Articles | Volume 17, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5223-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5223-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses: The mechanisms underlying carbon storage in soil
Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE,
Aix-en-Provence, France
Jérôme Balesdent
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE,
Aix-en-Provence, France
deceased, 19 July 2020
Sylvain Pellerin
INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave
d'Ornon, France
Related authors
Floriane Jamoteau, Emmanuel Doelsch, Nithavong Cam, Clément Levard, Thierry Woignier, Adrien Boulineau, François Saint-Antonin, Sufal Swaraj, Ghislain Gassier, Adrien Duvivier, Daniel Borschneck, Marie-Laure Pons, Perrine Chaurand, Vladimir Vidal, Nicolas Brouilly, and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2933, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2933, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that cultivating natural soils disrupts crucial mineral-organic associations, leading to carbon loss and reduced soil fertility. By analyzing soil samples from a forest and crop andosols, we found that these associations exist as amorphous coprecipitates (nanoCLICs). Cultivation reduces quantities of nanoCLICs by 50 %, highlighting their vulnerability to environmental changes and the need to develop strategies to preserve them to maintain soil fertility.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Solène Quéro, Christine Hatté, Sophie Cornu, Adrien Duvivier, Nithavong Cam, Floriane Jamoteau, Daniel Borschneck, and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
SOIL, 8, 517–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-517-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-517-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although present in food security key areas, Arenosols carbon stocks are barely studied. A 150-year-old land use change in a Mediterranean Arenosol showed a loss from 50 Gt C ha-1 to 3 Gt C ha-1 after grape cultivation. 14C showed that deep ploughing in a vineyard plot redistributed the remaining microbial carbon both vertically and horizontally. Despite the drastic degradation of the organic matter pool, Arenosols would have a high carbon storage potential, targeting the 4 per 1000 initiative.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Pierre Barré, Denis A. Angers, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Antonio Bispo, Lauric Cécillon, Claire Chenu, Tiphaine Chevallier, Delphine Derrien, Thomas K. Eglin, and Sylvain Pellerin
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-395, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Soil C storage is currently discussed at a high political level. This paper discusses whether the concept of soil C saturation deficit can be appropriate to determine quantitatively the soil C storage potential and contribute to answer operational questions raised by policy makers. After a review of the literature, we conclude that for practical and conceptual reasons, the C saturation deficit is not appropriate for assessing quantitatively the soil total OC storage potential.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Anne Alexandre, Jérôme Balesdent, Patrick Cazevieille, Claire Chevassus-Rosset, Patrick Signoret, Jean-Charles Mazur, Araks Harutyunyan, Emmanuel Doelsch, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Hélène Miche, and Guaciara M. Santos
Biogeosciences, 13, 1693–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1693-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1693-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This 13C labeling experiment demonstrates that carbon can be absorbed by the roots, translocated in the plant, and ultimately fixed in organic compounds subject to occlusion in silica particles that form inside plant cells (phytoliths). Plausible forms of carbon absorbed, translocated, and fixed in phytoliths are assessed. Implications for our understanding of the C cycle at the plant-soil-atmosphere interface are discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
A. Alexandre, I. Basile-Doelsch, T. Delhaye, D. Borshneck, J. C. Mazur, P. Reyerson, and G. M. Santos
Biogeosciences, 12, 863–873, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-863-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-863-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoliths contain occluded organic compounds called phytC. The nature and location of phytC in biogenic silica structures is poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed the 3-D structure of phytoliths using 3-D Xray microscopy. We further evidenced a pool of phytC, continuously distributed in the silica structure, using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Our findings allowed the re-evaluation of previous suggestions regarding phytC quantification and environmental meaning.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Floriane Jamoteau, Emmanuel Doelsch, Nithavong Cam, Clément Levard, Thierry Woignier, Adrien Boulineau, François Saint-Antonin, Sufal Swaraj, Ghislain Gassier, Adrien Duvivier, Daniel Borschneck, Marie-Laure Pons, Perrine Chaurand, Vladimir Vidal, Nicolas Brouilly, and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2933, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2933, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that cultivating natural soils disrupts crucial mineral-organic associations, leading to carbon loss and reduced soil fertility. By analyzing soil samples from a forest and crop andosols, we found that these associations exist as amorphous coprecipitates (nanoCLICs). Cultivation reduces quantities of nanoCLICs by 50 %, highlighting their vulnerability to environmental changes and the need to develop strategies to preserve them to maintain soil fertility.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Solène Quéro, Christine Hatté, Sophie Cornu, Adrien Duvivier, Nithavong Cam, Floriane Jamoteau, Daniel Borschneck, and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
SOIL, 8, 517–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-517-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-517-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although present in food security key areas, Arenosols carbon stocks are barely studied. A 150-year-old land use change in a Mediterranean Arenosol showed a loss from 50 Gt C ha-1 to 3 Gt C ha-1 after grape cultivation. 14C showed that deep ploughing in a vineyard plot redistributed the remaining microbial carbon both vertically and horizontally. Despite the drastic degradation of the organic matter pool, Arenosols would have a high carbon storage potential, targeting the 4 per 1000 initiative.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Bruno Ringeval, Christoph Müller, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Philippe Ciais, Christian Folberth, Wenfeng Liu, Philippe Debaeke, and Sylvain Pellerin
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1639–1656, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assess how and why global gridded crop models (GGCMs) differ in their simulation of potential yield. We build a GCCM emulator based on generic formalism and fit its parameters against aboveground biomass and yield at harvest simulated by eight GGCMs. Despite huge differences between GGCMs, we show that the calibration of a few key parameters allows the emulator to reproduce the GGCM simulations. Our simple but mechanistic model could help to improve the global simulation of potential yield.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Pierre Barré, Denis A. Angers, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Antonio Bispo, Lauric Cécillon, Claire Chenu, Tiphaine Chevallier, Delphine Derrien, Thomas K. Eglin, and Sylvain Pellerin
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-395, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Soil C storage is currently discussed at a high political level. This paper discusses whether the concept of soil C saturation deficit can be appropriate to determine quantitatively the soil C storage potential and contribute to answer operational questions raised by policy makers. After a review of the literature, we conclude that for practical and conceptual reasons, the C saturation deficit is not appropriate for assessing quantitatively the soil total OC storage potential.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Anne Alexandre, Jérôme Balesdent, Patrick Cazevieille, Claire Chevassus-Rosset, Patrick Signoret, Jean-Charles Mazur, Araks Harutyunyan, Emmanuel Doelsch, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Hélène Miche, and Guaciara M. Santos
Biogeosciences, 13, 1693–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1693-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1693-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This 13C labeling experiment demonstrates that carbon can be absorbed by the roots, translocated in the plant, and ultimately fixed in organic compounds subject to occlusion in silica particles that form inside plant cells (phytoliths). Plausible forms of carbon absorbed, translocated, and fixed in phytoliths are assessed. Implications for our understanding of the C cycle at the plant-soil-atmosphere interface are discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
A. Alexandre, I. Basile-Doelsch, T. Delhaye, D. Borshneck, J. C. Mazur, P. Reyerson, and G. M. Santos
Biogeosciences, 12, 863–873, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-863-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-863-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoliths contain occluded organic compounds called phytC. The nature and location of phytC in biogenic silica structures is poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed the 3-D structure of phytoliths using 3-D Xray microscopy. We further evidenced a pool of phytC, continuously distributed in the silica structure, using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Our findings allowed the re-evaluation of previous suggestions regarding phytC quantification and environmental meaning.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Soils
Technical note: A validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis
Vegetation patterns associated with nutrient availability and supply in high-elevation tropical Andean ecosystems
Technical note: An open-source, low-cost system for continuous monitoring of low nitrate concentrations in soil and open water
Long-term fertilization increases soil but not plant or microbial N in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
Factors controlling spatiotemporal variability of soil carbon accumulation and stock estimates in a tidal salt marsh
Moisture and temperature effects on the radiocarbon signature of respired carbon dioxide to assess stability of soil carbon in the Tibetan Plateau
Non-mycorrhizal root-associated fungi increase soil C stocks and stability via diverse mechanisms
Nine years of warming and nitrogen addition in the Tibetan grassland promoted loss of soil organic carbon but did not alter the bulk change in chemical structure
Diverse organic carbon dynamics captured by radiocarbon analysis of distinct compound classes in a grassland soil
Soil priming effects and involved microbial community along salt gradients
Adjustments to the Rock-Eval® thermal analysis for soil organic and inorganic carbon quantification
Ecosystem-specific patterns and drivers of global reactive iron mineral-associated organic carbon
Dark septate endophytic fungi associated with pioneer grass inhabiting volcanic deposits and their functions in promoting plant growth
Global patterns and drivers of phosphorus fractions in natural soils
Reviews and syntheses: Iron – a driver of nitrogen bioavailability in soils?
The Effects of Land Use on Soil Carbon Stocks in the UK
How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter
Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities
Mapping soil organic carbon fractions for Australia, their stocks, and uncertainty
Technical note: The recovery rate of free particulate organic matter from soil samples is strongly affected by the method of density fractionation
Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon respiration along a forested elevation gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
The influence of elevated CO2 and soil depth on rhizosphere activity and nutrient availability in a mature Eucalyptus woodland
The paradox of assessing greenhouse gases from soils for nature-based solutions
Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon on global croplands
Pore network modeling as a new tool for determining gas diffusivity in peat
Temperature sensitivity of dark CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils
Effects of precipitation seasonality, irrigation, vegetation cycle and soil type on enhanced weathering – modeling of cropland case studies across four sites
Stable isotope profiles of soil organic carbon in forested and grassland landscapes in the Lake Alaotra basin (Madagascar): insights in past vegetation changes
Reviews and syntheses: The promise of big diverse soil data, moving current practices towards future potential
Dynamics of rare earth elements and associated major and trace elements during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation
To what extent can soil moisture and soil Cu contamination stresses affect nitrous species emissions? Estimation through calibration of a nitrification–denitrification model
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry of organic matter in Swedish forest soils and its relationship with climate, tree species, and soil texture
Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence
Leaching of inorganic and organic phosphorus and nitrogen in contrasting beech forest soils – seasonal patterns and effects of fertilization
Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone
Soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils
Effect of organic carbon addition on paddy soil organic carbon decomposition under different irrigation regimes
Soil profile connectivity can impact microbial substrate use, affecting how soil CO2 effluxes are controlled by temperature
Additional carbon inputs to reach a 4 per 1000 objective in Europe: feasibility and projected impacts of climate change based on Century simulations of long-term arable experiments
Cycling and retention of nitrogen in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems under elevated fructification frequency
Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted Fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding–draining cycle
Simulating measurable ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics with the mechanistically defined MEMS 2.0 model
Similar importance of edaphic and climatic factors for controlling soil organic carbon stocks of the world
Representing methane emissions from wet tropical forest soils using microbial functional groups constrained by soil diffusivity
Long-term bare-fallow soil fractions reveal thermo-chemical properties controlling soil organic carbon dynamics
Geochemical zones and environmental gradients for soils from the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
Age distribution, extractability, and stability of mineral-bound organic carbon in central European soils
Denitrification in soil as a function of oxygen availability at the microscale
Key drivers of pyrogenic carbon redistribution during a simulated rainfall event
Marija Stojanova, Pierre Arbelet, François Baudin, Nicolas Bouton, Giovanni Caria, Lorenza Pacini, Nicolas Proix, Edouard Quibel, Achille Thin, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 21, 4229–4237, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Because of its importance for climate regulation and soil health, many studies focus on carbon dynamics in soils. However, quantifying organic and inorganic carbon remains an issue in carbonated soils. In this technical note, we propose a validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. With this correction, the Rock-Eval® method has the potential to become the standard method for quantifying carbon in carbonate soils.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Armando Molina, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 21, 3075–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Andes contains unique landscapes where forest patches are surrounded by tussock grasses and cushion-forming plants. The aboveground vegetation composition informs us about belowground nutrient availability: patterns in plant-available nutrients resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of soil nutrients by plant uptake or leaching. Future changes in vegetation distribution will affect soil water and solute fluxes and the aquatic ecology of Andean rivers and lakes.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sahiti Bulusu, Cristina Prieto García, Helen E. Dahlke, and Elad Levintal
Biogeosciences, 21, 3007–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Do-it-yourself hardware is a new way to improve measurement resolution. We present a low-cost, automated system for field measurements of low nitrate concentrations in soil porewater and open water bodies. All data hardware components cost USD 1100, which is much cheaper than other available commercial solutions. We provide the complete building guide to reduce technical barriers, which we hope will allow easier reproducibility and set up new soil and environmental monitoring applications.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Violeta Mendoza-Martinez, Scott L. Collins, and Jennie R. McLaren
Biogeosciences, 21, 2655–2667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the impacts of multi-decadal nitrogen additions on a dryland ecosystem N budget, including the soil, microbial, and plant N pools. After 26 years, there appears to be little impact on the soil microbial or plant community and only minimal increases in N pools within the soil. While perhaps encouraging from a conservation standpoint, we calculate that greater than 95 % of the nitrogen added to the system is not retained and is instead either lost deeper in the soil or emitted as gas.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sean Fettrow, Andrew Wozniak, Holly A. Michael, and Angelia L. Seyfferth
Biogeosciences, 21, 2367–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes play a big role in global carbon (C) storage, and C stock estimates are used to predict future changes. However, spatial and temporal gradients in C burial rates over the landscape exist due to variations in water inundation, dominant plant species and stage of growth, and tidal action. We quantified soil C concentrations in soil cores across time and space beside several porewater biogeochemical variables and discussed the controls on variability in soil C in salt marsh ecosystems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Andrés Tangarife-Escobar, Georg Guggenberger, Xiaojuan Feng, Guohua Dai, Carolina Urbina-Malo, Mina Azizi-Rad, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 21, 1277–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter stability depends on future temperature and precipitation scenarios. We used radiocarbon (14C) data and model predictions to understand how the transit time of carbon varies under environmental change in grasslands and peatlands. Soil moisture affected the Δ14C of peatlands, while temperature did not have any influence. Our models show the correspondence between Δ14C and transit time and could allow understanding future interactions between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Emiko K. Stuart, Laura Castañeda-Gómez, Wolfram Buss, Jeff R. Powell, and Yolima Carrillo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1037–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We inoculated wheat plants with various types of fungi whose impacts on soil carbon are poorly understood. After several months of growth, we examined both their impacts on soil carbon and the underlying mechanisms using multiple methods. Overall the fungi benefitted the storage of carbon in soil, mainly by improving the stability of pre-existing carbon, but several pathways were involved. This study demonstrates their importance for soil carbon storage and, therefore, climate change mitigation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Huimin Sun, Michael W. I. Schmidt, Jintao Li, Jinquan Li, Xiang Liu, Nicholas O. E. Ofiti, Shurong Zhou, and Ming Nie
Biogeosciences, 21, 575–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-575-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A soil organic carbon (SOC) molecular structure suggested that the easily decomposable and stabilized SOC is similarly affected after 9-year warming and N treatments despite large changes in SOC stocks. Given the long residence time of some SOC, the similar loss of all measurable chemical forms of SOC under global change treatments could have important climate consequences.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katherine E. Grant, Marisa N. Repasch, Kari M. Finstad, Julia D. Kerr, Maxwell A. T. Marple, Christopher J. Larson, Taylor A. B. Broek, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, and Karis J. McFarlane
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3125, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store organic carbon composed of different compounds from plants and microbes that stays in the soils for different lengths of time. To understand this process, we measure the time each carbon fraction is in a grassland soil profile. Our results show that the length of time each individual soil fraction is in our soil changes. Our approach allows a detailed look at the different components in soils. This study can help improve our understanding of soil dynamics.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Haoli Zhang, Doudou Chang, Zhifeng Zhu, Chunmei Meng, and Kaiyong Wang
Biogeosciences, 21, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil salinity mediates microorganisms and soil processes like soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. We observed that negative priming effects at the early stages might be due to the preferential utilization of cottonseed meal. The positive priming that followed decreased with the increase in salinity.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Joséphine Hazera, David Sebag, Isabelle Kowalewski, Eric Verrecchia, Herman Ravelojaona, and Tiphaine Chevallier
Biogeosciences, 20, 5229–5242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study adapts the Rock-Eval® protocol to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) on a non-pretreated soil aliquot. The standard protocol properly estimates SOC contents once the TOC parameter is corrected. However, it cannot complete the thermal breakdown of SIC amounts > 4 mg, leading to an underestimation of high SIC contents by the MinC parameter, even after correcting for this. Thus, the final oxidation isotherm is extended to 7 min to quantify any SIC amount.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Bo Zhao, Amin Dou, Zhiwei Zhang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbo Sun, Yanli Feng, Xiaojuan Wang, and Qiang Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 4761–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the spatial variability and determinants of Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe-OC) among terrestrial, wetland, and marine ecosystems and its governing factors globally. We illustrated that reactive Fe was not only an important sequestration mechanism for OC in terrestrial ecosystems but also an effective “rusty sink” of OC preservation in wetland and marine ecosystems, i.e., a key factor for long-term OC storage in global ecosystems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Han Sun, Tomoyasu Nishizawa, Hiroyuki Ohta, and Kazuhiko Narisawa
Biogeosciences, 20, 4737–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we assessed the diversity and function of the dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi community associated with Miscanthus condensatus root in volcanic ecosystems. Both metabarcoding and isolation were adopted in this study. We further validated effects on plant growth by inoculation of some core DSE isolates. This study helps improve our understanding of the role of Miscanthus condensatus-associated DSE fungi during the restoration of post-volcanic ecosystems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xianjin He, Laurent Augusto, Daniel S. Goll, Bruno Ringeval, Ying-Ping Wang, Julian Helfenstein, Yuanyuan Huang, and Enqing Hou
Biogeosciences, 20, 4147–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We identified total soil P concentration as the most important predictor of all soil P pool concentrations, except for primary mineral P concentration, which is primarily controlled by soil pH and only secondarily by total soil P concentration. We predicted soil P pools’ distributions in natural systems, which can inform assessments of the role of natural P availability for ecosystem productivity, climate change mitigation, and the functioning of the Earth system.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Imane Slimani, Xia Zhu-Barker, Patricia Lazicki, and William Horwath
Biogeosciences, 20, 3873–3894, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3873-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3873-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is a strong link between nitrogen availability and iron minerals in soils. These minerals have multiple outcomes for nitrogen availability depending on soil conditions and properties. For example, iron can limit microbial degradation of nitrogen in aerated soils but has opposing outcomes in non-aerated soils. This paper focuses on the multiple ways iron can affect nitrogen bioavailability in soils.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Peter Levy, Laura Bentley, Bridget Emmett, Angus Garbutt, Aidan Keith, Inma Lebron, and David Robinson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1681, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We collated a large data set (15790 soil cores) on soil carbon stock in different land uses. Soil carbon stocks were highest in woodlands and lowest in croplands. The variability in the effects were large. This has important implications for agri-environment schemes, seeking to sequester carbon in the soil by altering land use, because the effect of a given intervention is very hard to verify.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Shane W. Stoner, Marion Schrumpf, Alison Hoyt, Carlos A. Sierra, Sebastian Doetterl, Valier Galy, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 20, 3151–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store more carbon (C) than any other terrestrial C reservoir, but the processes that control how much C stays in soil, and for how long, are very complex. Here, we used a recent method that involves heating soil in the lab to measure the range of C ages in soil. We found that most C in soil is decades to centuries old, while some stays for much shorter times (days to months), and some is thousands of years old. Such detail helps us to estimate how soil C may react to changing climate.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Adetunji Alex Adekanmbi, Laurence Dale, Liz Shaw, and Tom Sizmur
Biogeosciences, 20, 2207–2219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The decomposition of soil organic matter and flux of carbon dioxide are expected to increase as temperatures rise. However, soil organic matter decomposition is a two-step process whereby large molecules are first broken down outside microbial cells and then respired within microbial cells. We show here that these two steps are not equally sensitive to increases in soil temperature and that global warming may cause a shift in the rate-limiting step from outside to inside the microbial cell.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Mercedes Román Dobarco, Alexandre M. J-C. Wadoux, Brendan Malone, Budiman Minasny, Alex B. McBratney, and Ross Searle
Biogeosciences, 20, 1559–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1559-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1559-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is of a heterogeneous nature and varies in chemistry, stabilisation mechanisms, and persistence in soil. In this study we mapped the stocks of SOC fractions with different characteristics and turnover rates (presumably PyOC >= MAOC > POC) across Australia, combining spectroscopy and digital soil mapping. The SOC stocks (0–30 cm) were estimated as 13 Pg MAOC, 2 Pg POC, and 5 Pg PyOC.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks
Biogeosciences, 20, 1529–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication with density fractionation of soils is a commonly used method to separate soil organic matter pools, which is, e.g., important to calculate carbon turnover in landscapes. It is shown that the approach that merges soil and dense solution without mixing has a low recovery rate and causes co-extraction of parts of the retained labile pool along with the intermediate pool. An alternative method with high recovery rates and no cross-contamination was recommended.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Tino Peplau, Christopher Poeplau, Edward Gregorich, and Julia Schroeder
Biogeosciences, 20, 1063–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We buried tea bags and temperature loggers in a paired-plot design in soils under forest and agricultural land and retrieved them after 2 years to quantify the effect of land-use change on soil temperature and litter decomposition in subarctic agricultural systems. We could show that agricultural soils were on average 2 °C warmer than forests and that litter decomposition was enhanced. The results imply that deforestation amplifies effects of climate change on soil organic matter dynamics.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Joseph Okello, Marijn Bauters, Hans Verbeeck, Samuel Bodé, John Kasenene, Astrid Françoys, Till Engelhardt, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
Biogeosciences, 20, 719–735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in global and regional temperatures has the potential to drive accelerated soil organic carbon losses in tropical forests. We simulated climate warming by translocating intact soil cores from higher to lower elevations. The results revealed increasing temperature sensitivity and decreasing losses of soil organic carbon with increasing elevation. Our results suggest that climate warming may trigger enhanced losses of soil organic carbon from tropical montane forests.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Johanna Pihlblad, Louise C. Andresen, Catriona A. Macdonald, David S. Ellsworth, and Yolima Carrillo
Biogeosciences, 20, 505–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated CO2 in the atmosphere increases forest biomass productivity when growth is not limited by soil nutrients. This study explores how mature trees stimulate soil availability of nitrogen and phosphorus with free-air carbon dioxide enrichment after 5 years of fumigation. We found that both nutrient availability and processes feeding available pools increased in the rhizosphere, and phosphorus increased at depth. This appears to not be by decomposition but by faster recycling of nutrients.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rodrigo Vargas and Van Huong Le
Biogeosciences, 20, 15–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-15-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the role of soils in nature-based solutions requires accurate estimates of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We suggest that multiple GHG fluxes should not be simultaneously measured at a few fixed time intervals, but an optimized sampling approach can reduce bias and uncertainty. Our results have implications for assessing GHG fluxes from soils and a better understanding of the role of soils in nature-based solutions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Kristine Karstens, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Marta Dondini, Jens Heinke, Matthias Kuhnert, Christoph Müller, Susanne Rolinski, Pete Smith, Isabelle Weindl, Hermann Lotze-Campen, and Alexander Popp
Biogeosciences, 19, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes, the management decisions are still little investigated at the global scale. We estimate that soils have lost around 26 GtC relative to a counterfactual natural state in 1975. Yet, since 1975, SOC has been increasing again by 4 GtC due to a higher productivity, recycling of crop residues and manure, and no-tillage practices.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Arianna Marchionne, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 5041–5058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large carbon stocks. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from peatlands may increase due to changes in management and climate. We studied the variation in the gas diffusivity of peat with depth using pore network simulations and laboratory experiments. Gas diffusivity was found to be lower in deeper peat with smaller pores and lower pore connectivity. However, gas diffusivity was not extremely low in wet conditions, which may reflect the distinctive structure of peat.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rachael Akinyede, Martin Taubert, Marion Schrumpf, Susan Trumbore, and Kirsten Küsel
Biogeosciences, 19, 4011–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soils will likely become warmer in the future, and this can increase the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. As microbes can take up soil CO2 and prevent further escape into the atmosphere, this study compares the rate of uptake and release of CO2 at two different temperatures. With warming, the rate of CO2 uptake increases less than the rate of release, indicating that the capacity to modulate soil CO2 release into the atmosphere will decrease under future warming.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Giuseppe Cipolla, Salvatore Calabrese, Amilcare Porporato, and Leonardo V. Noto
Biogeosciences, 19, 3877–3896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration. Since models may help to characterize field EW, the present work applies a hydro-biogeochemical model to four case studies characterized by different rainfall seasonality, vegetation and soil type. Rainfall seasonality strongly affects EW dynamics, but low carbon sequestration suggests that an in-depth analysis at the global scale is required to see if EW may be effective to mitigate climate change.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Vao Fenotiana Razanamahandry, Marjolein Dewaele, Gerard Govers, Liesa Brosens, Benjamin Campforts, Liesbet Jacobs, Tantely Razafimbelo, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, and Steven Bouillon
Biogeosciences, 19, 3825–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3825-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3825-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In order to shed light on possible past vegetation shifts in the Central Highlands of Madagascar, we measured stable isotope ratios of organic carbon in soil profiles along both forested and grassland hillslope transects in the Lake Alaotra region. Our results show that the landscape of this region was more forested in the past: soils in the C4-dominated grasslands contained a substantial fraction of C3-derived carbon, increasing with depth.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katherine E. O. Todd-Brown, Rose Z. Abramoff, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Hava K. Blair, Stevan Earl, Kristen J. Frederick, Daniel R. Fuka, Mario Guevara Santamaria, Jennifer W. Harden, Katherine Heckman, Lillian J. Heran, James R. Holmquist, Alison M. Hoyt, David H. Klinges, David S. LeBauer, Avni Malhotra, Shelby C. McClelland, Lucas E. Nave, Katherine S. Rocci, Sean M. Schaeffer, Shane Stoner, Natasja van Gestel, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Marisa L. Younger
Biogeosciences, 19, 3505–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Research data are becoming increasingly available online with tantalizing possibilities for reanalysis. However harmonizing data from different sources remains challenging. Using the soils community as an example, we walked through the various strategies that researchers currently use to integrate datasets for reanalysis. We find that manual data transcription is still extremely common and that there is a critical need for community-supported informatics tools like vocabularies and ontologies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alessandro Montemagno, Christophe Hissler, Victor Bense, Adriaan J. Teuling, Johanna Ziebel, and Laurent Pfister
Biogeosciences, 19, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the biogeochemical processes that dominate the release and retention of elements (nutrients and potentially toxic elements) during litter degradation. Our results show that toxic elements are retained in the litter, while nutrients are released in solution during the first stages of degradation. This seems linked to the capability of trees to distribute the elements between degradation-resistant and non-degradation-resistant compounds of leaves according to their chemical nature.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Laura Sereni, Bertrand Guenet, Charlotte Blasi, Olivier Crouzet, Jean-Christophe Lata, and Isabelle Lamy
Biogeosciences, 19, 2953–2968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study focused on the modellisation of two important drivers of soil greenhouse gas emissions: soil contamination and soil moisture change. The aim was to include a Cu function in the soil biogeochemical model DNDC for different soil moisture conditions and then to estimate variation in N2O, NO2 or NOx emissions. Our results show a larger effect of Cu on N2 and N2O emissions than on the other nitrogen species and a higher effect for the soils incubated under constant constant moisture.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marie Spohn and Johan Stendahl
Biogeosciences, 19, 2171–2186, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of organic matter in Swedish forest soils. The N : P ratio of the organic layer was most strongly related to the mean annual temperature, while the C : N ratios of the organic layer and mineral soil were strongly related to tree species even in the subsoil. The organic P concentration in the mineral soil was strongly affected by soil texture, which diminished the effect of tree species on the C to organic P (C : OP) ratio.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Moritz Mainka, Laura Summerauer, Daniel Wasner, Gina Garland, Marco Griepentrog, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, and Sebastian Doetterl
Biogeosciences, 19, 1675–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The largest share of terrestrial carbon is stored in soils, making them highly relevant as regards global change. Yet, the mechanisms governing soil carbon stabilization are not well understood. The present study contributes to a better understanding of these processes. We show that qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) co-vary with alterations of the soil matrix following soil weathering. Hence, the type of SOM that is stabilized in soils might change as soils develop.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jasmin Fetzer, Emmanuel Frossard, Klaus Kaiser, and Frank Hagedorn
Biogeosciences, 19, 1527–1546, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As leaching is a major pathway of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in forest soils, we investigated several potential drivers in two contrasting beech forests. The composition of leachates, obtained by zero-tension lysimeters, varied by season, and climatic extremes influenced the magnitude of leaching. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization varied with soil nutrient status and sorption properties, and leaching from the low-nutrient soil was more sensitive to environmental factors.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Karis J. McFarlane, Heather M. Throckmorton, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Brent D. Newman, Alexandra L. Hedgpeth, Marisa N. Repasch, Thomas P. Guilderson, and Cathy J. Wilson
Biogeosciences, 19, 1211–1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Planetary warming is increasing seasonal thaw of permafrost, making this extensive old carbon stock vulnerable. In northern Alaska, we found more and older dissolved organic carbon in small drainages later in summer as more permafrost was exposed by deepening thaw. Younger and older carbon did not differ in chemical indicators related to biological lability suggesting this carbon can cycle through aquatic systems and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions as warming increases permafrost thaw.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Pengzhi Zhao, Daniel Joseph Fallu, Sara Cucchiaro, Paolo Tarolli, Clive Waddington, David Cockcroft, Lisa Snape, Andreas Lang, Sebastian Doetterl, Antony G. Brown, and Kristof Van Oost
Biogeosciences, 18, 6301–6312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the factors controlling the soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and temperature sensitivity of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils. Results suggest that the burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided an SOC stabilization mechanism. Both the soil C : N ratio and SOC mineral protection regulate soil SOC temperature sensitivity. However, which mechanism predominantly controls SOC temperature sensitivity depends on the age of the buried terrace soils.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Heleen Deroo, Masuda Akter, Samuel Bodé, Orly Mendoza, Haichao Li, Pascal Boeckx, and Steven Sleutel
Biogeosciences, 18, 5035–5051, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5035-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5035-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed if and how incorporation of exogenous organic carbon (OC) such as straw could affect decomposition of native soil organic carbon (SOC) under different irrigation regimes. Addition of exogenous OC promoted dissolution of native SOC, partly because of increased Fe reduction, leading to more net release of Fe-bound SOC. Yet, there was no proportionate priming of SOC-derived DOC mineralisation. Water-saving irrigation can retard both priming of SOC dissolution and mineralisation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frances A. Podrebarac, Sharon A. Billings, Kate A. Edwards, Jérôme Laganière, Matthew J. Norwood, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4755–4772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a large and temperature-responsive flux in the global carbon cycle. We found increases in microbial use of easy to degrade substrates enhanced the temperature response of respiration in soils layered as they are in situ. This enhanced response is consistent with soil composition differences in warm relative to cold climate forests. These results highlight the importance of the intact nature of soils rarely studied in regulating responses of CO2 fluxes to changing temperature.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Elisa Bruni, Bertrand Guenet, Yuanyuan Huang, Hugues Clivot, Iñigo Virto, Roberta Farina, Thomas Kätterer, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Martin, and Claire Chenu
Biogeosciences, 18, 3981–4004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3981-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is beneficial for climate change mitigation and food security. One way to enhance SOC stocks is to increase carbon input to the soil. We estimate the amount of carbon input required to reach a 4 % annual increase in SOC stocks in 14 long-term agricultural experiments around Europe. We found that annual carbon input should increase by 43 % under current temperature conditions, by 54 % for a 1 °C warming scenario and by 120 % for a 5 °C warming scenario.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rainer Brumme, Bernd Ahrends, Joachim Block, Christoph Schulz, Henning Meesenburg, Uwe Klinck, Markus Wagner, and Partap K. Khanna
Biogeosciences, 18, 3763–3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3763-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3763-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to study the fate of litter nitrogen in forest soils, we combined a leaf litterfall exchange experiment using 15N-labeled leaf litter with long-term element budgets at seven European beech sites in Germany. It appears that fructification intensity, which has increased in recent decades, has a distinct impact on N retention in forest soils. Despite reduced nitrogen deposition, about 6 and 10 kg ha−1 of nitrogen were retained annually in the soils and in the forest stands, respectively.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lorenz Gfeller, Andrea Weber, Isabelle Worms, Vera I. Slaveykova, and Adrien Mestrot
Biogeosciences, 18, 3445–3465, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3445-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3445-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our incubation experiment shows that flooding of polluted floodplain soils may induce pulses of both mercury (Hg) and methylmercury to the soil solution and threaten downstream ecosystems. We demonstrate that mobilization of Hg bound to manganese oxides is a relevant process in organic-matter-poor soils. Addition of organic amendments accelerates this mobilization but also facilitates the formation of nanoparticulate Hg and the subsequent fixation of Hg from soil solution to the soil.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yao Zhang, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Andy D. Robertson, Rebecca Even, Stephen M. Ogle, Keith Paustian, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 18, 3147–3171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for the health of soils, and the accumulation of SOM helps removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Here we present the result of the continued development of a mathematical model that simulates SOM and its measurable fractions. In this study, we simulated several grassland sites in the US, and the model generally captured the carbon and nitrogen amounts in SOM and their distribution between the measurable fractions throughout the entire soil profile.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zhongkui Luo, Raphael A. Viscarra-Rossel, and Tian Qian
Biogeosciences, 18, 2063–2073, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2063-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2063-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using the data from 141 584 whole-soil profiles across the globe, we disentangled the relative importance of biotic, climatic and edaphic variables in controlling global SOC stocks. The results suggested that soil properties and climate contributed similarly to the explained global variance of SOC in four sequential soil layers down to 2 m. However, the most important individual controls are consistently soil-related, challenging current climate-driven framework of SOC dynamics.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Debjani Sihi, Xiaofeng Xu, Mónica Salazar Ortiz, Christine S. O'Connell, Whendee L. Silver, Carla López-Lloreda, Julia M. Brenner, Ryan K. Quinn, Jana R. Phillips, Brent D. Newman, and Melanie A. Mayes
Biogeosciences, 18, 1769–1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Humid tropical soils are important sources and sinks of methane. We used model simulation to understand how different kinds of microbes and observed soil moisture and oxygen dynamics contribute to production and consumption of methane along a wet tropical hillslope during normal and drought conditions. Drought alters the diffusion of oxygen and microbial substrates into and out of soil microsites, resulting in enhanced methane release from the entire hillslope during drought recovery.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Mathieu Chassé, Suzanne Lutfalla, Lauric Cécillon, François Baudin, Samuel Abiven, Claire Chenu, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 18, 1703–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Evolution of organic carbon content in soils could be a major driver of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations over the next century. Understanding factors controlling carbon persistence in soil is a challenge. Our study of unique long-term bare-fallow samples, depleted in labile organic carbon, helps improve the separation, evaluation and characterization of carbon pools with distinct residence time in soils and gives insight into the mechanisms explaining soil organic carbon persistence.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Melisa A. Diaz, Christopher B. Gardner, Susan A. Welch, W. Andrew Jackson, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Biogeosciences, 18, 1629–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble salt and nutrient concentrations of soils collected along the Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica, show distinct geochemical gradients related to latitude, longitude, elevation, soil moisture, and distance from coast and glacier. Machine learning algorithms were used to estimate geochemical gradients for the region given the relationship with geography. Geography and surface exposure age drive salt and nutrient abundances, influencing invertebrate habitat suitability and biogeography.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marion Schrumpf, Klaus Kaiser, Allegra Mayer, Günter Hempel, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 18, 1241–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large amount of organic carbon (OC) in soil is protected against decay by bonding to minerals. We studied the release of mineral-bonded OC by NaF–NaOH extraction and H2O2 oxidation. Unexpectedly, extraction and oxidation removed mineral-bonded OC at roughly constant portions and of similar age distributions, irrespective of mineral composition, land use, and soil depth. The results suggest uniform modes of interactions between OC and minerals across soils in quasi-steady state with inputs.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lena Rohe, Bernd Apelt, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Reinhard Well, Gi-Mick Wu, and Steffen Schlüter
Biogeosciences, 18, 1185–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Total denitrification, i.e. N2O and (N2O + N2) fluxes, of repacked soil cores were analysed for different combinations of soils and water contents. Prediction accuracy of (N2O + N2) fluxes was highest with combined proxies for oxygen demand (CO2 flux) and oxygen supply (anaerobic soil volume fraction). Knowledge of denitrification completeness (product ratio) improved N2O predictions. Substitutions with cheaper proxies (soil organic matter, empirical diffusivity) reduced prediction accuracy.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Severin-Luca Bellè, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Frank Hagedorn, Cristina Santin, Marcus Schiedung, Ilja van Meerveld, and Samuel Abiven
Biogeosciences, 18, 1105–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Controls of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) redistribution under rainfall are largely unknown. However, PyC mobility can be substantial after initial rain in post-fire landscapes. We conducted a controlled simulation experiment on plots where PyC was applied on the soil surface. We identified redistribution of PyC by runoff and splash and vertical movement in the soil depending on soil texture and PyC characteristics (material and size). PyC also induced changes in exports of native soil organic carbon.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cited articles
Allison, S. D., Wallenstein, M. D., and Bradford, M. A.: Soil-carbon
response to warming dependent on microbial physiology, Nat. Geosci., 3,
336–340, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO846, 2010.
Amelung, W., Brodowski, S., Sandhage-Hofmann, A., and Bol, R.: Combining
Biomarker with Stable Isotope Analyses for Assessing the Transformation and
Turnover of Soil Organic Matter, Adv. Ag., 100,
155–250, 2008.
Amundson, R. and Biardeau, L.: Soil carbon sequestration is an elusive
climate mitigation tool, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 11652–11656, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815901115,
2018.
Amundson, R. and Biardeau, L.: Opinion: Soil carbon sequestration is an
elusive climate mitigation tool, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116,
13143–13143, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908917116, 2019.
Andriulo, A., Mary, B., and Guerif, J.: Modelling soil carbon dynamics with
various cropping sequences on the rolling pampas, Agronomie, 19, 365–377, https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:19990504, 1999.
Averill, C., Turner, B. L., and Finzi, A. C.: Mycorrhiza-mediated
competition between plants and decomposers drives soil carbon storage,
Nature, 505, 543, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12901, 2014.
Balesdent, J.: Les isotopes du carbone et la dynamique des matières
organiques des sols, Cahiers Agr., 7, 201–206, 1998.
Balesdent, J., Chenu, C., and Balabane, M.: Relationship of soil organic
matter dynamics to physical protection and tillage, Soil Till.
Res., 53, 215–230, 2000.
Balesdent, J., Derrien, D., Fontaine, S., Kirman, S., Klumpp, K., Loiseau,
P., Marol, C., Nguyen, C., Péan, M., Personi, E., and Robin, C.:
Contribution de la rhizodéposition aux matières organiques du sol,
quelques implications pour la modélisation de la dynamique du carbone,
Etude et Gestion des Sols, 18, 201–216, 2011.
Balesdent, J., Basile-Doelsch, I., Chadoeuf, J., Cornu, S., Fekiacova, Z.,
Fontaine, S., Guenet, B., and Hatte, C.: Turnover of deep organic carbon in
cultivated soils: an estimate from a review of isotope data, Biotechnol.
Agron. Soc., 21, 181–190, 2017.
Balesdent, J., Basile-Doelsch, I., Chadoeuf, J., Cornu, S., Derrien, D.,
Fekiacova, Z., and Hatte, C.: Atmosphere-soil carbon transfer as a function
of soil depth, Nature, 559, 599–604, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0328-3, 2018.
Banegas, N., Albanesi, A. S., Pedraza, R. O., and Dos Santos, D. A.:
Non-linear dynamics of litter decomposition under different grazing
management regimes, Plant Soil, 393, 47–56, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2472-y,
2015.
Bardgett, R. D., Bowman, W. D., Kaufmann, R., and Schmidt, S. K.: A temporal
approach to linking aboveground and belowground ecology, Trend. Ecol.
Evol., 20, 634–641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.005, 2005.
Barrios, E.: Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity,
Ecol. Econom., 64, 269–285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.03.004, 2007.
Basile-Doelsch, I., Balesdent, J., and Rose, J.: Are Interactions between
Organic Compounds and Nanoscale Weathering Minerals the Key Drivers of
Carbon Storage in Soils?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 3997–3998, 2015.
Baveye, P. C., Berthelin, J., Tessier, D., and Lemaire, G.: The “4 per 1000”
initiative: A credibility issue for the soil science community?, Geoderma,
309, 118–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.005, 2018a.
Baveye, P. C., Berthelin, J., Tessier, D., and Lemaire, G.: The “4 per
1000” initiative: A credibility issue for the soil science community?,
Geoderma, 309, 118–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.005, 2018b.
Baveye, P. C. and White, R. E.: The “4p1000” initiative: A new name
should be adopted, Ambio, 49, 361–362, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01188-9, 2020.
Bertrand, I., Viaud, V., Daufresne, T., Pellerin, S., and Recous, S.:
Stoichiometry constraints challenge the potential of agroecological
practices for the soil C storage. A review, Agron. Sustain.
Dev., 39, 54 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-019-0599-6, 2019.
Besnard, E., Chenu, C., Balesdent, J., Puget, P., and Arrouays, D.: Fate of
particulate organic matter in soil aggregates during cultivation, Eur. J.
Soil Sci., 47, 495–503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01849.x, 1996.
Bisigato, A. J., Laphitz, R. M. L., and Carrera, A. L.: Non-linear
relationships between grazing pressure and conservation of soil resources in
Patagonian Monte shrublands, J. Arid Environ., 72, 1464–1475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.02.016, 2008.
Blair, J. M., Falconer, R. E., Milne, A. C., Young, I. M., and Crawford, J.
W.: ModelingThree-dimensional microstructure in heterogeneous media, Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J., 71, 1807–1812, https://doi.org/10.2136/ssaj2006.0113,
2007.
Blouin, M., Hodson, M. E., Delgado, E. A., Baker, G., Brussaard, L., Butt,
K. R., Dai, J., Dendooven, L., Peres, G., Tondoh, J. E., Cluzeau, D., and
Brun, J.-J.: A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem
services, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 64, 161–182, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12025, 2013.
Bohlen, P. J., Pelletier, D. M., Groffman, P. M., Fahey, T. J., and Fisk, M.
C.: Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil
carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests, Ecosystems, 7, 13–27, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0127-y, 2004.
Bol, R., Poirier, N., Balesdent, J., and Gleixner, G.: Molecular turnover
time of soil organic matter in particle-size fractions of an arable soil,
Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 23, 2551–2558, 2009.
Bolinder, M. A., Angers, D. A., and Dubuc, J. P.: Estimating shoot to root
ratios and annual carbon inputs in soils for cereal crops, Agr.
Ecosys. Environ., 63, 61–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01121-8, 1997.
Bonkowski, M.: Protozoa and plant growth: the microbial loop in soil
revisited, New Phytol., 162, 617–631, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01066.x,
2004.
Bonneville, S., Morgan, D. J., Schmalenberger, A., Bray, A., Brown, A.,
Banwart, S. A., and Benning, L. G.: Tree-mycorrhiza symbiosis accelerate
mineral weathering: Evidences from nanometer-scale elemental fluxes at the
hypha-mineral interface, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 6988–7005,
2011.
Bosatta, E. and Agren, G. I.: The Power and Reactive Continuum Models as
Particular Cases of the Q-Theory of Organic-Matter Dynamics, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 59, 3833–3835, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00287-A, 1995.
Brauman, A.: Effect of gut transit and mound deposit on soil organic matter
transformations in the soil feeding termite: A review, Europ. J.
Soil Biol., 36, 117–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1164-5563(00)01058-X, 2000.
Brown, G. G.: How Do Earthworms Affect Microfloral and Faunal Community
Diversity, Plant Soil, 170, 209–231, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02183068, 1995.
Buee, M., De Boer, W., Martin, F., van Overbeek, L., and Jurkevitch, E.: The
rhizosphere zoo: An overview of plant-associated communities of
microorganisms, including phages, bacteria, archaea, and fungi, and of some
of their structuring factors, Plant Soil, 321, 189–212, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9991-3, 2009.
Burns, R. G., DeForest, J. L., Marxsen, J., Sinsabaugh, R. L., Stromberger,
M. E., Wallenstein, M. D., Weintraub, M. N., and Zoppini, A.: Soil enzymes
in a changing environment: Current knowledge and future directions, Soil
Biol. Biochem., 58, 216–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.11.009, 2013.
Calvet, R., Chenu, H., and Houot, S.: Les matières organiques des sols :
rôles agronomiques et environnementaux, edited by: Agriproduction,
Editions France Agricole, 347 pp., 2011.
Chappell, A., Baldock, J., and Sanderman, J.: The global significance of omitting soil erosion from soil organic carbon cycling schemes, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 187–191, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2829, 2016.
Chen, F. L., Zheng, H., Zhang, K., Ouyang, Z. Y., Wu, Y. F., Shi, Q., and
Li, H. L.: Non-linear impacts of Eucalyptus plantation stand age on soil
microbial metabolic diversity, J. Soil. Sediment., 13, 887–894, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0669-3, 2013.
Cheng, W., Parton, W. J., Gonzalez-Meler, M. A., Phillips, R., Asao, S.,
McNickle, G. G., Brzostek, E., and Jastrow, J. D.: Synthesis and modeling
perspectives of rhizosphere priming, New Phytol., 201, 31–44, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12440, 2014.
Chenu, C. and Stotsky, G.: Interactions between microorganisms and soil
partilces : an overview, in: Interactions between soil partilces and
microorganisms edited by: Huang, P. M., Bollag, J. M., and Senesi, N., Wiley
& Sons, 2002.
Chevallier, T., Blanchart, E., Albrecht, A., and Feller, C.: The physical
protection of soil organic carbon in aggregates: a mechanism of carbon
storage in a Vertisol under pasture and market gardening (Martinique, West
Indies), Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 103, 375–387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.009, 2004.
Chevallier, T., Woignier, T., Toucet, J., and Blanchart, E.: Organic carbon
stabilization in the fractal pore structure of Andosols, Geoderma, 159,
182–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.010, 2010.
Clemmensen, K. E., Bahr, A., Ovaskainen, O., Dahlberg, A., Ekblad, A.,
Wallander, H., Stenlid, J., Finlay, R. D., Wardle, D. A., and Lindahl, B.
D.: Roots and Associated Fungi Drive Long-Term Carbon Sequestration in
Boreal Forest, Science, 339, 1615–1618, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231923, 2013.
Coleman, K., Jenkinson, D. S., Crocker, G. J., Grace, P. R., Klir, J., Korschens, M., Poulton, P. R., and Richter, D. D.: Simulating trends in soil organic carbon in long-term experiments using RothC-26.3, Geoderma, 81, 29–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(97)00079-7, 1997.
Collignon, C., Uroz, S., Turpault, M. P., and Frey-Klett, P.: Seasons
differently impact the structure of mineral weathering bacterial communities
in beech and spruce stands, Soil Biol. Biochem., 43, 2012–2022,
2011.
Coq, S., Barthes, B. G., Oliver, R., Rabary, B., and Blanchart, E.:
Earthworm activity affects soil aggregation and organic matter dynamics
according to the quality and localization of crop residues – An experimental
study (Madagascar), Soil Biol. Biochem., 39, 2119–2128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019, 2007.
Cotrufo, M. F., Wallenstein, M. D., Boot, C. M., Denef, K., and Paul, E.:
The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates
plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile
plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?, Glob. Change Biol., 19,
988–995, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12113, 2013.
Cotrufo, M. F., Soong, J. L., Horton, A. J., Campbell, E. E., Haddix, M. L.,
Wall, D. H., and Parton, A. J.: Formation of soil organic matter via
biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss, Nat. Geosci., 8,
776, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2520, 2015.
Curry, J. P. and Schmidt, O.: The feeding ecology of earthworms – A review,
Pedobiologia, 50, 463–477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2006.09.001, 2007.
Curtis, T. P. and Sloan, W. T.: Exploring microbial diversity - A vast
below, Science, 309, 1331–1333, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118176, 2005.
Daam, M. A., Leitao, S., Cerejeira, M. J., and Sousa, J. P.: Comparing the
sensitivity of soil invertebrates to pesticides with that of Eisenia fetida,
Chemosphere, 85, 1040–1047, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.032, 2011.
Davidson, E. A. and Janssens, I. A.: Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon
decomposition and feedbacks to climate change, Nature, 440, 165–173, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04514, 2006.
de Vries, W.: Soil carbon 4 per mille: a good initiative but let's manage
not only the soil but also the expectations, Geoderma, 309, 111–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.023, 2018.
Dequiedt, S., Saby, N. P. A., Lelievre, M., Jolivet, C., Thioulouse, J.,
Toutain, B., Arrouays, D., Bispo, A., Lemanceau, P., and Ranjard, L.:
Biogeographical patterns of soil molecular microbial biomass as influenced
by soil characteristics and management, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.y, 20,
641–652, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00628.x, 2011.
Derrien, D., Marol, C., Balabane, M., and Balesdent, J.: The turnover of
carbohydrate carbon in a cultivated soil estimated by 13C natural
abundances, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 57, 547–557,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00811.x, 2006.
Dignac, M.-F., Bahri, H., Rumpel, C., Rasse, D. P., Bardoux, G., Balesdent,
J., Girardin, C., Chenu, C., and Mariotti, A.: Carbon-13 natural abundance
as a tool to study the dynamics of lignin monomers in soil: an appraisal at
the Closeaux experimental field (France), Geoderma, 128, 3–17, 2005.
Dignac, M. F., Derrien, D., Barre, P., Barot, S., Cecillon, L., Chenu, C.,
Chevallier, T., Freschet, G. T., Garnier, P., Guenet, B., Hedde, M., Klumpp,
K., Lashermes, G., Maron, P. A., Nunan, N., Roumet, C., and Basile-Doelsch,
I.: Increasing soil carbon storage: mechanisms, effects of agricultural
practices and proxies. A review, Agr. Sustain. Dev., 37, 27 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0421-2, 2017.
Doetterl, S., Berhe, A. A., Nadeu, E., Wang, Z. G., Sommer, M., and Fiener,
P.: Erosion, deposition and soil carbon: A review of process-level controls,
experimental tools and models to address C cycling in dynamic landscapes,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 154, 102–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.12.005, 2016.
Don, A., Steinberg, B., Schoening, I., Pritsch, K., Joschko, M., Gleixner,
G., and Schulze, E. D.: Organic carbon sequestration in earthworm burrows,
Soil Biol. Biochem., 40, 1803–1812, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.003, 2008.
Don, A., Roedenbeck, C., and Gleixner, G.: Unexpected control of soil carbon
turnover by soil carbon concentration, Environ. Chem. Lett., 11,
407–413, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0433-3, 2013.
Dungait, J. A. J., Hopkins, D. W., Gregory, A. S., and Whitmore, A. P.: Soil
organic matter turnover is governed by accessibility not recalcitrance,
Glob. Change Biol., 18, 1781–1796, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02665.x,
2012.
Elzein, A. and Balesdent, J.: Mechanistic Simulation of
Vertical-Distribution of Carbon Concentrations and Residence Times in Soils,
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 1328–1335, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050019x, 1995.
Eriksson, E.: Compartment Models and Reservoir Theory, Annu. Rev.
Ecol. Syst., 2, 67–84, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.000435,
1971.
Eusterhues, K., Wagner, F. E., Hausler, W., Hanzlik, M., Knicker, H.,
Totsche, K. U., Kogel-Knabner, I., and Schwertmann, U.: Characterization of
Ferrihydrite-Soil Organic Matter Coprecipitates by X-ray Diffraction and
Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 7891–7897, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800881w, 2008.
Falconer, R. E., Battaia, G., Schmidt, S., Baveye, P., Chenu, C., and Otten,
W.: Microscale Heterogeneity Explains Experimental Variability and
Non-Linearity in Soil Organic Matter Mineralisation, Plos One, 10, 12 pp., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123774, 2015.
Fan, J. L., McConkey, B., Janzen, H., Townley-Smith, L., and Wang, H.:
Harvest index-yield relationship for estimating crop residue in cold
continental climates, Field Crop. Res., 204, 153–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.014, 2017.
Fontaine, S., Barot, S., Barre, P., Bdioui, N., Mary, B., and Rumpel, C.:
Stability of organic carbon in deep soil layers controlled by fresh carbon
supply, Nature, 450, 277–280, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06275, 2007.
Fontaine, S., Henault, C., Aamor, A., Bdioui, N., Bloor, J. M. G., Maire,
V., Mary, B., Revaillot, S., and Maron, P. A.: Fungi mediate long term
sequestration of carbon and nitrogen in soil through their priming effect,
Soil Biol. Biochem., 43, 86–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.017,
2011.
Frazão, J., de Goede, R. G. M., Capowiez, Y., and Pulleman, M. M.: Soil
structure formation and organic matter distribution as affected by earthworm
species interactions and crop residue placement, Geoderma, 338, 453–463,
2019.
Gans, J., Wolinsky, M., and Dunbar, J.: Computational improvements reveal
great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil, Science, 309,
1387–1390, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112665, 2005.
Geyer, K. M., Kyker-Snowman, E., Grandy, A. S., and Frey, S. D.: Microbial
carbon use efficiency: accounting for population, community, and
ecosystem-scale controls over the fate of metabolized organic matter,
Biogeochemistry, 127, 173–188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0191-y, 2016.
Gleixner, G., Czimczik, C. J., Kramer, C., Luehker, B., and Schmidt, M. W.
I.: Plant compounds and their turnover and stabilization as soil organic
matter, in: Global biogeochemical cycles in the climate system, edited by:
Schulze, E. D., Heimann, M., Harrison, S., Holland, E. A., Llyod, J.,
Prentice, I. C., and Schimel, D. S., Academic Press, San Diego, 201–215,
2001.
Gmach, M. R., Cherubin, M. R., Kaiser, K., and Cerri, C. E. P.: Processes
that influence dissolved organic matter in the soil: a review, Sci.
Agr., 77, 10 pp., https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2018-0164, 2020.
Golchin, A., Oades, J. M., Skjemstad, J. O., and Clarke, P.: Study of free
and occluded particulate organic matter in soils by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS
NMR-spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, Austr. J.
Soil Res., 32, 285–309, 1994.
Guiboileau, A., Sormani, R., Meyer, C., and Masclaux-Daubresse, C.:
Senescence and death of plant organs: Nutrient recycling and developmental
regulation, C. R. Biol., 333, 382–391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.01.016, 2010.
Guo, L. B. and Gifford, R. M.: Soil carbon stocks and land use change : a
meta analysis, Glob. Change Biol., 8, 345–360, 2002.
Hassink, J.: The capacity of soils to preserve organic C and N by their
association with clay and silt particles, Plant Soil, 191, 77–87, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004213929699, 1997.
Hättenschwiler, S., Barantal, S., Ganault, P., Gillespie, L., and Coq,
S.: Quels enjeux sont associés à la biodiversité des sols?,
Innov. Agr., 69, 1–14, 2018.
Heckman, K., Lawrence, C. R., and Harden, J. W.: A sequential selective
dissolution method to quantify storage and stability of organic carbon
associated with Al and Fe hydroxide phases, Geoderma, 312, 24–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.09.043, 2018.
Hénin, S. and Dupuis, M.: Essai de bilan de la matiére organique du sol,
Ann. Agron., 11, 17–29, 1945.
Hiederer, R. and Köchy, M.: Global Soil Organic Carbon Estimates and
the Harmonized World Soil Database, EUR 25225 EN, Publications Office of the
European Union, 79 pp., 2011.
Horrigue, W., Dequiedt, S., Prevost-Boure, N. C., Jolivet, C., Saby, N. P.
A., Arrouays, D., Bispo, A., Maron, P. A., and Ranjard, L.: Predictive model
of soil molecular microbial biomass, Ecol. Indic., 64, 203–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.004, 2016.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, , Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA,, 1535 pp., 2013.
Jagercikova, M., Evrard, O., Balesdent, J., Lefèvre, I., and Cornu, S.:
Modeling the migration of fallout radionuclides to quantify the contemporary
transfer of fine particles in Luvisol profiles under different land uses and
farming practices, Soil Till. Res., 140, 82–97, 2014.
Jagercikova, M., Cornu, S., Le Bas, C., and Evrard, O.: Vertical
distributions of Cs-137 in soils: a meta-analysis, J. Soil.
Sed., 15, 81–95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0982-5, 2015.
Jenkinson, D. S. and Rayner, J. H.: The turnover of soil organic matter in
some of the Rothamsted classical experiments, Soil Sci., 123, 298–305,
1977.
Jobbagy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B.: The Vertical Distribution of Soil
Organic Carbon and Its Relation to Climate and Vegetation, Ecol.
Appl., 10, 423–436, https://doi.org/10.2307/2641104, 2000.
Jones, D. L., Nguyen, C., and Finlay, R. D.: Carbon flow in the rhizosphere:
carbon trading at the soil-root interface, Plant Soil, 321, 5–33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9925-0, 2009.
Juarez, S., Nunan, N., Duday, A.-C., Pouteau, V., Schmidt, S., Hapca, S.,
Falconer, R., Otten, W., and Chenu, C.: Effects of different soil structures
on the decomposition of native and added organic carbon, Europ. J.
Soil Biol., 58, 81–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.06.005, 2013.
Kallenbach, C. M., Frey, S. D., and Grandy, A. S.: Direct evidence for
microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological
controls, Nat. Commun., 7, 10 pp., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13630, 2016.
Katterer, T., Bolinder, M. A., Andren, O., Kirchmann, H., and Menichetti,
L.: Roots contribute more to refractory soil organic matter than
above-ground crop residues, as revealed by a long-term field experiment,
Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 141, 184–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.029, 2011.
Keiluweit, M., Bougoure, J. J., Nico, P. S., Pett-Ridge, J., Weber, P. K.,
and Kleber, M.: Mineral protection of soil carbon counteracted by root
exudates, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 588–595, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2580,
2015.
Keiluweit, M., Wanzek, T., Kleber, M., Nico, P., and Fendorf, S.: Anaerobic
microsites have an unaccounted role in soil carbon stabilization, Nat.
Commun., 8, 588–595, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01406-6, 2017.
Kelleher, B. P. and Simpson, A. J.: Humic substances in soils: Are they
really chemically distinct?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 4605–4611, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0608085, 2006.
Kéraval, B., Lehours, A. C., Colombet, J., Amblard, C., Alvarez, G., and
Fontaine, S.: Soil carbon dioxide emissions controlled by an extracellular
oxidative metabolism identifiable by its isotope signature, Biogeosciences,
13, 6353–6362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6353-2016, 2016.
Killham, K., Amato, M., and Ladd, J. N.: Effect of Substrate Location in
Soil and Soil Pore-Water Regime on Carbon Turnover, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 25, 57–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90241-3, 1993.
Kleber, M., Sollins, P., and Sutton, R.: A conceptual model of
organo-mineral interactions in soils: self-assembly of organic molecular
fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces, Biogeochemistry, 85,
9–24, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9103-5, 2007.
Kleber, M., Eusterhues, K., Keiluweit, M., Mikutta, C., Mikutta, R., and
Nico, P. S.: Chapter One – Mineral–Organic Associations: Formation,
Properties, and Relevance in Soil Environments, in: Advances in Agronomy,
edited by: Donald, L. S., Academic Press, 1–140, 2015.
Klupfel, L., Piepenbrock, A., Kappler, A., and Sander, M.: Humic substances
as fully regenerable electron acceptors in recurrently anoxic environments,
Nat. Geosci., 7, 195–200, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2084, 2014.
Kogel-Knabner, I.: The macromolecular organic composition of plant and
microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter: Fourteen years on, Soil
Biol. Biochem., 105, A3–A8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.011, 2017.
Kögel-Knabner, I., Guggenberger, G., Kleber, M., Kandeler, E., Kalbitz,
K., Scheu, S., Eusterhues, K., and Leinweber, P.: Organo-mineral
associations in temperate soils: Integrating biology, mineralogy, and
organic matter chemistry, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 171,
61–82, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200700048, 2008.
Kuzyakov, Y., Friedel, J. K., and Stahr, K.: Review of mechanisms and
quantification of priming effects, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32,
1485–1498, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00084-5, 2000.
Lal, R.: Soil degradation by erosion, Land Degrad. Dev., 12,
519–539, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.472, 2001.
Larney, F. J. and Angers, D. A.: The role of organic amendments in soil
reclamation: A review, Can. J. Soil Sci., 92, 19–38, https://doi.org/10.4141/CJSS2010-064, 2012.
Lashermes, G., Gainvors-Claisse, A., Recous, S., and Bertrand, I.: Enzymatic
Strategies and Carbon Use Efficiency of a Litter-Decomposing Fungus Grown on
Maize Leaves, Stems, and Roots, Front. Microbiol., 7, 14 pp., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01315, 2016.
Lavallee, J. M., Conant, R. T., Paul, E. A., and Cotrufo, M. F.:
Incorporation of shoot versus root-derived C-13 and N-15 into
mineral-associated organic matter fractions: results of a soil slurry
incubation with dual-labelled plant material, Biogeochemistry, 137, 379–393, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0428-z, 2018.
Lavelle, P., Spain, A., Blouin, M., Brown, G., Decaëns, T., Grimaldi,
M., Jiménez, J. J., McKey, D., Mathieu, J., Velasquez, E., and
Zangerlé, A.: Ecosystem Engineers in a Self-organized Soil: A Review of
Concepts and Future Research Questions, Soil Sci., 181, 91–109, https://doi.org/10.1097/ss.0000000000000155, 2016.
Lehmann, J., Rillig, M. C., Thies, J., Masiello, C. A., Hockaday, W. C., and
Crowley, D.: Biochar effects on soil biota – A review, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 43, 1812–1836, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022, 2011.
Lehmann, J. and Kleber, M.: The contentious nature of soil organic matter,
Nature, 528, 60–68, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16069, 2015.
Lennon, J. T. and Jones, S. E.: Microbial seed banks: the ecological and
evolutionary implications of dormancy, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 9, 119–130, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2504, 2011.
Levard, C., Doelsch, E., Basile-Doelsch, I., Abidin, Z., Miche, H., Masion,
A., Rose, J., Borschneck, D., and Bottero, J. Y.: Structure and distribution
of allophanes, imogolite and proto-imogolite in volcanic soils, Geoderma,
183/184, 100–108, 2012.
Liyanage, A., Grace, P. R., Scheer, C., de Rosa, D., Ranwala, S., and
Rowlings, D. W.: Carbon limits non-linear response of nitrous oxide (N2O) to
increasing N inputs in a highly-weathered tropical soil in Sri Lanka,
Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 292, 10 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106808,
2020.
Loisel, J., Connors, J. P. C., Hugelius, G., Harden, J. W., and Morgan, C.
L.: Soils can helpmitigate CO2 emissions, despite the challenges,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 10211–10212, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900444116, 2019.
Manzoni, S., Taylor, P., Richter, A., Porporato, A., and Agren, G. I.:
Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon-use efficiency
in soils, New Phytol., 196, 79–91, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04225.x,
2012.
Martin, A., Mariotti, A., Balesdent, J., Lavelle, P., and Vuattoux, R.:
Estimate of Organic-Matter Turnover Rate in a Savanna Soil by C-13 Natural
Abundance Measurements, Soil Biol. Biochem., 22, 517–523, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90188-6, 1990.
Mathieu, J., Hatté, C., Balesdent, J., and Parent, E.: Deep soil carbon
dynamics are driven more by soil type than by climate: a worldwide
meta-analysis of radiocarbon profiles, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 4278–4290, 2015.
McNicol, G. and Silver, W. L.: Non-linear response of carbon dioxide and
methane emissions to oxygen availability in a drained histosol,
Biogeochemistry, 123, 299–306, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0075-6, 2015.
Mikutta, R., Kleber, M., Torn, M., and Jahn, R.: Stabilization of Soil
Organic Matter: Association with Minerals or Chemical Recalcitrance?,
Biogeochemistry, 77, 25–56, 2006.
Miltner, A., Bombach, P., Schmidt-Brucken, B., and Kastner, M.: SOM genesis:
microbial biomass as a significant source, Biogeochemistry, 111, 41–55,
2012.
Minasny, B., Malone, B. P., McBratney, A. B., Angers, D. A., Arrouays, D.,
Chambers, A., Chaplot, V., Chen, Z. S., Cheng, K., Das, B. S., Field, D. J.,
Gimona, A., Hedley, C. B., Hong, S. Y., Mandal, B., Marchant, B. P., Martin,
M., McConkey, B. G., Mulder, V. L., O'Rourke, S., Richer-de-Forges, A. C.,
Odeh, I., Padarian, J., Paustian, K., Pan, G. X., Poggio, L., Savin, I.,
Stolbovoy, V., Stockmann, U., Sulaeman, Y., Tsui, C. C., Vagen, T. G., van
Wesemael, B., and Winowiecki, L.: Soil carbon 4 per mille, Geoderma, 292,
59–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.002, 2017.
Minasny, B., Arrouays, D., McBratney, A. B., Angers, D. A., Chambers, A.,
Chaplot, V., Chen, Z. S., Cheng, K., Das, B. S., Field, D. J., Gimona, A.,
Hedley, C., Hong, S. Y., Mandal, B., Malone, B. P., Marchant, B. P., Martin,
M., McConkey, B. G., Mulder, V. L., O'Rourke, S., Richer-de-Forges, A. C.,
Odeh, I., Padarian, J., Paustian, K., Pan, G. X., Poggio, L., Savin, I.,
Stolbovoy, V., Stockmann, U., Sulaeman, Y., Tsui, C. C., Vagen, T. G., van
Wesemael, B., and Winowiecki, L.: Rejoinder to Comments on Minasny et al.,
2017 Soil carbon 4 per mille Geoderma 292, 59–86, Geoderma, 309, 124–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.026, 2018.
Monga, O., Bousso, M., Garnier, P., and Pot, V.: 3D geometric structures and
biological activity: Application to microbial soil organic matter
decomposition in pore space, Ecol. Model., 216, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.015, 2008.
Monga, O., Garnier, P., Pot, V., Coucheney, E., Nunan, N., Otten, W., and
Chenu, C.: Simulating microbial degradation of organic matter in a simple
porous system using the 3-D diffusion-based model MOSAIC, Biogeosciences,
11, 2201–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2201-2014, 2014.
Montagnani, L., Badraghi, A., Speak, A. F., Wellstein, C., Borruso, L.,
Zerbe, S., and Zanotelli, D.: Evidence for a non-linear carbon accumulation
pattern along an Alpine glacier retreat chronosequence in Northern Italy,
Peerj, 7, 27 pp., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7703, 2019.
Montgomery, D. R.: Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104,
13268–13272, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611508104, 2007.
Mooshammer, M., Wanek, W., Hammerle, I., Fuchslueger, L., Hofhansl, F.,
Knoltsch, A., Schnecker, J., Takriti, M., Watzka, M., Wild, B., Keiblinger,
K. M., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., and Richter, A.: Adjustment of microbial
nitrogen use efficiency to carbon: nitrogen imbalances regulates soil
nitrogen cycling, Nat. Commun., 5, 7 pp., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4694, 2014.
Mulder, V. L., Lacoste, M., Martin, M. P., Richer-de-Forges, A., and
Arrouays, D.: Understanding large-extent controls of soil organic carbon
storage in relation to soil depth and soil-landscape systems, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1210–1229, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005178, 2015.
Mulder, V. L., Lacoste, M., Richer-de-Forges, A. C., Martin, M. P., and
Arrouays, D.: National versus global modelling the 3D distribution of soil
organic carbon in mainland France, Geoderma, 263, 16–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.035, 2016.
Nguyen, C.: Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants: mechanisms and controls,
Agronomie, 23, 375–396, https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2003011, 2003.
Northup, R. R., Yu, Z. S., Dahlgren, R. A., and Vogt, K. A.: Polyphenol
Control of Nitrogen Release from Pine Litter, Nature, 377, 227–229, https://doi.org/10.1038/377227a0, 1995.
Nunan, N., Schmidt, H., and Raynaud, X.: The ecology of heterogeneity: soil
bacterial communities and C dynamics, Philos. T.
R. Soc. B, 375, 11 pp., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0249, 2020.
Oades, J. M.: The Retention of Organic-Matter in Soils, Biogeochemistry, 5,
35–70, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02180317, 1988.
Pajor, R., Falconer, R., Hapca, S., and Otten, W.: Modelling and quantifying
the effect of heterogeneity in soil physical conditions on fungal growth,
Biogeosciences, 7, 3731–3740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3731-2010, 2010.
Parton, W. J., Schimel, D. S., Cole, C. V., and Ojima, D. S.: Analysis of
factors controlling SOM levels in Great Plains grasslands Soil, Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J., 51, 1173–1779, 1987.
Parton, W. J. and Rasmussen, P. E.: Long-term effects of crop management in wheat-fallow, 2. Century model simulations, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 530–536, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020040x, 1994.
Pellerin, S.,
Bamière, L., Launay, C., Martin, R., Schiavo, M., Angers, D., Augusto,
L., Balesdent, J., Basile Doelsch, I., Bellassen, V., Cardinael, R.,
Cécillon, L., Ceschia, E., Chenu C., Constantin J., Daroussin, J.,
Delacote, P., Delame, N., Gastal, F., Gilbert D., Graux, A.-I., Guenet, B.,
Houot, S., Klumpp, K., Letort, E., Litrico I., Martin, M., Menasseri, S.,
Meziere, D., Morvan, T., Mosnier, C., Roger-Estrade, J., Saint-André,
L., Sierra J., Therond, O., Viaud, V., Grateau R., Le Perchec S., Savini I.,
Rechauchère, O.: Stocker du carbone dans les sols français ; quel potentiel au regard de l'objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût?, Research report summary, INRAE (France), 114 pp., 2019.
Pinheiro, M., Garnier, P., Beguet, J., Laurent, F. M., and Gonod, L. V.: The
millimetre-scale distribution of 2,4-D and its degraders drives the fate of
2,4-D at the soil core scale, Soil Biol. Biochem., 88, 90–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.05.008, 2015.
Plante, A. F., Conant, R. T., Paul, E. A., Paustian, K., and Six, J.: Acid
hydrolysis of easily dispersed and microaggregate-derived silt- and
clay-sized fractions to isolate resistant soil organic matter, Eur. J. Soil
Sci., 57, 456–467, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00792.x, 2006.
Poeplau, C. and Katterer, T.: Is soil texture a major controlling factor of
root:shoot ratio in cereals?, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 68, 964–970, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12466, 2017.
Qadir, M. and Schubert, S.: Degradation processes and nutrient constraints
in sodic soils, Land Degrad. Dev., 13, 275–294, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.504, 2002.
Rasmussen, C., Heckman, K., Wieder, W. R., Keiluweit, M., Lawrence, C. R.,
Berhe, A. A., Blankinship, J. C., Crow, S. E., Druhan, J. L., Pries, C. E.
H., Marin-Spiotta, E., Plante, A. F., Schadel, C., Schimel, J. P., Sierra,
C. A., Thompson, A., and Wagai, R.: Beyond clay: towards an improved set of
variables for predicting soil organic matter content, Biogeochemistry, 137,
297–306, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0424-3, 2018.
Rasse, D., Rumpel, C., and Dignac, M.-F.: Is soil carbon mostly root carbon?
Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation, Plant Soil, 269, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0907-y, 2005.
Remusat, L., Hatton, P. J., Nico, P. S., Zeller, B., Kleber, M., and
Derrien, D.: NanoSIMS Study of Organic Matter Associated with Soil
Aggregates: Advantages, Limitations, and Combination with STXM, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 46, 3943–3949, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203745k, 2012.
Resat, H., Bailey, V., McCue, L. A., and Konopka, A.: Modeling Microbial
Dynamics in Heterogeneous Environments: Growth on Soil Carbon Sources,
Microb. Ecol., 63, 883–897, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9965-x, 2012.
Rochette, P. and Angers, D. A.: Soil surface carbon dioxide fluxes induced
by spring, summer, and fall moldboard plowing in a sandy loam, Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J., 63, 621–628, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030027x, 1999.
Rovira, A. D. and Greacen, E. L.: The effect of aggregate disruption on the
activity of microorganisms in the soil, Austr. J. Agr. Res., 8, 659–673, 1957.
Rowley, M. C., Grand, S., and Verrecchia, É. P.: Calcium-mediated
stabilisation of soil organic carbon, Biogeochemistry, 137, 27–49, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0410-1, 2018.
Ruamps, L. S., Nunan, N., Pouteau, V., Leloup, J., Raynaud, X., Roy, V., and
Chenu, C.: Regulation of soil organic C mineralisation at the pore scale,
Fems Microbiol. Ecol., 86, 26–35, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12078, 2013.
Rumpel, C.: Soils linked to climate change, Nature, 572, 442–443, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02450-6, 2019.
Sallih, Z. and Bottner, P.: Effect of Wheat (Triticum-Aestivum) Roots on
Mineralization Rates of Soil Organic-Matter, Biol. Fertil. Soil.,
7, 67–70, 1988.
Schimel, J.: SOIL CARBON Microbes and global carbon, Nat. Clim. Change,
3, 867–868, 2013.
Schmidt, M. W. I., Torn, M. S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G.,
Janssens, I. A., Kleber, M., Kogel-Knabner, I., Lehmann, J., Manning, D. A.
C., Nannipieri, P., Rasse, D. P., Weiner, S., and Trumbore, S. E.:
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property, Nature, 478,
49–56, 2011.
Senesi, N. and Plaza, C.: Role of humification processes in recycling
organic wastes of various nature and sources as soil amendments, Clean-Soil
Air Water, 35, 26–41, https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200600018, 2007.
Shan, J., Brune, A., and Ji, R.: Selective digestion of the proteinaceous
component of humic substances by the geophagous earthworms Metaphire
guillelmi and Amynthas corrugatus, Soil Biol. Biochem., 42,
1455–1462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.05.008, 2010.
Shen, C. C., Xiong, J. B., Zhang, H. Y., Feng, Y. Z., Lin, X. G., Li, X. Y.,
Liang, W. J., and Chu, H. Y.: Soil pH drives the spatial distribution of
bacterial communities along elevation on Changbai Mountain, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 57, 204–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.013, 2013.
Sierra, C. A., Trumbore, S. E., Davidson, E. A., Vicca, S., and Janssens,
I.: Sensitivity of decomposition rates of soil organic matter with respect
to simultaneous changes in temperature and moisture, J. Adv.
Model. Earth Syst., 7, 335–356, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000358, 2015.
Sierra, C. A., Müller, M., Metzler, H., Manzoni, S., and Trumbore, S.
E.: The muddle of ages, turnover, transit, and residence times in the carbon
cycle, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 1763–1773, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13556, 2017.
Sinsabaugh, R. L., Manzoni, S., Moorhead, D. L., and Richter, A.: Carbon use
efficiency of microbial communities: stoichiometry, methodology and
modelling, Ecol. Lett., 16, 930–939, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12113, 2013.
Sinsabaugh, R. L., Belnap, J., Findlay, S. G., Shah, J. J. F., Hill, B. H.,
Kuehn, K. A., Kuske, C. R., Litvak, M. E., Martinez, N. G., Moorhead, D. L.,
and Warnock, D. D.: Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource
availability, Biogeochemistry, 121, 287–304, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y,
2014.
Sistla, S. A., Moore, J. C., Simpson, R. T., Gough, L., Shaver, G. R., and
Schimel, J. P.: Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without
changing net soil carbon storage, Nature, 497, 615, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12129,
2013.
Six, J., Elliott, E. T., Paustian, K., and Doran, J. W.: Aggregation and
Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Cultivated and Native Grassland Soils,
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62, 1367–1377 1998.
Six, J., Conant, E., Paul, E. A., and Paustian, K.: Stabilization mechanisms
of soil organic matter : implications for C-saturation of soils, Plant
Soil, 241, 155–176, 2002.
Stahl, C., Fontaine, S., Klumpp, K., Picon-Cochard, C., Grise, M. M.,
Dezecache, C., Ponchant, L., Freycon, V., Blanc, L., Bonal, D., Burban, B.,
Soussana, J. F., and Blanfort, V.: Continuous soil carbon storage of old
permanent pastures in Amazonia, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 3382–3392, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13573, 2017.
Stamati, F. E., Nikolaidis, N. P., Banwart, S., and Blum, W. E. H.: A
coupled carbon, aggregation, and structure turnover (CAST) model for
topsoils, Geoderma, 211, 51–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.014, 2013.
Sutton, R. and Sposito, G.: Molecular Structure in Soil Humic Substances:
The New View, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9009–9015, 2005.
Tamrat, W. Z., Rose, J., Grauby, O., Doelsch, E., Levard, C., Chaurand, P.,
and Basile-Doelsch, I.: Composition and molecular scale structure of
nanophases formed by precipitation of biotite weathering products,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 229, 53–64, 10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.012, 2018.
Tamrat, W. Z., Rose, J., Grauby, O., Doelsch, E., Levard, C., Chaurand, P.,
and Basile-Doelsch, I.: Soil organo-mineral associations formed by
co-precipitation of Fe, Si and Al in presence of organic ligands, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 260, 15–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.05.043, 2019.
Terrat, S., Horrigue, W., Dequietd, S., Saby, N. P. A., Lelievre, M., Nowak,
V., Tripied, J., Regnier, T., Jolivet, C., Arrouays, D., Wincker, P.,
Cruaud, C., Karimi, B., Bispo, A., Maron, P. A., Prevost-Boure, N. C., and
Ranjard, L.: Mapping and predictive variations of soil bacterial richness
across France, Plos One, 12, 19 pp., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186766, 2017.
Torn, M. S., Trumbore, S. E., Chadwick, O. A., Vistousek, P. M., and
Hendricks, D. M.: Mineral control of soil organic carbon and turnover,
Nature, London, 389, 170–173, 1997.
Torsvik, V. and Ovreas, L.: Microbial diversity and function in soil: from
genes to ecosystems, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 5, 240–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00324-7, 2002.
Trap, J., Bonkowski, M., Plassard, C., Villenave, C., and Blanchart, E.:
Ecological importance of soil bacterivores for ecosystem functions, Plant
Soil, 398, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2671-6, 2016.
van Groenigen, J. W., van Kessel, C., Hungate, B. A., Oenema, O., Powlson,
D. S., and van Groenigen, K. J.: Sequestering Soil Organic Carbon: A
Nitrogen Dilemma, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 4738–4739, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01427, 2017.
VandenBygaart, A. J.: Comments on soil carbon 4 per mille by Minasny et al.
2017, Geoderma, 309, 113–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.024, 2018.
Vidal, A., Quenea, K., Alexis, M., and Derenne, S.: Molecular fate of root
and shoot litter on incorporation and decomposition in earthworm casts,
Organ. Geochem., 101, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.08.003, 2016.
Vogel, C., Mueller, C., Höschen, C., Buegger, F., Heister, K., Schulz,
S., Schloter, M., and Kögel-Knabner, I.: Submicron structures provide
preferential spots for carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils, Nat.
Commun., 5, 7 pp., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3947, 2014.
Vogel, L. E., Makowski, D., Garnier, P., Vieublé-Gonod, L., Coquet, Y.,
Raynaud, X., Nunan, N., Chenu, C., Falconer, R., and Pot, V.: Modeling the
effect of soil meso- and macropores topology on the biodegradation of a
soluble carbon substrate, Adv. Water Resour., 83, 123–136,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.05.020, 2015.
von Luetzow, M., Kogel-Knabner, I., Ludwig, B., Matzner, E., Flessa, H.,
Ekschmitt, K., Guggenberger, G., Marschner, B., and Kalbitz, K.:
Stabilization mechanisms of organic matter in four temperate soils:
Development and application of a conceptual model, J. Plant
Nutr. Soil Sci.-Z.,
171, 111–124, 2008.
Wen, Y., Su, L. M., Qin, W. C., Fu, L., He, J., and Zhao, Y. H.: Linear and
non-linear relationships between soil sorption and hydrophobicity: Model,
validation and influencing factors, Chemosphere, 86, 634–640, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.001, 2012.
West, T. O. and Six, J.: Considering the influence of sequestration
duration and carbon saturation on estimates of soil carbon capacity,
Climatic Change, 80, 25–41, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9173-8, 2007.
White, R. E., Davidson, B., Lam, S. K., and Chen, D. L.: A critique of the
paper “Soil carbon 4 per mille” by Minasny et al. (2017), Geoderma, 309,
115–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.025, 2018.
Wiesmeier, M., Urbanski, L., Hobley, E., Lang, B., von Lützow, M.,
Marin-Spiotta, E., van Wesemael, B., Rabot, E., Ließ, M., Garcia-Franco,
N., Wollschläger, U., Vogel, H.-J., and Kögel-Knabner, I.: Soil
organic carbon storage as a key function of soils – A review of drivers and
indicators at various scales, Geoderma, 333, 149–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.026, 2019.
Zangerle, A., Pando, A., and Lavelle, P.: Do earthworms and roots cooperate
to build soil macroaggregates? A microcosm experiment, Geoderma, 167/168,
303–309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.004, 2011.
Zimmerman, A. R., Chorover, J., Goyne, K. W., and Brantley, S. L.:
Protection of Mesopore-Adsorbed Organic Matter from Enzymatic Degradation,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4542–4548, https://doi.org/10.1021/es035340, 2004.
Short summary
The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to restore carbon storage in soils to both mitigate climate change and contribute to food security. The French National Institute for Agricultural Research conducted a study to determine the carbon storage potential in French soils and associated costs. This paper is a part of that study. It reviews recent advances concerning the mechanisms that controls C stabilization in soils. Synthetic figures integrating new concepts should be of pedagogical interest.
The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to restore carbon storage in soils to both mitigate climate...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint