Articles | Volume 19, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Nov 2022
Research article |
| 18 Nov 2022
| 18 Nov 2022
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Zuozhu Wen
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean
Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Thomas J. Browning
Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean
Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Rongbo Dai
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Wenwei Wu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Weiying Li
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
present address: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second
Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, PR China
Xiaohua Hu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Wenfang Lin
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Lifang Wang
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Zhimian Cao
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Haizheng Hong
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Dalin Shi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
Related authors
Zuozhu Wen, Ruotong Jiang, Tianli He, Thomas Browning, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-775, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-775, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The isotope effect of biological N2 fixation is a key parameter for understanding the nitrogen cycle, however, little is known about its regulatory mechanisms. Here we show for the first time that CO2 exerts important controls on the N isotopic composition in diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera, through the controls on nitrogenase enzyme efficiency. This study provides insights into understanding the fluctuations of δ15N records, and thus the past nitrogen cycle.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Yuye Han, Zvi Steiner, Zhimian Cao, Di Fan, Junhui Chen, Jimin Yu, and Minhan Dai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3492, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3492, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophore calcite accounts for a major fraction of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) standing stocks in the western North Pacific, with a markedly higher contribution in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre than in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region, which highlights the importance of coccolithophores for PIC production in the pelagic ocean. We also found extensive dissolution of coccolithophore calcite in the oversaturated shallow waters primarily driven by microbial metabolic activity.
Zuozhu Wen, Ruotong Jiang, Tianli He, Thomas Browning, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-775, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-775, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The isotope effect of biological N2 fixation is a key parameter for understanding the nitrogen cycle, however, little is known about its regulatory mechanisms. Here we show for the first time that CO2 exerts important controls on the N isotopic composition in diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera, through the controls on nitrogenase enzyme efficiency. This study provides insights into understanding the fluctuations of δ15N records, and thus the past nitrogen cycle.
Yanmin Wang, Xianghui Guo, Guizhi Wang, Lifang Wang, Tao Huang, Yan Li, Zhe Wang, and Minhan Dai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3155, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3155, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports higher nutrient release in fish farming system compared to river inputs and other sources with implications for coastal environment. DIN and DIP variation in Sansha Bay are dominated by mariculture activity relative to river input during spring. The N/P budget shows that 52.8 ± 4.7 % of DIN and 33.0 ± 3.7 % of DIP released from fish feeds exceeded other nutrient inputs. Co-culture strategies (e.g., of fish, kelp and oysters) allow effective mitigation of environmental impacts.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Guang Gao, Tifeng Wang, Jiazhen Sun, Xin Zhao, Lifang Wang, Xianghui Guo, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences, 19, 2795–2804, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2795-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2795-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
After conducting large-scale deck-incubation experiments, we found that seawater acidification (SA) increased primary production (PP) in coastal waters but reduced it in pelagic zones, which is mainly regulated by local pH, light intensity, salinity, and community structure. In future oceans, SA combined with decreased upward transports of nutrients may synergistically reduce PP in pelagic zones.
Neil J. Wyatt, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Heather A. Bouman, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 18, 4265–4280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using data collected during two expeditions to the South Atlantic Ocean, we investigated how the interaction between external sources and biological activity influenced the availability of the trace metals zinc and cobalt. This is important as both metals play essential roles in the metabolism and growth of phytoplankton and thus influence primary productivity of the oceans. We found seasonal changes in both processes that helped explain upper-ocean trace metal cycling.
Maximiliano J. Vergara-Jara, Mark J. Hopwood, Thomas J. Browning, Insa Rapp, Rodrigo Torres, Brian Reid, Eric P. Achterberg, and José Luis Iriarte
Ocean Sci., 17, 561–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ash from the Calbuco 2015 eruption spread across northern Patagonia, the SE Pacific and the SW Atlantic. In the Pacific, a phytoplankton bloom corresponded closely to the volcanic ash plume, suggesting that ash fertilized this region of the ocean. No such fertilization was found in the Atlantic where nutrients plausibly supplied by ash were likely already in excess of phytoplankton demand. In Patagonia, the May bloom was more intense than usual, but the mechanistic link to ash was less clear.
Robyn E. Tuerena, Raja S. Ganeshram, Matthew P. Humphreys, Thomas J. Browning, Heather Bouman, and Alexander P. Piotrowski
Biogeosciences, 16, 3621–3635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3621-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3621-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon isotopes in algae can be used to predict food sources and environmental change. We explore how dissolved carbon is taken up by algae in the South Atlantic Ocean and how this affects their carbon isotope signature. We find that cell size controls isotope fractionation. We use our results to investigate how climate change may impact the carbon isotopes in algae. We suggest a shift to smaller algae in this region would decrease the carbon isotope ratio at the base of the food web.
Yangyang Lu, Zuozhu Wen, Dalin Shi, Mingming Chen, Yao Zhang, Sophie Bonnet, Yuhang Li, Jiwei Tian, and Shuh-Ji Kao
Biogeosciences, 15, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the light response of field Trichodesmium N2 fixation and net dissolved nitrogen release behavior. Our results suggest that N2 fixation was a function of light intensity, and the light requirement of Trichodesmium nitrogen fixation was high relative to its photosynthetic light demand. Meanwhile, light is a crucial parameter driving the physiological state of Trichodesmium, which subsequently determined the C / N metabolism and net dissolved nitrogen release.
Jianzhong Su, Minhan Dai, Biyan He, Lifang Wang, Jianping Gan, Xianghui Guo, Huade Zhao, and Fengling Yu
Biogeosciences, 14, 4085–4099, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4085-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4085-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We provide direct and quantitative assessments showing the marine organic matter from eutrophication-induced primary production dominated oxygen consumption in the hypoxic zone, while the terrestrially sourced organic matter also significantly contributed to the formation and maintenance of hypoxia in the lower Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent coastal water.
T. Shiozaki, S. Takeda, S. Itoh, T. Kodama, X. Liu, F. Hashihama, and K. Furuya
Biogeosciences, 12, 6931–6943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The high abundance of Trichodesmium and active nitrogen fixation in the Kuroshio were not explained by the nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, and iron) distribution. We observed a Trichodesmium bloom and high nitrogen fixation near islands situated along the Kuroshio. Numerical particle-tracking experiments simulated the transportation of water around the Ryukyu Islands to the Kuroshio. Our results indicate that Trichodesmium growing around the Ryukyu Islands could be advected into the Kuroshio.
Z. Cao, M. Dai, W. Evans, J. Gan, and R. Feely
Biogeosciences, 11, 6341–6354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6341-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6341-2014, 2014
C. Du, Z. Liu, M. Dai, S.-J. Kao, Z. Cao, Y. Zhang, T. Huang, L. Wang, and Y. Li
Biogeosciences, 10, 6419–6432, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6419-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6419-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Sedimentary organic matter signature hints at the phytoplankton-driven biological carbon pump in the central Arabian Sea
Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial patterns on the climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry
Assessing the tropical Atlantic biogeochemical processes in the Norwegian Earth System Model
Evolution of oxygen and stratification and their relationship in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth system models
Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance in simulating historical biogeochemistry across the southern South China Sea
Drivers of decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink in the past, present, and future in Earth system models
Anthropogenic carbon storage and its decadal changes in the Atlantic between 1990–2020
Ocean alkalinity enhancement impacts: regrowth of marine microalgae in alkaline mineral concentrations simulating the initial concentrations after ship-based dispersions
Climatic controls on metabolic constraints in the ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Ocean Acidification trends and Carbonate System dynamics in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre during 2009–2019
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
Influence of GEOTRACES data distribution and misfit function choice on objective parameter retrieval in a marine zinc cycle model
Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth system models
Early winter barium excess in the southern Indian Ocean as an annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Controlling factors on the global distribution of a representative marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph phylotype (Gamma A)
Summer trends and drivers of sea surface fCO2 and pH changes observed in the southern Indian Ocean over the last two decades (1998–2019)
Global nutrient cycling by commercially targeted marine fish
Major processes of the dissolved cobalt cycle in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean
Medhavi Pandey, Haimanti Biswas, Daniel Birgel, Nicole Burdanowitz, and Birgit Gaye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4681–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed sea surface temperature (SST) proxy and plankton biomarkers in sediments that accumulate sinking material signatures from surface waters in the central Arabian Sea (21°–11° N, 64° E), a tropical basin impacted by monsoons. We saw a north–south SST gradient, and the biological proxies showed more organic matter from larger algae in the north. Smaller algae and zooplankton were more numerous in the south. These trends were related to ocean–atmospheric processes and oxygen availability.
Allison Hogikyan and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 21, 4621–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising atmospheric CO2 influences ocean carbon chemistry, leading to ocean acidification. Global warming introduces spatial patterns in the intensity of ocean acidification. We show that the most prominent spatial patterns are controlled by warming-driven changes in rainfall and evaporation, not by the direct effect of warming on carbon chemistry and pH. These evaporation and rainfall patterns oppose acidification in saltier parts of the ocean and enhance acidification in fresher regions.
Shunya Koseki, Lander R. Crespo, Jerry Tjiputra, Filippa Fransner, Noel S. Keenlyside, and David Rivas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4149–4168, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how the physical biases of an Earth system model influence the marine biogeochemical processes in the tropical Atlantic. With four different configurations of the model, we have shown that the versions with better SST reproduction tend to better represent the primary production and air–sea CO2 flux in terms of climatology, seasonal cycle, and response to climate variability.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences, 21, 3985–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and analyzed its predictability, a strong O2–IPV connection, and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This opens new routes for monitoring ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Winfred Marshal, Jing Xiang Chung, Nur Hidayah Roseli, Roswati Md Amin, and Mohd Fadzil Bin Mohd Akhir
Biogeosciences, 21, 4007–4035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study stands out for thoroughly examining CMIP6 ESMs' ability to simulate biogeochemical variables in the southern South China Sea, an economically important region. It assesses variables like chlorophyll, phytoplankton, nitrate, and oxygen on annual and seasonal scales. While global assessments exist, this study addresses a gap by objectively ranking 13 CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry models' performance at a regional level, focusing on replicating specific observed biogeochemical variables.
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 21, 3903–3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the ocean’s importance in the carbon cycle and hence the climate, observing the ocean carbon sink remains challenging. Here, I use an ensemble of 12 models to understand drivers of decadal trends of the past, present, and future ocean carbon sink. I show that 80 % of the decadal trends in the multi-model mean ocean carbon sink can be explained by changes in decadal trends in atmospheric CO2. The remaining 20 % are due to internal climate variability and ocean heat uptake.
Reiner Steinfeldt, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke
Biogeosciences, 21, 3839–3867, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the amount of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Atlantic for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Cant is the carbon that is taken up by the ocean as a result of humanmade CO2 emissions. To determine the amount of Cant, we apply a technique that is based on the observations of other humanmade gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons). Regionally, changes in ocean ventilation have an impact on the storage of Cant. Overall, the increase in Cant is driven by the rising CO2 in the atmosphere.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, August E. Dessen Tobiesen, Andrew L. King, and Erik Höglund
Biogeosciences, 21, 3677–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the ocean might reduce excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amounts because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating the expected concentrations from a ship's dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
Biogeosciences, 21, 3477–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that capture the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen and a CESM1 large ensemble to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitats in the future. We find that warming and dissolved oxygen loss over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitats and will increase organisms' vulnerability to extremes.
Charly A. Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart T. Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai G. Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3463–3475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain sizes dissolved faster but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain sizes are optimal for kinetics.
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
Biogeosciences, 21, 3121–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification are sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and in size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
David Curbelo-Hernández, Fiz F. Pérez, Melchor González-Dávila, Sergey V. Gladyshev, Aridane G. González, David González-Santana, Antón Velo, Alexey Sokov, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1388, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluated CO2-carbonate system dynamics in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre from 2009 to 2019. Significant ocean acidification, largely due to rising anthropogenic CO2 levels, was found. Cooling, freshening, and enhanced convective processes intensified this trend, affecting calcite and aragonite saturation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Ocean Acidification and improve our knowledge about its impact on marine ecosystems.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Claudia Eisenring, Sophy E. Oliver, Samar Khatiwala, and Gregory F. de Souza
Biogeosciences, 19, 5079–5106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Given the sparsity of observational constraints on micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), we assess the sensitivities of a framework for objective parameter optimisation in an oceanic Zn cycling model. Our ensemble of optimisations towards synthetic data with varying kinds of uncertainty shows that deficiencies related to model complexity and the choice of the misfit function generally have a greater impact on the retrieval of model Zn uptake behaviour than does the limitation of data coverage.
Yoshikazu Sasai, Sherwood Lan Smith, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4865–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the adaptive response of phytoplankton growth to changing light, nutrients, and temperature over the North Pacific using two physical-biological models. We compare modeled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible control model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C):nitrogen (N):chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C:N:Chl ratios.
Jens Terhaar, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4431–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of the ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon vary across various approaches. We show that the global ocean carbon sink can be estimated by three parameters, two of which approximate the ocean ventilation in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and one of which approximates the chemical capacity of the ocean to take up carbon. With observations of these parameters, we estimate that the global ocean carbon sink is 10 % larger than previously assumed, and we cut uncertainties in half.
Natasha René van Horsten, Hélène Planquette, Géraldine Sarthou, Thomas James Ryan-Keogh, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Thato Nicholas Mtshali, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Eva Bucciarelli
Biogeosciences, 19, 3209–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remineralisation proxy, barite, was measured along 30°E in the southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter. To our knowledge this is the first reported Southern Ocean winter study. Concentrations throughout the water column were comparable to observations during spring to autumn. By linking satellite primary production to this proxy a possible annual timescale is proposed. These findings also suggest possible carbon remineralisation from satellite data on a basin scale.
Zhibo Shao and Ya-Wei Luo
Biogeosciences, 19, 2939–2952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) may be an important player in fixing N2 in the ocean. By conducting meta-analyses, we found that a representative marine NCD phylotype, Gamma A, tends to inhabit ocean environments with high productivity, low iron concentration and high light intensity. It also appears to be more abundant inside cyclonic eddies. Our study suggests a niche differentiation of NCDs from cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the latter prefers low-productivity and high-iron oceans.
Coraline Leseurre, Claire Lo Monaco, Gilles Reverdin, Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, and Léa Benito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2599–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Decadal trends of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total carbon (CT) and pH in surface waters are investigated in different domains of the southern Indian Ocean (45°S–57°S) from ongoing and station observations regularly conducted in summer over the period 1998–2019. The fCO2 increase and pH decrease are mainly driven by anthropogenic CO2 estimated just below the summer mixed layer, as well as by a warming south of the polar front or in the fertilized waters near Kerguelen Island.
Priscilla Le Mézo, Jérôme Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, and Eric Galbraith
Biogeosciences, 19, 2537–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the role of commercially targeted fish biomass in the cycling of three important nutrients (N, P, and Fe), relative to nutrients otherwise available in water and to nutrients required by primary producers, and the impact of fishing. We use a model of commercially targeted fish biomass constrained by fish catch and stock assessment data to assess the contributions of fish at the global scale, at the time of the global peak catch and prior to industrial fishing.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Cited articles
Arrigo, K. R.: Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles, Nature,
437, 349–355, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04158, 2005.
Berman-Frank, I., Cullen, J. T., Shaked, Y., Sherrell, R. M., and Falkowski,
P.: Iron availability, cellular iron quotas, and nitrogen fixation in
Trichodesmium, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1249–1260, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.6.1249, 2001.
Bonnet, S., Baklouti, M., Gimenez, A., Berthelot, H., and Berman-Frank, I.: Biogeochemical and biological impacts of diazotroph blooms in a low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll ecosystem: synthesis from the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia), Biogeosciences, 13, 4461–4479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4461-2016, 2016.
Bonnet, S., Caffin, M., Berthelot, H., Grosso, O., Benavides, M., Helias-Nunige, S., Guieu, C., Stenegren, M., and Foster, R. A.: In-depth characterization of diazotroph activity across the western tropical South Pacific hotspot of N2 fixation (OUTPACE cruise), Biogeosciences, 15, 4215–4232, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4215-2018, 2018.
Böttjer, D., Dore, J. E., Karl, D. M., Letelier, R. M., Mahaffey, C.,
Wilson, S. T., Zehr, J. P., and Church, M. J.: Temporal variability of
nitrogen fixation and particulate nitrogen export at Station ALOHA, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 62, 200–216, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10386, 2016.
Browning, T. J., Achterberg, E. P., Yong, J. C., Rapp, I., Utermann, C.,
Engel, A., and Moore, C. M.: Iron limitation of microbial phosphorus
acquisition in the tropical North Atlantic, Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 8,
15465, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15465, 2017.
Cerdan-Garcia, E., Baylay, A., Polyviou, D., Woodward, E. M. S., Wrightson,
L., Mahaffey, C., Lohan, M. C., Moore, C. M., Bibby, T. S., and Robidart, J.
C.: Transcriptional responses of Trichodesmium to natural inverse gradients of Fe and P
availability, ISME J., 16, 1055–1064, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01151-1, 2022.
Chen, M., Lu, Y., Jiao, N., Tian, J., Kao, S. J., and Zhang, Y.:
Biogeographic drivers of diazotrophs in the western Pacific Ocean, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 64, 1403–1421, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11123, 2019.
Chen, Y. L. L., Chen, H. Y., and Lin, Y. H.: Distribution and downward flux
of Trichodesmium in the South China Sea as influenced by the transport from the Kuroshio
Current, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 259, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps259047, 2003.
Chen, Y. L. L., Chen, H. Y., Tuo, S. H., and Ohki, K.: Seasonal dynamics of
new production from Trichodesmium N2 fixation and nitrate uptake in the upstream
Kuroshio and South China Sea basin, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 1705–1721,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1705, 2008.
Chen, Y. L. L., Chen, H. Y., Lin, Y. H., Yong, T. C., Taniuchi, Y., and Tuo,
S. H.: The relative contributions of unicellular and filamentous diazotrophs
to N2 fixation in the South China Sea and the upstream Kuroshio, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 85, 56–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2013.11.006, 2014.
Church, M. J., Jenkins, B. D., Karl, D. M., and Zehr, J. P.: Vertical
distributions of nitrogen fixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic
North Pacific Ocean, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 38, 3–14, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame038003
2005a.
Church, M. J., Short, C. M., Jenkins, B. D., Karl, D. M., and Zehr, J. P.:
Temporal patterns of nitrogenase gene (nifH) expression in the oligotrophic
North Pacific Ocean, Appl. Environ. Microb., 71, 5362–5370,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.9.5362-5370.2005, 2005b.
Church, M. J., Björkman, K., and Karl, D.: Regional distributions of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the Pacific Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 63–77,
2008.
Dekaezemacker, J., Bonnet, S., Grosso, O., Moutin, T., Bressac, M., and
Capone, D. G.: Evidence of active dinitrogen fixation in surface waters of
the eastern tropical South Pacific during El Niño and La Niña events
and evaluation of its potential nutrient controls, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 27, 768–779, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20063, 2013.
Du, C., Liu, Z., Dai, M., Kao, S.-J., Cao, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, T., Wang, L., and Li, Y.: Impact of the Kuroshio intrusion on the nutrient inventory in the upper northern South China Sea: insights from an isopycnal mixing model, Biogeosciences, 10, 6419–6432, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6419-2013, 2013.
Duce, R. A., Liss, P. S., Merrill, J. T., Atlas, E. L., Buat-Menard, P.,
Hicks, B. B., Miller, J. M., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., Church, T. M.,
Ellis, W., Galloway, J. N., Hansen, L., Jickells, T. D., Knap, A. H.,
Reinhardt, K. H., Schneider, B., Soudine, A., Tokos, J. J., Tsunogai, S.,
Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.: The atmospheric input of trace species to the
world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 5, 193–259, https://doi.org/10.1029/91gb01778, 1991.
Dutkiewicz, S., Ward, B. A., Scott, J. R., and Follows, M. J.: Understanding predicted shifts in diazotroph biogeography using resource competition theory, Biogeosciences, 11, 5445–5461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5445-2014, 2014.
Farnelid, H., Turk-Kubo, K., Muñoz-Marín, M. C., and Zehr, J. P.:
New insights into the ecology of the globally significant uncultured
nitrogen-fixing symbiont UCYN-A, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 77, 125–138,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01794, 2016.
Göran, E. and Cooper, S. D.: Scale effects and extrapolation in
ecological experiments, Adv. Ecol. Res., 33, 161–213,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(03)33011-9, 2003.
Grabowski, M. N. W., Church, M. J., and Karl, D. M.: Nitrogen fixation rates
and controls at Stn ALOHA, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 52, 175–183,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01209, 2008.
Gruber, N.: Warming up, turning sour, losing breath: ocean biogeochemistry
under global change, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 369, 1980–1996,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0003, 2011.
Gruber, N. and Galloway, J. N.: An Earth-system perspective of the global
nitrogen cycle, Nature, 451, 293–296, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06592, 2008.
Guo, L., Xiu, P., Chai, F., Xue, H. J., Wang, D. X., and Sun, J.: Enhanced
chlorophyll concentrations induced by Kuroshio intrusion fronts in the
northern South China Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11565–11572,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075336, 2017.
Hama, T., Miyazaki, T., Ogawa, Y., Iwakuma, T., Takahashi, M., Otsuki, A.,
and Ichimura, S.: Measurement of photosynthetic production of a marine
phytoplankton population using a stable 13C isotope, Mar. Biol., 73,
31–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396282, 1983.
Hashihama, F., Furuya, K., Kitajima, S., Takeda, S., Takemura, T., and
Kanda, J.: Macro-scale exhaustion of surface phosphate by dinitrogen
fixation in the western North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03610,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036866, 2009.
Huang, Y., Laws, E. A., Chen, B., and Huang, B.: Stimulation of
heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism in the mixing zone of the Kuroshio
Current and northern South China Sea: Implications for export production, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 124, 2645–2661, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jg004833, 2019.
Hudson, R. J. M. and Morel, F. M. M.: Iron transport in marine-phytoplankton
– kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
35, 1002–1020, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.5.1002, 1990.
Hutchins, D. A. and Fu, F.: Microorganisms and ocean global change, Nat.
Microbiol., 2, 17058, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.58, 2017.
Jacq, V., Ridame, C., L'Helguen, S., Kaczmar, F., and Saliot, A.: Response
of the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii to iron limitation, PLoS One,
9, e86749, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086749, 2014.
Jickells, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G.,
Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata,
H., Kubilay, N., laRoche, J., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M.,
Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.: Global iron connections between
desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308, 67–71,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105959, 2005.
Karlusich, J. J. P., Pelletier, E., Lombard, F., Carsique, M., Dvorak, E.,
Colin, S., Picheral, M., Cornejo-Castillo, F. M., Acinas, S. G., Pepperkok,
R., Karsenti, E., de Vargas, C., Wincker, P., Bowler, C., Foster, R. A.:
Global distribution patterns of marine nitrogen-fixers by imaging and
molecular methods, Nat. Commun., 12, 4160, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24299-y, 2021.
Krupke, A., Mohr, W., LaRoche, J., Fuchs, B. M., Amann, R. I., and Kuypers,
M. M.: The effect of nutrients on carbon and nitrogen fixation by the
UCYN-A-haptophyte symbiosis, ISME J., 9, 1635–1647, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.253,
2015.
Kustka, A., Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S., Carpenter, E. J., Capone, D. G., and
Raven, J. A.: A revised estimate of the iron use efficiency of nitrogen
fixation, with special reference to the marine cyanobacterium
Trichodesmium spp. (cyanophyta), J. Phycol., 39, 12–25, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.01156.x,
2003.
Kupper, H., Setlik, I., Seibert, S., Prasil, O., Setlikova, E.,
Strittmatter, M., Levitan, O., Lohscheider, J., Adamska, I., and
Berman-Frank, I.: Iron limitation in the marine cyanobacterium
Trichodesmium reveals new insights into regulation of photosynthesis and nitrogen
fixation, New Phytol., 179, 784–798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02497.x, 2008.
Landolfi, A., Prowe, A. E. F., Pahlow, M., Somes, C. J., Chien, C. T.,
Schartau, M., Koeve, W., and Oschlies, A.: Can top-down controls expand the
ecological niche of marine N2 fixers?, Front. Microbiol., 12, 690200,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.690200, 2021.
Langlois, R. J., Hummer, D., and LaRoche, J.: Abundances and distributions
of the dominant nifH phylotypes in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, Appl. Environ.
Microb., 74, 1922–1931, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01720-07, 2008.
Langlois, R. J., Mills, M. M., Ridame, C., Croot, P., and LaRoche, J.:
Diazotrophic bacteria respond to Saharan dust additions, Mar. Ecol.-Prog.
Ser., 470, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10109, 2012.
Le Borgne, R., Barber, R. T., Delcroix, T., Inoue, H. Y., Mackey, D. J., and
Rodier, M.: Pacific warm pool and divergence: Temporal and zonal variations
on the equator and their effects on the biological pump, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. II, 49, 2471–2512, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00045-0, 2002.
Li, W., Sunda, W. G., Lin, W., Hong, H., and Shi, D.: The effect of cell
size on cellular Zn and Cd and Zn-Cd-CO2 colimitation of growth rate
in marine diatoms, Limnol. Oceanogr., 65, 2896–2911, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11561,
2020.
Li, X., Wu, K., Gu, S., Jiang, P., Li, H., Liu, Z., and Dai, M.: Enhanced
biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in the western boundary Kuroshio
Current when intruded to the marginal South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
126, e2021JC017585, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017585, 2021.
Lu, Y., Wen, Z., Shi, D., Lin, W., Bonnet, S., Dai, M., and Kao, S. J.:
Biogeography of N2 fixation influenced by the western boundary current
intrusion in the South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 6983–6996,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014781, 2019.
Ma, J., Yuan, D. X., Liang, Y., and Dai, M. H.: A modified analytical method
for the shipboard determination of nanomolar concentrations of
orthophosphate in seawater, J. Oceanogr., 64, 443–449, 2008.
Mills, M., Ridame, C., Davey, M., Roche, J. L., and Geider, R. J.: Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, Nature, 429, 292–294, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02550, 2004.
Mohr, W., Großkopf, T., Wallace, D. W., and LaRoche, J.: Methodological
underestimation of oceanic nitrogen fixation rates, PLoS One, 5, e12583,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012583.g001, 2010.
Moisander, P. H., Beinart, R. A., Voss, M., and Zehr, J. P.: Diversity and
abundance of diazotrophic microorganisms in the South China Sea during
intermonsoon, ISME J., 2, 954–967, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.51, 2008.
Moisander, P. H., Zhang, R., Boyle, E. A., Hewson, I., Montoya, J. P., and
Zehr, J. P.: Analogous nutrient limitations in unicellular diazotrophs and
Prochlorococcus in the South Pacific Ocean, ISME J., 6, 733–744, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.152,
2012.
Montoya, J. P., Voss, M., Kähler, P., and Capone, D. G.: A simple,
high-precision, high-sensitivity tracer assay for N2 fixation, Appl.
Environ. Microb., 62, 986–993, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.62.3.986-993.1996, 1996.
Needoba, J. A., Foster, R. A., Sakamoto, C., Zehr, J. P., and Johnson, K.
S.: Nitrogen fixation by unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the
temperate oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54,
1317–1327, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1317, 2007.
Rodriguez, F., Lillington, J., Johnson, S., Timmel, C. R., Lea, S. M., and
Berks, B. C.: Crystal structure of the bacillus subtilis phosphodiesterase
PhoD reveals an iron and calcium-containing active site, J. Biol. Chem.,
289, 30889–30899, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.604892, 2014.
Rubin, M., Berman-Frank, I., and Shaked, Y.: Dust- and mineral-iron
utilization by the marine dinitrogen-fixer Trichodesmium, Nat. Geosci., 4, 529–534,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1181, 2011.
Saito, M. A., Goepfert, T. J., and Ritt, J. T.: Some thoughts on the concept
of colimitation: Three definitions and the importance of bioavailability,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 276–290, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0276, 2008.
Saito, M. A., Bertrand, E. M., Dutkiewicz, S., Bulygin, V. V., Moran, D. M.,
Monteiro, F. M., Follows, M. J., Valois, F. W., and Waterbury, J. B.: Iron
conservation by reduction of metalloenzyme inventories in the marine
diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 2184–2189,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006943108, 2011.
Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A., Kustka, A. B., Gobler, C. J., Hutchins, D. A.,
Yang, M., Lwiza, K., Burns, J. A., Capone, D. G., Ravenk, J. A., and
Carpenter, E. J.: Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by
Trichodesmiun in the central Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 411, 66–69, https://doi.org/10.1038/35075041, 2001.
Sargent, E. C., Hitchcock, A., Johansson, S. A., Langlois, R., Moore, C. M.,
LaRoche, J., Poulton, A. J., and Bibby, T. S.: Evidence for polyploidy in
the globally important diazotroph Trichodesmium, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 363,
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw244, 2016.
Schlosser, C., Klar, J. K., Wake, B. D., Snow, J. T., Honey, D. J.,
Woodward, E. M. S., Lohan, M. C., Achterberg, E. P., and Moore, C. M.:
Seasonal ITCZ migration dynamically controls the location of the
(sub)tropical Atlantic biogeochemical divide, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
111, 1438–1442, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318670111, 2014.
Shiozaki, T., Furuya, K., Kodama, T., Kitajima, S., Takeda, S., Takemura,
T., and Kanda, J.: New estimation of N2 fixation in the western and
central Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24,
GB1015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gb003620, 2010.
Shiozaki, T., Kodama, T., and Furuya, K.: Large-scale impact of the island
mass effect through nitrogen fixation in the western South Pacific Ocean,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2907–2913, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059835, 2014a.
Shiozaki, T., Chen, Y. L. L., Lin, Y. H., Taniuchi, Y., Sheu, D. S., Furuya,
K., and Chen, H. Y.: Seasonal variations of unicellular diazotroph groups A
and B, and Trichodesmium in the northern South China Sea and neighboring upstream Kuroshio
Current, Cont. Shelf Res., 80, 20–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.02.015, 2014b.
Shiozaki, T., Nagata, T., Ijichi, M., and Furuya, K.: Nitrogen fixation and the diazotroph community in the temperate coastal region of the northwestern North Pacific, Biogeosciences, 12, 4751–4764, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4751-2015, 2015a.
Shiozaki, T., Takeda, S., Itoh, S., Kodama, T., Liu, X., Hashihama, F., and Furuya, K.: Why is Trichodesmium abundant in the Kuroshio?, Biogeosciences, 12, 6931–6943, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6931-2015, 2015b.
Shiozaki, T., Bombar, D., Riemann, L., Hashihama, F., Takeda, S., Yamaguchi,
T., Ehama, M., Hamasaki, K., and Furuya, K.: Basin scale variability of
active diazotrophs and nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific, from the
tropics to the subarctic Bering Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 996–1009,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gb005681, 2017.
Snow, J. T., Schlosser, C., Woodward, E. M., Mills, M., Achterberg, E. P.,
Mahaffey, C., Bibby, T. S., and Moore, C. M.: Environmental controls on the
biogeography of diazotrophy and Trichodesmium in the Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 29, 865–884, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005090, 2015.
Sohm, J. A., Webb, E. A., and Capone, D. G.: Emerging patterns of marine
nitrogen fixation, Nature reviews, Microbiology, 9, 499–508,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2594, 2011.
Sperfeld, E., Raubenheimer, D., and Wacker, A.: Bridging factorial and
gradient concepts of resource co-limitation: Towards a general framework
applied to consumers, Ecol. Lett., 19, 201–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12554, 2016.
Stenegren, M., Caputo, A., Berg, C., Bonnet, S., and Foster, R. A.: Distribution and drivers of symbiotic and free-living diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the western tropical South Pacific, Biogeosciences, 15, 1559–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1559-2018, 2018.
Tanita, I., Shiozaki, T., Kodama, T., Hashihama, F., Sato, M., Takahashi,
K., and Furuya, K.: Regionally variable responses of nitrogen fixation to
iron and phosphorus enrichment in the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys.
Res.-Biogeo., 126, e2021JG006542, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jg006542, 2021.
Thompson, A. W., Carter, B. J., Turk-Kubo, K. A., Malfatti, F., Azam, F.,
and Zehr, J. P.: Genetic diversity of the unicellular nitrogen-fixing
cyanobacteria UCYN-A and its prymnesiophyte host, Environ. Microbiol., 16,
3238–3249, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12490, 2014.
Turk-Kubo, K. A., Achilles, K. M., Serros, T. R., Ochiai, M., Montoya, J.
P., and Zehr, J. P.: Nitrogenase (nifH) gene expression in diazotrophic
cyanobacteria in the Tropical North Atlantic in response to nutrient
amendments, Front Microbiol., 3, 386, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00386, 2012.
Wang, W. L., Moore, J. K., Martiny, A. C., and Primeau, F. W.: Convergent
estimates of marine nitrogen fixation, Nature, 566, 205–211,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0911-2, 2019.
Ward, B. A., Dutkiewicz, S., Moore, C. M., and Follows, M. J.: Iron,
phosphorus, and nitrogen supply ratios define the biogeography of nitrogen
fixation, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 2059–2075, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2059, 2013.
Watkins-Brandt, K. S., Letelier, R. M., Spitz, Y. H., Church, M. J.,
Böttjer, D., and White, A. E.: Addition of inorganic or organic
phosphorus enhances nitrogen and carbon fixation in the oligotrophic North
Pacific, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 432, 17–29, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09147, 2011.
Welschmeyer, N. A.: Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll-a in the presence
of chlorophyll-B and pheopigments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1985–1992, 1994.
Wen, Z., Browning, T. J., Cai, Y., Dai, R., Zhang, R., Du, C., Jiang, R.,
Lin, W., Liu, X., Cao, Z., Hong, H., Dai, M., and Shi, D.: Nutrient
regulation of biological nitrogen fixation across the tropical western North
Pacific, Sci. Adv., 8, eabl7564, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl7564, 2022.
White, A. E., Watkins-Brandt, K. S., and Church, M. J.: Temporal variability
of Trichodesmium spp. and diatom-diazotroph assemblages in the North Pacific Subtropical
Gyre, Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 27, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00027, 2018.
Wu, C., Fu, F. X., Sun, J., Thangaraj, S., and Pujari, L.: Nitrogen fixation
by Trichodesmium and unicellular diazotrophs in the northern South China Sea and the
Kuroshio in summer, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 2415, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20743-0, 2018.
Wu, J., Chung, S. W., Wen, L. S., Liu, K. K., Chen, Y. L. L., Chen, H. Y.,
and Karl, D. M.: Dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved iron, and
Trichodesmium in the oligotrophic South China Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1008,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001924, 2003.
Xu, M. N., Zhang, W., Zhu, Y., Liu, L., Zheng, Z., Wan, X. H. S., Qian, W.,
Dai, M., Gan, J., Hutchins, D. A., and Kao, S. J.: Enhanced ammonia
oxidation caused by lateral Kuroshio intrusion in the boundary zone of the
northern South China Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 6585–6593,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077896, 2018.
Yong, S. C., Roversi, P., Lillington, J., Rodriguez, F., Krehenbrink, M.,
Zeldin, O. B., Garman, E. F., Lea, S. M., and Berks, B. C.: A complex
iron-calcium cofactor catalyzing phosphotransfer chemistry, Science, 345,
1170–1173, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254237, 2014.
Zehr, J. P. and Capone, D. G.: Changing perspectives in marine nitrogen
fixation, Science, 368, eaay9514, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay9514, 2020.
Zhang, J. Z.: Shipboard automated determination of trace concentrations of
nitrite and nitrate in oligotrophic water by gas-segmented continuous flow
analysis with a liquid waveguide capillary flow cell, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.
I, 47, 1157–1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00085-0, 2000.
Zhang, R., Zhu, X., Yang, C., Ye, L., Zhang, G., Ren, J. L., Wu, Y., Liu, S.
M., Zhang, J., and Zhou, M.: Distribution of dissolved iron in the Pearl
River (Zhujiang) Estuary and the northern continental slope of the South
China Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 167, 14–24,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.12.006, 2019.
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint