Articles | Volume 20, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Dec 2023
Research article |
| 14 Dec 2023
| 14 Dec 2023
Characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities and their associations with sugar compounds in atmospheric aerosols at a rural site in northern China
Mutong Niu
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Shu Huang
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Yajie Wang
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Wanyun Xu
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Wan Wei
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Qiang Zhang
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Zihan Wang
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Donghuan Zhang
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Rui Jin
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Libin Wu
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Junjun Deng
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Fangxia Shen
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Related authors
Wenxin Zhang, Wei Hu, Mutong Niu, Quanfei Zhu, Na An, Qiang Zhang, Rui Jin, Xiaoli Fu, Jian Hao, Jianbo Yang, Jingle Liu, Jing Shi, Suqin Han, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Yuqi Feng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2269, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2269, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated airborne endotoxins varying with height and season in northern China. By analyzing specific hydroxy fatty acids in aerosols, we estimated endotoxins at ground level and higher altitudes. Higher concentrations were observed near the ground during winter, likely driven by microbial emissions and combustion sources. Our findings suggest that air pollution and meteorological factors can influence endotoxin concentrations, posing potential health risks in urban environments.
Qinghao Guo, Haofei Zhang, Bo Long, Lehui Cui, Yiyang Sun, Hao Liu, Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9249–9262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limonene, a natural compound from plants, reacts with pollutants to form airborne particles that influence air quality and climate. Using advanced models with explicit chemical mechanisms, we show how different reaction pathways shape organonitrate formation, with some increasing and others decreasing particle levels. This approach enhances predictions of pollution and climate impacts while deepening our understanding of how natural and human-made emissions interact in the atmosphere.
Shubin Li, Yujue Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Yizhe Yi, Yuchen Wang, Yuqi Guo, Chao Yu, Yue Jiang, Jinhui Shi, Chao Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Wei Hu, Jianzhen Yu, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Min Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are an unrecognized and potentially important component in marine organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified and characterized the OSs over East Asian marginal seas. The chemical nature and spatiotemporal distribution of OSs were modified by the joint influence of marine emissions and transported terrestrial pollutants. The results highlight the vital roles of OSs in shaping organic aerosol formation and sulfur cycle during summer in marine boundary layer.
Wenxin Zhang, Wei Hu, Mutong Niu, Quanfei Zhu, Na An, Qiang Zhang, Rui Jin, Xiaoli Fu, Jian Hao, Jianbo Yang, Jingle Liu, Jing Shi, Suqin Han, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Yuqi Feng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2269, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2269, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated airborne endotoxins varying with height and season in northern China. By analyzing specific hydroxy fatty acids in aerosols, we estimated endotoxins at ground level and higher altitudes. Higher concentrations were observed near the ground during winter, likely driven by microbial emissions and combustion sources. Our findings suggest that air pollution and meteorological factors can influence endotoxin concentrations, posing potential health risks in urban environments.
Hanzheng Zhu, Yaman Liu, Man Yue, Shihui Feng, Pingqing Fu, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, and Minghuai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5175–5197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust-soluble iron deposition from East Asia plays an important role in the marine ecology of the Northwest Pacific. Using the developed model, our findings highlight a dual trend: a decrease in the overall deposition of soluble iron from dust but an increase in the solubility of the iron itself due to the enhanced atmospheric processing. The study underscores the critical roles of both dust emission and atmospheric processing in soluble iron deposition and marine ecology.
Mingyu Li, Zhanjie Xu, Zhichao Dong, Junjun Deng, Pingqing Fu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1335, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1335, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the seasonal and diurnal variability of fine aerosol composition in two forest ecosystems in North and South China. Carbonaceous/nitrogenous compound concentrations were higher in winter than summer at both sites. The forest fine aerosols in high latitude exhibited significantly greater influence from fossil fuel combustion compared to that in low latitude.
Ye Kuang, Biao Luo, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Weiwei Hu, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Wanyun Xu, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research reveals the potential importance of nighttime NO3 radical chemistry and aerosol water in the rapid formation of secondary brown carbon from diluted biomass burning emissions. The findings enhance our understanding of nighttime biomass burning evolution and its implications for climate and regional air quality, especially regarding interactions with background aerosol water and water-rich fogs and clouds.
Zhichao Dong, Subba Rao Devineni, Xiaoli Fu, Zhanjie Xu, Mingyu Li, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We developed new method to detect and measure organosulfates in PM2.5. By synthesizing organosulfates and combining them with commercial standards, we improved detection accuracy. Testing air samples from Tianjin, China, we found wintertime levels of organosulfates were much higher than in other regions. Our results show how human actions directly impact air quality and provide a tool to track pollution sources. This work helps scientists understand and address harmful aerosols in environments.
Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Lehui Cui, Qinghao Guo, Yiyang Sun, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Jialei Zhu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-763, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-763, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust carries iron deposits into the ocean, providing essential nutrients for the growth of marine phytoplankton, influencing their carbon uptake capacity. A model constrained by global datasets on dust iron content, ocean iron solubility, and dissolved iron concentrations was used to assess the contributions of 11 major dust sources to carbon uptake in 8 marine areas, enhancing understanding of the impact of global dust emissions on marine deposition and carbon cycle with decreased uncertainty.
Rui Jin, Wei Hu, Peimin Duan, Ming Sheng, Dandan Liu, Ziye Huang, Mutong Niu, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1805–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The metabolic capacity of atmospheric microorganisms after settling into habitats is poorly understood. We studied the molecular composition of exometabolites for cultured typical airborne microbes and traced their metabolic processes. Bacteria and fungi produce highly oxidized exometabolites and have significant variations in metabolism among different strains. These insights are pivotal for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric microorganisms following their deposition.
Ye Kuang, Jiangchuan Tao, Hanbing Xu, Li Liu, Pengfei Liu, Wanyun Xu, Weiqi Xu, Yele Sun, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1163–1174, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1163-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1163-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel optical framework to measure supersaturation, a fundamental parameter in cloud physics, by observing the scattering properties of particles that have or have not grown into cloud droplets. The technique offers high-resolution measurements, capturing essential fluctuations in supersaturation necessary for understanding cloud physics.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lars Nerger, Dawei Zhang, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Haibo Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Hang Su, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8495–8519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To accurately characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components, we developed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (NAQPMS-PDAF) v2.0 for chemical components with non-Gaussian and nonlinear properties. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has better computing efficiency, excels when used with a small ensemble size, and can significantly improve the simulation performance of chemical components.
Xiaoyi Zhang, Wanyun Xu, Weili Lin, Gen Zhang, Jinjian Geng, Li Zhou, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12323–12340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) deposition is a key process that removes surface O3, affecting air quality, ecosystems and climate change. We conducted O3 deposition measurement over a wheat canopy using a newly relaxed eddy accumulation flux system. Large variabilities in O3 deposition were detected, mainly determined by crop growth and modulated by various environmental factors. More O3 deposition observations over different surfaces are needed for exploring deposition mechanisms and model optimization.
Weiqi Xu, Ye Kuang, Wanyun Xu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Biao Luo, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangchuang Tao, Hongqin Qiao, Li Liu, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9387–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an advanced aerosol–fog sampling system at a rural site in the North China Plain to investigate impacts of aerosol hygroscopic growth and activation on the physicochemical properties of submicron aerosols. Observed results highlighted remarkably different aqueous processing of primary and secondary submicron aerosol components under distinct ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions and that RH levels significantly impact aerosol sampling through the aerosol swelling effect.
Jiangchuan Tao, Biao Luo, Weiqi Xu, Gang Zhao, Hanbin Xu, Biao Xue, Miaomiao Zhai, Wanyun Xu, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Li Liu, Ye Kuang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9131–9154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using simultaneous measurements of DMA–CCNC, H(/V)TDMA, and DMA–SP2, impacts of primary emissions and secondary aerosol formations on changes in aerosol physicochemical properties were comprehensively investigated. It was found that intercomparisons among aerosol mixing-state parameters derived from different techniques can help us gain more insight into aerosol physical properties which, in turn, will aid the investigation of emission characteristics and secondary aerosol formation pathways.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, Xiaohong Yao, and Mingjie Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3129–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are important for aerosol climatic effects but are poorly understood. For the first time, an online coupled regional chemistry–climate model is applied to explore the characteristics of emission, distribution, and direct and indirect radiative effects of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific, which reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in perturbing cloud and radiation and promotes understanding of global aerosol climatic impact.
Lehui Cui, Yunting Xiao, Wei Hu, Lei Song, Yujue Wang, Chao Zhang, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5403–5425, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is a crucial non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound with the largest global emissions, which has high chemical reactivity and serves as the primary source of natural secondary organic aerosols. This study built a module to present a 20-year global hourly dataset of marine phytoplankton-generated biological and photochemistry-generated isoprene emissions in the sea microlayers based on the latest advancements in biological, physical, and chemical processes.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Huizheng Che, Yangmei Zhang, Chunhong Zhou, Ke Gui, Wanyun Xu, Quan Liu, Junting Zhong, Can Xia, Xinyao Hu, Sinan Zhang, Jialing Wang, Shuo Liu, Jiayuan Lu, Aoyuan Yu, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) events occur when the dust episodes' fade is analysed based on long-term measurement of particle number size distribution. Analysis shows that the observed formation and growth rates are approximately 50 % of and 30 % lower than those of other NPF events. As a consequence of the uptake of precursor gases on mineral dust, the physical and chemical properties of submicron particles, as well as the ability to be cloud condensation nuclei, can be changed.
Wanyun Xu, Yuxuan Bian, Weili Lin, Yingjie Zhang, Yaru Wang, Zhiqiang Ma, Xiaoyi Zhang, Gen Zhang, Chunxiang Ye, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7635–7652, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7635-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7635-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone (O3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) are both photochemical pollutants harmful to the ecological environment and human health, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the factors determining their variations in the TP have not been comprehensively investigated. Results from field measurements and observation-based models revealed that day-to-day variations in O3 and PAN were in fact controlled by distinct physiochemical processes.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Juan Hong, Min Tang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Nan Ma, Shaowen Zhu, Shaobin Zhang, Xihao Pan, Linhong Xie, Guo Li, Uwe Kuhn, Chao Yan, Jiangchuan Tao, Ye Kuang, Yao He, Wanyun Xu, Runlong Cai, Yaqing Zhou, Zhibin Wang, Guangsheng Zhou, Bin Yuan, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5699–5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5699-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5699-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive investigation of the characteristics of new particle formation (NPF) events was conducted at a rural site on the North China Plain (NCP), China, during the wintertime of 2018 by covering the particle number size distribution down to sub–3 nm. Potential mechanisms for NPF under the current environment were explored, followed by a further discussion on the factors governing the occurrence of NPF at this rural site compared with other regions (e.g., urban areas) in the NCP region.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Miaomiao Zhai, Ye Kuang, Li Liu, Yao He, Biao Luo, Wanyun Xu, Jiangchuan Tao, Yu Zou, Fei Li, Changqin Yin, Chunhui Li, Hanbing Xu, and Xuejiao Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5119–5133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using year-long aerosol mass spectrometer measurements, roles of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) during haze formations in an urban area of southern China were systematically analyzed. Almost all severe haze events were accompanied by continuous daytime and nighttime SOA formations, whereas coordinated gas-phase photochemistry and aqueous-phase reactions likely played significant roles in quick daytime SOA formations, and nitrate radicals played significant roles in nighttime SOA formations.
Lizi Tang, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Xin Fang, Jianjiong Mao, Wanyun Xu, Jiacheng Zhou, Weixiong Zhao, Yaru Wang, Chong Zhang, Yingjie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Limin Zeng, Chunxiang Ye, Song Guo, and Zhijun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4343–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There was an evident distinction in the frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events at Nam Co station on the Tibetan Plateau: 15 % in pre-monsoon season and 80 % in monsoon season. The frequent NPF events in monsoon season resulted from the higher frequency of southerly air masses, which brought the organic precursors to participate in the NPF process. It increased the amount of aerosol and CCN compared with those in pre-monsoon season, which may markedly affect earth's radiation balance.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Zhanjie Xu, Yu Wang, Peisen Li, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2119–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study has provided comprehensive baseline data of carbonaceous and inorganic aerosols as well as their isotope ratios in the Tianjin region, North China, found that Tianjin aerosols were derived from coal combustion, biomass burning and photochemical reactions of VOCs, and also implied that the Tianjin aerosols were more aged during long-range atmospheric transport in summer via carbonaceous and isotope data analysis.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Xiaoying Niu, Wei Pu, Pingqing Fu, Yang Chen, Yuxuan Xing, Dongyou Wu, Ziqi Chen, Tenglong Shi, Yue Zhou, Hui Wen, and Xin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14075–14094, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we do the first investigation of WSOC in seasonal snow of northeastern China. The results revealed the regional-specific compositions and sources of WSOC due to different natural environments and anthropogenic activities. The abundant concentrations of WSOC and its absorption properties contributed to a crucial impact on the snow albedo and radiative effect. We established that our study could raise awareness of carbon cycling processes, hydrological processes, and climate change.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Chun Chen, Bo You, Aodong Du, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Lu Lei, Wei Zhou, Jiaxing Sun, Yanmei Qiu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10409–10423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol and the first mass spectral characterization of water-insoluble organic aerosol in the cold season in Beijing by integrating online and offline aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. WSOA comprised dominantly secondary OA and showed large changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. WIOA was characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series, low oxidation states, and significant day–night differences.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Junjun Deng, Hao Ma, Xinfeng Wang, Shujun Zhong, Zhimin Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Yanbing Fan, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Lujie Ren, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Here we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-soluble BrC in PM2.5 in the megacity Tianjin in coastal China. Results of the source apportionments from the combination with organic molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble BrC reveal a large contribution from primary bioaerosol particles to BrC in the urban atmosphere.
Jingnan Shi, Juan Hong, Nan Ma, Qingwei Luo, Yao He, Hanbing Xu, Haobo Tan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jiangchuan Tao, Yaqing Zhou, Shuang Han, Long Peng, Linhong Xie, Guangsheng Zhou, Wanyun Xu, Yele Sun, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4599–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the hygroscopicity of submicron aerosols at a rural site in the North China Plain during the winter of 2018, using a HTDMA and a CV-ToF-ACSM. We observed differences in aerosol hygroscopicity during two distinct episodes with different primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation processes. These results provide an improved understanding of the complex influence of sources and aerosol evolution processes on their hygroscopicity.
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Yaqing Zhou, Nan Ma, Qiaoqiao Wang, Zhibin Wang, Chunrong Chen, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Long Peng, Yao He, Linhong Xie, Shaowen Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Guo Li, Wanyun Xu, Peng Cheng, Uwe Kuhn, Guangsheng Zhou, Pingqing Fu, Qiang Zhang, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2029–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes size-resolved particle effective densities and their evolution associated with emissions and aging processes in a rural area of the North China Plain. Particle effective density exhibits a high-frequency bimodal distribution, and two density modes exhibit opposite trends with increasing particle size. SIA and BC mass fractions are key factors of particle effective density, and a value of 0.6 g cm−3 is appropriate to represent BC effective density in bulk particles.
Jiaxing Sun, Zhe Wang, Wei Zhou, Conghui Xie, Cheng Wu, Chun Chen, Tingting Han, Qingqing Wang, Zhijie Li, Jie Li, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 9-year measurements of BC and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China. Our results showed large reductions in BC and light extinction coefficient due to the Clean Air Action Plan. As a response, both SSA and mass extinction efficiency (MEE) showed considerable increases, demonstrating a future challenge in visibility improvement. The primary and secondary BrC was also separated and quantified, and the changes in radiative forcing of BC and BrC were estimated.
Yuting Zhang, Hang Liu, Shandong Lei, Wanyun Xu, Yu Tian, Weijie Yao, Xiaoyong Liu, Qi Liao, Jie Li, Chun Chen, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Jinyuan Xin, Junji Cao, Xiaole Pan, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17631–17648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the authors used a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to characterize the particle size, mixing state, and optical properties of black carbon aerosols in rural areas of the North China Plain in winter. Relatively warm and high-RH environments (RH > 50 %, −4° < T < 4 °) were more favorable to rBC aging than dry and cold environments (RH < 60 %, T < −8°). The paper emphasizes the importance of meteorological parameters in the mixing state of black carbon.
Deepchandra Srivastava, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Siqi Hou, Natalia Moreno Palmerola, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14703–14724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the source apportionment of PM2.5 performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites in Beijing. These factors are interpreted as traffic emissions, biomass burning, road and soil dust, coal and oil combustion, and secondary inorganics. PMF failed to resolve some sources identified by CMB and AMS and appears to overestimate the dust sources. Comparison with earlier PMF studies from the Beijing area highlights inconsistent findings using this method.
Michael Biggart, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, David Carruthers, Sue Grimmond, Yiqun Han, Pingqing Fu, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13687–13711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our ever-warming climate. We examine the relative impacts that land surface properties and anthropogenic heat have on the urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing using ADMS-Urban. Air temperature measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperatures provide valuable means of evaluating modelled spatiotemporal variations. This work provides critical information for urban planners and UHI mitigation.
Hong Ren, Wei Hu, Lianfang Wei, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhao, Linjie Li, Libin Wu, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Mingjie Kang, Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12949–12963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents vertical profiles of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the urban boundary layer based on a 325 m tower in Beijing in late summer. The increases in the isoprene and toluene SOAs with height were found to be more related to regional transport, whereas the decrease in those from monoterpenes and sesquiterpene were more subject to local emissions. Such complicated vertical distributions of SOA should be considered in future modeling work.
Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Jing Chen, Yuqing Dai, Siyao Yue, Hang Su, Haijie Tong, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Yisheng Xu, Dong Cao, Ying Li, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Guibin Jiang, Yafang Cheng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11453–11465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of nighttime chemistry during Chinese New Year's Eve that enhances the formation of nitrooxy organosulfates in the aerosol phase. Results show that anthropogenic precursors, together with biogenic ones, considerably contribute to the formation of low-volatility nitrooxy OSs. Our study provides detailed molecular composition of firework-related aerosols, which gives new insights into the physicochemical properties and potential health effects of urban aerosols.
Haijie Tong, Fobang Liu, Alexander Filippi, Jake Wilson, Andrea M. Arangio, Yun Zhang, Siyao Yue, Steven Lelieveld, Fangxia Shen, Helmi-Marja K. Keskinen, Jing Li, Haoxuan Chen, Ting Zhang, Thorsten Hoffmann, Pingqing Fu, William H. Brune, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Maosheng Yao, Thomas Berkemeier, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10439–10455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured radical yields of aqueous PM2.5 extracts and found lower yields at higher concentrations of PM2.5. Abundances of water-soluble transition metals and aromatics in PM2.5 were positively correlated with the relative fraction of •OH but negatively correlated with the relative fraction of C-centered radicals among detected radicals. Composition-dependent reactive species yields may explain differences in the reactivity and health effects of PM2.5 in clean versus polluted air.
Siqi Hou, Di Liu, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Xuefang Wu, Deepchandra Srivastava, Pingqing Fu, Linjie Li, Yele Sun, Athanasia Vlachou, Vaios Moschos, Gary Salazar, Sönke Szidat, André S. H. Prévôt, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8273–8292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a newly developed method which combines radiocarbon (14C) with organic tracers to enable source apportionment of primary and secondary fossil vs. non-fossil sources of carbonaceous aerosols at an urban and a rural site of Beijing. The source apportionment results were compared with those by chemical mass balance and AMS/ACSM-PMF methods. Correlations of WINSOC and WSOC with different sources of OC were also performed to elucidate the formation mechanisms of SOC.
Weiqi Xu, Masayuki Takeuchi, Chun Chen, Yanmei Qiu, Conghui Xie, Wanyun Xu, Nan Ma, Douglas R. Worsnop, Nga Lee Ng, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3693–3705, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3693-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3693-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we developed a method for estimation of particulate organic nitrates (pON) from the measurements of a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer coupled with a thermodenuder based on the volatility differences between inorganic nitrate and pON. The results generally had improvements in reducing negative values due to the influences of a high concentration of inorganic nitrate and a constant ratio of NO+ to NO2+ of organic nitrates (RON).
Jiangchuan Tao, Ye Kuang, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, Wanyun Xu, Yanyan Zhang, Yao He, Qingwei Luo, Linhong Xie, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7409–7427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7409-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7409-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanism of secondary aerosol (SA) formation can be affected by relative humidity (RH) and has different influences on the particle CCN activity under different RH conditions. In the North China Plain, we find different responses of CCN activity and enhancements of CCN number concentration to SA formation under different RH conditions. In addition, variations of aerosol mixing state due to SA formation contribute some of the largest uncertainties in predicting CCN number concentration.
Jingsha Xu, Di Liu, Xuefang Wu, Tuan V. Vu, Yanli Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Bo Zheng, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7321–7341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine aerosols in an urban site of Beijing used a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Seven primary sources (industrial/residential coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, cooking and vegetative detritus) explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. CMB was found to resolve more primary OA sources than AMS-PMF, but the latter apportioned more secondary OA sources.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Steven J. Campbell, Kate Wolfer, Battist Utinger, Joe Westwood, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Sarah S. Steimer, Tuan V. Vu, Jingsha Xu, Nicholas Straw, Steven Thomson, Atallah Elzein, Yele Sun, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Alastair C. Lewis, Roy M. Harrison, William J. Bloss, Miranda Loh, Mark R. Miller, Zongbo Shi, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5549–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP), a metric widely suggested as a potential measure of particle toxicity, in Beijing in summer and winter using four acellular assays. We correlate PM2.5 OP with a comprehensive range of atmospheric and particle composition measurements, demonstrating inter-assay differences and seasonal variation of PM2.5 OP. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we highlight specific particle chemical components and sources that influence OP.
Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Yanmei Qiu, Ying Li, Zhiqiang Zhang, Eleni Karnezi, Spyros N. Pandis, Conghui Xie, Zhijie Li, Jiaxing Sun, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Nga Lee Ng, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5463–5476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here aerosol volatility and viscosity at a rural site (Gucheng) and an urban site (Beijing) in the North China Plain (NCP) were investigated in summer and winter. Our results showed that organic aerosol (OA) in winter in the NCP is more volatile than that in summer due to enhanced primary emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. We also found that OA existed mainly as a solid in winter in Beijing but as semisolids in Beijing in summer and Gucheng in winter.
Santosh Kumar Verma, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fei Yang, Pingqing Fu, Yugo Kanaya, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4959–4978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied aerosol samples collected in autumn 2007 with day and night intervals in a rural site of Mangshan, north of Beijing, for sugar compounds (SCs) that are abundant organic aerosol components and can influence the air quality and climate. We found higher concentrations of biomass burning (BB) products at nighttime than daytime, whereas pollen tracers and other SCs showed an opposite diurnal trend, because this site is meteorologically characterized by a mountain/valley breeze.
Linlin Liang, Guenter Engling, Chang Liu, Wanyun Xu, Xuyan Liu, Yuan Cheng, Zhenyu Du, Gen Zhang, Junying Sun, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3181–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A unique episode with extreme biomass burning (BB) impact, with daily concentration of levoglucosan as high as 4.37 µg m-3, was captured at an area upwind of Beijing. How this extreme BB pollution event was generated and what were the chemical properties of PM2.5 under this kind severe BB pollution level in the real atmospheric environment were both presented in this measurement report. Moreover, the variation of the ratios of BB tracers during different BB pollution periods was also exhibited.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, William J. Bloss, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how emission controls will impact ozone, an understanding of the sources and sinks of OH and the chemical cycling between peroxy radicals is needed. This paper presents measurements of OH, HO2 and total RO2 taken in central Beijing. The radical observations are compared to a detailed chemistry model, which shows that under low NO conditions, there is a missing OH source. Under high NOx conditions, the model under-predicts RO2 and impacts our ability to model ozone.
Rutambhara Joshi, Dantong Liu, Eiko Nemitz, Ben Langford, Neil Mullinger, Freya Squires, James Lee, Yunfei Wu, Xiaole Pan, Pingqing Fu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Qiang Zhang, Ruili Wu, Oliver Wild, Michael Flynn, Hugh Coe, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 147–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is a component of particulate matter which has significant effects on climate and human health. Sources of BC include biomass burning, transport, industry and domestic cooking and heating. In this study, we measured BC emissions in Beijing, finding a dominance of traffic emissions over all other sources. The quantitative method presented here has benefits for revising widely used emissions inventories and for understanding BC sources with impacts on air quality and climate.
W. Joe F. Acton, Zhonghui Huang, Brian Davison, Will S. Drysdale, Pingqing Fu, Michael Hollaway, Ben Langford, James Lee, Yanhui Liu, Stefan Metzger, Neil Mullinger, Eiko Nemitz, Claire E. Reeves, Freya A. Squires, Adam R. Vaughan, Xinming Wang, Zhaoyi Wang, Oliver Wild, Qiang Zhang, Yanli Zhang, and C. Nicholas Hewitt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15101–15125, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality in Beijing is of concern to both policy makers and the general public. In order to address concerns about air quality it is vital that the sources of atmospheric pollutants are understood. This work presents the first top-down measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in Beijing. These measurements are used to evaluate the emissions inventory and assess the impact of VOC emission from the city centre on atmospheric chemistry.
Eloise J. Slater, Lisa K. Whalley, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa Kramer, William Bloss, Tuan Vu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14847–14871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper details atmospheric chemistry in a megacity (Beijing), focussing on radicals which mediate the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and particles. Highly polluted conditions were experienced, including the highest ever levels of nitric oxide (NO), with simultaneous radical measurements. Radical concentrations were large during "haze" events, demonstrating active photochemistry. Modelling showed that our understanding of the chemistry at high NOx levels is incomplete.
Junjun Deng, Hao Guo, Hongliang Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14419–14435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14419-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14419-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
One-year source apportionment of BC aerosols in a coastal city in China was conducted with the light-absorption observation-based method and source-oriented model. Source contributions identified by the two source apportionment methods were compared. Temporal variability, potential sources and transport pathways of BC from fossil fuel and biomass burning were characterized. Significant influence of biomass burning in North and East–Central China on BC in the region was highlighted.
Jingsha Xu, Shaojie Song, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Lianfang Wei, Qiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Lu Lei, Chao Zhang, Xiaohong Yao, Dihui Chen, Weijun Li, Miaomiao Wu, Hezhong Tian, Lining Luo, Shengrui Tong, Weiran Li, Junling Wang, Guoliang Shi, Yanqi Huangfu, Yingze Tian, Baozhu Ge, Shaoli Su, Chao Peng, Yang Chen, Fumo Yang, Aleksandra Mihajlidi-Zelić, Dragana Đorđević, Stefan J. Swift, Imogen Andrews, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Ye Sun, Agung Kramawijaya, Jinxiu Han, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Clarissa Baldo, Siqi Hou, Feixue Zheng, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Pingqing Fu, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6325–6341, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An interlaboratory comparison was conducted for the first time to examine differences in water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) measured by 10 labs using ion chromatography (IC) and by two online aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) methods. Major ions including SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ agreed well in 10 IC labs and correlated well with ACSM data. WSII interlab variability strongly affected aerosol acidity results based on ion balance, but aerosol pH computed by ISORROPIA II was very similar.
Chaomin Wang, Bin Yuan, Caihong Wu, Sihang Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Zelong Wang, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Chenshuo Ye, Wenjie Wang, Yele Sun, Chen Wang, Shan Huang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Suxia Yang, Shenyang Zhang, Wanyun Xu, Nan Ma, Zhanyi Zhang, Bin Jiang, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14123–14138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14123-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14123-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We utilized a novel online mass spectrometry method to measure the total concentration of higher alkanes at each carbon number at two different sites in China, allowing us to take into account SOA contributions from all isomers for higher alkanes. We found that higher alkanes account for significant fractions of SOA formation at the two sites. The contributions are comparable to or even higher than single-ring aromatics, the most-recognized SOA precursors in urban air.
Junfeng Wang, Jianhuai Ye, Dantong Liu, Yangzhou Wu, Jian Zhao, Weiqi Xu, Conghui Xie, Fuzhen Shen, Jie Zhang, Paul E. Ohno, Yiming Qin, Xiuyong Zhao, Scot T. Martin, Alex K. Y. Lee, Pingqing Fu, Daniel J. Jacob, Qi Zhang, Yele Sun, Mindong Chen, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14091–14102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14091-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14091-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the organics in total submicron matter and those coated on BC cores during summertime in Beijing and found large differences between them. Traffic-related OA was associated significantly with BC, while cooking-related OA did not coat BC. In addition, a factor likely originated from primary biomass burning OA was only identified in BC-containing particles. Such a unique BBOA requires further field and laboratory studies to verify its presence and elucidate its properties and impacts.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1016, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are so far poorly understood. An on-line coupled regional chemistry-climate model is developed to firstly explore and characterize the seasonality and annual feature of emission, distribution and radiative effects of marine organic aerosols specifically for the western Pacific over East Asia. This study reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in radiation and cloud and would be valuable for climate research at both regional and global scales.
Wei Hu, Kotaro Murata, Chunlan Fan, Shu Huang, Hiromi Matsusaki, Pingqing Fu, and Daizhou Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4477–4487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first estimate of the status of bacteria in long-distance-transported Asian dust, demonstrating that airborne dust, which can carry viable and nonviable bacteria on particle surfaces, is an efficient medium for constantly spreading bacteria at regional and even global scales. Such data are essential to better model and understand the roles and activities of bioaerosols in environmental evolution and climate change and the potential risks of bioaerosols to human health.
Wanyu Zhao, Hong Ren, Kimitaka Kawamura, Huiyun Du, Xueshun Chen, Siyao Yue, Qiaorong Xie, Lianfang Wei, Ping Li, Xin Zeng, Shaofei Kong, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10331–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our observations provide detailed information on the abundance and vertical distribution of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls in PM2.5 collected at three heights based on a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing in summer. Our results demonstrate that organic acids at the ground surface are largely associated with local traffic emissions, while long-range atmospheric transport followed by photochemical ageing contributes more in the urban boundary layer than the ground surface.
Cited articles
Abdel Hameed, A. A., Khoder, M. I., Yuosra, S., Osman, A. M., and Ghanem, S.: Diurnal distribution of airborne bacteria and fungi in the atmosphere of Helwan area, Egypt, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 6217–6222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.028, 2009.
Abrego, N., Norros, V., Halme, P., Somervuo, P., Ali-Kovero, H., and Ovaskainen, O.: Give me a sample of air and I will tell which species are found from your region: Molecular identification of fungi from airborne spore samples, Mol. Ecol. Resour., 18, 511–524, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12755, 2018.
Acuna, J. J., Ruiz-Gil, T., Marileo, L., Carrazana, E., Rilling, J., Campos, M., Correa-Araneda, F., Fujiyoshi, S., and Jorquera, M. A.: Airborne bacterial community associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) under different air quality indices in Temuco city, southern Chile, Arch. Microbiol., 204, 148, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02740-6, 2022.
Almaguer, M., Aira, M. J., Rodríguez-Rajo, F. J., and Rojas, T. I.: Temporal dynamics of airborne fungi in Havana (Cuba) during dry and rainy seasons: Influence of meteorological parameters, Int. J. Biometeorol., 58, 1459–1470, 2014.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gb001382, 2001.
Andrews, J. H. and Harris, R. F.: The ecology and biogeography of microorganisms on plant surfaces, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 38, 145, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.145, 2000.
Ariya, P. A., Nepotchatykh, O., Ignatova, O., and Amyot, M.: Microbiological degradation of atmospheric organic compounds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 341–344, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015637, 2002.
Ariya, P. A., Sun, J., Eltouny, N. A., Hudson, E. D., Hayes, C. T., and Kos, G.: Physical and chemical characterization of bioaerosols – Implications for nucleation processes, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 28, 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1080/01442350802597438, 2009.
Arzt, J., Juleff, N., Zhang, Z., and Rodriguez, L. L.: The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease I: Viral pathways in cattle, Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 58, 291–304, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01204.x, 2011.
Bauer, H., Claeys, M., Vermeylen, R., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A., and Puxbaum, H.: Arabitol and mannitol as tracers for the quantification of airborne fungal spores, Atmos. Environ., 42, 588–593, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.013, 2008a.
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., and Jacomy, M.: Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks, Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 17–20 May 2009, San Jose California USA, 3, 361–362, https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v3i1.13937, 2009.
Bauer, H., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A., Hitzenberger, R., Marr, I. L., and Puxbaum, H.: Significant contributions of fungal spores to the organic carbon and to the aerosol mass balance of the urban atmospheric aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5542–5549, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.019, 2008b.
Benjamini, Y., Krieger, A. M., and Yekutieli, D.: Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate, Biometrika, 93, 491–507, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/93.3.491, 2006.
Bowers, R. M., McLetchie, S., Knight, R., and Fierer, N.: Spatial variability in airborne bacterial communities across land-use types and their relationship to the bacterial communities of potential source environments, ISME J., 5, 601–612, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.167, 2011.
Chen, D., Hou, H., Zhou, S., Zhang, S., Liu, D., Pang, Z., Hu, J., Xue, K., Du, J., Cui, X., Wang, Y., and Che, R.: Soil diazotrophic abundance, diversity, and community assembly mechanisms significantly differ between glacier riparian wetlands and their adjacent alpine meadows, Front. Microbiol., 13, 1063027, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063027, 2022.
Chen, J., Kawamura, K., Liu, C. Q., and Fu, P. Q.: Long-term observations of saccharides in remote marine aerosols from the western North Pacific: A comparison between 1990–1993 and 2006–2009 periods, Atmos. Environ., 67, 448–458, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.014, 2013.
Chen, N. T., Tam, L. M., Wu, J. H., Cheong, N. S., Lin, C. Y., Tseng, C. C., and Su, H. J.: Changes in ambient bacterial community in northern Taiwan during long-range transport: Asian dust storm and frontal pollution, Atmosphere, 13, 841, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050841, 2022.
Després, V. R., Alex Huffman, J., Burrows, S. M., Hoose, C., Safatov, A. S., Buryak, G., FröHlich-Nowoisky, J., Elbert, W., Andreae, M. O., and PöSchl, U.: Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: A review, Tellus B, 64, 15598, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598, 2012.
Deutscher, J., Francke, C., and Postma, P. W.: How Phosphotransferase System-Related Protein Phosphorylation Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism in Bacteria, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 70, 939–1031, https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00024-06, 2006.
Drautz-Moses, D. I., Luhung, I., Gusareva, E. S., Kee, C., Gaultier, N. E., Premkrishnan, B. N. V., Lee, C. F., Leong, S. T., Park, C., Yap, Z. H., Heinle, C. E., Lau, K. J. X., Purbojati, R. W., Lim, S. B. Y., Lim, Y. H., Kutmutia, S. K., Aung, N. W., Oliveira, E. L., Ng, S. G., Dacanay, J., Ang, P. N., Spence, S. D., Phung, W. J., Wong, A., Kennedy, R. J., Kalsi, N., Sasi, S. P., Chandrasekaran, L., Uchida, A., Junqueira, A. C. M., Kim, H. L., Hankers, R., Feuerle, T., Corsmeier, U., and Schuster, S. C.: Vertical stratification of the air microbiome in the lower troposphere, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2117293119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117293119, 2022.
Dulermo, T., Rascle, C., Chinnici, G., Gout, E., Bligny, R., and Cotton, P.: Dynamic carbon transfer during pathogenesis of sunflower by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea: From plant hexoses to mannitol, New Phytol., 183, 1149–1162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02890.x, 2009.
Elbert, W., Taylor, P. E., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4569–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4569-2007, 2007.
Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Burrows, S. M., Xie, Z., Engling, G., Solomon, P. A., Fraser, M. P., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Artaxo, P., Begerow, D., Conrad, R., Andreae, M. O., Després, V. R., and Pöschl, U.: Biogeography in the air: fungal diversity over land and oceans, Biogeosciences, 9, 1125–1136, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1125-2012, 2012.
Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Kampf, C. J., Weber, B., Huffman, J. A., Pöhlker, C., Andreae, M. O., Lang-Yona, N., Burrows, S. M., Gunthe, S. S., and Elbert, W.: Bioaerosols in the Earth system: Climate, health, and ecosystem interactions, Atmos. Res., 182, 346–376, 2016.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Okuzawa, K., Aggarwal, S. G., Wang, G., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z.: Organic molecular compositions and temporal variations of summertime mountain aerosols over Mt. Tai, North China Plain, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd009900, 2008.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Pavuluri, C. M., Swaminathan, T., and Chen, J.: Molecular characterization of urban organic aerosol in tropical India: Contributions of primary emissions and secondary photooxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2663–2689, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2663-2010, 2010.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Kobayashi, M., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Seasonal variations of sugars in atmospheric particulate matter from Gosan, Jeju Island: Significant contributions of airborne pollen and Asian dust in spring, Atmos. Environ., 55, 234–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.061, 2012.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Charrière, B., and Sempéré, R.: Organic molecular composition of marine aerosols over the Arctic Ocean in summer: Contributions of primary emission and secondary aerosol formation, Biogeosciences, 10, 653–667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-653-2013, 2013.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., and Miyazaki, Y.: Secondary production of organic aerosols from biogenic VOCs over Mt. Fuji, Japan, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8491–8497, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500794d, 2014.
Gat, D., Mazar, Y., Cytryn, E., and Rudich, Y.: Origin-dependent variations in the atmospheric microbiome community in Eastern Mediterranean dust storms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 6709–6718, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00362, 2017.
Gillum, S. J. and Levetin, E.: The air spora close to a compost facility in Northeast Oklahoma: Part I – spore trap sampling, Aerobiologia, 24, 3–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9074-y, 2008.
Goddijn, O. J. M. and van Dun, K.: Trehalose metabolism in plants, Trends Plant Sci., 4, 315–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01446-6, 1999.
Gunasekaran, R., Janakiraman, D., Rajapandian, S. G. K., Appavu, S. P., Namperumalsamy Venkatesh, P., and Prajna, L.: Periconia species – An unusual fungal pathogen causing mycotic keratitis, Indian J. Med. Microbiol., 39, 36–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2020.10.006, 2021.
Gusareva, E. S., Acerbi, E., Lau, K. J., Luhung, I., Premkrishnan, B. N., Kolundžija, S., Purbojati, R. W., Wong, A., Houghton, J. N., and Miller, D.: Microbial communities in the tropical air ecosystem follow a precise diel cycle, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 23299–23308, 2019.
Hicks, C. W., Sweeney, D. A., Cui, X., Li, Y., and Eichacker, P. Q.: An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users, Intensive Care Med., 38, 1092–1104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2541-0, 2012.
Hoose, C., Kristjánsson, J. E., and Burrows, S. M.: How important is biological ice nucleation in clouds on a global scale?, Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 024009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024009, 2010.
Hrynkiewicz, K., Baum, C., and Leinweber, P.: Density, metabolic activity, and identity of cultivable rhizosphere bacteria on Salix viminalis in disturbed arable and landfill soils, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 173, 747–756, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200900286, 2010.
Hu, W., Wang, Z., Huang, S., Ren, L., Yue, S., Li, P., Xie, Q., Zhao, W., Wei, L., Ren, H., Wu, L., Deng, J., and Fu, P.: Biological aerosol particles in polluted regions, Curr. Pollut. Rep., 6, 65–89, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-020-00138-4, 2020.
Huang, S., Hu, W., Chen, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, D., and Fu, P.: Overview of biological ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere, Environ. Int., 146, 106197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106197, 2021.
Huffman, J. A., Sinha, B., Garland, R. M., Snee-Pollmann, A., Gunthe, S. S., Artaxo, P., Martin, S. T., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Size distributions and temporal variations of biological aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest characterized by microscopy and real-time UV-APS fluorescence techniques during AMAZE-08, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11997–12019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11997-2012, 2012.
Huffman, J. A., Prenni, A. J., DeMott, P. J., Pohlker, C., Mason, R. H., Robinson, N. H., Frohlich-Nowoisky, J., Tobo, Y., Despres, V. R., Garcia, E., Gochis, D. J., Harris, E., Mueller-Germann, I., Ruzene, C., Schmer, B., Sinha, B., Day, D. A., Andreae, M. O., Jimenez, J. L., Gallagher, M., Kreidenweis, S. M., Bertram, A. K., and Poschl, U.: High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6151–6164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013, 2013.
Hui, N., Jumpponen, A., Francini, G., Kotze, D. J., Liu, X., Romantschuk, M., Strömmer, R., and Setälä, H.: Soil microbial communities are shaped by vegetation type and park age in cities under cold climate, Environ. Microbiol., 19, 1281–1295, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13660, 2017.
Hummel, M., Hoose, C., Gallagher, M., Healy, D. A., Huffman, J. A., O'Connor, D., Pöschl, U., Pöhlker, C., Robinson, N. H., Schnaiter, M., Sodeau, J. R., Stengel, M., Toprak, E., and Vogel, H.: Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6127–6146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6127-2015, 2015.
Jia, Y. and Fraser, M.: Characterization of saccharides in size-fractionated ambient particulate matter and aerosol sources: The contribution of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and soil to ambient particulate matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 930–936, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103104e, 2011.
Jiang, X. Q., Wang, C. H., Guo, J. Y., Hou, J. H., Guo, X., Zhang, H. Y., Tan, J., Li, M., Li, X., and Zhu, H. Q.: Global meta-analysis of airborne bacterial communities and associations with anthropogenic activities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 9891–9902, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07923, 2022.
Jones, A. M. and Harrison, R. M.: The effects of meteorological factors on atmospheric bioaerosol concentrations – A review, Sci. Total Environ., 326, 151–180, 2004.
Kamada, T., Sano, H., Nakazawa, T., and Nakahori, K.: Regulation of fruiting body photomorphogenesis in Coprinopsis cinerea, Fungal Genet. Biol., 47, 917–921, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2010.05.003, 2010.
Kang, M., Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Yang, F., Zhang, H., Zang, Z., Ren, H., Ren, L., Zhao, Y., Sun, Y., and Wang, Z.: Characterization of biogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols in the marine atmosphere over the East China Sea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13947–13967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13947-2018, 2018.
Kaur, S. and Suseela, V.: Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome, Metabolites, 10, 335, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10080335, 2020.
Knights, D., Kuczynski, J., Charlson, E. S., Zaneveld, J., Mozer, M. C., Collman, R. G., Bushman, F. D., Knight, R., and Kelley, S. T.: Bayesian community-wide culture-independent microbial source tracking, Nat. Method., 8, 761–763, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1650, 2011.
Kramer, C. L.: Production, release and dispersal of basidiospores, in: Decomposer basidiomycetes: Their biology and ecology, edited by: Frankland, J. C., et al., Cambridge University Press, 33–49, 1982.
Li, J., Wang, G., Zhou, B., Cheng, C., Cao, J., Shen, Z., and An, Z.: Airborne particulate organics at the summit (2060 m, a.s.l.) of Mt. Hua in central China during winter: Implications for biofuel and coal combustion, Atmos. Res., 106, 108–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.11.012, 2012.
Liu, H., Hu, Z., Zhou, M., Hu, J., Yao, X., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Lou, L., Xi, C., Qian, H., Li, C., Xu, X., Zheng, P., and Hu, B.: The distribution variance of airborne microorganisms in urban and rural environments, Environ. Pollut., 247, 898–906, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.090, 2019.
Liu, H., Hu, Z., Zhou, M., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Hu, J., Yao, X., Lou, L., and Xi, C.: Airborne microorganisms exacerbate the formation of atmospheric ammonium and sulfate, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114293, 2020.
Lladó, S., López-Mondéjar, R., and Baldrian, P.: Forest soil bacteria: Diversity, involvement in ecosystem processes, and response to global change, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 81, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00063-16, 2017.
Long, T., Ye, Z., Tang, Y., Shi, J., Wen, J., Chen, C., and Huo, Q.: Comparison of bacterial community structure in PM2.5 during hazy and non-hazy periods in Guilin, South China, Aerobiologia, 39, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-022-09777-0, 2022.
Mace, K. A., Kubilay, N., and Duce, R. A.: Organic nitrogen in rain and aerosol in the eastern Mediterranean atmosphere: An association with atmospheric dust, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4320, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002997, 2003.
Martiny, J. B. H., Bohannan, B. J. M., Brown, J. H., Colwell, R. K., Fuhrman, J. A., Green, J. L., Horner-Devine, M. C., Kane, M., Krumins, J. A., Kuske, C. R., Morin, P. J., Naeem, S., Øvreås, L., Reysenbach, A.-L., Smith, V. H., and Staley, J. T.: Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 4, 102–112, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1341, 2006.
Marynowski, L., Goryl, M., Bucha, M., Smolarek-Lach, J., Detman, A., Sikora, A., Chojnacka, A., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Trehalose, mannitol and arabitol as indicators of fungal metabolism in Late Cretaceous and Miocene deposits, Int. J. Coal Geol., 201, 51–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2018.11.003, 2019.
Medeiros, P. M., Conte, M. H., Weber, J. C., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Sugars as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1694–1705, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.001, 2006a.
Mazar, Y., Cytryn, E., Erel, Y., and Rudich, Y.: Effect of dust storms on the atmospheric microbiome in the Eastern Mediterranean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4194–4202, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06348, 2016.
Medeiros, P. M., Fernandes, M. F., Dick, R. P., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Seasonal variations in sugar contents and microbial community in a ryegrass soil, Chemosphere, 65, 832–839, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.025, 2006b.
Monedero, V., Pérez-Martínez, G., and Yebra, M. J.: Perspectives of engineering lactic acid bacteria for biotechnological polyol production, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 86, 1003–1015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2494-6, 2010.
Nagy, L. G., Hazi, J., Szappanos, B., Kocsubé, S., Bálint, B., Rakhely, G., Vágvölgyi, C., and Papp, T.: The evolution of defense mechanisms correlate with the explosive diversification of autodigesting Coprinellus mushrooms (Agaricales, Fungi), Syst. Biol., 61, 595–607, 2012.
Ning, D., Yuan, M., Wu, L., Zhang, Y., Guo, X., Zhou, X., Yang, Y., Arkin, A. P., Firestone, M. K., and Zhou, J.: A quantitative framework reveals ecological drivers of grassland microbial community assembly in response to warming, Nat. Commun., 11, 4717, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18560-z, 2020.
Niu, M. T., Hu, W., Cheng, B. R., Wu, L. B., Ren, L. J., Deng, J. J., Shen, F. X., and Fu, P. Q.: Influence of rainfall on fungal aerobiota in the urban atmosphere over Tianjin, China: A case study, Atmos. Environ., 12, 100137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100137, 2021.
Núñez, A., García, A. M., Moreno, D. A., and Guantes, R.: Seasonal changes dominate long-term variability of the urban air microbiome across space and time, Environ. Int., 150, 106423, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106423, 2021.
Oduber, F., Calvo, A. I., Castro, A., Alves, C., Blanco-Alegre, C., Fernández-González, D., Barata, J., Calzolai, G., Nava, S., Lucarelli, F., Nunes, T., Rodríguez, A., Vega-Maray, A. M., Valencia-Barrera, R. M., and Fraile, R.: One-year study of airborne sugar compounds: Cross-interpretation with other chemical species and meteorological conditions, Atmos. Res., 251, 105417, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105417, 2021.
Oliveira, M., Ribeiro, H., Delgado, J. L., and Abreu, I.: Seasonal and intradiurnal variation of allergenic fungal spores in urban and rural areas of the North of Portugal, Aerobiologia, 25, 85–98, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-009-9112-z, 2009.
Pickersgill, D. A., Wehking, J., Paulsen, H., Thines, E., Pöschl, U., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., and Després, V. R.: Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi, Biogeosciences Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-452, 2017.
Pöschl, U., Martin, S. T., Sinha, B., Chen, Q., Gunthe, S. S., Huffman, J. A., Borrmann, S., Farmer, D. K., Garland, R. M., Helas, G., Jimenez, J. L., King, S. M., Manzi, A., Mikhailov, E., Pauliquevis, T., Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., Roldin, P., Rose, D., Schneider, J., Su, H., Zorn, S. R., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Rainforest Aerosols as Biogenic Nuclei of Clouds and Precipitation in the Amazon, Science, 329, 1513–1516, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191056, 2010.
Prass, M., Andreae, M. O., de Araùjo, A. C., Artaxo, P., Ditas, F., Elbert, W., Förster, J. D., Franco, M. A., Hrabe de Angelis, I., Kesselmeier, J., Klimach, T., Kremper, L. A., Thines, E., Walter, D., Weber, J., Weber, B., Fuchs, B. M., Pöschl, U., and Pöhlker, C.: Bioaerosols in the Amazon rain forest: Temporal variations and vertical profiles of eukarya, bacteria, and archaea, Biogeosciences, 18, 4873–4887, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, 2021.
Prosen, E. M., Radlein, D., Piskorz, J., Scott, D. S., and Legge, R. L.: Microbial utilization of levoglucosan in wood pyrolysate as a carbon and energy source, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 42, 538–541, 1993.
Puxbaum, H. and Tenze-Kunit, M.: Size distribution and seasonal variation of atmospheric cellulose, Atmos. Environ., 37, 3693–3699, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00451-5, 2003.
Puxbaum, H., Caseiro, A., Sánchez-Ochoa, A., Kasper-Giebl, A., Claeys, M., Gelencsér, A., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., and Pio, C.: Levoglucosan levels at background sites in Europe for assessing the impact of biomass combustion on the European aerosol background, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D23S05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008114, 2007.
Qi, Y., Li, Y., Xie, W., Lu, R., Mu, F., Bai, W., and Du, S.: Temporal-spatial variations of fungal composition in PM2.5 and source tracking of airborne fungi in mountainous and urban regions, Sci. Total Environ., 708, 135027, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135027, 2020.
Regnat, K., Mach, R., and Mach-Aigner, A.: Erythritol as sweetener – Wherefrom and whereto?, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 102, 587–595, 2018.
Ren, H., Kang, M., Ren, L., Zhao, Y., Pan, X., Yue, S., Li, L., Zhao, W., Wei, L., Xie, Q., Li, J., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P.: The organic molecular composition, diurnal variation, and stable carbon isotope ratios of PM2.5 in Beijing during the 2014 APEC summit, Environ. Pollut., 243, 919–928, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.094, 2018.
Reyes, E. S., de la Cruz, D. R., and Sánchez, J. S.: First fungal spore calendar of the middle-west of the Iberian Peninsula, Aerobiologia, 32, 529–539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-016-9430-x, 2016.
Rogge, W. F., Medeiros, P. M., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Organic marker compounds in surface soils of crop fields from the San Joaquin Valley fugitive dust characterization study, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8183–8204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.030, 2007.
Samaké, A., Bonin, A., Jaffrezo, J. L., Taberlet, P., Weber, S., Uzu, G., Jacob, V., Conil, S., and Martins, J. M. F.: High levels of primary biogenic organic aerosols are driven by only a few plant-associated microbial taxa, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5609–5628, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5609-2020, 2020.
Santl-Temkiv, T., Sikoparija, B., Maki, T., Carotenuto, F., Amato, P., Yao, M. S., Morris, C. E., Schnell, R., Jaenicke, R., Pohlker, C., DeMott, P. J., Hill, T. C. J., and Huffman, J. A.: Bioaerosol field measurements: Challenges and perspectives in outdoor studies, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 54, 520–546, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2019.1676395, 2020.
Savage, D., Barbetti, M. J., Macleod, W. J., Salam, M. U., and Renton, M.: Mobile traps are better than stationary traps for surveillance of airborne fungal spores, Crop Protect., 36, 23–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.01.015, 2012.
Schliemann, W., Ammer, C., and Strack, D.: Metabolite profiling of mycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula, Phytochemistry, 69, 112–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.032, 2008.
Schumacher, C. J., Pöhlker, C., Aalto, P., Hiltunen, V., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Pöschl, U., and Huffman, J. A.: Seasonal cycles of fluorescent biological aerosol particles in boreal and semi-arid forests of Finland and Colorado, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11987–12001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11987-2013, 2013.
Shen, F., Zheng, Y., Niu, M., Zhou, F., Wu, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, T., Wu, Y., Wu, Z., and Hu, M.: Characteristics of biological particulate matters at urban and rural sites in the North China Plain, Environ. Pollut., 253, 569–577, 2019.
Shen, F. and Yao, M.: Bioaerosol nexus of air quality, climate system and human health, National Science Open, 2, 20220050, https://doi.org/10.1360/nso/20220050, 2022.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Schauer, J. J., Nolte, C. G., Oros, D. R., Elias, V. O., Fraser, M. P., Rogge, W. F., and Cass, G. R.: Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles, Atmos. Environ., 33, 173–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00145-9, 1999.
Simoneit, B. R. T.: Biomass burning – A review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion, Appl. Geochem., 17, 129–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00061-0, 2002.
Singh, H. W., Wade, R. M., and Sherwood, A. R.: Diurnal patterns of airborne algae in the Hawaiian Islands: A preliminary study, Aerobiologia, 34, 363–373, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-018-9519-5, 2018.
Solomon, P. S., Waters, O. D., and Oliver, R. P.: Decoding the mannitol enigma in filamentous fungi, Trends Microbiol., 15, 257–262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2007.04.002, 2007.
Steven, B., Chen, M. Q., Greer, C. W., Whyte, L. G., and Niederberger, T. D.: Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, spore-forming bacterium isolated from Canadian high Arctic permafrost, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 58, 1497–1501, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65101-0, 2008.
Sullivan, A. P., Frank, N., Kenski, D. M., and Collett Jr., J. L.: Application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography–pulsed amperometric detection for measuring carbohydrates in routine daily filter samples collected by a national network: 2. Examination of sugar alcohols/polyols, sugars, and anhydrosugars in the upper Midwest, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D08303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014169, 2011.
Taipale, D., Kerminen, V. M., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., and Niinemets, Ü.: Modelling the influence of biotic plant stress on atmospheric aerosol particle processes throughout a growing season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17389–17431, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17389-2021, 2021.
Upadhyay, R., Meena, M., Prasad, V., Zehra, A., and Gupta, V.: Mannitol metabolism during pathogenic fungal–host interactions under stressed conditions, Front. Microbiol., 6, 1019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01019, 2015.
Van der Nest, M. A., Steenkamp, E. T., McTaggart, A. R., Trollip, C., Godlonton, T., Sauerman, E., Roodt, D., Naidoo, K., Coetzee, M. P. A., and Wilken, P. M.: Saprophytic and pathogenic fungi in the Ceratocystidaceae differ in their ability to metabolize plant-derived sucrose, BMC Evol. Biol., 15, 1–20, 2015.
Verma, S. K., Kawamura, K., Yang, F., Fu, P., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z.: Measurement report: Diurnal and temporal variations of sugar compounds in suburban aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing, China-an influence of biogenic and anthropogenic sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4959–4978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, 2021.
Walmsley, A. R., Barrett, M. P., Bringaud, F., and Gould, G. W.: Sugar transporters from bacteria, parasites and mammals: Structure–activity relationships, Trends Biochem. Sci., 23, 476–481, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01326-7, 1998.
Wang, F., Ouyang, D., Zhou, Z., Page, S. J., Liu, D., and Zhao, X.: Lignocellulosic biomass as sustainable feedstock and materials for power generation and energy storage, J. Energy Chem., 57, 247–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.08.060, 2021.
Wang, Y., Qi, J., Han, C., Zhang, T., and Zhang, D.: Microbial characteristics of culturable fungi and bacteria in aerosol particles of a coastal region, Aerobiologia, 36, 507–525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-020-09648-6, 2020.
Wemheuer, F., Kaiser, K., Karlovsky, P., Daniel, R., Vidal, S., and Wemheuer, B.: Bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural important grass species differ in their response towards management regimes, Sci. Rep., 7, 40914, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40914, 2017.
Womack, A. M., Bohannan, B. J., and Green, J. L.: Biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond. B, 365, 3645–3653, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0283, 2010.
Wu, X., Cao, F., Haque, M., Fan, M.-Y., Zhang, S.-C., and Zhang, Y.-L.: Molecular composition and source apportionment of fine organic aerosols in Northeast China, Atmos. Environ., 239, 117722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117722, 2020.
Xu, A. L., Song, Z. W., Lang, X. L., Chen, X., and Xia, Y.: Seasonal variability in bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition of the near-surface atmosphere in coastal megacity, Aerobiologia, 33, 555–575, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-017-9489-z, 2017.
Xu, C., Chen, J., Wang, Z., Chen, H., Feng, H., Wang, L., Xie, Y., Wang, Z., Ye, X., Kan, H., Zhao, Z., and Mellouki, A.: Diverse bacterial populations of PM2.5 in urban and suburb Shanghai, China, Front. Env. Sci. Eng., 15, 37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1329-7, 2021.
Yan, C., Sullivan, A. P., Cheng, Y., Zheng, M., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Collett, J. L.: Characterization of saccharides and associated usage in determining biogenic and biomass burning aerosols in atmospheric fine particulate matter in the North China Plain, Sci. Total Environ., 650, 2939–2950, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.325, 2019.
Yan, D., Zhang, T., Su, J., Zhao, L., Wang, H., Fang, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., and Yu, L.: Structural variation in the bacterial community associated with airborne particulate matter in Beijing, China, during hazy and nonhazy days, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 84, e00004–18, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00004-18, 2018.
Yang, L. B., Dai, X. M., Zheng, Z. Y., Zhu, L., Zhan, X. B., and Lin, C. C.: Proteomic analysis of erythritol-producing Yarrowia lipolytica from glycerol in response to osmotic pressure, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 25, 1056–1069, https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1412.12026, 2015.
Yao, M.: Bioaerosol: A bridge and opportunity for many scientific research fields, J. Aerosol Sci., 119, 91–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.01.009, 2018.
Yi, Y., Meng, J., Hou, Z., Wang, G., Zhou, R., Li, Z., Li, Y., Chen, M., Liu, X., Li, H., and Yan, L.: Contrasting compositions and sources of organic aerosol markers in summertime PM2.5 from urban and mountainous regions in the North China Plain, Sci. Total Environ., 766, 144187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144187, 2021.
Yue, S., Ren, H., Fan, S., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., and Fu, P.: Springtime precipitation effects on the abundance of fluorescent biological aerosol particles and HULIS in Beijing, Sci. Rep., 6, 29618, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29618, 2016.
Zancan, P. and Sola-Penna, M.: Trehalose and glycerol stabilize and renature yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase inactivated by very high temperatures, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 444, 52–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2005.09.014, 2005.
Zhai, Y., Li, X., Wang, T., Wang, B., Li, C., and Zeng, G.: A review on airborne microorganisms in particulate matters: Composition, characteristics and influence factors, Environ. Int., 113, 74–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.007, 2018.
Zhang, D., Murata, K., Hu, W., Yuan, H., Li, W., Matsusaki, H., and Kakikawa, M.: Concentration and Viability of Bacterial Aerosols Associated with Weather in Asian Continental Outflow: Current Understanding, Aerosol. Sci. Eng., 1, 66–77, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-017-0008-y, 2017.
Zhao, J., Jin, L., Wu, D., Xie, J., Li, J., Fu, X., Cong, Z., Fu, P., Zhang, Y., Luo, X., Feng, X., Zhang, G., Tiedje, J. M., and Li, X.: Global airborne bacterial community – Interactions with Earth's microbiomes and anthropogenic activities, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2204465119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2204465119, 2022.
Zhao, Y., Ren, H., Deng, J., Li, L., Hu, W., Ren, L., Yue, S., Fan, Y., Wu, L., Li, J., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Akimoto, H., Zeng, X., Cheng, Y., Kong, S., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P.: High daytime abundance of primary organic aerosols over Mt. Emei, Southwest China in summer, Sci. Total Environ., 703, 134475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134475, 2020.
Zhu, C., Kawamura, K., and Kunwar, B.: Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles at subtropical Okinawa Island in the western North Pacific Rim, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 5504–5523, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023611, 2015.
Zhu, C., Kawamura, K., Fukuda, Y., Mochida, M., and Iwamoto, Y.: Fungal spores overwhelm biogenic organic aerosols in a midlatitudinal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7497–7506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7497-2016, 2016.
Short summary
Sugar compounds in air can trace the source of bioaerosols that affect public health and climate. In rural north China, we observed increased fungal activity at night and less variable bacterial community diversity. Certain night-increasing sugar compounds were more closely related to fungi than bacteria. The fungal community greatly influenced sugar compounds, while bacteria played a limited role. Caution is advised when using sugar compounds to trace airborne microbes, particularly bacteria.
Sugar compounds in air can trace the source of bioaerosols that affect public health and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint