Articles | Volume 17, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bioirrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary
Marine Biology Research
Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Department of
Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, P.O. Box
140, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands
Justin Tiano
Department of
Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, P.O. Box
140, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands
Marine Biology Research
Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Ulrike Braeckman
Marine Biology Research
Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Tom Ysebaert
Department of
Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, P.O. Box
140, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands
Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research,
Wageningen, the Netherlands
Karline Soetaert
Department of
Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, P.O. Box
140, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands
Marine Biology Research
Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Related authors
Marius Buydens, Emil De Borger, Lorenz Meire, Samuel Bodé, Antonio Schirone, Karline Soetaert, Ann Vanreusel, and Ulrike Braeckman
Biogeosciences, 23, 1159–1179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1159-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1159-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
As the Greenland Ice Sheet retreats, it is crucial to understand how this affects carbon burial in fjords. Comparing a fjord influenced by marine-terminating glaciers with one fed by a land-terminating glacier shows that high productivity near marine-terminating glaciers does not necessarily enhance carbon burial. Instead, the complex interplay of physical, biological, and sedimentary processes governs fjord carbon dynamics.
Sarah Paradis, Justin Tiano, Emil De Borger, Antonio Pusceddu, Clare Bradshaw, Claudia Ennas, Claudia Morys, and Marija Sciberras
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3547–3563, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
DISOM is a database that compiles data of 71 independent studies that assess the effect of demersal fisheries on sedimentological and biogeochemical properties. This database also provides crucial metadata (i.e. environmental and fishing descriptors) needed to understand the effects of demersal fisheries in a global context.
Tjitske J. Kooistra, Anna-Maartje de Boer, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Natascia Pannozzo, Stuart G. Pearson, Ad van der Spek, Henko de Stigter, Jakob Wallinga, Rob Witbaard, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 23, 2477–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2477-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2477-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
On intertidal flats, it is hard to distinguish sediment mixing by animals from reworking by waves and currents. We combined tracers to identify reworking of grains of different sizes on the short- and long term. Coarse (sand) grains were less mobile than fine (mud) grains, and partly kept their layering after deposition. The luminescence properties of sand grains can be used for sediment dating and can show sediment mixing, but this method needs to be tested more for young, intertidal sediments.
Marilaure Grégoire, Luc Vandenbulcke, Séverine Chevalier, Mathurin Choblet, Ilya Drozd, Jean-François Grailet, Evgeny Ivanov, Loïc Macé, Polina Verezemskaya, Haolin Yu, Lauranne Alaerts, Ny Riana Randresihaja, Victor Mangeleer, Guillaume Maertens de Noordhout, Arthur Capet, Catherine Meulders, Anne Mouchet, Guy Munhoven, and Karline Soetaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2137–2175, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2137-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2137-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the ocean BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas (BAMHBI). BAMHBI is a moderate complexity marine biogeochemical model that describes the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and oxygen through the marine foodweb. BAMHBI is a stand-alone biogeochemical model that can be coupled to any hydrodynamical model and is particularly appropriate for modelling low oxygen environments and the generation of sulfidic waters.
Evert de Froe, Christian Mohn, Karline Soetaert, Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Gert-Jan Reichart, Laurence H. De Clippele, Sandra R. Maier, and Dick van Oevelen
Ocean Sci., 22, 843–870, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-843-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-843-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-water corals are important reef-building animals in the deep sea and are distributed globally. Until now, scientists have been mapping and predicting where cold-water corals can be found using video transects and statistical models. This study provides the first process-based model in which corals are predicted based on ocean currents and food particle movement. The results show that resupply of food by tidal currents near the seafloor is crucial for predicting where corals can grow.
Marius Buydens, Emil De Borger, Lorenz Meire, Samuel Bodé, Antonio Schirone, Karline Soetaert, Ann Vanreusel, and Ulrike Braeckman
Biogeosciences, 23, 1159–1179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1159-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1159-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
As the Greenland Ice Sheet retreats, it is crucial to understand how this affects carbon burial in fjords. Comparing a fjord influenced by marine-terminating glaciers with one fed by a land-terminating glacier shows that high productivity near marine-terminating glaciers does not necessarily enhance carbon burial. Instead, the complex interplay of physical, biological, and sedimentary processes governs fjord carbon dynamics.
Sarah Paradis, Justin Tiano, Emil De Borger, Antonio Pusceddu, Clare Bradshaw, Claudia Ennas, Claudia Morys, and Marija Sciberras
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3547–3563, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
DISOM is a database that compiles data of 71 independent studies that assess the effect of demersal fisheries on sedimentological and biogeochemical properties. This database also provides crucial metadata (i.e. environmental and fishing descriptors) needed to understand the effects of demersal fisheries in a global context.
Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Dick van Oevelen, Christian Mohn, Karline Soetaert, Max Rietkerk, Johan van de Koppel, and Theo Gerkema
Ocean Sci., 20, 569–587, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-water corals (CWCs) and tidal waves in the interior of the ocean have been connected in case studies. We demonstrate this connection globally using hydrodynamic simulations and a CWC database. Internal-tide generation shows a similar depth pattern with slope steepness and latitude as CWCs. Our results suggest that internal-tide generation can be a useful predictor of CWC habitat and that current CWC habitats might change following climate-change-related shoaling of internal-tide generation.
Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Sandra R. Maier, Siluo Chen, Laurence H. De Clippele, Evert de Froe, Theo Gerkema, Johan van de Koppel, Furu Mienis, Christian Mohn, Max Rietkerk, Karline Soetaert, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 21, 973–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Combining hydrodynamic simulations and annotated videos, we separated which hydrodynamic variables that determine reef cover are engineered by cold-water corals and which are not. Around coral mounds, hydrodynamic zones seem to create a typical reef zonation, restricting corals from moving deeper (the expected response to climate warming). But non-engineered downward velocities in winter (e.g. deep winter mixing) seem more important for coral reef growth than coral engineering.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Stanley I. Nmor, Eric Viollier, Lucie Pastor, Bruno Lansard, Christophe Rabouille, and Karline Soetaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7325–7351, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal marine environment serves as a transition zone in the land–ocean continuum and is susceptible to episodic phenomena such as flash floods, which cause massive organic matter deposition. Here, we present a model of sediment early diagenesis that explicitly describes this type of deposition while also incorporating unique flood deposit characteristics. This model can be used to investigate the temporal evolution of marine sediments following abrupt changes in environmental conditions.
Justin C. Tiano, Jochen Depestele, Gert Van Hoey, João Fernandes, Pieter van Rijswijk, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 19, 2583–2598, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study gives an assessment of bottom trawling on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in a location known for its strong currents and variable habitats. Although trawl gears only removed the top 1 cm of the seabed surface, impacts on reef-building tubeworms significantly decreased carbon and nutrient cycling. Lighter trawls slightly reduced the impact on fauna and nutrients. Tubeworms were strongly linked to biogeochemical and faunal aspects before but not after trawling.
Alice E. Webb, Didier M. de Bakker, Karline Soetaert, Tamara da Costa, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Fleur C. van Duyl, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Lennart J. de Nooijer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6501–6516, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The biogeochemical behaviour of shallow reef communities is quantified to better understand the impact of habitat degradation and species composition shifts on reef functioning. The reef communities investigated barely support reef functions that are usually ascribed to conventional coral reefs, and the overall biogeochemical behaviour is found to be similar regardless of substrate type. This suggests a decrease in functional diversity which may therefore limit services provided by this reef.
Chiu H. Cheng, Jaco C. de Smit, Greg S. Fivash, Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher, Bas W. Borsje, and Karline Soetaert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1335–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Shells are biogenic particles that are widespread throughout natural sandy environments and can affect the bed roughness and seabed erodibility. As studies are presently lacking, we experimentally measured ripple formation and migration using natural sand with increasing volumes of shell material under unidirectional flow in a racetrack flume. We show that shells expedite the onset of sediment transport, reduce ripple dimensions and slow their migration rate.
Cited articles
Aller, R. C.: Quantifying solute distributions in the bioturbated zone of
marine sediments by defining an average microenvironment, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 44, 1955–1965, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(80)90195-7, 1980.
Aller, R. C.: The importance of the diffusive permeability of animal burrow linings in determining marine sediment chemistry, J. Mar. Res., 41, 299–322, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224083788520225, 1983.
Aller, R. C. and Aller, J. Y.: Meiofauna and solute transport in marine
muds, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 1018–1033, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.5.1018,
1992.
Aller, R. C. and Aller, J. Y.: The effect of biogenic irrigation intensity
and solute exchange on diagenetic reaction rates in marine sediments, J.
Mar. Res., 56, 905–936, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224098321667413, 1998.
Aller, R. C. and Yingst, J. Y.: Effects of the marine deposit-feeders
Heteromastus filiformis (Polychaeta), Macoma balthica (Bivalvia), and
Tellina texana (Bivalvia) on averaged sedimentary solute transport, reaction
rates, and microbial distributions, J. Mar. Res., 43, 615–645,
https://doi.org/10.1357/002224085788440349, 1985.
Andersson, J. H., Middelburg, J. J., and Soetaert, K.: Identifiability and
uncertainty analysis of bio-irrigation rates, J. Mar. Res., 64, 407–429,
https://doi.org/10.1357/002224006778189590, 2006.
Beauchard, O., Veríssimo, H., Queirós, A. M., and Herman, P. M. J.:
The use of multiple biological traits in marine community ecology and its
potential in ecological indicator development, Ecol. Indic., 76, 81–96,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.011, 2017.
Berelson, W. M., Heggie, D., Longmore, A., Kilgore, T., Nicholson, G., and
Skyring, G.: Benthic Nutrient Recycling in Port Phillip Bay, Australia,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 46, 917–934, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0328,
1998.
Berg, P., Rysgaard, S., Funch, P., and Sejr, M. K.: Effects of bioturbation
on solutes and solids in marine sediments, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 26,
81–94, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame026081, 2001.
Braeckman, U., Provoost, P., Gribsholt, B., Van Gansbeke, D., Middelburg, J.
J., Soetaert, K., Vincx, M., and Vanaverbeke, J.: Role of macrofauna
functional traits and density in biogeochemical fluxes and bioturbation,
Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 399, 173–186, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08336, 2010.
Braeckman, U., Van Colen, C., Soetaert, K., Vincx, M., and Vanaverbeke, J.:
Contrasting macrobenthic activities differentially affect nematode density
and diversity in a shallow subtidal marine sediment, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.,
422, 179–191, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08910, 2011.
Brey, T.: An empirical model for estimating aquatic invertebrate
respiration, Methods Ecol. Evol., 1, 92–101,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2009.00008.x, 2010.
Buhr, K.-J.: Suspension-feeding and assimilation efficiency in Lanice
conchilega (Polychaeta), Mar. Biol., 38, 373–383,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391377, 1976.
Buhr, K.-J. and Winter, J. E.: Distribution and Maintenance of a Lanice
Conchilega Association in the Weser Estuary (Frg), With Special Reference To
the Suspension – Feeding Behaviour of Lanice Conchilega, Pergamon Press
Ltd., Oxford, 1977.
Christensen, B., Vedel, A., and Kristensen, E.: Carbon and nitrogen fluxes in
sediment inhabited by suspension-feeding (Nereis diversicolor) and
non-suspension-feeding (N. virens) polychaetes, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 192,
203–217, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps192203, 2000.
Craeymeersch, J., Kingston, P., Rachor, E., Duineveld, G., Heip, C., and
Vanden Berghe, E.: North Sea Benthos Survey, available at: http://ipt.vliz.be/eurobis/resource?r=nsbs (last access: 27 March 2020), 1986.
D'Andrea, A. F. and DeWitt, T. H.: Geochemical ecosystem engineering by the
mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis (Crustacea: Thalassinidae) in Yaquina Bay,
Oregon: Density-dependent effects on organic matter remineralization and
nutrient cycling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 1911–1932,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.1911, 2009.
De Backer, A., van Ael, E., Vincx, M., and Degraer, S.: Behaviour and time
allocation of the mud shrimp, Corophium volutator, during the tidal cycle: A
laboratory study, Helgoland Mar. Res., 64, 63–67,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-009-0167-6, 2010.
Degraer, S., Wittoeck, J., Appeltans, W., Cooreman, K., Deprez, T.,
Hillewaert, H., Hostens, K., Mees, J., Vanden Berghe, E., and Vincx, M.:
Macrobel: Long term trends in the macrobenthos of the Belgian Continental
Shelf. Oostende, Belgium, available at:
http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/macrobel/ (last access: 21 July 2019), 2006.
De Smet, B., Braeckman, U., Soetaert, K., Vincx, M., and Vanaverbeke, J.:
Predator effects on the feeding and bioirrigation activity of
ecosystem-engineered Lanice conchilega reefs, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 475,
31–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.11.005, 2016.
Dornhoffer, T., Waldbusser, G. G., and Meile, C.: Burrow patchiness and
oxygen fluxes in bioirrigated sediments, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 412,
81–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.11.004, 2012.
Dray, S. and Dufour, A.-B.: The ade4 Package: Implementing the Duality Diagram for Ecologists, J. Stat. Softw., 22, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v022.i04, 2007.
Dray, S., Chessel, D., and Thioulouse, J.: Co-inertia analysis and the
linking of ecological data tables, Ecology, 84, 3078–3089,
https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0178, 2003.
Ehrhold, A., Blanchard, M., Auffret, J.-P., and Garlan, T.: Conséquences
de la prolifération de la crépidule (Crepidula fornicata) sur
l'évolution sédimentaire de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche,
France), Comptes Rendus l'Académie des Sci. – Ser. IIA – Earth Planet.
Sci., 327, 583–588, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(99)80111-6,
1998.
Fleischer, R. C.: Relationships between Tidal Oscillations and Ruddy Turnstone Flocking, Foraging, and Vigilance Behavior, Condor, 85, 22–29, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367881, 1983.
Forster, S. and Graf, G.: Impact of irrigation on oxygen flux into the
sediment: intermittent pumping by Callianassa subterranea and
“piston-pumping” by Lanice conchilega, Mar. Biol., 123, 335–346,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353625, 1995.
Forster, S., Khalili, A., and Kitlar, J.: Variation of nonlocal irrigation in a subtidal benthic community, J. Mar. Res., 61, 335–357, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224003322201223, 2003.
Furukawa, Y., Bentley, S. J., and Lavoie, D. L.: Bioirrigation modeling in
experimental benthic mesocosms, J. Mar. Res., 59, 417–452,
https://doi.org/10.1357/002224001762842262, 2001.
Granadeiro, J. P., Dias, M. P., Martins, R. C., and Palmeirim, J. M.: Variation in numbers and behaviour of waders during the tidal cycle: implications for the use of estuarine sediment flats, Acta Oecol., 29, 293–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2005.11.008, 2006.
Hale, R., Mavrogordato, M. N., Tolhurst, T. J., and Solan, M.: Characterizations of how species mediate ecosystem properties require more comprehensive functional effect descriptors, Sci. Rep., 4, 6463, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06463, 2014.
Hedman, J. E., Gunnarsson, J. S., Samuelsson, G., and Gilbert, F.: Particle
reworking and solute transport by the sediment-living polychaetes
Marenzelleria neglecta and Hediste diversicolor, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol.,
407, 294–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.06.026, 2011.
Heo, M. and Gabriel, K. R.: A permutation test of association between
configurations by means of the RV coefficient, Commun. Stat. B-Simul., 27, 843–856, https://doi.org/10.1080/03610919808813512, 1998.
Herman, P. M. J., Middelburg, J. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Benthic community structure and sediment processes on an intertidal flat: Results from the ECOFLAT project, Cont. Shelf Res., 21, 2055–2071, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00042-5, 2001.
Holtmann, S. E., Groenewold, A., Schrader, K. H. M., Asjes, J.,
Craeymeersch, J. A., Duineveld, G. C. A., van Bostelen, A. J., and van der
Meer, J.: Atlas of the zoobenthos of the Dutch continental shelf, Ministry
of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Rijswijk, available at:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=130644 (last access: 19 July 2019), 1996.
Huettel, M.: Influence of the lugworm Arenicola marina on porewater nutrient
profiles of sand flat sediments, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 62, 241–248,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps062241, 1990.
Kikuchi, E.: Effects of the brackish deposit-feeding polychaetes Notomastus
sp. (Capitellidae) and Neanthes japonica (Izuka) (Nereidae) on sedimentary
O2 consumption and CO2 production rates, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 114,
15–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90136-5, 1987.
Koo, B. J., Kwon, K. K., and Hyun, J. H.: Effect of environmental conditions
on variation in the sediment-water interface created by complex macrofaunal
burrows on a tidal flat, J. Sea Res., 58, 302–312,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2007.07.002, 2007.
Kristensen, E.: Impact of polychaetes (Nereis spp. and Arenicola marina) on
carbon biogeochemistry in coastal marine sediments, Geochem. T., 2,
92–103, https://doi.org/10.1039/b108114d, 2001.
Kristensen, E., Penha-Lopes, G., Delefosse, M., Valdemarsen, T., Quintana,
C. O., and Banta, G. T.: What is bioturbation? the need for a precise
definition for fauna in aquatic sciences, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 446,
285–302, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09506, 2012.
MacDonald, E. C., Frost, E. H., MacNeil, S. M., Hamilton, D. J., and Barbeau,
M. A.: Behavioral response of Corophium volutator to shorebird predation in
the upper bay of Fundy, Canada, PLoS One, 9, e110633,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110633, 2014.
Magni, P. and Montani, S.: Seasonal patterns of pore-water nutrients,
benthic chlorophyll a and sedimentary AVS in a macrobenthos-rich tidal flat,
Hydrobiologia, 571, 297–311, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0242-9, 2006.
Maire, O., Merchant, J. N., Bulling, M., Teal, L. R., Grémare, A.,
Duchêne, J. C., and Solan, M.: Indirect effects of non-lethal predation
on bivalve activity and sediment reworking, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol.,
395, 30–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.004, 2010.
Martin, W. R. and Banta, G. T.: The measurement of sediment irrigation
rates: A comparison of the Br-tracer and 222Rn∕226Ra disequilibrum
techniques, J. Mar. Res., 50, 125–154, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224092784797737,
1992.
McCave, I. N., Bryant, R. J., Cook, H. F., and Coughanowr, C. A.: Evaluation
of a laser-diffraction-size analyzer for use with natural sediments, J.
Sediment. Res., 56, 561–564, https://doi.org/10.1306/212f89cc-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d, 1986.
McCurdy, D. G., Boates, J. S., and Forbes, M. R.: Reproductive synchrony in
the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator, Oikos, 88, 301–308,
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880208.x, 2000.
Mestdagh, S., Bagaço, L., Braeckman, U., Ysebaert, T., De Smet, B., Moens, T.,
and Van Colen, C.: Functional trait responses to sediment deposition reduce macrofauna-mediated
ecosystem functioning in an estuarine mudflat, Biogeosciences, 15, 2587–2599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2587-2018, 2018.
Meysman, F. J. R., Galaktionov, O. S., and Middelburg, J. J.: Irrigation
patterns in permeable sediments induced by burrow ventilation: A case study
of Arenicola marina, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 303, 195–212,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps303195, 2005.
Meysman, F. J. R., Galaktionov, O. S., Gribsholt, B., and Middelburg, J. J.:
Bio-irrigation in permeable sediments: An assessment of model complexity, J.
Mar. Res., 64, 589–627, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224006778715757, 2006.
Miron, G., Desrosiers, G., Retière, C., and Masson, S.: Variations in time budget of the polychaete Nereis virens as a function of density and acclimation after introduction to a new burrow, Mar. Biol., 114, 41–48, 1992.
Morys, C., Powilleit, M., and Forster, S.: Bioturbation in relation to the
depth distribution of macrozoobenthos in the southwestern Baltic Sea, Mar.
Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 579, 19–36, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12236, 2017.
Murray, F., Douglas, A., and Solan, M.: Species that share traits do not necessarily form distinct and universally applicable functional effect groups, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 516, 23–34, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11020, 2014.
Na, T., Gribsholt, B., Galaktionov, O. S., Lee, T., and Meysman, F. J. R.:
Influence of advective bio-irrigation on carbon and nitrogen cycling in
sandy sediments, J. Mar. Res., 66, 691–722, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224008787536826,
2008.
Nielsen, O. I., Gribsholt, B., Kristensen, E., and Revsbech, N. P.:
Microscale distribution of oxygen and nitrate in sediment inhabited by
Nereis diversicolor: Spatial patterns and estimated reaction rates, Aquat.
Microb. Ecol., 34, 23–32, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame034023, 2004.
Northeast Fisheries Science Center: Benthic Habitat Database, available at: https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/benthic-habitat-database (last access: 19 July 2019),
2018.
Olaffson, E.: Do Macrofauna Structure Meiofauna Assemblages in Marine
Soft-Bottoms? A review of Experimental Studies, Vie Milieu, 53,
249–265, 2003.
Ponsero, A., Sturbois, A., Desroy, N., Le Mao, P., Jones, A. and Fournier, J.: How do macrobenthic resources concentrate foraging waders in large megatidal sandflats?, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 178, 120–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.05.023, 2016.
Price, W. L.: A controlled random search procedure for global optimisation,
Comput, J., 20, 367–370, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.367, 1977.
Queirós, A. M., Birchenough, S. N. R., Bremner, J., Godbold, J. A.,
Parker, R. E., Romero-Ramirez, A., Reiss, H., Solan, M., Somerfield, P. J.,
Van Colen, C., Van Hoey, G., and Widdicombe, S.: A bioturbation
classification of European marine infaunal invertebrates, Ecol. Evol.,
3, 3958–3985, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.769, 2013.
Queirios, A. M., Stephens, N., Cook, R., Ravaglioli, C., Nunes, J.,
Dashfield, S., Harris, C., Tilstone, G. H., Fishwick, J., Braeckman, U.,
Somerfield, P. J., and Widdicombe, S.: Can benthic community structure be
used to predict the process of bioturbation in real ecosystems?, Prog.
Oceanogr., 137, 559–569, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.027, 2015.
Quintana, C. O., Tang, M., and Kristensen, E.: Simultaneous study of particle
reworking, irrigation transport and reaction rates in sediment bioturbated
by the polychaetes Heteromastus and Marenzelleria, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,
352, 392–406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.08.015, 2007.
Ragueneau, O., Chauvaud, L., Moriceau, B., Leynaert, A., Thouzeau, G.,
Donval, A., Le Loc'h, F., and Jean, F.: Biodeposition by an invasive
suspension feeder impacts the biogeochemical cycle of Si in a coastal
ecosystem (Bay of Brest, France), Biogeochemistry, 75, 19–41,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-5677-3, 2005.
Rao, A. M. F., Malkin, S. Y., Montserrat, F., and Meysman, F. J. R.:
Alkalinity production in intertidal sands intensified by lugworm
bioirrigation, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 148, 36–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.06.006, 2014.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing,
available at: http://www.r-project.org/ (last access: 27 March 2020), 2013.
Renz, J. R., Powilleit, M., Gogina, M., Zettler, M. L., Morys, C., and
Forster, S.: Community bioirrigation potential (BIPc), an index to
quantify the potential for solute exchange at the sediment-water interface,
Mar. Environ. Res., 141, 214–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.013, 2018.
Ritchie, R. J.: Consistent sets of spectrophotometric chlorophyll equations
for acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents, Photosynth. Res., 89, 27–41,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-006-9065-9, 2006.
Rysgaard, S., Christensen, P. B., Sørensen, M. V., Funch, P., and Berg,
P.: Marine meiofauna, carbon and nitrogen mineralization in sandy and soft
sediments of Disko Bay, West Greenland, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 21, 59–71,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame021059, 2000.
Schlüter, M., Sauter, E., Hansen, H. P., and Suess, E.: Seasonal
variations of bioirrigation in coastal sediments: Modelling of field data,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 64, 821–834,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00375-0, 2000.
Sistermans, W. C. H., Hummel, H., Dekker, A., and Dek, L. A.: Inventarisatie
macrofauna Westerschelde Najaar 2005, Centrum voor Estuariene en Mariene Ecologie (NIOO-CEME), Yerseke, 2006.
Soetaert, K. and Petzoldt, T.: Inverse Modelling, Sensitivity and Monte
Carlo analysis in R Using PAckage FME, J. Stat. Softw., 33, 1–28,
https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v033.i03, 2010.
Soetaert, K., Petzoldt, T., and Setzer, R. W.: Solving Differential Equations in R : Package deSolve, J. Stat. Softw., 33, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v033.i09, 2010.
Solan, M., Cardinale, B. J., Downing, A. L., Engelhardt, K. A. M., Ruesink,
J. L., and Srivastava, D. S.: Extinction and Ecosystem Funciton in the Marine
Benthos, Science, 306, 1177–1180,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103960, 2004.
Tenenhaus, M. and Young, F. W.: An analysis and synthesis of multiple
correspondence analysis, optimal scaling, dual scaling, homogeneity analysis
and other methods for quantifying categorical multivariate data,
Psychometrika, 50, 91–119, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294151, 1985.
Thioulouse, J., Dray, S., Dufour, A.-B., Siberchicot, A., Jombart, T., and
Pavoine, S.: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, 1st Edn.,
Springer-Verlag New York, New York, 2018.
Timmermann, K., Banta, G. T., and Glud, R. N.: Linking Arenicola marina
irrigation behavior to oxygen transport and dynamics in sandy sediments, J.
Mar. Res., 64, 915–938, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224006779698378, 2007.
Volkenborn, N., Hedtkamp, S. I. C., van Beusekom, J. E. E., and Reise, K.:
Effects of bioturbation and bioirrigation by lugworms (Arenicola marina) on
physical and chemical sediment properties and implications for intertidal
habitat succession, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 74, 331–343,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.05.001, 2007.
Wentworth, C. K.: A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments, J. Geol., 30, 377–392, https://doi.org/10.1086/622910, 1922.
Wrede, A., Beermann, J., Dannheim, J., Gutow, L., and Brey, T.: Organism
functional traits and ecosystem supporting services – A novel approach to
predict bioirrigation, Ecol. Indic., 91, 737–743,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.026, 2018.
Short summary
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange (bioirrigation), we show that organisms in subtidal (permanently submerged) areas have similar bioirrigation rates as those that inhabit intertidal areas (not permanently submerged), but organisms in the latter irrigate deeper burrows in this study. Our results expand on traditional methods to quantify bioirrigation rates and broaden the pool of field measurements of bioirrigation rates.
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint