Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1903-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1903-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Apr 2017
Research article |
| 07 Apr 2017
The effects of different environmental factors on the biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea
Jang Han Lee
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Dabin Lee
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Jae Joong Kang
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Hui Tae Joo
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Jae Hyung Lee
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Ho Won Lee
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
So Hyun Ahn
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Chang Keun Kang
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of
Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
Sang Heon Lee
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu,
Busan 46241, Korea
Related authors
P. Sadanandan Bhavya, Jang Han Lee, Ho Won Lee, Jae Joong Kang, Jae Hyung Lee, Dabin Lee, So Hyun An, Dean A. Stockwell, Terry E. Whitledge, and Sang Heon Lee
Biogeosciences, 15, 5503–5517, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5503-2018, 2018
Sang Heon Lee, Jang Han Lee, Howon Lee, Jae Joong Kang, Jae Hyung Lee, Dabin Lee, SoHyun An, Dean A. Stockwell, and Terry E. Whitledge
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-234, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The Laptev and East Siberian seas are highly dynamic in terms of active processing of organic matters impacting the transport to the deep Arctic Ocean. However, they have been the least biologically studied region in the Arctic Ocean. As a part of the NABOS program, our field-measured data, which are very scarce in this region, such as major inorganic nutrient and chl-a concentrations and carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton in this study will be very valuable for basic ground.
M. S. Yun, T. E. Whitledge, D. Stockwell, S. H. Son, J. H. Lee, J. W. Park, D. B. Lee, J. Park, and S. H. Lee
Biogeosciences, 13, 737–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-737-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-737-2016, 2016
Yong-Woo Lee, Mi-Ok Park, Seong-Gil Kim, Tae-Hoon Kim, Yong-Hwa Oh, Sang Heun Lee, and Dong Joo Joung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1836, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1836, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A long-term pH variation in coastal waters along the Korean peninsula was assessed for the first time, and it exhibited no significant pH change over an 11-year period. This contrasts with the ongoing pH decline in open oceans and other coastal areas. Analysis of environmental data showed that pH is mainly controlled by dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. This suggests that ocean warming could cause a pH decline in Korean coastal waters, affecting many fish and seaweeds aquaculture operations.
P. Sadanandan Bhavya, Jang Han Lee, Ho Won Lee, Jae Joong Kang, Jae Hyung Lee, Dabin Lee, So Hyun An, Dean A. Stockwell, Terry E. Whitledge, and Sang Heon Lee
Biogeosciences, 15, 5503–5517, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5503-2018, 2018
Mianrun Chen, Dongyoung Kim, Hongbin Liu, and Chang-Keun Kang
Biogeosciences, 15, 2055–2073, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2055-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2055-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The trophic preference (i.e., food resources and trophic levels) of different copepod groups was assessed along a salinity gradient in the temperate estuarine Gwangyang Bay of Korea, based on a seasonal investigation of taxonomic results in 2015 and stable isotope analysis incorporating multiple linear regression models. Our results depict a simple energy flow of the planktonic food web of Gwangyang Bay.
Sang H. Lee, Bo Kyung Kim, Yu Jeong Lim, HuiTae Joo, Jae Joong Kang, Dabin Lee, Jisoo Park, Sun-Yong Ha, and Sang Hoon Lee
Biogeosciences, 14, 3705–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3705-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3705-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little information on the contribution of small-sized phytoplankton is currently available in the Amundsen Sea. Based on a strong negative correlation between the contributions of small phytoplankton and the total daily primary production of phytoplankton found in this study, we concluded that a potential decrease in total primary production would be led by increasing contribution of small phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea under rapidly warming environmental conditions.
Sang Heon Lee, Jang Han Lee, Howon Lee, Jae Joong Kang, Jae Hyung Lee, Dabin Lee, SoHyun An, Dean A. Stockwell, and Terry E. Whitledge
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-234, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The Laptev and East Siberian seas are highly dynamic in terms of active processing of organic matters impacting the transport to the deep Arctic Ocean. However, they have been the least biologically studied region in the Arctic Ocean. As a part of the NABOS program, our field-measured data, which are very scarce in this region, such as major inorganic nutrient and chl-a concentrations and carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton in this study will be very valuable for basic ground.
Soon-Young Park, Dong-Hyeok Kim, Soon-Hwan Lee, and Hwa Woon Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3631–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3631-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3631-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve the predictability of air quality, we optimize initial ozone state throughout the 4D-Var data assimilation. Previously developed code for the data assimilation has been modified to consider background error in matrix form, and various numerical tests are conducted. A surface observational assimilation is conducted and the statistical results for the 12 h assimilation periods show a 49.4 % decrease in RMSE and a 59.9 % increase in IOA.
M. S. Yun, T. E. Whitledge, D. Stockwell, S. H. Son, J. H. Lee, J. W. Park, D. B. Lee, J. Park, and S. H. Lee
Biogeosciences, 13, 737–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-737-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-737-2016, 2016
Y.-T. Son, K.-I. Chang, S.-T. Yoon, T. Rho, J. H. Kwak, C. K. Kang, and K.-R. Kim
Biogeosciences, 11, 1319–1329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1319-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1319-2014, 2014
J. H. Kwak, S. H. Lee, H. J. Park, E. J. Choy, H. D. Jeong, K. R. Kim, and C. K. Kang
Biogeosciences, 10, 4405–4417, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4405-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4405-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Variable contribution of wastewater treatment plant effluents to downstream nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions
Distribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic equatorial estuary: the Johor River and the East Johor Strait
Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Quantification and mitigation of bottom-trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Multi-model comparison of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the northwest European continental shelf under climate change
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
The Northeast Greenland shelf as a late-summer CO2 source to the atmosphere
A comprehensive assessment of electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement in seawater: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Dissolved Nitric Oxide in the Lower Elbe Estuary and the Hamburg Port Area
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
The estimates of carbon sequestration potential in an expanding Arctic fjord affected by dark plumes of glacial meltwater (Hornsund, Svalbard)
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred from δ13C and δ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Influence of manganese cycling on alkalinity in the redox stratified water column of Chesapeake Bay
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Drivers of particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system
Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
High metabolism and periodic hypoxia associated with drifting macrophyte detritus in the shallow subtidal Baltic Sea
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Contrasts in dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf
Sediment quality assessment in an industrialized Greek coastal marine area (western Saronikos Gulf)
Limits and CO2 equilibration of near-coast alkalinity enhancement
Role of phosphorus in the seasonal deoxygenation of the East China Sea shelf
Interannual variability of the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period in two French coastal ecosystems
Spatio-temporal distribution, photoreactivity and environmental control of dissolved organic matter in the sea-surface microlayer of the eastern marginal seas of China
Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage
A Numerical reassessment of the Gulf of Mexico carbon system in connection with the Mississippi River and global ocean
Weiyi Tang, Jeff Talbott, Timothy Jones, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 21, 3239–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of WWTPs on the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O in downstream aquatic environments is less constrained. We found spatially and temporally variable but overall higher N2O concentrations and fluxes in waters downstream of WWTPs, pointing to the need for efficient N2O removal in addition to the treatment of nitrogen in WWTPs.
Amanda Y. L. Cheong, Kogila Vani Annammala, Ee Ling Yong, Yongli Zhou, Robert S. Nichols, and Patrick Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 2955–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and dissolved organic matter for 1 year in a eutrophic tropical estuary to understand their sources and cycling. Our data show that the dissolved organic matter originates partly from land and partly from microbial processes in the water. Internal recycling is likely important for maintaining high nutrient concentrations, and we found that there is often excess nitrogen compared to silicon and phosphorus. Our data help to explain how eutrophication persists in this system.
Aaron Ferderer, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Kirralee G. Baker, Zanna Chase, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising method of atmospheric carbon removal; however, its ecological impacts remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on diatom silicification. We found that increased silicate concentrations from silicate-based OAE increased diatom silicification. In contrast, the enhancement of alkalinity had no effect on community silicification and minimal effects on the silicification of different genera.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 2705–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called ocean alkalinization enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
Biogeosciences, 21, 2547–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 2335–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
Biogeosciences, 21, 2143–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows that, under a high-emission scenario, oxygen concentration in deep water of parts of the North Sea and Celtic Sea can become critically low (hypoxia) towards the end of this century. The extent and frequency of hypoxia depends on the intensity of climate change projected by different climate models. This is the result of a complex combination of factors like warming, increase in stratification, changes in the currents and changes in biological processes.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences, 21, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation, as found in coastal upwelling off Chile. We have identified the crucial role of picoplankton (> 3 µm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (trimethylamine and methylphosphonic acid) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding CH4 emission estimates.
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-692, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-692, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CO2 removal method but its environmental effects are insufficiently understood. The OAE Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) provides funding for a standardized and globally replicated microcosm experiment to study the effects of OAE on plankton communities. Here, we provide a detailed manual on the OAEPIIP experiment. We expect OAEPIIP to help build scientific consensus on the effects of OAE on plankton.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Esdoorn Willcox, Marcos Lemes, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Johnna Michelle Holding, and Søren Rysgaard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-6, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For this work we measured the chemistry of seawater from bottles obtained from different depths, lon- and latitudes off the east coast of the Northeast Greenland national park to determine what is influencing concentrations of dissolved CO2. Historically, the region has always been thought to take up CO2 from the atmosphere but we show that it is possible for the region to become a source in late summer and discuss what variables may be related to such changes.
Mallory Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon, Brendan Carter, and Matthew Eisaman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-108, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-108, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to store atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate. We monitored CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH to establish operational boundaries for carbon removal experiments. Preliminary results show CO2 equilibration occurred on order of weeks to months, was consistent with values expected from equilibration calculations, and was limited by mineral precipitation at high pH and CaCO3 saturation.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3009, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. We found that the lower Elbe Estuary and the Hamburg Port area were a source of atmospheric NO. Our results suggest that NO in the lower Elbe Estuary was produced during nitrification, whereas NO in the Hamburg Port area was produced during nitrifier-denitrification.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Marlena Szeligowska, Déborah Benkort, Anna Przyborska, Mateusz Moskalik, Bernabé Moreno, Emilia Trudnowska, and Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-162, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
European Arctic experiences rapid regional warming resulting in the retreat of glaciers terminating in the sea onto land. Due to this process, area of one of the well-studied fjords, Hornsund, increased by 100 km2 and 38 %. Using improved mathematical model, we estimated that despite some negative consequences of glacial meltwater release such newly ice-free area markedly contribute to atmospheric carbon uptake and become efficient carbon sinks.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, George W. Luther, Emily R. Estes, Jennifer Necker, Bradley M. Tebo, Jianzhong Su, and Wei-Jun Cai
Biogeosciences, 20, 3053–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The intensity of the oceanic trap of CO2 released by anthropogenic activities depends on the alkalinity brought by continental weathering. Between ocean and continent, coastal water and estuaries can limit or favour the alkalinity transfer. This study investigate new interactions between dissolved metals and alkalinity in the oxygen-depleted zone of estuaries.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Moritz Baumann, Allanah Joy Paul, Jan Taucher, Lennart Thomas Bach, Silvan Goldenberg, Paul Stange, Fabrizio Minutolo, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 2595–2612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking velocity of marine particles affects how much atmospheric CO2 is stored inside our oceans. We measured particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system and assessed their physical and biochemical drivers. We found that sinking velocity was mainly influenced by particle size and porosity, while ballasting minerals played only a minor role. Our findings help us to better understand the particle sinking dynamics in this highly productive marine system.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Karl M. Attard, Anna Lyssenko, and Iván F. Rodil
Biogeosciences, 20, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic plants produce a large amount of organic matter through photosynthesis that, following erosion, is deposited on the seafloor. In this study, we show that plant detritus can trigger low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in shallow coastal waters, making conditions challenging for most marine animals. We propose that the occurrence of hypoxia may be underestimated because measurements typically do not consider the region closest to the seafloor, where detritus accumulates.
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Georgia Filippi, Manos Dassenakis, Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou, and Konstantinos Lazogiannis
Biogeosciences, 20, 163–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The pollution of the western Saronikos Gulf from heavy metals has been examined through the study of marine sediment cores. It is a deep gulf (maximum depth 440 m) near Athens affected by industrial and volcanic activity. Eight cores were received from various stations and depths and analysed for their heavy metal content and geochemical characteristics. The results were evaluated by using statistical methods, environmental indicators and comparisons with old data.
Jing He and Michael D. Tyka
Biogeosciences, 20, 27–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has gained interest as a scalable way to address the urgent need for negative CO2 emissions. In this paper we examine the capacity of different coastlines to tolerate alkalinity enhancement and the time scale of CO2 uptake following the addition of a given quantity of alkalinity. The results suggest that OAE has significant potential and identify specific favorable and unfavorable coastlines for its deployment.
Arnaud Laurent, Haiyan Zhang, and Katja Fennel
Biogeosciences, 19, 5893–5910, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Changjiang is the main terrestrial source of nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS). Nutrient delivery to the ECS has been increasing since the 1960s, resulting in low oxygen (hypoxia) during phytoplankton decomposition in summer. River phosphorus (P) has increased less than nitrogen, and therefore, despite the large nutrient delivery, phytoplankton growth can be limited by the lack of P. Here, we investigate this link between P limitation, phytoplankton production/decomposition, and hypoxia.
Coline Poppeschi, Guillaume Charria, Anne Daniel, Romaric Verney, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Michaël Retho, Eric Goberville, Emilie Grossteffan, and Martin Plus
Biogeosciences, 19, 5667–5687, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to understand interannual changes in the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period (IPGP) in the current context of global climate changes over the last 20 years. An important variability in the timing of the IPGP is observed with a trend towards a later IPGP during this last decade. The role and the impact of extreme events (cold spells, floods, and wind burst) on the IPGP is also detailed.
Lin Yang, Jing Zhang, Anja Engel, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5251–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enrichment factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the eastern marginal seas of China exhibited a significant spatio-temporal variation. Photochemical and enrichment processes co-regulated DOM enrichment in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Autochthonous DOM was more frequently enriched in the SML than terrestrial DOM. DOM in the sub-surface water exhibited higher aromaticity than that in the SML.
Mona Norbisrath, Johannes Pätsch, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Gesa Schulz, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 19, 5151–5165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Total alkalinity (TA) regulates the oceanic storage capacity of atmospheric CO2. TA is also metabolically generated in estuaries and influences coastal carbon storage through its inflows. We used water samples and identified the Hamburg port area as the one with highest TA generation. Of the overall riverine TA load, 14 % is generated within the estuary. Using a biogeochemical model, we estimated potential effects on the coastal carbon storage under possible anthropogenic and climate changes.
Le Zhang and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences, 19, 4589–4618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4589-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4589-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We adopt a high-resolution carbon model for the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and calculate the decadal trends of important carbon system variables in the GoM from 2001 to 2019. The GoM surface CO2 values experienced a steady increase over the past 2 decades, and the ocean surface pH is declining. Although carbonate saturation rates remain supersaturated with aragonite, they show a slightly decreasing trend. The northern GoM is a stronger carbon sink than we thought.
Cited articles
Baek, S., Kim, D., Hyun, B., Choi, H., and Kim, Y.: Characteristics of horizontal community distribution and nutrient limitation on growth rate of phytoplankton during a winter in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, Ocean and Polar Research, 33, 99–111, 2011.
Baek, S. H., Kim, D., Son, M., Yun, S. M., and Kim, Y. O.: Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton assemblages and nutrient-enriched bioassays as indicators of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 163, 265–278, 2015.
Bligh, E. G. and Dyer, W. J.: A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, Can. Jo. Biochem. Phys., 37, 911–917, 1959.
Boëchat, I. G. and Giani, A.: Seasonality affects diel cycles of seston biochemical composition in a tropical reservoir, J. Plankton Res., 30, 1417–1430, 2008.
Cauwet, G.: Organic-chemistry of sea-water particulates concepts and developments, Oceanol. Acta, 1, 99–105, 1978.
Cembella, A. D., Antia, N. J., Harrison, P. J., and Rhee, G.: The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorous compounds as nutrients by eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective: part 2, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 11, 13–81, 1984.
Cho, K., Wui, I., and Choi, C.: Ecological study of phytoplankton in the Kwang-Yang Bay, Korean J. Environ. Biol, 12, 137–150, 1994.
Choi, S. and Noh, I.: A Study of the Environmental Characteristics and the Structure of the Phytoplankton Community, The Korean S. Marine Environ. Eng., Spring meeting, May, Ansan, Korea, 213–220, 1998.
Cloern, J. E. and Nichols, F. H.: Time scales and mechanisms of estuarine variability, a synthesis from studies of San Francisco Bay, Hydrobiologia, 129, 229–237, 1985.
Cuhel, R. L. and Lean, D. R.: Influence of light intensity, light quality, temperature, and daylength on uptake and assimilation of carbon dioxide and sulfate by lake plankton, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44, 2118–2132, 1987.
Danovaro, R. and Fabiano, M.: Seasonal changes in quality and quantity of food available for benthic suspension-feeders in the Golfo Marconi (North-western Mediterranean), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 44, 723–736, 1997.
Danovaro, R., Della Croce, N., and Fabiano, M.: Biochemical composition of particulate organic matter and bacterial dynamics at the sediment–water interface in a Mediterranean seagrass system, in: Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems: Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling, Springer, the Netherlands, 241–251, 1998.
Danovaro, R., Dell'Anno, A., Pusceddu, A., Marrale, D., Della Croce, N., Fabiano, M., and Tselepides, A.: Biochemical composition of pico-, nano-and micro-particulate organic matter and bacterioplankton biomass in the oligotrophic Cretan Sea (NE Mediterranean), Prog. Oceanogr., 46, 279–310, 2000.
Dhargalkar, V. K., Matondkar, S. P., and Verlecar, X. N.: Seasonal variations in carbon budget in water column off Princess Astrid coast, Antarctica, Department of Ocean Development, Scientific report, India, 10, 259–266, 1996.
Díaz, E., Valencia, V., and Villate, F.: Size-fractionated seston abundance and biochemical composition, over the anchovy spawning period in the Basque shelf (Bay of Biscay), during years 2000 and 2001, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 341, 45–59, 2007.
Dortch, Q. and Whitledge, T. E.: Does nitrogen or silicon limit phytoplankton production in the Mississippi River plume and nearby regions?, Cont. Shelf Res., 12, 1293–1309, 1992.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P., and Smith, F.: Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances, Anal. Chem., 28, 350–356, 1956.
Elrifi, I. R. and Turpin, D. H.: Steady-state luxury consumption and the concept of optimum nutrient ratios: A study with phosphate and nitrate limited Selenastrum Minutum (Chlorophyta), J. Phycol., 21, 592–602, 1985.
Eppley, R. W., Rogers, J. N., and McCarthy, J. J.: Half-saturation constants for uptake of nitrate and ammonium by marine phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 912–920, 1969.
Fabiano, M. and Pusceddu, A.: Total and hydrolizable particulate organic matter (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) at a coastal station in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica), Polar Biol., 19, 125–132, 1998.
Fabiano, M., Zavattarelli, M., and Palmero, S.: Observations sur la matiere organique particulaire en Mer Ligure (chlorophylle, proteines, glucides, lipides), Tethys, 11, 133–140, 1984.
Fabiano, M., Povero, P., and Danovaro, R.: Distribution and composition of particulate organic matter in the Ross Sea (Antarctica), Polar Biol., 13, 525–533, 1993.
Fabiano, M., Povero, P., and Danovaro, R.: Particulate organic matter composition in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) during summer 1990, Antarct. Sci., 8, 7–14, 1996.
Fabiano, M., Danovaro, R., and Povero, P.: Vertical distribution and biochemical composition of pico-and microparticulate organic matter in the Ross Sea (Antarctica), in: Oceanography of the Ross Sea Antarctica, Springer, Milan, 233–246, 1999a.
Fabiano, M., Povero, P., Danovaro, R., and Misic, C.: Particulate organic matter composition in a semi-enclosed Periantarctic system: the Straits of Magellan, Sci. Mar., 63, 89–98, 1999b.
Fichez, R.: Suspended particulate organic matter in a Mediterranean submarine cave, Mar. Biol., 108, 167–174, 1991.
Fisher, T. R., Harding Jr., L. W., Stanley, D. W., and Ward, L. G.: Phytoplankton, nutrients, and turbidity in the Chesapeake, Delaware, ad Hudson Estuaries, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 27, 61–93, 1988.
Goldman, J. C., McCarthy, J. J., and Peavey, D. G.: Growth rate influence on the chemical composition of phytoplankton in oceanic waters, Nature, 279, 210–215, https://doi.org/10.1038/279210a0, 1979.
Graf, G.: Benthic-pelagic coupling: A benthic view, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., 30, 149–190, 1992.
Hama, T., Miyazaki, T., Ogawa, Y., Iwakuma, T., Takahashi, M., Otsuki, A., and Ichimura, S.: Measurement of photosynthetic production of a marine phytoplankton population using a stable 13C Isotope, Mar. Biol., 73, 31–36, 1983.
Harrison, P., Thompson, P., and Calderwood, G.: Effects of nutrient and light limitation on the biochemical composition of phytoplankton, J. Appl. Phycol., 2, 45–56, 1990.
Heraud, P., Wood, B. R., Tobin, M. J., Beardall, J., and McNaughton, D.: Mapping of nutrient-induced biochemical changes in living algal cells using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 249, 219–225, 2005.
Howarth, R. W.: Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 19, 89–110, 1988.
Isla, E., Homs, P., Sañé, E., Escribano, R., Claramunt, G., and Teixidó, N.: Biochemical composition of seston in two upwelling sites within the Humboldt Current System (21 S to 23 S): Summer conditions, J. Marine Syst., 82, 61–71, 2010.
Jang, P., Lee, W., Jang, M., Lee, J., Lee, W., Chang, M., Hwang, K., and Shin, K.: Spatial and temporal distribution of inorganic nutrients and factors controlling their distributions in Gwangyang Bay, Ocean and Polar Research, 27, 359–379, 2005.
Ji, Y. and Sherrell, R. M.: Differential effects of phosphorus limitation on cellular metals in Chlorella and: I Microcystis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 1790–1804, 2008.
Justić, D., Rabalais, N. N., Turner, R. E., and Dortch, Q.: Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 40, 339–356, 1995.
Kakinuma, M., Shibahara, N., Ikeda, H., Maegawa, M., and Amano, H.: Thermal stress responses of a sterile mutant of Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta), Fisheries Sci., 67, 287–294, 2001.
Kakinuma, M., Coury, D., Kuno, Y., Itoh, S., Kozawa, Y., Inagaki, E., Yoshiura, Y., and Amano, H.: Physiological and biochemical responses to thermal and salinity stresses in a sterile mutant of Ulva pertusa (Ulvales, Chlorophyta), Mar. Biol., 149, 97–106, 2006.
Kang, C. K., Lee, P. Y., Kim, P. J., and Choi, H. G.: Daily variation of particulate organic carbon in Wonmun Bay on the south coast of Korea in late summer, J. Kor. Fis. Soc., 26, 279–287, 1983.
Kang, C. K., Kim, J. B., Lee, K., Kim, J. B., Lee, P., and Hong, J.: Trophic importance of benthic microalgae to macrozoobenthos in coastal bay systems in Korea: dual stable C and N isotope analyses, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 259, 79–92, 2003.
Khotimchenko, S. V. and Yakovleva, I. M.: Lipid composition of the red alga Tichocarpus crinitus exposed to different levels of photon irradiance, Phytochemistry, 66, 73–79, 2005.
Kilham, S., Kreeger, D., Goulden, C., and Lynn, S.: Effects of nutrient limitation on biochemical constituents of Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Freshwater Biol., 38, 591–596, 1997.
Kim, B. K., Lee, J. H., Yun, M. S., Joo, H., Song, H. J., Yang, E. J., Chung, K. H., Kang, S., and Lee, S. H.: High lipid composition of particulate organic matter in the northern Chukchi Sea, 2011, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 120, 72–81, 2015.
Kim, B. K., Lee, J. H., Joo, H., Song, H. J., Yang, E. J., Lee, S. H., and Lee, S. H.: Macromolecular compositions of phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 123, 42–49, 2016.
Kim, S., Moon, C., Cho, H., and Lim, D.: Dinoflagellate cysts in coastal sediments as indicators of eutrophication: a case of Gwangyang Bay, South Sea of Korea, Estuar. Coast., 32, 1225–1233, 2009.
Kwak, S., Huh, S. and Kim, H.: Change in Fish Assemblage Inhabiting Around Dae Island in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 18, 175–184, 2012.
Kwon, H., Lee, C., Jun, B., Weon, S., and Koopman, B.: Recycling waste oyster shells for eutrophication control, Resour. Conserv. Recy., 41, 75–82, 2004.
Kwon, K. Y., Moon, C. H., Kang, C. K., and Kim, Y. N.: Distribution of particulate organic matters along salinity gradients in the Seomjin river estuary, J. Kor. Fis. Soc., 35, 86–96, 2002.
Lancelot, C. and Billen, G.: Carbon-nitrogen relationships in nutrient metabolism of coastal marine ecosystems, Advances in Aquatic Microbiology, 3, 263–321, 1985.
Lee, P. Y., Park, C., Moon, C., Park, M., and Gwon, K.: Biomass and species composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton along the salinity gradients in the Seomjin River Estuary, The Sea, 6, 93–102, 2001a.
Lee, P. Y., Kang, C. K., Choi, W. J., and Yang, H. S.: Temporal and spatial variations of particulate organic matter in the southeastern coastal bays of Korea, J. Kor. Fis. Soc., 34, 57–69, 2001b.
Lee, S. H. and Whitledge, T. E.: Primary and new production in the deep Canada Basin during summer 2002, Polar Biol., 28, 190–197, 2005.
Lee, S. H., Kim, H., and Whitledge, T. E.: High incorporation of carbon into proteins by the phytoplankton of the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 29, 1689–1696, 2009.
Lindqvist, K. and Lignell, R.: Intracellular partitioning of 14CO2 in phytoplankton during a growth season in the northern Baltic, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 152, 41–50, 1997.
Lobbes, J. M., Fitznar, H. P., and Kattner, G.: Biogeochemical characteristics of dissolved and particulate organic matter in Russian rivers entering the Arctic Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 64, 2973–2983, 2000.
Lombardi, A. and Wangersky, P.: Influence of phosphorus and silicon on lipid class production by the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis grown in turbidostat cage cultures, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 77, 39–47, 1991.
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265–275, 1951.
Lynn, S. G., Kilham, S. S., Kreeger, D. A., and Interlandi, S. J.: Effect of nutrient availability on the biochemical and elemental stoichiometry in the freshwater diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus (Bacillariophyceae), J. Phycol., 36, 510–522, 2000.
Marsh, J. B. and Weinstein, D. B.: Simple charring method for determination of lipids, J. Lipid. Res., 7, 574–576, 1966.
Mayzaud, P., Chanut, J. P., and Ackman, R. G.: Seasonal changes of the biochemical composition of marine particulate matter with special reference to fatty acids and sterols, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 56, 189–204, 1989.
Min, J. O., Ha, S. Y., Choi, B. H., Chung, M. H., Yoon, W. D., Lee, J. S. and Shin, K. H.: Primary productivity and pigments variation of phytoplankton in the Seomjin River estuary during rainy season in summer, Korean J. Limnol, 44, 303–313, 2011.
Mock, T. and Kroon, B. M.: Photosynthetic energy conversion under extreme conditions – II: the significance of lipids under light limited growth in Antarctic sea ice diatoms, Phytochemistry, 61, 53–60, 2002.
Modica, A., Scilipoti, D., La Torre, R., Manganaro, A., and Sarà, G.: The effect of mariculture facilities on biochemical features of suspended organic matter (southern Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 66, 177–184, 2006.
Morris, I. and Skea W.: Products of photosynthesis in natural populations of marine phytoplankton from the Gulf of Maine, Mar. Biol., 47, 303–312, 1978.
Morris, I., Glover, H., and Yentsch, C.: Products of photosynthesis by marine phytoplankton: the effect of environmental factors on the relative rates of protein synthesis, Mar. Biol., 27, 1–9, 1974.
Navarro, J. and Thompson, R.: Seasonal fluctuations in the size spectra, biochemical composition and nutritive value of the seston available to a suspension-feeding bivalve in a subarctic environment, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 125, 95–106, 1995.
Navarro, J., Clasing, E., Urrutia, G., Asencio, G., Stead, R., and Herrera, C.: Biochemical composition and nutritive value of suspended particulate matter over a tidal flat of southern Chile, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 37, 59–73, 1993.
Nelson, D. M. and Smith, W. O.: Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge – II. Mesoscale cycling of nitrogen and silicon, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 33, 1389–1412, 1986.
Oliveira, M. D., Monteiro, M., Robbs, P., and Leite, S.: Growth and chemical composition of Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis biomass at different temperatures, Aquacult. Int., 7, 261–275, 1999.
Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y., and Lalli, C. M.: A manual of biological and chemical methods for seawater analysis, Publ. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984.
Pirt, S. J.: Principles of microbe and cell cultivation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1975.
Poole, H. H. and Atkins, W. R. G.: Photo-electric measurements of submarine illumination throughout the year, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 16, 297–324, 1929.
Pusceddu, A., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Albertelli, G., and Fabiano, M.: Origin, biochemical composition and vertical flux of particulate organic matter under the pack ice in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) during late summer 1995, Polar Biol., 22, 124–132, 1999.
Redfield, A. C., Ketchum, B. H., and Richards, F. A.: The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater, Comparative and Descriptive Oceanography, 2, MN Hill, 26–77, 1963.
Rice, A., Thurston, M., and Bett, B.: The IOSDL DEEPSEAS programme: introduction and photographic evidence for the presence and absence of a seasonal input of phytodetritus at contrasting abyssal sites in the northeastern Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 41, 1305–1320, 1994.
Rivkin, R. B. and Voytek, M. A.: Photoadaptations of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism by phytoplankton from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. 1. Species-specific and community responses to reduced irradiances, Limnol. Oceanogr., 32, 249–259, 1987.
Roelke, D., Eldridge, P., and Cifuentes, L.: A model of phytoplankton competition for limiting and nonlimiting nutrients: implications for development of estuarine and nearshore management schemes, Estuaries, 22, 92–104, 1999.
Ryther, J. H. and Dunstan, W. M.: Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment, Science, 171, 1008–1013, 1971.
Savoye, N., Aminot, A., Treguer, P., Fontugne, M., Naulet, N., and Kérouel, R.: Dynamics of particulate organic matter δ15N and δ13C during spring phytoplankton blooms in a macrotidal ecosystem (Bay of Seine, France), Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 255, 27–41, 2003.
Shaha, D. C. and Cho, Y.-K.: Comparison of empirical models with intensively observed data for prediction of salt intrusion in the Sumjin River estuary, Korea, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 923–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-923-2009, 2009.
Shifrin, N. S. and Chisholm, S. W.: Phytoplankton lipids: interspecific differences and effects of nitrate silicate and light-dark cycles, J. Phycol., 17, 374–384, 1981.
Sigee, D. C., Bahrami, F., Estrada, B., Webster, R. E., and Dean, A. P.: The influence of phosphorus availability on carbon allocation and P quota in Scenedesmus subspicatus: a synchrotron-based FTIR analysis, Phycologia, 46, 583–592, 2007.
Smith, A. and Morris, I.: Pathways of carbon assimilation in phytoplankton from the Antarctic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25, 865–872, 1980.
Smith, R., Gosselin, M., and Taguchi, S.: The influence of major inorganic nutrients on the growth and physiology of high arctic ice algae, J. Marine Syst., 11, 63–70, 1997.
Smith, R. E., Clement, P., and Head, E.: Biosynthesis and photosynthate allocation patterns of arctic ice algae, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 591–605, 1989.
Sterner, R. W., Elser, J. J., Fee, E. J., Guildford, S. J., and Chrzanowski, T. H.: The light: nutrient ratio in lakes: the balance of energy and materials affects ecosystem structure and process, Am. Nat., 150, 663–684, 1997.
Suárez, I. and Maranón, E.: Photosynthate allocation in a temperate sea over an annual cycle: the relationship between protein synthesis and phytoplankton physiological state, J. Sea Res., 50, 285–299, 2003.
Takagi, M., Watanabe, K., Yamaberi, K., and Yoshida, T.: Limited feeding of potassium nitrate for intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation of Nannochloris sp. UTEX LB1999, Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 54, 112–117, 2000.
Tanoue, E.: Distribution and chemical composition of particulate organic matter in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Ocean, T. Tokyo Univ. Fish., 6, 43–57, 1985.
Tomaselli, L., Giovannetti, L., Sacchi, A., and Bocci, F.: Effects of temperature on growth and biochemical composition in Spirulina platensis strain M2, Algal Biotechnology, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 303–314, 1988.
Thornton, S. F. and McManus, J.: Application of organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and C ∕ N ratios as source indicators of organic matter provenance in estuarine systems: evidence from the Tay estuary, Scotland, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 38, 219–233, 1994.
Ventura, M., Liboriussen, L., Lauridsen, T., Søndergaard, M., and Jeppesen, E.: Effects of increased temperature and nutrient enrichment on the stoichiometry of primary producers and consumers in temperate shallow lakes, Freshwater Biol., 53, 1434–1452, 2008.
Wetz, M. S. and Yoskowitz, D. W.: An “extreme” future for estuaries? Effects of extreme climatic events on estuarine water quality and ecology, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 69, 7–18, 2013.
Winberg, G.: Symbols, units and conversion factors in studies of fresh water productivity, International Biological Programme Control Office, London, 1971.
Yang, S. R., Song, H. S., Kim, K., Park, C., and Moon, C.: Changes in environmental factors and primary productivity in the Seomjin River Estuary, The Sea, 10, 164–170, 2005.
Yun, M. S., Lee, D. B., Kim, B. K., Kang, J. J., Lee, J. H., Yang, E. J., Park, W. G., Chung, K. H., and Lee, S. H.: Comparison of phytoplankton macromolecular compositions and zooplankton proximate compositions in the northern Chukchi Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 120, 82–90, 2015.
Short summary
Based on the seasonal biochemical compositions in this study, the calorific contents of the food material were 1.0–6.1 Kcal m−3. We found that a major governing factor in the biochemical composition of POM was dissolved inorganic nitrogen loading from river input. The relatively larger amount of food material and the higher calorific content of the POM found in this study reflected good nutritive conditions for sustaining productive shellfish and fish populations in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea.
Based on the seasonal biochemical compositions in this study, the calorific contents of the food...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint