Articles | Volume 20, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 May 2023
Research article |
| 09 May 2023
| 09 May 2023
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Amanda Gerotto
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do
Paraná, Brazil
Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Renata Hanae Nagai
Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do
Paraná, Brazil
Heather M. Stoll
Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Rubens César Lopes Figueira
Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
Chuanlian Liu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
Iván Hernández-Almeida
Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nicolas Tapia, Laura Endres, Madalina Jaggi, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 22, 6861–6875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6861-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6861-2025, 2025
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We use stalagmites to study past changes in the terrestrial P cycle. Our P records from multiple, coeval stalagmites from Northwest Spain show that the onsets of past abrupt cooling events are characterized by multi-century reproducible peaks in stalagmite P which reflect higher groundwater P/Ca concentrations and enhanced P export, potentially resulting from increased freeze-thaw frequency and more intense infiltration from snowmelt.
Heather M. Stoll, Clara Bolton, Madalina Jaggi, Alfredo Martinez-Garcia, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Clim. Past, 21, 2189–2203, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2189-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2189-2025, 2025
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In periods of high atmospheric CO2 many proxies suggest more extreme past polar warming than is simulated by current coupled climate models. Providing new data on high latitude temperatures in the South Atlantic over the last 15 million years using clumped isotope thermometry, we show that absolute temperatures may not have been as warm as indicated by some biomarker based proxy climate records.
José Guitián, Samuel Phelps, Reto S. Wijker, Pratigya J. Polissar, Laura Arnold, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 21, 2115–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2115-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2115-2025, 2025
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We reconstructed from sediments of different ocean sites phytoplankton carbon isotopic fractionation (εp), mainly linked to CO2 variations, during the Oligocene to early Miocene. Data confirm Cenozoic long-term CO2 record but show contrasting relationships with the sea surface temperatures evolution. We evaluate the role of non-CO2 environmental factors such as temperature and nutrients at each site εp, highlighting the complexity of interpreting climate dynamics and CO2 reconstructions.
Reto Simon Wijker, Pere Aguiló-Nicolau, Madalina Jaggi, Jeroni Galmés, and Heather Marie Stoll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5010, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5010, 2025
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Photosynthetic organisms leave characteristic carbon isotope fingerprints that help scientists study Earth’s carbon cycle. We developed a simpler laboratory method to measure these isotope effects in Rubisco, the key enzyme fixing CO2. Applying this approach, we obtained the first measurement for Gephyrocapsa oceanica, a widespread marine alga that plays a major role in ocean carbon cycling.
Nikita Kaushal, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 21, 1633–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, 2025
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Terminations are large-magnitude rapid events triggered in the North Atlantic region that manifest across the global climate system. They provide key examples of climatic teleconnections and dynamics. In this study, we use the SISAL global speleothem database and find that there are sufficient climatic records from key locations to make speleothems a valuable archive for studying terminations and provide instances for more targeted work on speleothem research.
Madeleine Santos, Lisa Bröder, Matt O'Regan, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Tommaso Tesi, Lukas Bigler, Negar Haghipour, Daniel B. Nelson, Michael Fritz, and Julie Lattaud
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3953, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3953, 2025
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Our study examined how sea ice in the Beaufort Sea has changed over the past 13,000 years to better understand today’s rapid losses. By analyzing chemical tracers preserved in seafloor sediments, we found that the Early Holocene was largely ice-free, with warmer waters and lower salinity. Seasonal ice began forming about 7,000 years ago and expanded as the climate cooled. These long-term patterns show that continued warming could return the region to mostly ice-free conditions.
Laura Endres, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Anna L. C. Hughes, Hai Cheng, and Heather Stoll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3911, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3911, 2025
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Stable isotope data of a precisely dated stalagmite from northwestern Iberia indicate gradual North Atlantic meltwater input during the last glacial maximum, followed by abrupt surges early in the last deglaciation. The first abrupt surge was followed by cooling about 850 years later – unlike later events – which reveals that the Atlantic circulation’s sensitivity to meltwater is variable and related to the evolving background climate boundary conditions.
Lukas Jonkers, Tonke Strack, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Simon D'haenens, Robert Huber, Michal Kucera, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Chloe L. C. Jones, Brett Metcalfe, Rajeev Saraswat, Lóránd Silye, Sanjay K. Verma, Muhamad Naim Abd Malek, Gerald Auer, Cátia F. Barbosa, Maria A. Barcena, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Joeven Austine S. Calvelo, Lucilla Capotondi, Martina Caratelli, Jorge Cardich, Humberto Carvajal-Chitty, Markéta Chroustová, Helen K. Coxall, Renata M. de Mello, Anne de Vernal, Paula Diz, Kirsty M. Edgar, Helena L. Filipsson, Ángela Fraguas, Heather L. Furlong, Giacomo Galli, Natalia L. García Chapori, Robyn Granger, Jeroen Groeneveld, Adil Imam, Rebecca Jackson, David Lazarus, Julie Meilland, Marína Molčan Matejová, Raphael Morard, Caterina Morigi, Sven N. Nielsen, Diana Ochoa, Maria Rose Petrizzo, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, Marina C. Rillo, Matthew L. Staitis, Gamze Tanık, Raúl Tapia, Nishant Vats, Bridget S. Wade, and Anna E. Weinmann
J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 145–168, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-145-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-145-2025, 2025
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Our study provides guidelines improving the reuse of marine microfossil assemblage data, which are valuable for understanding past ecosystems and environmental change. Based on a survey of 113 researchers, we identified key data attributes required for effective reuse. Analysis of a selection of datasets available online reveals a gap between the attributes scientists consider essential and the data currently available, highlighting the need for clearer data documentation and sharing practices.
Judit Torner, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Ana Moreno, Joan O. Grimalt, Francisco J. Sierro, Joan J. Fornós, Hai Cheng, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 21, 465–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, 2025
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We offer a clearer view of the timing of three relevant past glacial terminations. By analyzing the climatic signal recorded in stalagmite and linking it with marine records, we revealed differences in the intensity and duration of the ice melting associated with these three key deglaciations. This study shows that some deglaciations began earlier than previously thought; this improves our understanding of natural climate processes, helping us to contextualize current climate change.
Alexander J. Clark, Ismael Torres-Romero, Madalina Jaggi, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 20, 2081–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, 2024
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Coccoliths are abundant in sediments across the world’s oceans, yet it is difficult to apply traditional carbon or oxygen isotope methodologies for temperature reconstructions. We show that our coccolith clumped isotope temperature calibration with well-constrained temperatures systematically differs from inorganic carbonate calibrations. We suggest the use of our well-constrained calibration for future coccolith carbonate temperature reconstructions.
Yuji Kato, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Lara F. Pérez
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 93–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, 2024
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In this study, we propose an age framework for an interval of 4.8–3.1 million years ago, using fossil records of marine plankton such as diatoms and radiolarians derived from a sediment core collected in the Southern Ocean. Specifically, a total of 19 bioevents (i.e., extinction/appearance events of selected age marker species) were detected, and their precise ages were calculated. The updated biostratigraphy will contribute to future paleoceanographic work in the Southern Ocean.
Nikita Kaushal, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szűcs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024
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Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
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Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Heather M. Stoll, Leopoldo D. Pena, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, José Guitián, Thomas Tanner, and Heiko Pälike
Clim. Past, 20, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, 2024
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The Oligocene and early Miocene periods featured dynamic glacial cycles on Antarctica. In this paper, we use Sr isotopes in marine carbonate sediments to document a change in the location and intensity of continental weathering during short periods of very intense Antarctic glaciation. Potentially, the weathering intensity of old continental rocks on Antarctica was reduced during glaciation. We also show improved age models for correlation of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediments.
Heather M. Stoll, Chris Day, Franziska Lechleitner, Oliver Kost, Laura Endres, Jakub Sliwinski, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Hai Cheng, and Denis Scholz
Clim. Past, 19, 2423–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, 2023
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Stalagmites formed in caves provide valuable information about past changes in climate and vegetation conditions. In this contribution, we present a new method to better estimate past changes in soil and vegetation productivity using carbon isotopes and trace elements measured in stalagmites. Applying this method to other stalagmites should provide a better indication of past vegetation feedbacks to climate change.
Oliver Kost, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Laura Endres, Negar Haghipour, and Heather Stoll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2227–2255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, 2023
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Cave monitoring studies including cave drip water are unique opportunities to sample water which has percolated through the soil and rock. The change in drip water chemistry is resolved over the course of 16 months, inferring seasonal and hydrological variations in soil and karst processes at the water–air and water–rock interface. Such data sets improve the understanding of hydrological and hydrochemical processes and ultimately advance the interpretation of geochemical stalagmite records.
Paula Diz, Víctor González-Guitián, Rita González-Villanueva, Aida Ovejero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 697–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, 2023
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Benthic foraminifera are key components of the ocean benthos and marine sediments. Determining their geographic distribution is highly relevant for improving our understanding of the recent and past ocean benthic ecosystem and establishing adequate conservation strategies. Here, we contribute to this knowledge by generating an open-access database of previously documented quantitative data of benthic foraminifera species from surface sediments of the eastern Pacific (BENFEP).
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks, Thomas Tanner, Ivan Hernández Almeida, James W. B. Rae, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5633–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, 2022
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Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
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The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Nele Manon Vollmar, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 19, 585–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, 2022
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We studied recent (sub-)fossil remains of a type of algae (coccolithophores) off southernmost Chile and across the Drake Passage, adding to the scarce knowledge that exists in the Southern Ocean, a rapidly changing environment. We found that those can be used to reconstruct the surface ocean conditions in the north but not in the south. We also found variations in shape in the dominant species Emiliania huxleyi depending on the location, indicating subtle adaptations to environmental conditions.
Franziska A. Lechleitner, Christopher C. Day, Oliver Kost, Micah Wilhelm, Negar Haghipour, Gideon M. Henderson, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 17, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, 2021
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Soil respiration is a critical but poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle. We analyse the effect of changing soil respiration rates on the stable carbon isotope ratio of speleothems from northern Spain covering the last deglaciation. Using geochemical analysis and forward modelling we quantify the processes affecting speleothem stable carbon isotope ratios and extract a signature of increasing soil respiration synchronous with deglacial warming.
Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques, Roberto Violante, Paula Franco-Fraguas, Leticia Burone, Cesar Barbedo Rocha, Leonardo Ortega, Rosangela Felicio dos Santos, Bianca Sung Mi Kim, Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira, and Marcia Caruso Bícego
Ocean Sci., 17, 1213–1229, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1213-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1213-2021, 2021
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In this work we used a concept called geochemical fingerprinting, with isotopes of neodymium and lead as tools to recognize the main sources and the physical processes responsible for the transport and deposition of sediments on a large area of the South Atlantic margin. Distinct sources, such as Antarctica, the Andean Cordillera, the Río de la Plata basin, and old rocks from the Brazilian shield, are identified.
Ana Moreno, Miguel Iglesias, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Carlos Sancho, Heather Stoll, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Cinta Osácar, Arsenio Muñoz, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Ileana Bladé, and Françoise Vimeux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10159–10177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, 2021
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We present a large and unique dataset of the rainfall isotopic composition at seven sites from northern Iberia to characterize their variability at daily and monthly timescales and to assess the role of climate and geographic factors in the modulation of δ18O values. We found that the origin, moisture uptake along the trajectory and type of precipitation play a key role. These results will help to improve the interpretation of δ18O paleorecords from lacustrine carbonates or speleothems.
Hongrui Zhang, Chuanlian Liu, Luz María Mejía, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 18, 1909–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, 2021
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Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a...
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