Articles | Volume 18, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 08 Feb 2021
| 08 Feb 2021
Cross-basin differences in the nutrient assimilation characteristics of induced phytoplankton blooms in the subtropical Pacific waters
Fuminori Hashihama
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania,
Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Hiroaki Saito
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Taketoshi Kodama
Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
Saori Yasui-Tamura
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
Jota Kanda
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
Iwao Tanita
Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Okinawa 907-0451, Japan
Hiroshi Ogawa
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Chiba 277-8564, Japan
E. Malcolm S. Woodward
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, the Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
Philip W. Boyd
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania,
Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Ken Furuya
Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo
192-8577, Japan
Related authors
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Tsukasa Dobashi, Yuzo Miyazaki, Eri Tachibana, Kazutaka Takahashi, Sachiko Horii, Fuminori Hashihama, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Yoko Iwamoto, Shu-Kuan Wong, and Koji Hamasaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 439–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in marine aerosols is important for biogeochemical cycling of bioelements. Our shipboard measurements suggested that reactive nitrogen produced and exuded by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in surface seawater likely contributed to the formation of WSON aerosols in the subtropical North Pacific. This study provides new implications for the role of marine microbial activity in the formation of WSON aerosols in the ocean surface.
Sayako Ueda, Kazuo Osada, Keiichiro Hara, Masanori Yabuki, Fuminori Hashihama, and Jota Kanda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9207–9224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated mixing states and morphological features of soot-containing particles, by using water-dialysis analysis in remote ocean areas over the southern Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean. Most particles were water-soluble. However, rarely were particles (2.1 % of particles on a TEM sample at a maximum) found to contain insoluble residuals with the characteristic soot shape.
T. Shiozaki, S. Takeda, S. Itoh, T. Kodama, X. Liu, F. Hashihama, and K. Furuya
Biogeosciences, 12, 6931–6943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The high abundance of Trichodesmium and active nitrogen fixation in the Kuroshio were not explained by the nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, and iron) distribution. We observed a Trichodesmium bloom and high nitrogen fixation near islands situated along the Kuroshio. Numerical particle-tracking experiments simulated the transportation of water around the Ryukyu Islands to the Kuroshio. Our results indicate that Trichodesmium growing around the Ryukyu Islands could be advected into the Kuroshio.
M. Girault, H. Arakawa, A. Barani, H. J. Ceccaldi, F. Hashihama, and G. Gregori
Biogeosciences, 12, 3607–3621, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3607-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3607-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the distribution of three heterotrophic prokaryote groups in relation to the environmental conditions met in the western part of NPSG. Our results showed that the high variability between the various heterotrophic prokaryote cluster abundances depend both on the mesoscale structures and the oligotrophic gradient. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the heterotrophic prokaryotes distribution under La Niña conditions in the western part of NPSG.
M. Sato, R. Sakuraba, and F. Hashihama
Biogeosciences, 10, 7677–7688, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7677-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7677-2013, 2013
M. Girault, H. Arakawa, A. Barani, H. J. Ceccaldi, F. Hashihama, S. Kinouchi, and G. Gregori
Biogeosciences, 10, 5947–5965, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5947-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5947-2013, 2013
Naoya Kanna, Kazutaka Tateyama, Takuji Waseda, Anna Timofeeva, Maria Papadimitraki, Laura Whitmore, Hajime Obata, Daiki Nomura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Youhei Yamashita, and Igor Polyakov
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1834, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents data on iron and manganese, which are essential micronutrients for primary producers, on the surface of the Arctic’s Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LESS). Observations were made in international cooperation with the NABOS expedition during the late summer of 2021 in the Arctic Ocean. The results from this study indicate that the major factors controlling these metal concentrations in LESS are river discharge and the input of shelf sediment.
Takuya Sato, Tamaha Yamaguchi, Kiyotaka Hidataka, Sayaka Sogawa, Takashi Setou, Taketoshi Kodama, Takuhei Shiozaki, and Kazutaka Takahashi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1294, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gamma A is a widespread non-cyanobacterial diazotroph and plays a crucial role for marine ecosystems, but its controlling factors are still largely unknown. This study, for the first time, quantified microzooplankton grazing on Gamma A and revealed significance of grazing pressure on Gamma A distribution around the Kuroshio region. It highlights the importance of top-down controls on Gamma A abundance and the associated nitrogen cycle.
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Andrea J. McEvoy, Angus Atkinson, Ruth L. Airs, Rachel Brittain, Ian Brown, Elaine S. Fileman, Helen S. Findlay, Caroline L. McNeill, Clare Ostle, Tim J. Smyth, Paul J. Somerfield, Karen Tait, Glen A. Tarran, Simon Thomas, Claire E. Widdicombe, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Amanda Beesley, David V. P. Conway, James Fishwick, Hannah Haines, Carolyn Harris, Roger Harris, Pierre Hélaouët, David Johns, Penelope K. Lindeque, Thomas Mesher, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop, Joana Nunes, Frances Perry, Ana M. Queiros, Andrew Rees, Saskia Rühl, David Sims, Ricardo Torres, and Stephen Widdicombe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5701–5737, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5701-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5701-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Western Channel Observatory is an oceanographic time series and biodiversity reference site within 40 km of Plymouth (UK), sampled since 1903. Differing levels of reporting and formatting hamper the use of the valuable individual datasets. We provide the first summary database as monthly averages where comparisons can be made of the physical, chemical and biological data. We describe the database, illustrate its utility to examine seasonality and longer-term trends, and summarize previous work.
David T. Ho, Laurent Bopp, Jaime B. Palter, Matthew C. Long, Philip W. Boyd, Griet Neukermans, and Lennart T. Bach
State Planet, 2-oae2023, 12, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-12-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-12-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) refers to the multistep process to quantify the amount of carbon dioxide removed by a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activity. Here, we make recommendations for MRV for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) research, arguing that it has an obligation for comprehensiveness, reproducibility, and transparency, as it may become the foundation for assessing large-scale deployment. Both observations and numerical simulations will be needed for MRV.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Tsukasa Dobashi, Yuzo Miyazaki, Eri Tachibana, Kazutaka Takahashi, Sachiko Horii, Fuminori Hashihama, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Yoko Iwamoto, Shu-Kuan Wong, and Koji Hamasaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 439–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in marine aerosols is important for biogeochemical cycling of bioelements. Our shipboard measurements suggested that reactive nitrogen produced and exuded by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in surface seawater likely contributed to the formation of WSON aerosols in the subtropical North Pacific. This study provides new implications for the role of marine microbial activity in the formation of WSON aerosols in the ocean surface.
Ken-ichi Nakamura, Atsushi Nishimoto, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Yoichi Kogure, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Haruyuki Morimoto, and Taketoshi Kodama
Ocean Sci., 18, 295–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-295-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-295-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Sea of Japan, surrounding Russia, the Korean Peninsula, and the Japanese Archipelago, is one of the most rapidly changing seas in the world. We measured carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of zooplankton. We determined that the carbon stable isotope ratio has been decreasing over 15 years, and this trend was comparable to or slightly more rapid than the Suess effect, which is a signal of anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, carbon dynamics are changing in the shallow coastal waters.
Neil J. Wyatt, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Heather A. Bouman, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 18, 4265–4280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using data collected during two expeditions to the South Atlantic Ocean, we investigated how the interaction between external sources and biological activity influenced the availability of the trace metals zinc and cobalt. This is important as both metals play essential roles in the metabolism and growth of phytoplankton and thus influence primary productivity of the oceans. We found seasonal changes in both processes that helped explain upper-ocean trace metal cycling.
Yu-Te Hsieh, Walter Geibert, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Neil J. Wyatt, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, and Gideon M. Henderson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1645–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The South Atlantic near 40° S is one of the high-productivity and most dynamic nutrient regions in the oceans, but the sources and fluxes of trace elements (TEs) to this region remain unclear. This study investigates seawater Ra-228 and provides important constraints on ocean mixing and dissolved TE fluxes to this region. Vertical mixing is a more important source than aeolian or shelf inputs in this region, but particulate or winter deep-mixing inputs may be required to balance the TE budgets.
Noelle A. Held, Eric A. Webb, Matthew M. McIlvin, David A. Hutchins, Natalie R. Cohen, Dawn M. Moran, Korinna Kunde, Maeve C. Lohan, Claire Mahaffey, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 17, 2537–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2537-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2537-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Trichodesmium is a globally important marine nitrogen fixer that stimulates primary production in the surface ocean. We surveyed metaproteomes of Trichodesmium populations across the North Atlantic and other oceans, and we found that they experience simultaneous phosphate and iron stress because of the biophysical limits of nutrient uptake. Importantly, nitrogenase was most abundant during co-stress, indicating the potential importance of this phenotype to global nitrogen and carbon cycling.
Christina Schallenberg, Robert F. Strzepek, Nina Schuback, Lesley A. Clementson, Philip W. Boyd, and Thomas W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 17, 793–812, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-793-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-793-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of phytoplankton health still require the use of research vessels and are thus costly and sparse. In this paper we propose a new way to assess the health of phytoplankton using simple fluorescence measurements, which can be made autonomously. In the Southern Ocean, where the most limiting nutrient for phytoplankton is iron, we found a relationship between iron limitation and the depression of fluorescence under high light, the so-called non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence.
Haruka Takagi, Katsunori Kimoto, Tetsuichi Fujiki, Hiroaki Saito, Christiane Schmidt, Michal Kucera, and Kazuyoshi Moriya
Biogeosciences, 16, 3377–3396, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3377-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3377-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Photosymbiosis (endosymbiosis with algae) is an evolutionary important ecology for many marine organisms but has poorly been identified among planktonic foraminifera. In this study, we identified and characterized photosymbiosis of various species of planktonic foraminifera by focusing on their photosynthesis–related features. We finally proposed a new framework showing a potential strength of photosymbiosis, which will serve as a basis for future ecological studies of planktonic foraminifera.
Shinsuke Kawagucci, Akiko Makabe, Taketoshi Kodama, Yohei Matsui, Chisato Yoshikawa, Etsuro Ono, Masahide Wakita, Takuro Nunoura, Hiroshi Uchida, and Taichi Yokokawa
Ocean Sci., 14, 575–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-575-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-575-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A full-depth-rated conductivity–temperature–depth profiler with
carousel~multiple sampling (CTD-CMS) system on the research vessel R/V Kaimei can illuminate the last frontier, i.e., the hadal zone, an oceanographic province deeper than 7000 m. A series of biogeochemical observations of hadal seawater at the Izu–Ogasawara and Mariana trenches revealed basically well-mixed hydrographic properties and a heterogeneous distribution of likely sediment-derived compounds.
Sayako Ueda, Kazuo Osada, Keiichiro Hara, Masanori Yabuki, Fuminori Hashihama, and Jota Kanda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9207–9224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated mixing states and morphological features of soot-containing particles, by using water-dialysis analysis in remote ocean areas over the southern Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean. Most particles were water-soluble. However, rarely were particles (2.1 % of particles on a TEM sample at a maximum) found to contain insoluble residuals with the characteristic soot shape.
Taketoshi Kodama, Taku Wagawa, Naoki Iguchi, Yoshitake Takada, Takashi Takahashi, Ken-Ichi Fukudome, Haruyuki Morimoto, and Tsuneo Goto
Ocean Sci., 14, 355–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-355-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-355-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We examined zooplankton community structure along the Japanese coast of the Japan Sea. Zooplankton were collected during 15 cruises in May from 1999 to 2013 by a plankton net. Species were identified under a microscope and were counted. The zooplankton community changed with water temperature and the coastal current, and the submarine canyon structure in this sea makes a difference in the zooplankton community.
Yuanyuan Feng, Michael Y. Roleda, Evelyn Armstrong, Cliff S. Law, Philip W. Boyd, and Catriona L. Hurd
Biogeosciences, 15, 581–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-581-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-581-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a series of incubation experiments to understand how the changes in five environmental drivers will affect the elemental composition of the calcifying phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi. These findings provide new diagnostic information to aid our understanding of how the physiology and the related marine biogeochemistry of the ecologically important species Emiliania huxleyi will respond to changes in different environmental drivers in the global climate change scenario.
T. Shiozaki, S. Takeda, S. Itoh, T. Kodama, X. Liu, F. Hashihama, and K. Furuya
Biogeosciences, 12, 6931–6943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The high abundance of Trichodesmium and active nitrogen fixation in the Kuroshio were not explained by the nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, and iron) distribution. We observed a Trichodesmium bloom and high nitrogen fixation near islands situated along the Kuroshio. Numerical particle-tracking experiments simulated the transportation of water around the Ryukyu Islands to the Kuroshio. Our results indicate that Trichodesmium growing around the Ryukyu Islands could be advected into the Kuroshio.
M. Girault, H. Arakawa, A. Barani, H. J. Ceccaldi, F. Hashihama, and G. Gregori
Biogeosciences, 12, 3607–3621, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3607-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3607-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the distribution of three heterotrophic prokaryote groups in relation to the environmental conditions met in the western part of NPSG. Our results showed that the high variability between the various heterotrophic prokaryote cluster abundances depend both on the mesoscale structures and the oligotrophic gradient. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the heterotrophic prokaryotes distribution under La Niña conditions in the western part of NPSG.
A. Kubo, M. Yamamoto-Kawai, and J. Kanda
Biogeosciences, 12, 269–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-269-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-269-2015, 2015
M. Sato, R. Sakuraba, and F. Hashihama
Biogeosciences, 10, 7677–7688, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7677-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7677-2013, 2013
Y. Yamashita, Y. Nosaka, K. Suzuki, H. Ogawa, K. Takahashi, and H. Saito
Biogeosciences, 10, 7207–7217, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7207-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7207-2013, 2013
J. Kanda
Biogeosciences, 10, 6107–6113, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6107-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6107-2013, 2013
M. Girault, H. Arakawa, A. Barani, H. J. Ceccaldi, F. Hashihama, S. Kinouchi, and G. Gregori
Biogeosciences, 10, 5947–5965, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5947-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5947-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Climatic Controls on Metabolic Constraints in the Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Evolution of oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth System Models
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Biological impact of ocean alkalinity enhancement of magnesium hydroxide on marine microalgae using bioassays simulating ship-based dispersion
Decadal changes of anthropogenic carbon in the Atlantic 1990–2010
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Influence of GEOTRACES data distribution and misfit function choice on objective parameter retrieval in a marine zinc cycle model
Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth system models
Early winter barium excess in the southern Indian Ocean as an annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Controlling factors on the global distribution of a representative marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph phylotype (Gamma A)
Summer trends and drivers of sea surface fCO2 and pH changes observed in the southern Indian Ocean over the last two decades (1998–2019)
Global nutrient cycling by commercially targeted marine fish
Major processes of the dissolved cobalt cycle in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean
The impact of the South-East Madagascar Bloom on the oceanic CO2 sink
Nitrite regeneration in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean
Bridging the gaps between particulate backscattering measurements and modeled particulate organic carbon in the ocean
Biological production in two contrasted regions of the Mediterranean Sea during the oligotrophic period: an estimate based on the diel cycle of optical properties measured by BioGeoChemical-Argo profiling floats
Acidification of the Nordic Seas
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
Biogeosciences, 21, 3121–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification are sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and in size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Charly Andre Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart Thomas Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai Georg Schulz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain size dissolved faster, but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain size is optimum for both kinetics.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2822, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2822, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that captures the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen, and a model to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitat in the future. We find that warming and the related loss of marine dissolved oxygen over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitat, and increasing vulnerability to temperature-oxygen extremes.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-129, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean, using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and we analyzed its predictability, a strong O2-IPV connection and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This open new routes to monitor ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, Erik Höglund, and Andrew L. King
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-138, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the oceans might reduce the excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amount because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating expected concentrations from a ships’ dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
Reiner Steinfeldt, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-113, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-113, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the amount of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) that is stored in the Atlantic Ocean for the years 1990, 2000, 2010. Cant is the carbon that is taken up by the ocean due to the rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations as a result of manmade CO2 emissions. However, most of the carbon in the ocean is natural. In order to determine the amount of Cant, we apply a special technique which is based on the observation of other manmade gases (e.g. CFCs).
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Zuozhu Wen, Thomas J. Browning, Rongbo Dai, Wenwei Wu, Weiying Li, Xiaohua Hu, Wenfang Lin, Lifang Wang, Xin Liu, Zhimian Cao, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5237–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Claudia Eisenring, Sophy E. Oliver, Samar Khatiwala, and Gregory F. de Souza
Biogeosciences, 19, 5079–5106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Given the sparsity of observational constraints on micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), we assess the sensitivities of a framework for objective parameter optimisation in an oceanic Zn cycling model. Our ensemble of optimisations towards synthetic data with varying kinds of uncertainty shows that deficiencies related to model complexity and the choice of the misfit function generally have a greater impact on the retrieval of model Zn uptake behaviour than does the limitation of data coverage.
Yoshikazu Sasai, Sherwood Lan Smith, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4865–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the adaptive response of phytoplankton growth to changing light, nutrients, and temperature over the North Pacific using two physical-biological models. We compare modeled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible control model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C):nitrogen (N):chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C:N:Chl ratios.
Jens Terhaar, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4431–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of the ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon vary across various approaches. We show that the global ocean carbon sink can be estimated by three parameters, two of which approximate the ocean ventilation in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and one of which approximates the chemical capacity of the ocean to take up carbon. With observations of these parameters, we estimate that the global ocean carbon sink is 10 % larger than previously assumed, and we cut uncertainties in half.
Natasha René van Horsten, Hélène Planquette, Géraldine Sarthou, Thomas James Ryan-Keogh, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Thato Nicholas Mtshali, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Eva Bucciarelli
Biogeosciences, 19, 3209–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remineralisation proxy, barite, was measured along 30°E in the southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter. To our knowledge this is the first reported Southern Ocean winter study. Concentrations throughout the water column were comparable to observations during spring to autumn. By linking satellite primary production to this proxy a possible annual timescale is proposed. These findings also suggest possible carbon remineralisation from satellite data on a basin scale.
Zhibo Shao and Ya-Wei Luo
Biogeosciences, 19, 2939–2952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) may be an important player in fixing N2 in the ocean. By conducting meta-analyses, we found that a representative marine NCD phylotype, Gamma A, tends to inhabit ocean environments with high productivity, low iron concentration and high light intensity. It also appears to be more abundant inside cyclonic eddies. Our study suggests a niche differentiation of NCDs from cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the latter prefers low-productivity and high-iron oceans.
Coraline Leseurre, Claire Lo Monaco, Gilles Reverdin, Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, and Léa Benito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2599–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Decadal trends of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total carbon (CT) and pH in surface waters are investigated in different domains of the southern Indian Ocean (45°S–57°S) from ongoing and station observations regularly conducted in summer over the period 1998–2019. The fCO2 increase and pH decrease are mainly driven by anthropogenic CO2 estimated just below the summer mixed layer, as well as by a warming south of the polar front or in the fertilized waters near Kerguelen Island.
Priscilla Le Mézo, Jérôme Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, and Eric Galbraith
Biogeosciences, 19, 2537–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the role of commercially targeted fish biomass in the cycling of three important nutrients (N, P, and Fe), relative to nutrients otherwise available in water and to nutrients required by primary producers, and the impact of fishing. We use a model of commercially targeted fish biomass constrained by fish catch and stock assessment data to assess the contributions of fish at the global scale, at the time of the global peak catch and prior to industrial fishing.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Nicolas Metzl, Claire Lo Monaco, Coraline Leseurre, Céline Ridame, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, Marion Gehlen, and Thi Tuyet Trang Chau
Biogeosciences, 19, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During an oceanographic cruise conducted in January 2020 in the south-western Indian Ocean, we observed very low CO2 concentrations associated with a strong phytoplankton bloom that occurred south-east of Madagascar. This biological event led to a strong regional CO2 ocean sink not previously observed.
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Martí Galí, Marcus Falls, Hervé Claustre, Olivier Aumont, and Raffaele Bernardello
Biogeosciences, 19, 1245–1275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Part of the organic matter produced by plankton in the upper ocean is exported to the deep ocean. This process, known as the biological carbon pump, is key for the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and global climate. However, the dynamics of organic particles below the upper ocean layer are not well understood. Here we compared the measurements acquired by autonomous robots in the top 1000 m of the ocean to a numerical model, which can help improve future climate projections.
Marie Barbieux, Julia Uitz, Alexandre Mignot, Collin Roesler, Hervé Claustre, Bernard Gentili, Vincent Taillandier, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Hubert Loisel, Antoine Poteau, Edouard Leymarie, Christophe Penkerc'h, Catherine Schmechtig, and Annick Bricaud
Biogeosciences, 19, 1165–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses marine biological production in two Mediterranean systems representative of vast desert-like (oligotrophic) areas encountered in the global ocean. We use a novel approach based on non-intrusive high-frequency in situ measurements by two profiling robots, the BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Our results indicate substantial yet variable production rates and contribution to the whole water column of the subsurface layer, typically considered steady and non-productive.
Filippa Fransner, Friederike Fröb, Jerry Tjiputra, Nadine Goris, Siv K. Lauvset, Ingunn Skjelvan, Emil Jeansson, Abdirahman Omar, Melissa Chierici, Elizabeth Jones, Agneta Fransson, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Truls Johannessen, and Are Olsen
Biogeosciences, 19, 979–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification, a direct consequence of the CO2 release by human activities, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of the acidification of the Nordic Seas, from 1850 to 2100, by using a large set of samples taken during research cruises together with numerical model simulations. We estimate the effects of changes in different environmental factors on the rate of acidification and its potential effects on cold-water corals.
Cited articles
Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Bidigare, R. R., Dickey, T. D., Landry, M. R.,
Leonard, C. L., Brown, S. L., Nencioli, F., Rii, Y. M., Maiti, K., Becker,
J. W., Bibby, T. S., Black, W., Cai, W. J., Carlson, C. A., Chen, F.,
Kuwahara, V. S., Mahaffey, C., McAndrew, P. M., Quay, P. D., Rappé, M.
S., Selph, K. E., Simmons, M. P., and Yang, E. J.: Mesoscale eddies drive
increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean, Science, 316,
1017–1021, 2007.
Björkman, K. M., Duhamel, S., Church, M. J., and Karl, D. M.: Spatial
and temporal dynamics of inorganic phosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate in the North Pacific Ocean, Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 235, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00235, 2018.
Blain, S., Bonnet, S., and Guieu, C.: Dissolved iron distribution in the tropical and sub tropical South Eastern Pacific, Biogeosciences, 5, 269–280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-269-2008, 2008.
Bonnet, S., Guieu, C., Bruyant, F., Prášil, O., Van Wambeke, F., Raimbault, P., Moutin, T., Grob, C., Gorbunov, M. Y., Zehr, J. P., Masquelier, S. M., Garczarek, L., and Claustre, H.: Nutrient limitation of primary productivity in the Southeast Pacific (BIOSOPE cruise), Biogeosciences, 5, 215–225, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-215-2008, 2008.
Bonnet, S., Caffin, M., Berthelot, H., and Moutin, T.: Hotspot of N2 fixation in the western tropical South Pacific pleads for a spatial
decoupling between N2 fixation and denitrification, P. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, 114, E2800–E2801, 2017.
Boyd, P. W., Strzepek, R., Takeda, S., Jackson, G., Wong, C. S., McKay, R.
M., Law, C., Kiyosawa, H., Saito H., Sherry, N., Johnson, K., Gower, J., and
Ramaiah, N.: The evolution and termination of an iron-induced mesoscale bloom
in the northeast subarctic Pacific, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1872–1886, 2005.
Brzezinski, M. A.: The Si:C:N ratio of marine diatoms: interspecific
variability and effect of some environmental variables, J. Phycol., 21,
347–357, 1985.
Brzezinski, M. A., Krause, J. W., Church, M. J., Karl, D. M., Li, B., Jones,
J. L., and Updyke, B.: The annual silica cycle of the North Pacific
subtropical gyre, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58, 988–1001, 2011.
Casey, J. R., Lomas, M. W., Michelou, V. K., Dyhrman, S. T., Orchard, E. D.,
Ammerman, J. W., and Sylvan, J. B.: Phytoplankton taxon-specific
orthophosphate (Pi) and ATP utilization in the western subtropical North
Atlantic, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 58, 31–44, 2009.
Chisholm, S. W., Olson, R. J., Zettler, E. R., Goericke, R., Waterbury, J.
B., and Welschmeyer, N. A.: A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in
the oceanic euphotic zone, Nature, 334, 340–343, 1988.
Coleman, M. L. and Chisholm, S. W.: Ecosystem-specific selection pressures
revealed through comparative population genomics, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 18634–18639, 2010.
Deutsch, C., Gruber, N., Key, R. M., and Sarmiento, J. L.: Denitrification
and N2 fixation in the Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15,
485–506, 2001.
Deutsch, C., Sarmiento, J. L., Sigman, D. M., Gruber, N., and Dunne, J. P.:
Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean, Nature, 445,
163–167, 2007.
Dore, J. E., Lukas, R., Sadler, D. W., and Karl, D. M.: Climate-driven
changes to the atmospheric CO2 sink in the subtropical North Pacific
Ocean, Nature, 424, 754–757, 2003.
Dore, J. E., Letelier, R. M., Church, M. J., Lukas, R., and Karl, D. M.:
Summer phytoplankton blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical
Gyre: Historical perspective and recent observations, Prog. Oceanogr., 76,
2–38, 2008.
Dugdale, R. C. and Goering, J. J.: Uptake of new and regenerated forms of
nitrogen in primary productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 196–206, 1967.
Dugdale, R. C. and Wilkerson, F. P.: Silicate regulation of new production
in the equatorial Pacific upwelling, Nature, 391, 270–273, 1998.
Ellwood, M. J., Bowie, A. R., Hassler, C., Law, C. S., Baker, A., Sander,
S., Stevens, C., Townsend, A., Woodward, E. M. S., Wuttig, K.,
Gault-Ringold, M., Maher, W. A., Marriner, A., Nodder, S., Merwe, P. v. d.,
and Boyd, P. W.: Insights into the biogeochemical cycling of iron, nitrate,
and phosphate across a 5,300 km South Pacific zonal section (153∘ E–150∘ W), Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 187–207, 2018.
Eppley, R. W. and Peterson, B. J.: Particulate organic matter flux and
planktonic new production in the deep ocean, Nature, 282, 677–680, 1979.
Eppley, R. W. and Renger, E. H.: Nanomolar increase in surface layer
nitrate concentration following a small wind event, Deep-Sea Res., 35,
1119–1125, 1988.
Eppley, R. W., Garside, C., Renger, E. H., and Orellana, E.: Variability of
nitrate concentration in nitrogen-depleted subtropical surface waters, Mar.
Biol., 107, 53–60, 1990.
Falkowski, P. G. and Raven, J. A.: Aquatic photosynthesis, 2nd edn.,
Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2007.
Fanning, K. A.: Nutrient provinces in the sea: concentration ratios,
reaction rate ratios, and ideal covariation, J. Geophys. Res., 97,
5693–5712, 1992.
Garside, C.: The vertical distribution of nitrate in open ocean surface
water, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 32, 723–732, 1985.
Girault, M., Arakawa, H., Barani, A., Ceccaldi, H. J., Hashihama, F., Kinouchi, S., and Gregori, G.: Distribution of ultraphytoplankton in the western part of the North Pacific subtropical gyre during a strong La Niña condition: relationship with the hydrological conditions, Biogeosciences, 10, 5947–5965, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5947-2013, 2013.
Girault, M., Arakawa, H., Barani, A., Ceccaldi, H. J., Hashihama, F., and Gregori, G.: Heterotrophic prokaryote distribution along a 2300 km transect in the North Pacific subtropical gyre during a strong La Niña conditions: relationship between distribution and hydrological conditions, Biogeosciences, 12, 3607–3621, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3607-2015, 2015.
Gruber, N. and Sarmiento, J. L.: Global patterns of marine nitrogen
fixation and denitrification, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 11, 235–266, 1997.
Hansen, H. P. and Koroleff, F.: Determination of nutrients, in: Methods of
Seawater Analysis, 3rd edn., edited by: Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., and
Ehrhardt, D., Wiley, Weinheim, 159–228, 1999.
Hashihama, F. and Kanda, J.: Automated colorimetric determination of trace
silicic acid in seawater by gas-segmented continuous flow analysis with a
liquid waveguide capillary cell, La mer, 47, 119–127, 2010.
Hashihama, F., Horimoto, N., Kanda, J., Furuya, K., Ishimaru, T., and Saino,
T.: Temporal variation in phytoplankton composition related to water mass
properties in the central part of Sagami Bay, J. Oceanogr., 64, 23–37, 2008.
Hashihama, F., Furuya, K., Kitajima, S., Takeda, S., Takemura, T., and
Kanda, J.: Macro-scale exhaustion of surface phosphate by dinitrogen
fixation in the western North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03610, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036866, 2009.
Hashihama, F., Sato, M., Takeda, S., Kanda, J., and Furuya, K.: Mesoscale
decrease of surface phosphate and associated phytoplankton dynamics in the
vicinity of the subtropical South Pacific islands, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 57,
338–350, 2010.
Hashihama, F., Kanda, J., Maeda, Y., Ogawa, H., and Furuya, K.: Selective
depressions of surface silicic acid within cyclonic mesoscale eddies in the
oligotrophic western North Pacific, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 90, 115–124, 2014.
Hashihama, F., Kanda, J., Tauchi, A., Kodama, T., Saito, H., and Furuya, K.:
Liquid waveguide spectrophotometric measurement of nanomolar ammonium in
seawater based on the indophenol reaction with o-phenylphenol (OPP), Talanta, 143, 374–380, 2015.
Hashihama, F., Suwa, S., Kanda, J., Ehama, M., Sakuraba, R., Kinouchi, S.,
Sato, M., Yamaguchi, T., Saito, H., Ogura, Y., Hayashi, T., Mori, H.,
Kurokawa, K., Suzuki, S., and Hamasaki, K.: Arsenate and microbial dynamics
in different phosphorus regimes of the subtropical Pacific Ocean, Prog.
Oceanogr., 176, 102115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.05.007, 2019.
Hashihama, F., Saito, H., Shiozaki, T., Ehama, M., Suwa, S., Sugiyama, T.,
Kato, H., Kanda, J., Sato, M., Kodama, T., Yamaguchi, T., Horii, S., Tanita,
I., Takino, S., Takahashi, K., Ogawa, H., Boyd, P. W., and Furuya, K.:
Biogeochemical controls of particulate phosphorus distribution across the
oligotrophic subtropical Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34,
e2020GB006669, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006669, 2020.
Hill, P. G., Mary, I., Purdie, D. A., and Zubkov, M. V.: Similarity in
microbial amino acid uptake in surface waters of the North and South
Atlantic (sub-)tropical gyres, Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 437–446, 2011.
Horii, S., Takahashi, K., Shiozaki, T., Hashihama, F., and Furuya, K.:
Stable isotopic evidence for the differential contribution of diazotrophs to
the epipelagic grazing food chain in the mid-Pacific Ocean, Global Ecol.
Biogeogr., 27, 1467–1480, 2018.
Jiang, S., Hashihama, F., and Saito, H.: Phytoplankton growth and grazing
mortality through the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific, J. Oceanogr., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00580-4, online first, 2021.
Jickells, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G.,
Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata,
H., Kubilay, N., laRoche, J., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M.,
Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.: Global iron concentrations
between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308,
67–71, 2005.
Johnson, K. S., Riser, S. C., and Karl, D. M.: Nitrate supply from deep to
near-surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre, Nature, 465,
1062–1065, 2010.
Kanda, J., Saino, T., and Hattori, A.: Nitrogen uptake by natural
populations of phytoplankton and primary production in the Pacific Ocean:
Regional variability of uptake capacity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 30, 987–999,
1985.
Karl, D. M.: Nutrient dynamics in the deep blue sea, TRENDS Microbiol., 10,
410–418, 2002.
Karl, D. M. and Björkman, K. M.: Dynamics of dissolved organic
phosphorus, in: Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, edited
by: Hansell, D. A. and Carlson, C. A., Academic Press, Burlington, 233–334,
2015.
Karl, D. M., Church, M. J., Dore, J. E., Letelier, R. M., and Mahaffey, C.:
Predictable and efficient carbon sequestration in the North Pacific Ocean
supported by symbiotic nitrogen fixation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109,
1842–1849, 2012.
Kitajima, S., Furuya, K., Hashihama, F., Takeda, S., and Kanda, J.:
Latitudinal distribution of diazotrophs and their nitrogen fixation in the
tropical and subtropical western North Pacific, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54,
537–547, 2009.
Krause, J. W., Brzezinski, M. A., Villareal, T. A., and Wilson, C.: Biogenic
silica cycling during summer phytoplankton blooms in the North Pacific
subtropical gyre, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 71, 49–60, 2013.
Lampe, R. H., Wang, S., Cassar, N., and Marchetti, A.: Strategies among
phytoplankton in response to alleviation of nutrient stress in a subtropical
gyre, The ISME journal, 13, 2984–2997, 2019.
Lomas, M. W. and Lipschultz, F.: Forming the primary nitrite maximum:
Nitrifiers or phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 2453–2467, 2006.
Lomas, M. W., Bonachela, J. A., Levin, S. A., and Martiny, A. C.: Impact of
ocean phytoplankton diversity on phosphate uptake, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 17540–17545, 2014.
Mahaffey, C., Björkman, K. M., and Karl, D. M.: Phytoplankton response
to deep seawater nutrient addition in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 460, 13–34, 2012.
Martin, P., Dyhrman, S. T., Lomas, M. W., Poulton, N. J., and Van Mooy, B.
A.: Accumulation and enhanced cycling of polyphosphate by Sargasso Sea
plankton in response to low phosphorus, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111,
8089–8094, 2014.
Martiny, A. C., Pham, C. T. A., Primeau, F. W., Vrugt, J. A., Moore, J. K.,
Levin, S. A., and Lomas, M. W.: Strong latitudinal patterns in the elemental
ratios of marine plankton and organic matter, Nat. Geosci., 6, 279–283,
2013.
Martiny, A. C., Lomas, M. W., Fu, W., Boyd, P. W., Chen, Y.-l. L., Cutter,
G. A., Ellwood, M. J., Furuya, K., Hashihama, F., Kanda, J., Karl, D. M.,
Kodama, T., Li, Q. P., Ma, J., Moutin, T., Woodward, E. M. S., and Moore, J.
K.: Biogeochemical controls of surface ocean phosphate, Sci. Adv., 5,
eaax0341, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0341, 2019.
McGillicuddy Jr., D. J., Anderson, L. A., Bates, N. R., Bibby, T.,
Buesseler, K. O., Carlson, C. A., Davis, C. S., Ewart, C., Falkowski, P. G.,
Goldthwait, S. A., Hansell, D. A., Jenkins, W. J., Johnson, R., Kosnyrev, V.
K., Ledwell, J. R., Li, Q. P., Siegel, D. A., and Steinberg, D. K.:
Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms,
Science, 316, 1021–1026, 2007.
Michaels, A. F., Bates, N. R., Buesseler, K. O., Carlson, C. A., and Knap,
A. H.: Carbon-cycle imbalances in the Sargasso Sea, Nature, 372, 537–540,
1994.
Miller, J. C. and Miller, J. N.: Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, 2nd
edn, Ellis Horwood, New York, 1993.
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Langlois, R., Milne, A., Achterberg, E. P.,
LaRoche, J., and Geider, R. J.: Relative influence of nitrogen and
phosphorus availability on phytoplankton physiology and productivity in the
oligotrophic sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53,
291–305, 2008.
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd,
P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., Jickells,
T. D., Roche, J. L., Lenton, T. M., Mahowald, N. M., Marañón, E.,
Marinov, I., Moore, J. K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M. A.,
Thingstad, T. F., Tsuda, A., and Ulloa, O.: Processes and patterns of
oceanic nutrient limitation, Nat. Geosci., 6, 701–710, 2013.
Moreno, A. R. and Martiny, A. C.: Ecological Stoichiometry of Ocean Plankton, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 10, 43–69, 2018.
Nishioka, J., Nakatsuka, T., Watanabe, Y. W., Yasuda, I., Kuma, K., Ogawa,
H., Ebuchi, N., Scherbinin, A., Volkov, Y. N., Shiraiwa, T., and Wakatsuchi,
M.: Intensive mixing along an island chain controls oceanic biogeochemical
cycles, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 920–929, 2013.
Nishioka, J., Obata, H., Ogawa, H., Ono, K., Yamashita, Y., Lee, K., Takeda,
S., and Yasuda, I.: Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through
the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 12665–12673, 2020.
Paulmier, A. and Ruiz-Pino, D.: Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the modern
ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 80, 113–128, 2009.
Redfield, A. C.: The biological control of chemical factors in the
environment, Am. Sci., 46, 205–221, 1958.
Rii, Y. M., Bidigare, R. R., and Church, M. J.: Differential responses of
eukaryotic phytoplankton to nitrogenous nutrients in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre, Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 92, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00092, 2018.
Robidart, J. C., Magasin, J. D., Shilova, I. N., Turk-Kubo, K. A., Wilson,
S. T., Karl, D. M., Scholin, C. A., and Zehr, J. P.: Effects of nutrient
enrichment on surface microbial community gene expression in the
oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, The ISME journal, 13, 374–387,
2019.
Saito, H.: The Kuroshio: its recognition, scientific activities and emerging
issues, in: Kuroshio Current, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H., Suzuki, K.,
and Takahashi, M., AGU-Wiley Geophysical Monograph, 243, 3–11, 2019.
Sarmiento, J. L. and Gruber, N.: Organic matter production, in: Ocean
Biogeochemical Dynamics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 102–172,
2006.
Sato, M. and Hashihama, F.: Assessment of potential phagotrophy by pico-
and nanophytoplankton in the North Pacific Ocean using flow cytometry,
Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 82, 275–288, 2019.
Sato, M., Hashihama, F., Kitajima, S., Takeda, S., and Furuya, K.: Distribution of nano-sized Cyanobacteria in the western and central Pacific Ocean, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 59, 273–282, 2010.
Sato, M., Sakuraba, R., and Hashihama, F.: Phosphate monoesterase and diesterase activities in the North and South Pacific Ocean, Biogeosciences, 10, 7677–7688, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7677-2013, 2013.
Sato, M., Kodama, T., Hashihama, F., and Furuya, K.: The effects of diel
cycles and temperature on size distributions of pico- and nanophytoplankton
in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean, Plankton Benthos Res., 10,
26–33, 2015.
Sato, M., Shiozaki, T., and Hashihama, F.: Distribution of mixotrophic
nanoflagellates along the latitudinal transect of the central North Pacific,
J. Oceanogr., 73, 159–168, 2016.
Shilova, I. N., Mills, M. M., Robidart, J. C., Turk-Kubo, K. A.,
Björkman, K. M., Kolber, Z., Rapp, I., van Dijken, G. L., Church, M. J.,
Arrigo, K. R., Achterberg, E. P., and Zehr, J. P.: Differential effects of
nitrate, ammonium, and urea as N sources for microbial communities in the
North Pacific Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 62, 2550–2574, 2017.
Shiozaki, T., Furuya, K., Kodama, T., and Takeda, S.: Contribution of
N2 fixation to new production in the western North Pacific Ocean along 155∘ E, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 377, 19–32, 2009.
Shiozaki, T., Furuya, K., Kodama, T., Kitajima, S., Takeda, S., Takemura,
T., and Kanda, J.: New estimation of N2 fixation in the western and
central Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24,
GB1015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003620, 2010.
Shiozaki, T., Kodama, T., and Furuya, K.: Large-scale impact of the island
mass effect through nitrogen fixation in the western South Pacific Ocean,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2907–2913, 2014.
Shiozaki, T., Ijichi, M., Isobe, K., Hashihama, F., Nakamura, K., Ehama, M.,
Hayashizaki, K., Takahashi, K., Hamasaki, K., and Furuya, K.: Nitrification
and its influence on biogeochemical cycles from the equatorial Pacific to
the Arctic Ocean, The ISME journal, 10, 2184–2197, 2016.
Shiozaki, T., Bombar, D., Riemann, L., Hashihama, F., Takeda, S., Yamaguchi,
T., Ehama, M., Hamasaki, K., and Furuya, K.: Basin scale variability of
active diazotrophs and nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific, from the
tropics to the subarctic Bering Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 996–1009, 2017.
Shiozaki, T., Bombar, D., Riemann, L., Sato, M., Hashihama, F., Kodama, T.,
Tanita, I., Takeda, S., Saito, H., Hamasaki, K., and Furuya, K.: Linkage
between dinitrogen fixation and primary production in the oligotrophic South
Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 1028–1044, 2018.
Sipler, R. E. and Bronk, D. A.: Dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen, in:
Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, edited by: Hansell, D.
A. and Carlson, C. A., Academic Press, Burlington, 127–232, 2015.
Suzuki, R. and Ishimaru, T.: An improved method for the determination of
phytoplankton chlorophyll using N,N-Dimethylformamide, Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 46, 190–194, 1990.
Takeda, S.: Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of
diatoms in oceanic waters, Nature, 393, 774–777, 1998.
Takeda, S. and Obata, H.: Response of equatorial Pacific phytoplankton to
subnanomolar Fe enrichment, Mar. Chem. 50, 219–227, 1995.
Toyoda, T. and Okamoto, S.: Physical forcing of late summer chlorophyll a
blooms in the oligotrophic eastern North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
122, 1849–1861, 2017.
Utermöhl, H.: Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen
Phytolankton-Methodik, Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie: Mitteilungen, 9, 1–39, 1958.
Villareal, T. A., Brown, C. G., Brzezinski, M. A., Krause, J. W., and
Wilson, C.: Summer diatom blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre:
2008–2009, PLoS ONE, 7, e33109, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033109, 2012.
Wagener, T., Guieu, C., Losno, R., Bonnet, S., and Mahowald, N.: Revisiting
atmospheric dust export to the Southern Hemisphere ocean: Biogeochemical
implications, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB2006,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002984, 2008.
Waterbury, J. B., Watson, S. W., Guillard, R. R. L., and Brand, L. E.:
Widespread occurrence of a unicellular, marine planktonic, cyanobacterium,
Nature, 277, 293–294, 1979.
Wilson, C.: Chlorophyll anomalies along the critical latitude at
30∘ N in the NE Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15603,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048210, 2011.
Wilson, C. and Qiu, X.: Global distribution of summer chlorophyll blooms in
the oligotrophic gyres, Prog. Oceanogr., 78, 107–134, 2008.
Wilson, C., Villareal, T. A., Brzezinski, M. A., Krause, J. W., and
Shcherbina, A. Y.: Chlorophyll bloom development and the subtropical front
in the North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 1473–1488, 2013.
Woodward, E. M. S.: Nanomolar detection for phosphate and nitrate using
liquid waveguide technology, Eos T. Am. Geophys. Un., Vo. 83, 2002.
Yamaguchi, T., Sato, M., Hashihama, F., Ehama, M., Shiozaki, T., Takahashi,
K., and Furuya, K.: Basin-scale variations in labile dissolved phosphoric
monoesters and diesters in the central North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 124, 3058–3072, 2019.
Yamaguchi, T., Sato, M., Hashihama, F., Kato, H., Sugiyama, T., Ogawa, H.,
Takahashi, K., and Furuya, K.: Longitudinal and vertical variations of
dissolved labile phosphoric monoesters and diesters in the subtropical North
Pacific, Front. Microbiol., 11, 570081, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.570081, 2021.
Yasui, S., Kanda, J., Usui, T., and Ogawa, H.: Seasonal variations of
dissolved organic matter and nutrients in sediment pore water in the inner
part of Tokyo Bay, J. Oceanogr., 72, 851–866, 2016.
Yasui-Tamura, S., Hashihama, F., Ogawa, H., Nishimura, T., and Kanda, J.:
Automated simultaneous determination of total dissolved nitrogen and
phosphorus in seawater by persulfate oxidation method, Talanta Open, 2,
100016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2020.100016, 2020.
Yokokawa, T., Yang, Y., Motegi, C., and Nagata, T.: Large-scale geographical
variation in prokaryotic abundance and production in meso- and bathypelagic
zones of the central Pacific and Southern Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58,
61–73, 2013.
Zapata, M., Rodríguez, F., and Garrido, J. L.: Separation of
chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton: a new HPLC method
using a reversed phase C8 column and pyridine-containing mobile phases, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 195, 29–45, 2000.
Zubkov, M. V., Tarran, G. A., and Fuchs, B. M.: Depth related amino acid
uptake by Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria in the Southern Atlantic tropical gyre, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 50, 153–161, 2004.
Short summary
We investigated the nutrient assimilation characteristics of deep-water-induced phytoplankton blooms across the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. Nutrient drawdown ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphate were anomalously low in the western North Pacific, likely due to the high phosphate uptake capability of low-phosphate-adapted phytoplankton. The anomalous phosphate uptake might influence the maintenance of chronic phosphate depletion in the western North Pacific.
We investigated the nutrient assimilation characteristics of deep-water-induced phytoplankton...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint