Articles | Volume 15, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4333-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4333-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jul 2018
Research article |
| 18 Jul 2018
| 18 Jul 2018
Modelling N2 fixation related to Trichodesmium sp.: driving processes and impacts on primary production in the tropical Pacific Ocean
Cyril Dutheil
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre IRD, Nouméa, New Caledonia
LOCEAN Laboratory, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France
Olivier Aumont
LOCEAN Laboratory, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France
Thomas Gorguès
Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Univ. Brest-CNRS-Ifremer-IRD, Plouzané, France
Anne Lorrain
LEMAR, UMR 6539, UBO-CNRS-Ifremer-IRD, IUEM, Plouzané, France
Sophie Bonnet
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
Martine Rodier
Environnement Insulaire Océanien (EIO), UMR 241 (Univ. de Polynésie Française, IRD, ILM, IFREMER), Tahiti, French Polynesia
Cécile Dupouy
Centre IRD, Nouméa, New Caledonia
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
Takuhei Shiozaki
Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Christophe Menkes
Centre IRD, Nouméa, New Caledonia
LOCEAN Laboratory, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Corentin Clerc, Laurent Bopp, Fabio Benedetti, Meike Vogt, and Olivier Aumont
Biogeosciences, 20, 869–895, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gelatinous zooplankton play a key role in the ocean carbon cycle. In particular, pelagic tunicates, which feed on a wide size range of prey, produce rapidly sinking detritus. Thus, they efficiently transfer carbon from the surface to the depths. Consequently, we added these organisms to a marine biogeochemical model (PISCES-v2) and evaluated their impact on the global carbon cycle. We found that they contribute significantly to carbon export and that this contribution increases with depth.
Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Lester Kwiatkowski, Corentin Clerc, Léonard Dupont, Christian Ethé, Thomas Gorgues, Roland Séférian, and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 19, 4267–4285, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4267-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4267-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of anthropogenic climate change on the biological production of phytoplankton in the ocean is a cause for concern because its evolution could affect the response of marine ecosystems to climate change. Here, we identify biological N fixation and its response to future climate change as a key process in shaping the future evolution of marine phytoplankton production. Our results show that further study of how this nitrogen fixation responds to environmental change is essential.
Martí Galí, Marcus Falls, Hervé Claustre, Olivier Aumont, and Raffaele Bernardello
Biogeosciences, 19, 1245–1275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Part of the organic matter produced by plankton in the upper ocean is exported to the deep ocean. This process, known as the biological carbon pump, is key for the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and global climate. However, the dynamics of organic particles below the upper ocean layer are not well understood. Here we compared the measurements acquired by autonomous robots in the top 1000 m of the ocean to a numerical model, which can help improve future climate projections.
Maria-Theresia Verwega, Christopher J. Somes, Markus Schartau, Robyn Elizabeth Tuerena, Anne Lorrain, Andreas Oschlies, and Thomas Slawig
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4861–4880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes a ready-to-use collection of particulate organic carbon stable isotope ratio data sets. It covers the 1960s–2010s and all main oceans, providing meta-information and gridded data. The best coverage exists in Atlantic, Indian and Southern Ocean surface waters during the 1990s. It indicates no major difference between methods and shows decreasing values towards high latitudes, with the lowest in the Southern Ocean, and a long-term decline in all regions but the Southern Ocean.
Julien Jouanno, Rachid Benshila, Léo Berline, Antonin Soulié, Marie-Hélène Radenac, Guillaume Morvan, Frédéric Diaz, Julio Sheinbaum, Cristele Chevalier, Thierry Thibaut, Thomas Changeux, Frédéric Menard, Sarah Berthet, Olivier Aumont, Christian Ethé, Pierre Nabat, and Marc Mallet
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4069–4086, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4069-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4069-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Atlantic has been facing a massive proliferation of Sargassum since 2011, with severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts. We developed a modeling framework based on the NEMO ocean model, which integrates transport by currents and waves, and physiology of Sargassum with varying internal nutrient quota, and considers stranding at the coast. Results demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce and forecast the seasonal cycle and large-scale distribution of Sargassum biomass.
Sophie Cravatte, Guillaume Serazin, Thierry Penduff, and Christophe Menkes
Ocean Sci., 17, 487–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The various currents in the southwestern Pacific Ocean contribute to the redistribution of waters from the subtropical gyre equatorward and poleward. The drivers of their interannual variability are not completely understood but are usually thought to be related to well-known climate modes of variability. Here, we suggest that oceanic chaotic variability alone, which is by definition unpredictable, explains the majority of this interannual variability south of 20° S.
Delphine Dissard, Gert Jan Reichart, Christophe Menkes, Morgan Mangeas, Stephan Frickenhaus, and Jelle Bijma
Biogeosciences, 18, 423–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Results from a data set acquired from living foraminifera T. sacculifer collected from surface waters are presented, allowing us to establish a new Mg/Ca–Sr/Ca–temperature equation improving temperature reconstructions. When combining equations, δ18Ow can be reconstructed with a precision of ± 0.5 ‰, while successive reconstructions involving Mg/Ca and δ18Oc preclude salinity reconstruction with a precision better than ± 1.69. A new direct linear fit to reconstruct salinity could be established.
Lester Kwiatkowski, Olivier Torres, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Matthew Chamberlain, James R. Christian, John P. Dunne, Marion Gehlen, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Andrew Lenton, Hongmei Li, Nicole S. Lovenduski, James C. Orr, Julien Palmieri, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Charles A. Stock, Alessandro Tagliabue, Yohei Takano, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess 21st century projections of marine biogeochemistry in the CMIP6 Earth system models. These models represent the most up-to-date understanding of climate change. The models generally project greater surface ocean warming, acidification, subsurface deoxygenation, and euphotic nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than the previous generation of models. This has major implications for the impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems.
Vincent Echevin, Manon Gévaudan, Dante Espinoza-Morriberón, Jorge Tam, Olivier Aumont, Dimitri Gutierrez, and François Colas
Biogeosciences, 17, 3317–3341, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3317-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3317-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The coasts of Peru encompass the richest fisheries in the entire ocean. It is therefore very important for this country to understand how the nearshore marine ecosystem may evolve under climate change. Fine-scale numerical models are very useful because they can represent precisely the evolution of key parameters such as temperature, water oxygenation, and plankton biomass. Here we study the evolution of the Peruvian marine ecosystem in the 21st century under the worst-case climate scenario.
Marie-Hélène Radenac, Julien Jouanno, Christine Carine Tchamabi, Mesmin Awo, Bernard Bourlès, Sabine Arnault, and Olivier Aumont
Biogeosciences, 17, 529–545, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-529-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-529-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite data and a remarkable set of in situ measurements show a main bloom of microscopic seaweed, the phytoplankton, in summer and a secondary bloom in December in the central equatorial Atlantic. They are driven by a strong vertical supply of nitrate in May–July and a shorter and moderate supply in November. In between, transport of low-nitrate water from the west explains most nitrate losses in the sunlit layer. Horizontal eddy-induced processes also contribute to seasonal nitrate removal.
Renaud Person, Olivier Aumont, Gurvan Madec, Martin Vancoppenolle, Laurent Bopp, and Nacho Merino
Biogeosciences, 16, 3583–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3583-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3583-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is considered a possibly important but largely overlooked source of iron (Fe). Here we explore its fertilization capacity by evaluating the response of marine biogeochemistry to Fe release from icebergs and ice shelves in a global ocean model. Large regional impacts are simulated, leading to only modest primary production and carbon export increases at the scale of the Southern Ocean. Large uncertainties are due to low observational constraints on modeling choices.
Cécile Dupouy, Robert Frouin, Marc Tedetti, Morgane Maillard, Martine Rodier, Fabien Lombard, Lionel Guidi, Marc Picheral, Jacques Neveux, Solange Duhamel, Bruno Charrière, and Richard Sempéré
Biogeosciences, 15, 5249–5269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5249-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5249-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The marine diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium from the Underwater Vision Profiler 5 is concentrated in the first 50 m in the western tropical Pacific Ocean (18–22° S, 160° E–160° W). Its contribution to Tchl a and zeaxanthin is 60 % in the Melanesian archipelago and 30 % in the Fijian archipelago. Its impact on UV–VIS radiance is a peculiar signal in the green and yellow and possibly associated with backscattering or phycoerythrin fluorescence from Trichodesmium.
Guillaume Rousset, Florian De Boissieu, Christophe E. Menkes, Jérôme Lefèvre, Robert Frouin, Martine Rodier, Vincent Ridoux, Sophie Laran, Sophie Bonnet, and Cécile Dupouy
Biogeosciences, 15, 5203–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5203-2018, 2018
Dina Spungin, Natalia Belkin, Rachel A. Foster, Marcus Stenegren, Andrea Caputo, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Nathalie Leblond, Cécile Dupouy, Sophie Bonnet, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 3893–3908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3893-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3893-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The way marine organisms die can determine the fate of organic matter (OM) in the ocean. We investigated whether a form of auto-induced programmed cell death (PCD) influenced phytoplankton mortality and fate of OM. Our results from high biomass blooms of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium show evidence for PCD and high production of sticky carbon material termed transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) that facilitates cellular aggregation and enhances the vertical flux of OM to depth.
France Van Wambeke, Audrey Gimenez, Solange Duhamel, Cécile Dupouy, Dominique Lefevre, Mireille Pujo-Pay, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 2669–2689, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The western tropical South Pacific Ocean has recently been shown to be a hotspot for biological nitrogen fixation. In this study, we examined the horizontal and vertical distribution of heterotrophic prokaryotic production alongside photosynthetic rates, nitrogen fixation rates and phosphate turnover times across the western tropical South Pacific Ocean, in order to relate these fluxes to bottom–up controls (related to nitrogen, phosphate and labile C availability).
Raphaëlle Sauzède, Elodie Martinez, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Antoine Poteau, Alexandre Mignot, Christophe Maes, Hervé Claustre, Julia Uitz, Keitapu Maamaatuaiahutapu, Martine Rodier, Catherine Schmechtig, and Victoire Laurent
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-541, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-541, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi, Matthieu Lengaigne, Marina Levy, Jerome Vialard, Vallivattathillam Parvathi, Clément de Boyer Montégut, Christian Ethé, Olivier Aumont, Iyyappan Suresh, Valiya Parambil Akhil, and Pillathu Moolayil Muraleedharan
Biogeosciences, 14, 3615–3632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3615-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3615-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The northern Arabian Sea hosts a winter chlorophyll bloom, which exhibits strong interannual variability. The processes responsible for this interannual variation of the bloom are investigated using observations and a model. The interannual fluctuations of the winter bloom are largely related to the interannual mixed-layer depth (MLD) anomalies, which are driven by net heat flux anomalies. MLD controls the bloom amplitude through a modulation of nutrient turbulent fluxes into the mixed layer.
Guillaume Le Gland, Laurent Mémery, Olivier Aumont, and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 14, 3171–3189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3171-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3171-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we computed the fluxes of radium-228 from the continental shelf to the open ocean by fitting a numerical model to observations. After determining appropriate model parameters (cost function and number of source regions), we found a lower and more precise global flux than previous estimates: 8.01–8.49×1023 atoms yr−1. This result can be used to assess nutrient and trace element fluxes to the open ocean, but we cannot identify specific pathways like submarine groundwater discharge.
James C. Orr, Raymond G. Najjar, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, John L. Bullister, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Jean-Claude Dutay, Heather Graven, Stephen M. Griffies, Jasmin G. John, Fortunat Joos, Ingeborg Levin, Keith Lindsay, Richard J. Matear, Galen A. McKinley, Anne Mouchet, Andreas Oschlies, Anastasia Romanou, Reiner Schlitzer, Alessandro Tagliabue, Toste Tanhua, and Andrew Yool
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2169–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is a model comparison effort under Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Its physical component is described elsewhere in this special issue. Here we describe its ocean biogeochemical component (OMIP-BGC), detailing simulation protocols and analysis diagnostics. Simulations focus on ocean carbon, other biogeochemical tracers, air-sea exchange of CO2 and related gases, and chemical tracers used to evaluate modeled circulation.
Olivier Aumont, Marco van Hulten, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Jean-Claude Dutay, Christian Éthé, and Marion Gehlen
Biogeosciences, 14, 2321–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2321-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2321-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The marine biological carbon pump is dominated by the vertical transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the surface ocean to its interior. In this study, we explore the impacts of a variable composition of this organic matter using a global ocean biogeochemical model. We show that accounting for a variable lability of POC increases POC concentrations by up to 2 orders of magnitude in the ocean's interior. Furthermore, the amount of carbon that reaches the sediments is twice as large.
Parvathi Vallivattathillam, Suresh Iyyappan, Matthieu Lengaigne, Christian Ethé, Jérôme Vialard, Marina Levy, Neetu Suresh, Olivier Aumont, Laure Resplandy, Hema Naik, and Wajih Naqvi
Biogeosciences, 14, 1541–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1541-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1541-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
During late boreal summer and fall, the west coast of India (WCI) experiences hypoxia, which turns into anoxia during some years. We analyze a coupled physical–biogeochemical simulation over the 1960–2012 period to investigate the physical processes influencing oxycline interannual variability off the WCI. We show that fall WCI oxycline fluctuations are strongly related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), with positive IODs preventing anoxia, while negative IODs do not necessarily result in anoxia.
Eghbert Elvan Ampou, Ofri Johan, Christophe E. Menkes, Fernando Niño, Florence Birol, Sylvain Ouillon, and Serge Andréfouët
Biogeosciences, 14, 817–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-817-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-817-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The 2015–2016 El Niño was the strongest on record and has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, first signs of bleaching were reported in April 2016. However, we show that this El Niño has impacted Indonesian reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. Another El Niño-induced process, sea level fall, is responsible for significant coral mortality on North Sulawesi shallow reefs, and probably throughout Indonesia.
Pierre-Amaël Auger, Thomas Gorgues, Eric Machu, Olivier Aumont, and Patrice Brehmer
Biogeosciences, 13, 6419–6440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6419-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6419-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A box modeling approach reveals that horizontal currents drive the spatial distribution of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the north-west African upwelling system. Alongshore (cross-shore) currents limit (enhance) cross-shore exchanges north (south) of Cape Blanc. Off Cape Blanc, a meridional convergence makes ambiguous the response of coastal nutrient upwelling to wind forcings, and high production is based upon nutrients and remineralized matter injected by horizontal currents.
Karine Leblanc, Véronique Cornet, Mathieu Caffin, Martine Rodier, Anne Desnues, Hugo Berthelot, Kendra Turk-Kubo, and Jules Heliou
Biogeosciences, 13, 5205–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5205-2016, 2016
Corinne Le Quéré, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Róisín Moriarty, Séverine Alvain, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, Sophie Chollet, Clare Enright, Daniel J. Franklin, Richard J. Geider, Sandy P. Harrison, Andrew G. Hirst, Stuart Larsen, Louis Legendre, Trevor Platt, I. Colin Prentice, Richard B. Rivkin, Sévrine Sailley, Shubha Sathyendranath, Nick Stephens, Meike Vogt, and Sergio M. Vallina
Biogeosciences, 13, 4111–4133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4111-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4111-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a global biogeochemical model which incorporates ecosystem dynamics based on the representation of ten plankton functional types, and use the model to assess the relative roles of iron vs. grazing in determining phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean. Our results suggest that observed low phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean during summer is primarily explained by the dynamics of the Southern Ocean zooplankton community, despite iron limitation of phytoplankton growth.
Marc Tedetti, Lauriane Marie, Rüdiger Röttgers, Martine Rodier, France Van Wambeke, Sandra Helias, Mathieu Caffin, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, and Cécile Dupouy
Biogeosciences, 13, 3283–3303, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3283-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3283-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In the framework of the VAHINE project, we investigated the spectral characteristics and the variability of dissolved and particulate chromophoric materials throughout a 23-day mesocosm experiment conducted in the south-west Pacific at the mouth of the New Caledonian coral lagoon. We found that the dynamics of CDOM and particulate matter absorption were strongly coupled with those of cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp. and bacterial production.
France Van Wambeke, Ulrike Pfreundt, Aude Barani, Hugo Berthelot, Thierry Moutin, Martine Rodier, Wolfgang R. Hess, and Sophie Bonnet
Biogeosciences, 13, 3187–3202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3187-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3187-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The phytoplankton is at the base of the plankton food web in large parts of oceanic "deserts" such as the South Pacific Ocean, where nitrogen sources limit activity. Mesocosms were fertilized with phosphorus to stimulate diazotrophy (atmospheric N2 fixation). Mostly diazotroph-derived nitrogen fuelled the heterotrophic bacterial community through indirect processes generating dissolved organic matter and detritus, such as mortality, lysis and grazing of both diazotrophs and non-diazotrophs.
Roland Séférian, Marion Gehlen, Laurent Bopp, Laure Resplandy, James C. Orr, Olivier Marti, John P. Dunne, James R. Christian, Scott C. Doney, Tatiana Ilyina, Keith Lindsay, Paul R. Halloran, Christoph Heinze, Joachim Segschneider, Jerry Tjiputra, Olivier Aumont, and Anastasia Romanou
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1827–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores how the large diversity in spin-up protocols used for ocean biogeochemistry in CMIP5 models contributed to inter-model differences in modeled fields. We show that a link between spin-up duration and skill-score metrics emerges from both individual IPSL-CM5A-LR's results and an ensemble of CMIP5 models. Our study suggests that differences in spin-up protocols constitute a source of inter-model uncertainty which would require more attention in future intercomparison exercises.
Sophie Bonnet, Thierry Moutin, Martine Rodier, Jean-Michel Grisoni, Francis Louis, Eric Folcher, Bertrand Bourgeois, Jean-Michel Boré, and Armelle Renaud
Biogeosciences, 13, 2803–2814, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2803-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2803-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
e main goal of the VAHINE project was to study the fate of N2 fixation in the ocean. Three large-volume (~ 50 m3) mesocosms were deployed in a tropical oligotrophic ecosystem (the New Caledonia lagoon, south-eastern Pacific). This introductory paper describes the scientific objectives of the project in detail as well as the implementation plan: the mesocosm description and deployment, the selection of the study site, and the logistical and sampling strategy.
Roland Séférian, Christine Delire, Bertrand Decharme, Aurore Voldoire, David Salas y Melia, Matthieu Chevallier, David Saint-Martin, Olivier Aumont, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Dominique Carrer, Hervé Douville, Laurent Franchistéguy, Emilie Joetzjer, and Séphane Sénési
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1423–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1423-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1423-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first IPCC-class Earth system model developed at Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM-ESM1). We detail how the various carbon reservoirs were initialized and analyze the behavior of the carbon cycle and its prominent physical drivers, comparing model results to the most up-to-date climate and carbon cycle dataset over the latest decades.
O. Aumont, C. Ethé, A. Tagliabue, L. Bopp, and M. Gehlen
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2465–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015, 2015
K. B. Rodgers, O. Aumont, S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Y. Plancherel, L. Bopp, C. de Boyer Montégut, D. Iudicone, R. F. Keeling, G. Madec, and R. Wanninkhof
Biogeosciences, 11, 4077–4098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4077-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4077-2014, 2014
I. Borrione, O. Aumont, M. C. Nielsdóttir, and R. Schlitzer
Biogeosciences, 11, 1981–2001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1981-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1981-2014, 2014
M. Ishii, R. A. Feely, K. B. Rodgers, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, D. Sasano, H. Sugimoto, C. E. Cosca, S. Nakaoka, M. Telszewski, Y. Nojiri, S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Y. Niwa, P. K. Patra, V. Valsala, H. Nakano, I. Lima, S. C. Doney, E. T. Buitenhuis, O. Aumont, J. P. Dunne, A. Lenton, and T. Takahashi
Biogeosciences, 11, 709–734, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-709-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-709-2014, 2014
J. C. Currie, M. Lengaigne, J. Vialard, D. M. Kaplan, O. Aumont, S. W. A. Naqvi, and O. Maury
Biogeosciences, 10, 6677–6698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6677-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6677-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Modelling, Aquatic
Investigating ecosystem connections in the shelf sea environment using complex networks
Seasonal and interannual variability of the pelagic ecosystem and of the organic carbon budget in the Rhodes Gyre (eastern Mediterranean): influence of winter mixing
Killing the predator: impacts of top predator mortality on global-ocean ecosystem structure
Validation of the coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean model NEMO-SCOBI for the North Sea-Baltic Sea system
How much do bacterial growth properties and biodegradable dissolved organic matter control water quality at low flow?
Methane emissions from Arctic landscapes during 2000–2015: an analysis with land and lake biogeochemistry models
Including filter-feeding gelatinous macrozooplankton in a global marine biogeochemical model: model–data comparison and impact on the ocean carbon cycle
Riverine impact on future projections of marine primary production and carbon uptake
Subsurface oxygen maximum in oligotrophic marine ecosystems: mapping the interaction between physical and biogeochemical processes
Quantifying biological carbon pump pathways with a data-constrained mechanistic model ensemble approach
Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of methylmercury biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in the Mediterranean Sea with a coupled 3D model
Hydrodynamic and biochemical impacts on the development of hypoxia in the Louisiana–Texas shelf – Part 2: statistical modeling and hypoxia prediction
Modelling the effects of benthic fauna on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in the Baltic Sea
Improved prediction of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) distributions in the northeast subarctic Pacific using machine-learning algorithms
Nutrient transport and transformation in macrotidal estuaries of the French Atlantic coast: a modeling approach using the Carbon-Generic Estuarine Model
Hydrodynamic and Biochemical Impacts on the Development of Hypoxia in the Louisiana–Texas Shelf Part I: Numerical Modeling and Hypoxia Mechanisms
A modelling study of temporal and spatial pCO2 variability on the biologically active and temperature-dominated Scotian Shelf
Modeling the marine chromium cycle: new constraints on global-scale processes
New insights into large-scale trends of apparent organic matter reactivity in marine sediments and patterns of benthic carbon transformation
Evaluation of ocean dimethylsulfide concentration and emission in CMIP6 models
Zooplankton mortality effects on the plankton community of the northern Humboldt Current System: sensitivity of a regional biogeochemical model
Multi-compartment kinetic–allometric (MCKA) model of radionuclide bioaccumulation in marine fish
Impact of bottom trawling on sediment biogeochemistry: a modelling approach
Cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea: a review of models and facts
Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century co-driven by anthropogenic carbon increases and freshening in the CMIP6 model ensemble
Modeling silicate–nitrate–ammonium co-limitation of algal growth and the importance of bacterial remineralization based on an experimental Arctic coastal spring bloom culture study
Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model
Extreme event waves in marine ecosystems: an application to Mediterranean Sea surface chlorophyll
Use of optical absorption indices to assess seasonal variability of dissolved organic matter in Amazon floodplain lakes
The role of sediment-induced light attenuation on primary production during Hurricane Gustav (2008)
Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in zooplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Mexico with a physical–biogeochemical model
One size fits all? Calibrating an ocean biogeochemistry model for different circulations
Assessing the temporal scale of deep-sea mining impacts on sediment biogeochemistry
Seasonal patterns of surface inorganic carbon system variables in the Gulf of Mexico inferred from a regional high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model
Oxygen dynamics and evaluation of the single-station diel oxygen model across contrasting geologies
Oceanic CO2 outgassing and biological production hotspots induced by pre-industrial river loads of nutrients and carbon in a global modeling approach
Global trends in marine nitrate N isotopes from observations and a neural network-based climatology
Merging bio-optical data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats and models in marine biogeochemistry
Model constraints on the anthropogenic carbon budget of the Arctic Ocean
Modeling oceanic nitrate and nitrite concentrations and isotopes using a 3-D inverse N cycle model
Biogeochemical response of the Mediterranean Sea to the transient SRES-A2 climate change scenario
Modelling the biogeochemical effects of heterotrophic and autotrophic N2 fixation in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel), Red Sea
A perturbed biogeochemistry model ensemble evaluated against in situ and satellite observations
Diazotrophy as the main driver of the oligotrophy gradient in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean: results from a one-dimensional biogeochemical–physical coupled model
Causes of simulated long-term changes in phytoplankton biomass in the Baltic proper: a wavelet analysis
Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps
Seasonal patterns in phytoplankton biomass across the northern and deep Gulf of Mexico: a numerical model study
Sea-surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration from satellite data at global and regional scales
A new look at the multi-G model for organic carbon degradation in surface marine sediments for coupled benthic–pelagic simulations of the global ocean
Groundwater data improve modelling of headwater stream CO2 outgassing with a stable DIC isotope approach
Ieuan Higgs, Jozef Skákala, Ross Bannister, Alberto Carrassi, and Stefano Ciavatta
Biogeosciences, 21, 731–746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A complex network is a way of representing which parts of a system are connected to other parts. We have constructed a complex network based on an ecosystem–ocean model. From this, we can identify patterns in the structure and areas of similar behaviour. This can help to understand how natural, or human-made, changes will affect the shelf sea ecosystem, and it can be used in multiple future applications such as improving modelling, data assimilation, or machine learning.
Joelle Habib, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Milad Fakhri, Patrick Marsaleix, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Alexandre Mignot, Laurent Mortier, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 20, 3203–3228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Rhodes Gyre, eastern Mediterranean Sea, is the main Levantine Intermediate Water formation site. In this study, we use a 3D physical–biogeochemical model to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of organic carbon dynamics in the gyre. Our results show its autotrophic nature and its high interannual variability, with enhanced primary production, downward exports, and onward exports to the surrounding regions during years marked by intense heat losses and deep mixed layers.
David Talmy, Eric Carr, Harshana Rajakaruna, Selina Vage, and Anne Willem-Omta
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-120, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-120, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The structure of plankton communities is central to global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements. This study explored the sensitivity of different assumptions about top predator mortality in ecosystem models with contrasting food web structures. In the context of environmental data, we find support for models assuming density-dependent mortality of the top predator, irrespective of assumed food web structure.
Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, Elin Almroth-Rosell, Lars Axell, Sam T. Fredriksson, Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Sandra-Esther Brunnabend, Matthias Gröger, and Lars Arneborg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-116, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The health of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea is threatened due to high anthropogenic pressure and different methods to assess its status are urgently needed. Here, we validated a novel model simulating the ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea that can be used to create future climate and nutrient scenarios and can keep contributing to European initiatives on de-eutrophication, water quality advice and support on nutrient reduction loads for both seas.
Masihullah Hasanyar, Thomas Romary, Shuaitao Wang, and Nicolas Flipo
Biogeosciences, 20, 1621–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1621-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1621-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results of this study indicate that biodegradable dissolved organic matter is responsible for oxygen depletion at low flow during summer seasons when heterotrophic bacterial activity is so intense. Therefore, the dissolved organic matter must be well measured in the water monitoring networks in order to have more accurate water quality models. It also advocates for high-frequency data collection for better quantification of the uncertainties related to organic matter.
Xiangyu Liu and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1181–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We are among the first to quantify methane emissions from inland water system in the pan-Arctic. The total CH4 emissions are 36.46 Tg CH4 yr−1 during 2000–2015, of which wetlands and lakes were 21.69 Tg yr−1 and 14.76 Tg yr−1, respectively. By using two non-overlap area change datasets with land and lake models, our simulation avoids small lakes being counted twice as both lake and wetland, and it narrows the gap between two different methods used to quantify regional CH4 emissions.
Corentin Clerc, Laurent Bopp, Fabio Benedetti, Meike Vogt, and Olivier Aumont
Biogeosciences, 20, 869–895, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gelatinous zooplankton play a key role in the ocean carbon cycle. In particular, pelagic tunicates, which feed on a wide size range of prey, produce rapidly sinking detritus. Thus, they efficiently transfer carbon from the surface to the depths. Consequently, we added these organisms to a marine biogeochemical model (PISCES-v2) and evaluated their impact on the global carbon cycle. We found that they contribute significantly to carbon export and that this contribution increases with depth.
Shuang Gao, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, Ingo Bethke, Jens Hartmann, Emilio Mayorga, and Christoph Heinze
Biogeosciences, 20, 93–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-93-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-93-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the impact of riverine nutrients and carbon (C) on projected marine primary production (PP) and C uptake using a fully coupled Earth system model. Riverine inputs alleviate nutrient limitation and thus lessen the projected PP decline by up to 0.7 Pg C yr−1 globally. The effect of increased riverine C may be larger than the effect of nutrient inputs in the future on the projected ocean C uptake, while in the historical period increased nutrient inputs are considered the largest driver.
Valeria Di Biagio, Stefano Salon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Biogeosciences, 19, 5553–5574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of dissolved oxygen in the ocean is the result of interacting physical and biological processes. Oxygen vertical profiles show a subsurface maximum in a large part of the ocean. We used a numerical model to map this subsurface maximum in the Mediterranean Sea and to link local differences in its properties to the driving processes. This emerging feature can help the marine ecosystem functioning to be better understood, also under the impacts of climate change.
Michael R. Stukel, Moira Décima, and Michael R. Landry
Biogeosciences, 19, 3595–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3595-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3595-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biological carbon pump (BCP) transports carbon into the deep ocean, leading to long-term marine carbon sequestration. It is driven by many physical, chemical, and ecological processes. We developed a model of the BCP constrained using data from 11 cruises in 4 different ocean regions. Our results show that sinking particles and vertical mixing are more important than transport mediated by vertically migrating zooplankton. They also highlight the uncertainty in current estimates of the BCP.
Ginevra Rosati, Donata Canu, Paolo Lazzari, and Cosimo Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 19, 3663–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3663-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3663-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methylmercury (MeHg) is produced and bioaccumulated in marine food webs, posing concerns for human exposure through seafood consumption. We modeled and analyzed the fate of MeHg in the lower food web of the Mediterranean Sea. The modeled spatial–temporal distribution of plankton bioaccumulation differs from the distribution of MeHg in surface water. We also show that MeHg exposure concentrations in temperate waters can be lowered by winter convection, which is declining due to climate change.
Yanda Ou, Bin Li, and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences, 19, 3575–3593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decades, the Louisiana–Texas shelf has been suffering recurring hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L−1). We developed a novel prediction model using state-of-the-art statistical techniques based on physical and biogeochemical data provided by a numerical model. The model can capture both the magnitude and onset of the annual hypoxia events. This study also demonstrates that it is possible to use a global model forecast to predict regional ocean water quality.
Eva Ehrnsten, Oleg Pavlovitch Savchuk, and Bo Gustav Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3337–3367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3337-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3337-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effects of benthic fauna, animals living on or in the seafloor, on the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus using a model of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. By eating and excreting, the animals transform a large part of organic matter sinking to the seafloor into inorganic forms, which fuel plankton blooms. Simultaneously, when they move around (bioturbate), phosphorus is bound in the sediments. This reduces nitrogen-fixing plankton blooms and oxygen depletion.
Brandon J. McNabb and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 19, 1705–1721, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) plays an important role in the ocean sulfur cycle and can also influence Earth’s climate. Our study used two statistical methods to predict surface ocean concentrations and rates of sea–air exchange of DMS in the northeast subarctic Pacific. Our results show improved predictive power over previous approaches and suggest that nutrient availability, light-dependent processes, and physical mixing may be important controls on DMS in this region.
Xi Wei, Josette Garnier, Vincent Thieu, Paul Passy, Romain Le Gendre, Gilles Billen, Maia Akopian, and Goulven Gildas Laruelle
Biogeosciences, 19, 931–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estuaries are key reactive ecosystems along the land–ocean aquatic continuum and are often strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities. We calculated nutrient in and out fluxes by using a 1-D transient model for seven estuaries along the French Atlantic coast. Among these, large estuaries with high residence times showed higher retention rates than medium and small ones. All reveal coastal eutrophication due to the excess of diffused nitrogen from intensive agricultural river basins.
Yanda Ou and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-3, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The Louisiana-Texas Shelf has been suffering recurring hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/L) over the past decades. In this study, we adapt and further developed a numerical ocean model to the Gulf of Mexico to simulate the physics and associated biogeochemical process to understand the mechanism of the hypoxia development. We performed a 15-year model simulation covering 2006–2020 and explore the controlling mechanism of hypoxia development in different parts of the shelf.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Dariia Atamanchuk, Douglas Wallace, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 18, 6271–6286, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional model of the northwestern North Atlantic shelves in combination with a surface water time series and repeat transect observations, we investigate surface CO2 variability on the Scotian Shelf. The study highlights a strong seasonal cycle in shelf-wide pCO2 and spatial variability throughout the summer months driven by physical events. The simulated net flux of CO2 on the Scotian Shelf is out of the ocean, deviating from the global air–sea CO2 flux trend in continental shelves.
Frerk Pöppelmeier, David J. Janssen, Samuel L. Jaccard, and Thomas F. Stocker
Biogeosciences, 18, 5447–5463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Chromium (Cr) is a redox-sensitive element that holds promise as a tracer of ocean oxygenation and biological activity. We here implemented the oxidation states Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the Bern3D model to investigate the processes that shape the global Cr distribution. We find a Cr ocean residence time of 5–8 kyr and that the benthic source dominates the tracer budget. Further, regional model–data mismatches suggest strong Cr removal in oxygen minimum zones and a spatially variable benthic source.
Felipe S. Freitas, Philip A. Pika, Sabine Kasten, Bo B. Jørgensen, Jens Rassmann, Christophe Rabouille, Shaun Thomas, Henrik Sass, Richard D. Pancost, and Sandra Arndt
Biogeosciences, 18, 4651–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It remains challenging to fully understand what controls carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Thus, we use a model–data approach to identify patterns of organic matter reactivity at the seafloor across distinct environmental conditions. Our findings support the notion that organic matter reactivity is a dynamic ecosystem property and strongly influences biogeochemical cycling and exchange. Our results are essential to improve predictions of future changes in carbon cycling and climate.
Josué Bock, Martine Michou, Pierre Nabat, Manabu Abe, Jane P. Mulcahy, Dirk J. L. Olivié, Jörg Schwinger, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Jerry Tjiputra, Marco van Hulten, Michio Watanabe, Andrew Yool, and Roland Séférian
Biogeosciences, 18, 3823–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we analyse surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration and flux to the atmosphere from four CMIP6 Earth system models over the historical and ssp585 simulations.
Our analysis of contemporary (1980–2009) climatologies shows that models better reproduce observations in mid to high latitudes. The models disagree on the sign of the trend of the global DMS flux from 1980 onwards. The models agree on a positive trend of DMS over polar latitudes following sea-ice retreat dynamics.
Mariana Hill Cruz, Iris Kriest, Yonss Saranga José, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 18, 2891–2916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we use a regional biogeochemical model of the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean to implicitly simulate the effect that fluctuations in populations of small pelagic fish, such as anchovy and sardine, may have on the biogeochemistry of the northern Humboldt Current System. To do so, we vary the zooplankton mortality in the model, under the assumption that these fishes eat zooplankton. We also evaluate the model for the first time against mesozooplankton observations.
Roman Bezhenar, Kyeong Ok Kim, Vladimir Maderich, Govert de With, and Kyung Tae Jung
Biogeosciences, 18, 2591–2607, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2591-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2591-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach to predicting the accumulation of radionuclides in fish was developed by taking into account heterogeneity of distribution of contamination in the organism and dependence of metabolic process rates on the fish mass. Predicted concentrations of radionuclides in fish agreed well with the laboratory and field measurements. The model with the defined generic parameters could be used in marine environments without local calibration, which is important for emergency decision support.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 18, 2539–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bottom trawling alters benthic mineralization: the recycling of organic material (OM) to free nutrients. To better understand how this occurs, trawling events were added to a model of seafloor OM recycling. Results show that bottom trawling reduces OM and free nutrients in sediments through direct removal thereof and of fauna which transport OM to deeper sediment layers protected from fishing. Our results support temporospatial trawl restrictions to allow key sediment functions to recover.
Britta Munkes, Ulrike Löptien, and Heiner Dietze
Biogeosciences, 18, 2347–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2347-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2347-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cyanobacteria blooms can strongly aggravate eutrophication problems of water bodies. Their controls are, however, not comprehensively understood, which impedes effective management and protection plans. Here we review the current understanding of cyanobacteria blooms. Juxtaposition of respective field and laboratory studies with state-of-the-art mathematical models reveals substantial uncertainty associated with nutrient demands, grazing, and death of cyanobacteria.
Jens Terhaar, Olivier Torres, Timothée Bourgeois, and Lester Kwiatkowski
Biogeosciences, 18, 2221–2240, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The uptake of carbon, emitted as a result of human activities, results in ocean acidification. We analyse 21st-century projections of acidification in the Arctic Ocean, a region of particular vulnerability, using the latest generation of Earth system models. In this new generation of models there is a large decrease in the uncertainty associated with projections of Arctic Ocean acidification, with freshening playing a greater role in driving acidification than previously simulated.
Tobias R. Vonnahme, Martial Leroy, Silke Thoms, Dick van Oevelen, H. Rodger Harvey, Svein Kristiansen, Rolf Gradinger, Ulrike Dietrich, and Christoph Völker
Biogeosciences, 18, 1719–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms are crucial for Arctic coastal spring blooms, and their growth is controlled by nutrients and light. At the end of the bloom, inorganic nitrogen or silicon can be limiting, but nitrogen can be regenerated by bacteria, extending the algal growth phase. Modeling these multi-nutrient dynamics and the role of bacteria is challenging yet crucial for accurate modeling. We recreated spring bloom dynamics in a cultivation experiment and developed a representative dynamic model.
Rebecca M. Wright, Corinne Le Quéré, Erik Buitenhuis, Sophie Pitois, and Mark J. Gibbons
Biogeosciences, 18, 1291–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1291-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1291-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Jellyfish have been included in a global ocean biogeochemical model for the first time. The global mean jellyfish biomass in the model is within the observational range. Jellyfish are found to play an important role in the plankton ecosystem, influencing community structure, spatiotemporal dynamics and biomass. The model raises questions about the sensitivity of the zooplankton community to jellyfish mortality and the interactions between macrozooplankton and jellyfish.
Valeria Di Biagio, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, and Cosimo Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 17, 5967–5988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Events that influence the functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems are of interest in relation to a changing climate. We propose a method to identify and characterise
wavesof extreme events affecting marine ecosystems for multi-week periods over wide areas. Our method can be applied to suitable ecosystem variables and has been used to describe different kinds of extreme event waves of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea, by analysing the output from a high-resolution model.
Maria Paula da Silva, Lino A. Sander de Carvalho, Evlyn Novo, Daniel S. F. Jorge, and Claudio C. F. Barbosa
Biogeosciences, 17, 5355–5364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5355-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5355-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we analyze the seasonal changes in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality (based on its optical properties) in four Amazon floodplain lakes. DOM plays a fundamental role in surface water chemistry, controlling metal bioavailability and mobility, and nutrient cycling. The model proposed in our paper highlights the potential to study DOM quality at a wider spatial scale, which may help to better understand the persistence and fate of DOM in the ecosystem.
Zhengchen Zang, Z. George Xue, Kehui Xu, Samuel J. Bentley, Qin Chen, Eurico J. D'Sa, Le Zhang, and Yanda Ou
Biogeosciences, 17, 5043–5055, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5043-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5043-2020, 2020
Taylor A. Shropshire, Steven L. Morey, Eric P. Chassignet, Alexandra Bozec, Victoria J. Coles, Michael R. Landry, Rasmus Swalethorp, Glenn Zapfe, and Michael R. Stukel
Biogeosciences, 17, 3385–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3385-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3385-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Zooplankton are the smallest animals in the ocean and important food for fish. Despite their importance, zooplankton have been relatively undersampled. To better understand the zooplankton community in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), we developed a model to simulate their dynamics. We found that heterotrophic protists are important for supporting mesozooplankton, which are the primary prey of larval fish. The model developed in this study has the potential to improve fisheries management in the GoM.
Iris Kriest, Paul Kähler, Wolfgang Koeve, Karin Kvale, Volkmar Sauerland, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 17, 3057–3082, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Constants of global biogeochemical ocean models are often tuned
by handto match observations of nutrients or oxygen. We investigate the effect of this tuning by optimising six constants of a global biogeochemical model, simulated in five different offline circulations. Optimal values for three constants adjust to distinct features of the circulation applied and can afterwards be swapped among the circulations, without losing too much of the model's fit to observed quantities.
Laura Haffert, Matthias Haeckel, Henko de Stigter, and Felix Janssen
Biogeosciences, 17, 2767–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2767-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2767-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules is expected to have severe environmental impacts. Through prognostic modelling, this study aims to provide a holistic assessment of the biogeochemical recovery after a disturbance event. It was found that the recovery strongly depends on the impact type; e.g. complete removal of the surface sediment reduces seafloor nutrient fluxes over centuries.
Fabian A. Gomez, Rik Wanninkhof, Leticia Barbero, Sang-Ki Lee, and Frank J. Hernandez Jr.
Biogeosciences, 17, 1685–1700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use a numerical model to infer annual changes of surface carbon chemistry in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The main seasonality drivers of partial pressure of carbon dioxide and aragonite saturation state from the model are temperature and river runoff. The GoM basin is a carbon sink in winter–spring and carbon source in summer–fall, but uptake prevails near the Mississippi Delta year-round due to high biological production. Our model results show good correspondence with observational studies.
Simon J. Parker
Biogeosciences, 17, 305–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-305-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-305-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved oxygen (DO) models typically assume constant ecosystem respiration over the course of a single day. Using a data-driven approach, this research examines this assumption in four streams across two (hydro-)geological types (Chalk and Greensand). Despite hydrogeological equivalence in terms of baseflow index for each hydrogeological pairing, model suitability differed within, rather than across, geology types. This corresponded with associated differences in timings of DO minima.
Fabrice Lacroix, Tatiana Ilyina, and Jens Hartmann
Biogeosciences, 17, 55–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-55-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-55-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Contributions of rivers to the oceanic cycling of carbon have been poorly represented in global models until now. Here, we assess the long–term implications of preindustrial riverine loads in the ocean in a novel framework which estimates the loads through a hierarchy of weathering and land–ocean export models. We investigate their impacts for the oceanic biological production and air–sea carbon flux. Finally, we assess the potential incorporation of the framework in an Earth system model.
Patrick A. Rafter, Aaron Bagnell, Dario Marconi, and Timothy DeVries
Biogeosciences, 16, 2617–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The N isotopic composition of nitrate (
nitrate δ15N) is a useful tracer of ocean N cycling and many other ocean processes. Here, we use a global compilation of marine nitrate δ15N as an input, training, and validating dataset for an artificial neural network (a.k.a.,
machine learning) and examine basin-scale trends in marine nitrate δ15N from the surface to the seafloor.
Elena Terzić, Paolo Lazzari, Emanuele Organelli, Cosimo Solidoro, Stefano Salon, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 16, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring ecosystem properties in the ocean is a hard business. Recent availability of data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats can help make this task easier. Numerical models can integrate these new data in a coherent picture and can be used to investigate the functioning of ecosystem processes. Our new approach merges experimental information and model capabilities to quantitatively demonstrate the importance of light and water vertical mixing for algae dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea.
Jens Terhaar, James C. Orr, Marion Gehlen, Christian Ethé, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 16, 2343–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A budget of anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean, the main driver of open-ocean acidification, was constructed for the first time using a high-resolution ocean model. The budget reveals that anthropogenic carbon enters the Arctic Ocean mainly by lateral transport; the air–sea flux plays a minor role. Coarser-resolution versions of the same model, typical of earth system models, store less anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean and thus underestimate ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean.
Taylor S. Martin, François Primeau, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 16, 347–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-347-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-347-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrite is a key intermediate in many nitrogen (N) cycling processes in the ocean, particularly in areas with low oxygen that are hotspots for N loss. We have created a 3-D global N cycle model with nitrite as a tracer. Stable isotopes of N are also included in the model and we are able to model the isotope fractionation associated with each N cycling process. Our model accurately represents N concentrations and isotope distributions in the ocean.
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, Laurent Bopp, Briac Le Vu, James C. Orr, Samuel Somot, and François Dulac
Biogeosciences, 16, 135–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the effects of climate change and biogeochemical forcing evolution on the nutrient and plankton cycles of the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. We use a high-resolution coupled physical and biogeochemical model and perform 120-year transient simulations. The results indicate that changes in external nutrient fluxes and climate change may have synergistic or antagonistic effects on nutrient concentrations, depending on the region and the scenario.
Angela M. Kuhn, Katja Fennel, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 7379–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies demonstrate that marine N2 fixation can be carried out without light. However, direct measurements of N2 fixation in dark environments are relatively scarce. This study uses a model that represents biogeochemical cycles at a deep-ocean location in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Different model versions are used to test assumptions about N2 fixers. Relaxing light limitation for marine N2 fixers improved the similarity between model results and observations of deep nitrate and oxygen.
Prima Anugerahanti, Shovonlal Roy, and Keith Haines
Biogeosciences, 15, 6685–6711, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Minor changes in the biogeochemical model equations lead to major dynamical changes. We assessed this structural sensitivity for the MEDUSA biogeochemical model on chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations at five oceanographic stations over 10 years, using 1-D ensembles generated by combining different process equations. The ensemble performed better than the default model in most of the stations, suggesting that our approach is useful for generating a probabilistic biogeochemical ensemble model.
Audrey Gimenez, Melika Baklouti, Thibaut Wagener, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 6573–6589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6573-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
During the OUTPACE cruise conducted in the oligotrophic to ultra-oligotrophic region of the western tropical South Pacific, two contrasted regions were sampled in terms of N2 fixation rates, primary production rates and nutrient availability. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of N2 fixation in the differences observed between the two contrasted areas by comparing two simulations only differing by the presence or not of N2 fixers using a 1-D biogeochemical–physical coupled model.
Jenny Hieronymus, Kari Eilola, Magnus Hieronymus, H. E. Markus Meier, Sofia Saraiva, and Bengt Karlson
Biogeosciences, 15, 5113–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5113-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5113-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates how phytoplankton concentrations in the Baltic Sea co-vary with nutrient concentrations and other key variables on inter-annual timescales in a model integration over the years 1850–2008. The study area is not only affected by climate change; it has also been subjected to greatly increased nutrient loads due to extensive use of agricultural fertilizers. The results indicate the largest inter-annual coherence of phytoplankton with the limiting nutrient.
Akitomo Yamamoto, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, and Yasuhiro Yamanaka
Biogeosciences, 15, 4163–4180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Millennial-scale changes in oceanic CO2 uptake due to global warming are simulated by a GCM and offline biogeochemical model. Sensitivity studies show that decreases in oceanic CO2 uptake are mainly caused by a weaker biological pump and seawater warming. Enhanced CO2 uptake due to weaker equatorial upwelling cancels out reduced CO2 uptake due to weaker AMOC and AABW formation. Thus, circulation change plays only a small direct role in reduction of CO2 uptake due to global warming.
Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Yanyun Liu, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Frank E. Muller-Karger, and John T. Lamkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3561–3576, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal patterns in nanophytoplankton and diatom biomass in the Gulf of Mexico were examined with an ocean–biogeochemical model. We found silica limitation of model diatom growth in the deep GoM and Mississippi delta. Zooplankton grazing and both transport and vertical mixing of biomass substantially influence the model phytoplankton biomass seasonality. We stress the need for integrated analyses of biologically and physically driven biomass fluxes to describe phytoplankton seasonal changes.
Martí Galí, Maurice Levasseur, Emmanuel Devred, Rafel Simó, and Marcel Babin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3497–3519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm to estimate the sea-surface concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) using satellite data. DMS is a gas produced by marine plankton that, once emitted to the atmosphere, plays a key climatic role by seeding cloud formation. We used the algorithm to produce global DMS maps and also regional DMS time series. The latter suggest that DMS can vary largely from one year to another, which should be taken into account in atmospheric studies.
Konstantin Stolpovsky, Andrew W. Dale, and Klaus Wallmann
Biogeosciences, 15, 3391–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3391-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3391-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes a new way to parameterize G-type models in marine sediments using data about reactivity of organic carbon sinking to the seafloor.
Anne Marx, Marcus Conrad, Vadym Aizinger, Alexander Prechtel, Robert van Geldern, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 15, 3093–3106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3093-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3093-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
CO2 outgassing from small streams causes one of the main uncertainties in global carbon budgets. These are caused by variable flow conditions, changing stream surface areas, and groundwater seeps. Here we used groundwater data to improve a novel stable carbon isotope modelling approach. We found that CO2 outgassing contributed more than three-fourths of annual stream inorganic carbon loss in a small, silicate catchment. We underline the potential of this approach for global applications.
Cited articles
Arrigo, K. R.: Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles, Nature, 437,
349–355, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04159, 2005. a
Assmann, K. M., Bentsen, M., Segschneider, J., and Heinze, C.: An isopycnic
ocean carbon cycle model, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 143–167,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-143-2010, 2010. a, b
Aumont, O. and Bopp, L.: Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron
fertilization studies: GLOBALIZING IRON FERTILIZATION, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB2017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002591, 2006. a
Bennett, S. A., Achterberg, E. P., Connelly, D. P., Statham, P. J., Fones,
G. R., and German, C. R.: The distribution and stabilisation of dissolved
Fe in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
270, 157–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.048, 2008. a
Bergman, B., Sandh, G., Lin, S., Larsson, J., and Carpenter, E. J.:
Trichodesmium – a widespread marine cyanobacterium with unusual
nitrogen fixation properties, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 37, 286–302,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00352.x, 2013. a, b, c
Berman-Frank, I.: Segregation of Nitrogen Fixation and Oxygenic
Photosynthesis in the Marine Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, Science,
294, 1534–1537, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064082,
2001. a
Berthelot, H., Bonnet, S., Camps, M., Grosso, O., and Moutin, T.: Assessment
of
the dinitrogen released as ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen by
unicellular and filamentous marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria grown in
culture, Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, 80, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00080, 2015a. a
Berthelot, H., Moutin, T., L'Helguen, S., Leblanc, K., Hélias, S.,
Grosso, O., Leblond, N., Charrière, B., and Bonnet, S.: Dinitrogen
fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production and
particulate export during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia
lagoon), Biogeosciences, 12, 4099–4112,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4099-2015, 2015b. a
Berthelot, H., Bonnet, S., Grosso, O., Cornet, V., and Barani, A.: Transfer
of diazotroph-derived nitrogen towards non-diazotrophic planktonic
communities: a comparative study between Trichodesmium erythraeum,
Crocosphaera watsonii and Cyanothece sp., Biogeosciences, 13,
4005–4021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4005-2016, 2016. a
Berthelot, H., Benavides, M., Moisander, P. H., Grosso, O., and Bonnet, S.:
High-nitrogen fixation rates in the particulate and dissolved pools in the
Western Tropical Pacific (Solomon and Bismarck Seas): N2 Fixation in the Western Pacific, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 44, 8414–8423, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073856, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f
Bissett, W., Walsh, J., Dieterle, D., and Carder, K.: Carbon cycling in the
upper waters of the Sargasso Sea: I. Numerical simulation of
differential carbon and nitrogen fluxes, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 205–269,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00062-4, 1999. a, b
Bombar, D., Paerl, R. W., and Riemann, L.: Marine Non-Cyanobacterial
Diazotrophs: Moving beyond Molecular Detection, Trends Microbiol.,
24, 916–927, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.07.002, 2016. a
Bonnet, S., Biegala, I. C., Dutrieux, P., Slemons, L. O., and Capone, D. G.:
Nitrogen fixation in the western equatorial Pacific: Rates, diazotrophic
cyanobacterial size class distribution, and biogeochemical significance: N2 fixation in the equatorial pacific, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 23, GB3012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003439, 2009. a, b, c, d, e
Bonnet, S., Rodier, M., Turk-Kubo, K. A., Germineaud, C., Menkes, C.,
Ganachaud, A., Cravatte, S., Raimbault, P., Campbell, E., Quéroué, F.,
Sarthou, G., Desnues, A., Maes, C., and Eldin, G.: Contrasted geographical
distribution of N2 fixation rates and nif H
phylotypes in the Coral and Solomon Seas (southwestern Pacific)
during austral winter conditions: N2 fixation and diversity
in the pacific, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1874–1892,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005117,
2015. a, b, c, d, e
Bonnet, S., Berthelot, H., Turk-Kubo, K., Cornet-Barthaux, V., Fawcett, S.,
Berman-Frank, I., Barani, A., Grégori, G., Dekaezemacker, J., Benavides, M.,
and Capone, D. G.: Diazotroph derived nitrogen supports diatom growth in the
South West Pacific: A quantitative study using nanoSIMS: Transfer
of diazotrophic N into plankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61,
1549–1562, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10300, 2016a. a
Bonnet, S., Berthelot, H., Turk-Kubo, K., Fawcett, S., Rahav, E., L'Helguen,
S., and Berman-Frank, I.: Dynamics of N2 fixation and fate of
diazotroph-derived nitrogen in a low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll ecosystem:
results from the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia), Biogeosciences,
13, 2653–2673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2653-2016, 2016b. a, b
Bonnet, S., Caffin, M., Berthelot, H., Grosso, O., Benavides, M., Helias-Nunige, S.,
Guieu, C., Stenegren, M., and Foster, R. A.: In-depth characterization of diazotroph
activity across the western tropical South Pacific hotspot of N2 fixation (OUTPACE cruise),
Biogeosciences, 15, 4215–4232, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4215-2018, 2018. a, b, c
Breitbarth, E., Oschlies, A., and LaRoche, J.: Physiological constraints on
the global distribution of Trichodesmium – effect of temperature on
diazotrophy, Biogeosciences, 4, 53–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-53-2007,
2007. a, b, c, d
Breitbarth, E., Wohlers, J., Kläs, J., LaRoche, J., and Peeken, I.:
Nitrogen
fixation and growth rates of Trichodesmium IMS-101 as a function of light
intensity, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 359, 25–36,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07241, 2008. a, b
Böttjer, D., Dore, J. E., Karl, D. M., Letelier, R. M., Mahaffey, C.,
Wilson,
S. T., Zehr, J., and Church, M. J.: Temporal variability of nitrogen fixation
and particulate nitrogen export at Station ALOHA: Temporal variability
of nitrogen fixation and particulate nitrogen, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
62, 200–216, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10386, 2017. a, b
Caffin, M., Moutin, T., Foster, R. A., Bouruet-Aubertot, P.,
Doglioli, A. M., Berthelot, H., Guieu, C., Grosso, O., Helias-Nunige, S.,
Leblond, N., Gimenez, A., Petrenko, A. A., de Verneil, A., and Bonnet, S.:
N2 fixation as a dominant new N source in the western tropical South
Pacific Ocean (OUTPACE cruise), Biogeosciences, 15, 2565–2585,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2565-2018, 2018. a
Capone, D. G.: Trichodesmium, a Globally Significant Marine
Cyanobacterium, Science, 276, 1221–1229,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5316.1221, 1997. a, b
Carpenter, E. J.: Nitrogen Fixation by a Blue-Green Epiphyte on
Pelagic Sargassum, Science, 178, 1207–1209,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4066.1207, 1972. a
Church, M. J., Jenkins, B. D., Karl, D. M., and Zehr, J. P.: Vertical
distributions of nitrogen-fixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the
oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 38, 3–14,
2005. a
Codispoti, L. A., Brandes, J. A., Christensen, J. P., Devol, A. H., Naqvi,
S. A., Paerl, H. W., and Yoshinari, T.: The oceanic fixed nitrogen and
nitrous oxide budgets: Moving targets as we enter the anthropocene?,
Sci. Mar., 65, 85–105, https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65s285,
2001. a
Couvelard, X., Marchesiello, P., Gourdeau, L., and Lefèvre, J.:
Barotropic
Zonal Jets Induced by Islands in the Southwest Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 2185–2204, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3903.1,
2008. a
Cravatte, S., Madec, G., Izumo, T., Menkes, C., and Bozec, A.: Progress in
the
3-D circulation of the eastern equatorial Pacific in a climate ocean
model, Ocean Model., 17, 28–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.11.003,
2007. a
Daines, S. J., Clark, J. R., and Lenton, T. M.: Multiple environmental
controls
on phytoplankton growth strategies determine adaptive responses of the N : P
ratio, Ecol. Lett., 17, 414–425, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12239, 2014. a
Da Silva, A. M., Young, C., and Levitus, S.: Algorithms and Procedures, in:
Atlas of Surface Marine Data, Vol. 1, p. 83, NOAA Atlas Nesdis Edn., US Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic Data Center, User Services Branch, Washington,
D.C.,
1994. a
Delmont, T. O., Quince, C., Shaiber, A., Esen, O. C., Lee, S. T. M., Lucker,
S., and Eren, A. M.: Nitrogen-fixing populations of Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria are abundant in surface ocean metagenomes, Nat.
Microbiol., 3, 804–813,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0176-9, 2018. a
Deutsch, C., Gruber, N., Key, R. M., Sarmiento, J. L., and Ganachaud, A.:
Denitrification and N2 fixation in the Pacific Ocean,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 483–506, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001291, 2001. a
Deutsch, C., Sarmiento, J. L., Sigman, D. M., Gruber, N., and Dunne, J. P.:
Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean, Nature, 445,
163–167, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05392,
2007. a, b
Dunne, J. P., John, J. G., Shevliakova, E., Stouffer, R. J., Krasting, J. P.,
Malyshev, S. L., Milly, P. C. D., Sentman, L. T., Adcroft, A. J., Cooke, W.,
Dunne, K. A., Griffies, S. M., Hallberg, R. W., Harrison, M. J., Levy, H.,
Wittenberg, A. T., Phillips, P. J., and Zadeh, N.: GFDL–ESM2 Global
Coupled Climate–Carbon Earth System Models. Part II:
Carbon System Formulation and Baseline Simulation
Characteristics, J. Climate, 26, 2247–2267, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00150.1, 2013. a, b
Dupouy, C., Neveux, J., Subramaniam, A., Mulholland, M. R., Montoya, J. P.,
Campbell, L., Carpenter, E. J., and Capone, D. G.: Satellite captures
trichodesmium blooms in the southwestern tropical Pacific, Eos
T. Am. Geophys. Un., 81, 13–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/00EO00008, 2000. a
Dupouy, C., Benielli-Gary, D., Neveux, J., Dandonneau, Y., and Westberry, T.
K.: An algorithm for detecting Trichodesmium surface blooms in the
South Western Tropical Pacific, Biogeosciences, 8, 3631–3647,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3631-2011, 2011. a, b, c
Dutkiewicz, S., Ward, B. A., Monteiro, F., and Follows, M. J.:
Interconnection
of nitrogen fixers and iron in the Pacific Ocean: Theory and numerical
simulations: marine nitrogen fixers and iron, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
26, GB1012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004039, 2012. a, b, c
Falcón, L. I., Pluvinage, S., and Carpenter, E. J.: Growth kinetics of
marine
unicellular N-fixing cyanobacterial isolates in continuous culture in
relation to phosphorus and temperature, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 285,
3–9, 2005. a
Fennel, K., Spitz, Y. H., Letelier, R. M., Abbott, M. R., and Karl, D. M.: A
deterministic model for N2 fixation at stn. ALOHA in the subtropical
North Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 149–174, 2001. a
Flynn, K. J. and Hipkin, C. R.: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IRON, LIGHT,
AMMONIUM, AND NITRATE: INSIGHTS FROM THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
DYNAMIC MODEL OF ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY, J. Phycol., 35, 1171–1190,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3561171.x, 1999. a
Flynn, K. J., Fasham, M. J., and Hipkin, C. R.: Modelling the interactions
between ammonium and nitrate uptake in marine phytoplankton, Philos.
T. Roy. Soc. B, 352,
1625–1645, 1997. a
Gallon, J. R.: Reconciling the incompatible: N2 fixation And
O2, New
Phytol., 122, 571–609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00087.x,
1992. a
Galloway, J. N., Dentener, F. J., Capone, D. G., Boyer, E. W., Howarth,
R. W., Seitzinger, S. P., Asner, G. P., Cleveland, C. C., Green, P. A.,
Holland, E. A., Karl, D. M., Michaels, A. F., Porter, J. H., Townsend, A. R.,
and Vörösmarty, C. J.: Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and
Future, Biogeochemistry, 70, 153–226, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-0370-0,
2004. a
Garcia, N., Raimbault, P., and Sandroni, V.: Seasonal nitrogen fixation and
primary production in the Southwest Pacific: nanoplankton diazotrophy and
transfer of nitrogen to picoplankton organisms, Mar. Ecol.-Prog.
Ser., 343, 25–33, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps06882, 2007. a, b
Goebel, N. L., Edwards, C. A., Carter, B. J., Achilles, K. M., and Zehr,
J. P.:
Growth and carbon content of three different-sized diazotrophic cyanobacteria
observed in the subtropical north pacific, J. Phycol., 44,
1212–1220, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00581.x, 2008. a
Großkopf, T., Mohr, W., Baustian, T., Schunck, H., Gill, D., Kuypers, M.
M. M., Lavik, G., Schmitz, R. A., Wallace, D. W. R., and LaRoche, J.:
Doubling of marine dinitrogen-fixation rates based on direct measurements,
Nature, 488, 361–364, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11338, 2012. a
Gruber, N.: Oceanography: A bigger nitrogen fix, Nature, 436, 786–787,
2005. a
Gruber, N.: The Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Overview and challenges, in:
Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, 1–50, Elsevier,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372522-6.00001-3,
2008. a
Guieu, C., Bonnet, S., Petrenko, A.,
Menkes, C., Chavagnac, V., Desboeufs, K., Maes,
C., and Moutin, T.: Iron from a submarine source impacts the productive layer of the Western Tropical South Pacific
(WTSP), Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 9075, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27407-z, 2018. a
Halm, H., Lam, P., Ferdelman, T. G., Lavik, G., Dittmar, T., LaRoche, J.,
D'Hondt, S., and Kuypers, M. M.: Heterotrophic organisms dominate nitrogen
fixation in the South Pacific Gyre, ISME J., 6, 1238–1249,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.182, 2012. a
Hawser, S. P., O'Neil, J. M., Roman, M. R., and Codd, G. A.: Toxicity of
blooms
of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium to zooplankton, J. Appl. Phycol., 4, 79–86, 1992. a
Hood, R. R., Bates, N. R., Capone, D. G., and Olson, D. B.: Modeling the
effect
of nitrogen fixation on carbon and nitrogen fluxes at BATS, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. II, 48, 1609–1648,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00160-0, 2001. a, b
Johnson, K. S., Chavez, F. P., and Friederich, G. E.: Continental-shelf
sediment as a primary source of iron for coastal phytoplankton, Nature, 398,
697–700, https://doi.org/10.1038/19511, 1999. a, b
Jullien, S., Menkes, C. E., Marchesiello, P., Jourdain, N. C., Lengaigne, M.,
Koch-Larrouy, A., Lefèvre, J., Vincent, E. M., and Faure, V.: Impact of
Tropical Cyclones on the Heat Budget of the South Pacific
Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42, 1882–1906,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-11-0133.1,
2012. a
Jullien, S., Marchesiello, P., Menkes, C. E., Lefèvre, J., Jourdain,
N. C.,
Samson, G., and Lengaigne, M.: Ocean feedback to tropical cyclones:
climatology and processes, Clim. Dynam., 43, 2831–2854,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2096-6, 2014. a
Karl, D., Letelier, R., Tupas, L., Dore, J., Christian, J., and Hebel, D.:
The
role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical
North Pacific Ocean, Nature, 388, 533–538, 1997. a
Kessler, W. S. and Gourdeau, L.: The Annual Cycle of Circulation of the
Southwest Subtropical Pacific, Analyzed in an Ocean GCM*, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1610–1627, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3046.1, 2007. a
Klausmeier, C. A., Litchman, E., Daufresne, T., and Levin, S. A.: Optimal
nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry of phytoplankton, Nature, 429, 171–174,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02454, 2004. a
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Mahowald, N., Luo, C., Doney, S. C.,
Lindsay,
K., and Zender, C. S.: Impacts of increasing anthropogenic soluble iron and
nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry: atmospheric Fe and N and
ocean biogoechemistry, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB3016,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003440, 2009. a, b
Kromkamp, J. and Walsby, A. E.: Buoyancy Regulation and Vertical
Migration of Trichodesmium: a Computer-Model Prediction, in: Marine
Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other Diazotrophs, edited
by:
Carpenter, E. J., Capone, D. G., and Rueter, J. G., 239–248, Springer
Netherlands, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7977-3_15, 1992. a
Kustka, A. B., Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A., Carpenter, E. J., Capone, D., Burns,
J.,
and Sunda, W. G.: Iron requirements for dinitrogen-and ammonium-supported
growth in cultures of Trichodesmium (IMS 101): Comparison with nitrogen
fixation rates and iron: carbon ratios of field populations, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 48, 1869–1884, 2003. a, b, c, d
Kwiatkowski, L., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., and Ciais, P.: The Impact of
Variable Phytoplankton Stoichiometry on Projections of Primary
Production, Food Quality, and Carbon Uptake in the Global
Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 516–528,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005799, 2018. a
Küpper, H., etlk, I., Seibert, S., Pril, O., Etlikova, E., Strittmatter,
M.,
Levitan, O., Lohscheider, J., Adamska, I., and Berman-Frank, I.: Iron
limitation in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium reveals new
insights into regulation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, New
Phytol., 179, 784–798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02497.x, 2008. a, b
Large, W. G., McWilliams, J. C., and Doney, S. C.: Oceanic vertical mixing:
A
review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev.
Geophys., 32, 363, https://doi.org/10.1029/94RG01872, 1994. a
LaRoche, J. and Breitbarth, E.: Importance of the diazotrophs as a source of
new nitrogen in the ocean, J. Sea Res., 53, 67–91,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2004.05.005,
2005. a, b
Letelier, R. and Karl, D.: Trichodesmium spp. physiology and
nutrient fluxes in
the North Pacific subtropical gyre, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 15,
265–276, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame015265, 1998. a
Luo, Y.-W., Doney, S. C., Anderson, L. A., Benavides, M., Berman-Frank, I.,
Bode, A., Bonnet, S., Boström, K. H., Böttjer, D., Capone, D. G.,
Carpenter, E. J., Chen, Y. L., Church, M. J., Dore, J. E., Falcón, L. I.,
Fernández, A., Foster, R. A., Furuya, K., Gómez, F., Gundersen, K.,
Hynes, A. M., Karl, D. M., Kitajima, S., Langlois, R. J., LaRoche, J.,
Letelier, R. M., Marañón, E., McGillicuddy Jr., D. J., Moisander, P.
H., Moore, C. M., Mouriño-Carballido, B., Mulholland, M. R., Needoba, J.
A., Orcutt, K. M., Poulton, A. J., Rahav, E., Raimbault, P., Rees, A. P.,
Riemann, L., Shiozaki, T., Subramaniam, A., Tyrrell, T., Turk-Kubo, K. A.,
Varela, M., Villareal, T. A., Webb, E. A., White, A. E., Wu, J., and Zehr, J.
P.: Database of diazotrophs in global ocean: abundance, biomass and nitrogen
fixation rates, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, 47–73,
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-47-2012, 2012. a, b
Luo, Y.-W., Lima, I. D., Karl, D. M., Deutsch, C. A., and Doney, S. C.:
Data-based assessment of environmental controls on global marine nitrogen
fixation, Biogeosciences, 11, 691–708,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-691-2014, 2014. a, b
Marchesiello, P., McWilliams, J. C., and Shchepetkin, A.: Open boundary
conditions for long-term integration of regional oceanic models, Ocean
Model., 3, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(00)00013-5,
2001. a
Marchesiello, P., Lefèvre, J., Vega, A., Couvelard, X., and Menkes, C.:
Coastal upwelling, circulation and heat balance around New Caledonia's
barrier reef, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 61, 432–448,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.043,
2010. a
Meunier, C. L., Malzahn, A. M., and Boersma, M.: A New Approach to
Homeostatic Regulation: Towards a Unified View of Physiological
and Ecological Concepts, PLoS ONE, 9, e107737,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107737, 2014. a
Mills, M. M., Ridame, C., Davey, M., La Roche, J., and Geider, R. J.: Iron
and
phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North
Atlantic, Nature, 429, 292–294, 2004. a
Mohr, W., Großkopf, T., Wallace, D. W. R., and LaRoche, J.:
Methodological
Underestimation of Oceanic Nitrogen Fixation Rates, PLoS ONE, 5,
e12583, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012583, 2010. a
Moisander, P. H., Beinart, R. A., Voss, M., and Zehr, J. P.: Diversity and
abundance of diazotrophic microorganisms in the South China Sea during
intermonsoon, ISME J., 2, 954–967, 2008. a
Moisander, P. H., Beinart, R. A., Hewson, I., White, A. E., Johnson, K. S.,
Carlson, C. A., Montoya, J. P., and Zehr, J. P.: Unicellular cyanobacterial
distributions broaden the oceanic N2 fixation domain, Science, 327,
1512–1514,
2010. a
Moisander, P. H., Benavides, M., Bonnet, S., Berman-Frank, I., White, A. E.,
and Riemann, L.: Chasing after Non-cyanobacterial Nitrogen Fixation in
Marine Pelagic Environments, Front. Microbiol., 8, 1736,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01736, 2017. a, b
Monteiro, F. M., Dutkiewicz, S., and Follows, M. J.: Biogeographical controls
on the marine nitrogen fixers: controls on marine nitrogen fixers, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB2003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003902, 2011. a, b, c
Montoya, J. P., Holl, C. M., Zehr, J. P., Hansen, A., Villareal, T. A., and
Capone, D. G.: High rates of N2 fixation by unicellular diazotrophs in the
oligotrophic Pacific Ocean, Nature, 430, 1027–1032,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02824, 2004. a, b
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd,
P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., Jickells,
T. D., La Roche, J., Lenton, T. M., Mahowald, N. M., Marañón, E., Marinov,
I., Moore, J. K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M. A., Thingstad,
T. F., Tsuda, A., and Ulloa, O.: Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient
limitation, Nat. Geosci., 6, 701–710, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1765, 2013. a, b
Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., Kleypas, J. A., Glover, D. M., and Fung, I. Y.:
An
intermediate complexity marine ecosystem model for the global domain,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 403–462, 2001. a
Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., and Lindsay, K.: Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics
and
iron cycling in a global three-dimensional model: global
ecosystem-biogeochemical model, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4028,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002220, 2004. a, b, c, d
Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., Mahowald, N., and Michaels,
A. F.:
Nitrogen fixation amplifies the ocean biogeochemical response to decadal
timescale variations in mineral dust deposition, Tellus B, 58, 560–572, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00209.x,
2006. a, b
Moutin, T., Van Den Broeck, N., Beker, B., Dupouy, C., Rimmelin, P., and
Le Bouteiller, A.: Phosphate availability controls Trichodesmium spp.
biomass in the SW Pacific Ocean, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 297,
15–21, 2005. a
Moutin, T., Karl, D. M., Duhamel, S., Rimmelin, P., Raimbault, P., Van Mooy,
B. A. S., and Claustre, H.: Phosphate availability and the ultimate control
of new nitrogen input by nitrogen fixation in the tropical Pacific Ocean,
Biogeosciences, 5, 95–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-95-2008, 2008. a, b
Mulholland, M. R. and Capone, D. G.: The nitrogen physiology of the marine
N2-fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp., Trends Plant Sci., 5,
148–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01576-4, 2000. a, b
Mulholland, M. R. and Capone, D. G.: Stoichiometry of nitrogen and carbon
utilization in cultured populations of Trichodesmium IMS101:
Implications for growth, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 436–443, 2001. a
Mulholland, M. R., Ohki, K., and Capone, D. G.: Nutrient controls on nitrogen
uptake and metabolism by natural populations and cultures of Trichodesmium
(cyanobacteria), J. Phycol., 37, 1001–1009,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.00080.x, 2001. a
Neveux, J., Tenírio, M. M. B., Dupouy, C., and Villareal, T. A.: Spectral
diversity of phycoerythrins and diazotroph abundance in tropical waters,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1689–1698, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1689, 2006. a
Paerl, H. W., Priscu, J. C., and Brawner, D. L.: Immunochemical localization
of
nitrogenase in marine Trichodesmium aggregates: Relationship to
N2
fixation potential, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 2965–2975,
1989. a
Pahlow, M. and Oschlies, A.: Chain model of phytoplankton P, N and light
colimitation, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 376, 69–83,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07748, 2009. a
Penven, P., Debreu, L., Marchesiello, P., and McWilliams, J. C.: Evaluation
and
application of the ROMS 1-way embedding procedure to the central california
upwelling system, Ocean Model., 12, 157–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.05.002, 2006. a
Postgate, J. R.: Biology nitrogen fixation: fundamentals, Philos.
T. Roy. Soc. B, 296,
375–385, 1982. a
Radic, A., Lacan, F., and Murray, J. W.: Iron isotopes in the seawater of the
equatorial Pacific Ocean: New constraints for the oceanic iron cycle,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 306, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.03.015, 2011. a
Raimbault, P. and Garcia, N.: Evidence for efficient regenerated production
and dinitrogen fixation in nitrogen-deficient waters of the South Pacific
Ocean: impact on new and export production estimates, Biogeosciences, 5,
323–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-323-2008, 2008. a, b
Raven, J. A.: The iron and molybdenum use efficiencies of plant growth with
different energy, carbon and nitrogen sources, New Phytol., 109,
279–287, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb04196.x,
1988. a
Rubin, M., Berman-Frank, I., and Shaked, Y.: Dust- and mineral-iron
utilization
by the marine dinitrogen-fixer Trichodesmium, Nat. Geosci., 4,
529–534, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1181, 2011. a, b, c, d
Rueter, J. G.: Iron stimulation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in
Anabaena 7120 and Trichodesmium (Cyanophyceae), J. Phycol.,
24, 249–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1988.tb04240.x,
1988. a
Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: The regional oceanic modeling
system (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface,
topography-following-coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Model., 9, 347–404,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002, 2005. a
Shiozaki, T., Kodama, T., Kitajima, S., Sato, M., and Furuya, K.: Advective
transport of diazotrophs and importance of their nitrogen fixation on new and
primary production in the western Pacific warm pool, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 58, 49–60, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0049, 2013. a
Shiozaki, T., Nagata, T., Ijichi, M., and Furuya, K.: Nitrogen fixation and
the diazotroph community in the temperate coastal region of the northwestern
North Pacific, Biogeosciences, 12, 4751–4764,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4751-2015, 2015. a
Staal, M., Meysman, F. J. R., and Stal, L. J.: Temperature excludes
N2-fixing
heterocystous cyanobacteria in the tropical oceans, Nature, 425, 501–504,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02001, 2003. a
Stenegren, M., Caputo, A., Berg, C., Bonnet, S., and Foster, R. A.: Distribution
and drivers of symbiotic and free-living diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the western
tropical South Pacific, Biogeosciences, 15, 1559–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1559-2018, 2018. a, b, c
Sterner, R. W. and Elser, J. J.: Ecological Stoichiometry: The Biology
of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere,
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400885695, 2002. a
Sunda, W. G. and Huntsman, S. A.: Interrelated influence of iron, light and
cell size on marine phytoplankton growth, Nature, 390, 389–392,
https://doi.org/10.1038/37093,
1997. a
Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., and Aumont, O.: Ocean biogeochemistry exhibits
contrasting responses to a large scale reduction in dust deposition,
Biogeosciences, 5, 11–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-11-2008, 2008. a, b
Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., Dutay, J.-C., Bowie, A. R., Chever, F.,
Jean-Baptiste,
P., Bucciarelli, E., Lannuzel, D., Remenyi, T., Sarthou, G., Aumont, O.,
Gehlen, M., and Jeandel, C.: Hydrothermal contribution to the oceanic
dissolved iron inventory, Nat. Geosci., 3, 252–256,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo818, 2010. a
Tagliabue, A., Mtshali, T., Aumont, O., Bowie, A. R., Klunder, M. B.,
Roychoudhury, A. N., and Swart, S.: A global compilation of dissolved iron
measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean,
Biogeosciences, 9, 2333–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2333-2012, 2012. a
Tegen, I. and Fung, I.: Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load
from land surface modification, J. Geophys. Res., 100,
18707, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02051, 1995. a
Toner, B. M., Fakra, S. C., Manganini, S. J., Santelli, C. M., Marcus, M. A.,
Moffett, J. W., Rouxel, O., German, C. R., and Edwards, K. J.: Preservation
of iron(II) by carbon-rich matrices in a hydrothermal plume, Nat.
Geosci., 2, 197–201, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo433, 2009. a
Turk-Kubo, K. A., Karamchandani, M., Capone, D. G., and Zehr, J. P.: The
paradox of marine heterotrophic nitrogen fixation: abundances of
heterotrophic diazotrophs do not account for nitrogen fixation rates in the
Eastern Tropical South Pacific: N2-fixing potential
of heterotrophs in the ETSP, Environ. Microbiol., 16, 3095–3114,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12346, 2014. a
Villareal, T. and Carpenter, E.: Buoyancy Regulation and the Potential
for
Vertical Migration in the Oceanic Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium,
Microb. Ecol., 45, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-002-1012-5, 2003. a
Villareal, T. A. and Carpenter, E. J.: Diel buoyancy regulation in the marine
diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 35, 1832–1837, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.8.1832, 1990. a
White, A., Spitz, Y., and Letelier, R.: Modeling carbohydrate ballasting by
Trichodesmium spp., Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 323, 35–45,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps323035, 2006. a
Ye, Y., Völker, C., Bracher, A., Taylor, B., and Wolf-Gladrow, D. A.:
Environmental controls on N2 fixation by Trichodesmium in the tropical
eastern North Atlantic Ocean – A model-based study, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. I, 64, 104–117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.01.004, 2012. a
Zahariev, K., Christian, J. R., and Denman, K. L.: Preindustrial, historical,
and fertilization simulations using a global ocean carbon model with new
parameterizations of iron limitation, calcification, and N2 fixation,
Prog. Oceanogr., 77, 56–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2008.01.007,
2008. a
Zehr, J. P. and Bombar, D.: Marine Nitrogen Fixation: Organisms,
Significance, Enigmas, and Future Directions, in: Biological
Nitrogen Fixation, edited by: de Bruijn, F. J., 855–872, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119053095.ch84, 2015. a
Short summary
N2 fixation is recognized as one of the major sources of nitrogen in the ocean. Thus, N2 fixation sustains a significant part of the primary production (PP) by supplying the most common limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. From numerical simulations, the local maximums of Trichodesmium biomass in the Pacific are found around islands, explained by the iron fluxes from island sediments. We assessed that 15 % of the PP may be due to Trichodesmium in the low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll areas.
N2 fixation is recognized as one of the major sources of nitrogen in the ocean. Thus, N2...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint