissier, D., Gower, J. F., Dekker, A. G., Phinn, S. R., and Brando,
V. E.: A review of ocean color remote sensing methods and statistical
techniques for the detection, mapping and analysis of phytoplankton blooms in
coastal and open oceans, Prog. Oceanogr., 123, 123–144, 2014. a
Boss, E. and Behrenfeld, M.: In situ evaluation of the initiation of the North
Atlantic phytoplankton bloom, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37,
L18603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044174, 2010. a
Bretherton, F. P., Davis, R. E., and Fandry, C. B.: A technique for objective
analysis and design of oceanographic experiments applied to MODE-73,
Deep-Sea Res., 23, 559–582,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(76)90001-2, 1976. a
Burns, J., Subrahmanyam, M. B., and Murty, V. S. N.: On the dynamics of the
Sri Lanka Dome in the Bay of Bengal, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 7737–7750, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012986, 2017. a
Chao, Y., Li, Z., Farrara, J. D., and Huang, P.: Blended sea surface
temperatures from multiple satellites and in-situ observations for coastal
oceans, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1435–1446,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHO592.1, 2009. a
Chassignet, E. P. and Garraffo, Z. D.: Viscosity parameterization and the Gulf
Stream separation, in: From Stirring to Mixing in a Stratified Ocean:
Proceedings 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop, University of Hawai'i at
Mānoa, 16–19 January 2001, edited by: Muller, P. and Henderson, D., 37–41, Univ. of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 2001. a
Chisholm, S. W.: Stirring times in the Southern Ocean, Nature, 407, 685–587,
2000. a
Cullen, J. J.: The deep chlorophyll maximum: Comparing vertical profiles of
chlorophyll a, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci, 39, 791–803, 1982. a
Dunne, J. P., Armstrong, R. A., Gnanadesikan, A., and Sarmiento, J. L.:
Empirical and mechanistic models for the particle export ratio, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB4026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002390, 2005. a, b
Sarmiento, J. L., Slater, R. D., Dunne, J., Gnanadesikan, A., and Hiscock, M. R.: Efficiency of small scale carbon
mitigation by patch iron fertilization, Biogeosciences, 7, 3593–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3593-2010, 2010. a, b, c
Eppley, R. W.: Temperature and Phytoplankton growth in the sea, Fish. B.-NOAA, 70, 1063–1085, 1972. a
Eriksen, C. C., Osse, T. J., Light, R. D., Wen, T., Lehman, T. W., Sabin,
P. L., Ballard, J. W., and Chiodi, A. M.: Seaglider: A Long-Range Autonomou
s Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Research, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 26, 424–436, 2001. a
Figa-Saldanña, J., Wilson, J. J. W., Attema, E., Gelsthorpe, R., Drinkwater,
M. R., and Stoffelen, A.: The advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) on the
meteorological operational (MetOp) platform: A follow on for European wind
scatterometers, Can. J. Remote Sens., 28, 404–412, 2002. a
Fore, A., Yueh, S. H., Tang, W., Stiles, B., and Hayashi, A.: Combined
Active/Passive Retrievals of Ocean Vector Wind and Sea Surface Salinity With
SMAP, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 54, 7396–7404,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2601486, 2016. a
Gadgil, S., Joseph, P. V., and Joshi, N. V.: Ocean atmosphere coupling over
monsoon regions, Nature, 312, 141–143, https://doi.org/10.1038/312141a0, 1984. a, b
Geider, R. J.: Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll a
ratio in microalgae and cyanobacteria: implications for physiology and growth
of phytoplankton, New Phytol., 106, 1–34, 1987. a
Geider, R. J., Maclntyre, H. L., and Kana, T. M.: A dynamic regulatory model
of phytoplanktonic acclimation to light, nutrients, and temperature,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 679–694, 1998. a
Gnanadesikan, A., Dunne, J. P., and John, J.: What ocean biogeochemical models
can tell us about bottom-up control of ecosystem variability, ICES Mar. Sci., 68, 1030–1044, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr068, 2011. a
Gnanadesikan, A., Dunne, J. P., and Msadek, R.: Connecting Atlantic
temperature variability and biological cycling in two earth system models,
J. Marine Syst., 133, 39–54,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.10.003, 2014. a
Gregg, W. W. and Casey, N. W.: Global and regional evaluation of the SeaWiFS
chlorophyll data set, Remote Sens. Environ., 93, 463–479, 2004. a
Griffies, S. M., Harrison, M. J., Pacanowski, R. C., and Rosati, A.: A
technical guide to MOM4, Tech. Rep. 5, Geophys. Fluid Dyn. Lab. Ocean
Group, Princeton, N. J., 2004. a
Huffman, G., Adler, R., Bolvin, D., Gu, G., Nelkin, E., Bowman, K., Hong, Y.,
Stocker, E., and Wolff, D.: The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis:
Quasi-Global, Multi-Year, Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine
Scale, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38–55, 2007. a
Jensen, T. G.: Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal exchange of salt and tracers in
an ocean model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3967–3970, 2001. a
Jyothibabu, R., Vinayachandran, P. N., Madhu, N., Robin, R., Karnan, C.,
Jagadeesan, L., and Anjusha, A.: Phytoplankton size structure in the
southern Bay of Bengal modified by the Summer Monsoon Current and associated
eddies: Implications on the vertical biogenic flux, J. Marine Syst., 143, 98–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.10.018,
2015. a, b, c
Jyothibabu, R., Arunpandi, N., Jagadeesan, L., Karnan, C., Lallu, K. R., and
Vinayachandran, P. N.: Response of phytoplankton to heavy cloud cover and
turbidity in the northern Bay of Bengal, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 11282, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29586-1, 2018. a
Kone, V., Aumont, O., Levy, M., and Resplandy, L.: Physical and Biogeochemical
Controls of the Phytoplankton Seasonal Cycle in the Indian Ocean: A Modeling
Study, Geoph. Monog. Series, 185, 147–166,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000700, 2009. a
Kumar, S. P., Muraleedharan, P. M., Prasad, T. G., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N.,
de Souza, S. N., Sardesai, S., and Madhupratap, M.: Why is the Bay of Bengal
less productive during summer monsoon compared to the Arabian Sea?, Geophys.
Res. Lett, 29, 2235, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016013, 2002. a, b, c, d
Kumar, S. P., Nuncio, M., Narvekar, J., Kumar, A., Sardesai, S., de Souza,
S. N., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N., and Madhupratap, M.: Are eddies nature's
trigger to enhance biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal?, Geophys.
Res. Lett, 31, L07309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019274, 2004. a, b, c, d, e
Kumar, S. P., Narvekar, J., Nuncio, M., Gauns, M., and Sardesai, S.: What
drives the biological productivity of the northern Indian Ocean?, Geoph. Monog. Series, 185, 33–56, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000757, 2009. a, b, c, d
Kumar, S. P., Narvekar, J., Nuncio, M., Kumar, A., Ramaiah, N., Sardesai, S.,
Gauns, M., Fernandes, V., and Paul, J.: Is the biological productivity in
the Bay of Bengal light limited?, Curr. Sci., 98, 1331–1339, 2010. a
Kurian, J. and Vinayachandran, P. N.: Formation mechanisms of temperature
inversions in the southeastern Arabian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L17611, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027280, 2006. a
Kurian, J. and Vinayachandran, P. N.: Mechanisms of formation of the Arabian
Sea mini warm pool in a high resolution OGCM, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
C05009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003631, 2007. a, b
Large, W. G. and Yeager, S. G.: Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean
and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies, Tech. rep.
NCAR/TN-460+STR, Natl., Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo, 2004. a
Large, W. G., McWilliams, J. C., and Doney, S. C.: Oceanic vertical mixing: A
review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev.
Geophys., 32, 363–403, 1994. a
Laws, E. A.: Evaluation of In Situ Phytoplankton Growth Rates: A Synthesis of
Data from Varied Approaches, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 247–268,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172258, 2013. a, b
Lee, C. M., Jinadasa, S., Anutaliya, A., Centurioni, L. R., Fernando, H. J.,
Hormann, V., Lankhorst, M., Rainville, L., Send, U., and Wijesekera, H. W.:
Collaborative Observations of Boundary Currents, Water Mass Variability, and
Monsoon Response in the Southern Bay of Bengal, Oceanography, 29,
102–111, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.43, 2016. a
Letelier, R. M., Karl, D. M., Abbott, M. R., and Bidigare, R. R.: Light driven
seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of
the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49,
508–519, 2004. a
Li, G., Lin, Q., Ni, G., Shen, P., Fan, Y., Huang, L., and Tan, Y.: Vertical
Patterns of Early Summer Chlorophyll a Concentration in the Indian Ocean with
Special Reference to the Variation of Deep Chlorophyll Maximum, Journal of Marine Biology, 2012
801248, https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/801248, 2012. a, b
Li, Q. P., Franks, P. J. S., Landry, M. R., Goericke, R., and Taylor, A. G.:
Modeling phytoplankton growth rates and chlorophyll to carbon ratios in
California coastal and pelagic ecosystems, J. Geophys. Res.,
115, G04003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001111, 2010. a
Madhu, N., Jyothibabu, R., Maheswaran, P., Gerson, V. J., Gopalakrishnan, T.,
and Nair, K.: Lack of seasonality in phytoplankton standing stock
(chlorophyll a) and production in the western Bay of Bengal, Cont.
Shelf Res., 26, 1868–1883, 2006. a
Madhu, N. V., Maheswaran, P. A., Jyothibabu, R., Revichandran, C.,
Balasubramanian, T., Gopalakrishnan, T. C., and Nair, K. K. C.: Enhanced
biological production off Chennai triggered by October 1999 super cyclone
(Orissa), Curr. Sci., 82, 1472–1479, 2002. a
Madhupratap, M., PrasannaKumar, S., Bhattathiri, P. M. A., DileepKumar, M.,
Raghukumar, S., Nair, K. K. C., and Ramaiah, N.: Mechanism of the biological
response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea, Nature, 384,
549–552, 1996. a
Madhupratap, M., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N., Kumar, S. P., Muraleedharan, P.,
de Sousa, S., Sardessai, S., and Muraleedharan, U.: Biogeochemistry of the
Bay of Bengal: physical, chemical and primary productivity characteristics of
the central and western Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon 2001, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. II, 50, 881–896, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00611-2, 2003. a, b, c
Manizza, M., Quere, C. L., Watson, A. J., and Buitenhuis, E. T.: Bio-optical
feedbacks among phytoplankton, upper ocean physics and sea-ice in a global
model, Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, L05603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020778, 2005. a, b, c
Mateus, M., Leitao, P., de Pablo, H., and Neves, R.: Is it relevant to
explicitly parameterize chlorophyll synthesis in marine ecological models?,
J. Marine Syst., 94, S23–S33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.007,
2012. a
Matthews, A. J., Baranowski, D. B., Heywood, K. J., Flatau, P. J., and
Schmidtko, S.: The Surface Diurnal Warm Layer in the Indian Ocean during
CINDY/DYNAMO, J. Climate, 27, 9101–9122, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00222.1,
2014. a
McCreary, J. P., Kohler, K. E., Hood, R. R., and Olson, D. B.: A
four-component ecosystem model of biological activity in the Arabian Sea,
Prog. Oceanogr., 37, 193–240, 1996. a
McCreary, J. P., Murtugudde, R., Vialard, J., Vinayachandran, P. N., Wiggert,
J. D., Hood, R. R., Shankar, D., and Shetye, S.: Biophysical Processes in
the Indian Ocean, 9–32, American Geophysical Union,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000768,
2009. a
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd,
P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., Jickells,
T. D., Roche, J. L., Lenton, T. M., Mahowald, N. M., Marañón, E., Marinov,
I., Moore, J. K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M. A., Thingstad,
T. F., Tsuda, A., and Ulloa, O.: Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient
limitation, Nat. Geosci., 6, 701–710, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1765, 2013. a
Morel, A.: Optical modeling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous
matter content (case I waters), J. Geophys. Res., 93,
10749–10768, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC09p10749, 1988. a
Murtugudde, R., Beauchamp, J., McClain, C. R., Lewis, M., and Busalacchi,
A. J.: Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean
Circulation, J. Climate, 15, 470–486, 2002. a
Murty, V., Sarma, M., and Tilvi, V.: Seasonal cyclogenesis and the role of
near-surface stratified layer in the Bay of Bengal, paper presented at the
Fifth Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference, PORSEC, Goa, India, 2000. a
Murty, V. S. N., Sarma, Y. V. B., Rao, D. P., and Murty, C. S.: Water
characteristics, mixing and circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest
monsoon, J. Mar. Res., 50, 207–228, 1992. a
Nuncio, M. and Prasanna Kumar, S.: Evolution of cyclonic eddies and biogenic fluxes in the northern Bay of Bengal,
Biogeosciences Discuss., 10, 16213–16236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-16213-2013, 2013. a
Park, J.-Y. and Kug, J.-S.: Marine biological feedback associated with Indian
Ocean Dipole in a coupled ocean/biogeochemical model, Clim. Dynam., 42,
329–343, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1640-5, 2014. a
Park, J.-Y., Kug, J.-S., and Park, Y.-G.: An exploratory modeling study on
bio-physical processes associated with ENSO, Prog. Oceanogr., 124,
28–41, 2014. a
Pastor, M. V., Palter, J. B., Pelegri, J. L., and Dunne, J. P.: Physical
drivers of interannual chlorophyll variability in the eastern subtropical
North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20254, 2013. a
Perry, M. J., Sackmann, B. S., Eriksen, C. C., and Lee, C. M.: Seaglider
observations of blooms and subsurface chlorophyll maxima off the Washington
coast, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 2169–2179, 2008. a
Rao, K. H., Smitha, A., and Ali, M. M.: A study on cyclone induced
productivity in south-western Bay of Bengal during November-December 2000
using MODIS (SST and chlorophyll-a) and altimeter sea surface height
observations, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 35, 153–160, 2006. a
Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Gelaro, R., Todling, R., Bacmeister, J., Liu, E., Bosilovich, M. G. , Schubert, S. D., Takacs, L., Kim, G.-K.,
Bloom, S., Chen, J., Collins, D., Conaty, A., da Silva, A., Gu, W., Joiner, J., Koster, R. D., Lucchesi, R., Molod, A., Owens, T., Pawson S.,
Pegion, P., Redder, C. R., Reichle, R., Robertson, F. R., Ruddick, A. G., Sienkiewicz, M., and Woollen, J.: MERRA – NASA's
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, J. Climate,
24, 3624–3648, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1, 2011. a
Sarma, V. V. S. S.: The influence of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on
biogeochemistry of carbon in the Arabian Sea during 1997–1998, J. Earth
Syst. Sci., 115, 433–450, 2006. a
Sarmiento, J. L., Slater, R. D., Dunne, J., Gnanadesikan, A., and Hiscock, M. R.: Efficiency of small scale carbon
mitigation by patch iron fertilization, Biogeosciences, 7, 3593–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3593-2010, 2010. a
Sathyendranath, S., Gouveia, A., Shetye, S., Ravindran, P., and Platt, T.:
Biological control of surface temperature in the Arabian Sea, Nature, 349,
54–56, 1991. a
Schott, F., Reppin, J., Fischer, J., and Quadfasel, D.: Currents and
transports of the Monsoon Current south of Sri Lanka, J.
Geophys. Res., 99, 25127–25141,
https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC02216, 1994. a
Sedigh Marvasti, S., Gnanadesikan, A., Bidokhti, A. A., Dunne, J. P., and Ghader, S.: Challenges in
modeling spatiotemporally varying phytoplankton blooms in the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman, Biogeosciences,
13, 1049–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1049-2016, 2016. a
Shenoi, S. S. C., Shankar, D., and Shetye, S. R.: Differences in heat budgets
of the near-surface Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal: Implications for the
summer monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3052, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000679, 2002. a
Shetye, S., Shenoi, S., Gouveia, A., Michael, G., Sundar, D., and Nampoothiri,
G.: Wind-driven coastal upwelling along the western boundary of the Bay of
Bengal during the southwest monsoon, Cont. Shelf Res., 11,
1397–1408, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(91)90042-5, 1991. a, b
Signorini, S. R., Murtugudde, R. G., McClain, C. R., Christian, J. R.,
Picaut, J., and Busalacchi, A. J.: Biological and phys ical signatures in
the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 104,
18367–18382, 1999. a
Signorini, S. R., Franz, B. A., and McClain, C. R.: Chlorophyll Variability in
the Oligotrophic Gyres: Mechanisms, Seasonality and Trends, Front.
Mar. Sci., 2, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00001, 2015. a
Strutton, P. and Chavez, F.: Biological Heating in the Equatorial Pacific:
Observed Variability and Potential for Real-Time Calculation, J.
Climate, 17, 1097–1109, 2004. a
Sweeney, C., Gnanadesikan, A., Griffies, S. M., Harrison, M. J., Rosati, A. J.,
and Samuels, B. L.: Impacts of shortwave penetration depth on large-scale
ocean circulation and heat transport, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 1103–1119,
2005. a
Thomalla, S. J., Moutier, W., Ryan-Keogh, T. J., Gregor, L., and Schutt, J.:
An optimized method for correcting fluorescence quenching using optical
backscattering on autonomous platforms, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Methods, 16,
132–144, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10234, 2018. a
Vijith, V., Vinayachandran, P. N., Thushara, V., Amol, P., Shankar, D., and
Anil, A. C.: Consequences of inhibition of mixed-layer deepening by the West
India Coastal Current for winter phytoplankton bloom in the northeastern
Arabian Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 6583–6603,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012004, 2016. a
Vinayachandran, P. N. and Kurian, J.: Hydrographic observations and model
simulation of the Bay of Bengal freshwater plume, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 54,
471–486, 2007. a
Vinayachandran, P. N., Masumoto, Y., Mikawa, T., and Yamagata, T.: Intrusion
of Southwest Monsoon current into Bay of Bengal, Geophys. Res. Lett, 104,
11077–11085, 1999. a
Vinayachandran, P. N., Murthy, V. S. N., and Babu, V. R.: Observations of
barrier layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon, J.
Geophys. Res., 107, 8018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC000831, 2002. a
Vinayachandran, P. N., McCreary, J. P., Hood, R. R., and Kohler, K. E.: A
numerical investigation of the phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Bengal
during Northeast Monsoon, J. Geophys. Res, 110,
C12001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002966, 2005. a
Vinayachandran, P. N., Shankar, D., Vernekar, S., Sandeep, K. K., Amol, P.,
Neema, C. P., and Chatterjee, A.: A summer monsoon pump to keep the Bay of
Bengal salty, Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, 1777–1782, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50274,
2013. a
Vinayachandran, P. N., Matthews, A. J., Kumar, K. V., Sanchez-Franks, A.,
Thushara, V., George, J. V., Vijith, V., Webber, B. G. M., Queste, B. Y.,
Roy, R., Sarkar, A., Baranowski, D. B., Bhat, G. S., Klingaman, N. P.,
Parida, S. C. P. C., Heywood, K. J., Hall, R., Giddings, J., King, B., Kent,
E. C., Nayak, A. A., Neema, C. P., Amol, P., Lotliker, A., Kankonkar, A.,
Gracias, D. G., Vernekar, S., D.Souza, A. C., Valluvan, G., Pargaonkar,
S. M., and Dinesh, K.: BoBBLE (Bay of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment):
Ocean-atmosphere interaction and its impact on the South Asian monsoon,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 1569–1587, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0230.1, 2018.
a, b, c, d, e, f
Vörösmarty, C. J., Fekete, B. M., and Tucker, B. A.: River Discharge
Database, Version 1.0 (RivDIS v1.0), Volumes 0 through 6. A contribution to
IHP-V Theme 1. Technical Documents in Hydrology Series, Tech. rep.,
UNESCO, Paris, 1996. a
Wang, X. J., Behrenfeld, M., Le Borgne, R., Murtugudde, R., and Boss, E.: Regulation of phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll
ratio by light, nutrients and temperature in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean: a basin-scale model, Biogeosciences, 6, 391–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-391-2009, 2009. a
Ward, B. B., Olson, R. J., and Perry, M. J.: Microbial nitrification rates in
the primary nitrite maximum off southern California, Deep-Sea Res., 29,
247–255, 1982. a
Webber, B. G. M., Matthews, A. J., Heywood, K. J., Kaiser, J., and Schmidtko,
S.: Seaglider observations of equatorial Indian Ocean Rossby waves
associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 199,
3714–3731, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009657, 2014. a
Webber, B. G. M., Matthews, A. J., Vinayachandran, P. N., Neema, C. P.,
Sanchez-Franks, A., Vijith, V., Amol, P., and Baranowski, D. B.: The
dynamics of the Southwest Monsoon current in 2016 from high-resolution in
situ observations and models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 48,
2259–2282, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0215.1, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f
Wiggert, J. D., Hood, R. R., Naqvi, S. W. A., Brink, K. H., and Smith, S. L.:
Introduction to Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological
Variability: Current Understanding and Emerging Perspectives, 1–7,
American Geophysical Union, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GM000906,
2009. a
Wijesekera, H. W., Shroyer, E., Tandon, A., Ravichandran, M., Sengupta, D.,
Jinadasa, S. U. P., Fernando, H. J., and Coauthors ASIRI: An
Ocean-Atmosphere Initiative for Bay of Bengal, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
97, 1859–1884, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00197.1, 2016a. a, b, c
Wijesekera, H. W., Teague, W. J., Wang, D. W., Jarosz, E., and Jensen, T. G.:
Low-Frequency Currents from Deep Moorings in the Southern Bay of Bengal,
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 3209–3238,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-16-0113.1, 2016b. a
Wilson, C. and Adamec, D.: A global view of bio-physical coupling from SeaWiFS
and TOPEX satellite data, 1997–2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29,
1257, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014063, 2002. a
Wilson, C. and Coles, V. J.: Global climatological relationships between
satellite biological and physical observations and upper ocean properties,
J. Geophys. Res., 110, C10001,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002724, 2005. a, b, c, d
Short summary
Chlorophyll distribution in the ocean remains to be explored in detail, despite its climatic significance. Here, we document the vertical structure of chlorophyll in the Bay of Bengal using observations and a model. The shape of chlorophyll profiles, characterized by prominent deep chlorophyll maxima, varies in dynamically different regions, controlled by the monsoonal forcings. The present study provides new insights into the vertical distribution of chlorophyll, rarely observed by satellites.
Chlorophyll distribution in the ocean remains to be explored in detail, despite its climatic...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint