Articles | Volume 19, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 05 Apr 2022
| 05 Apr 2022
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental
Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen–Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of
Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Andreas Huth
Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental
Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research – iDiv
Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Institute for Environmental Systems Research, University Osnabruck,
49076 Osnabruck, Germany
Rico Fischer
Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental
Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Related authors
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-264, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-264, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of our study is to to analyze the consequences of elevated tree mortality on tropical forest dynamics and to provide a methodology that can reduce uncertainties in estimating biomass loss due to tree mortality at local and country levels.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Bahar Bahrami, Anke Hildebrandt, Stephan Thober, Corinna Rebmann, Rico Fischer, Luis Samaniego, Oldrich Rakovec, and Rohini Kumar
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6957–6984, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP) are crucial components to carbon cycle, and are closely linked to water cycle in many ways. We develop a Parsimonious Canopy Model (PCM) to simulate GPP and LAI at stand scale, and show its applicability over a diverse range of deciduous broad-leaved forest biomes. With its modular structure, the PCM is able to adapt with existing data requirements, and run in either a stand-alone mode or as an interface linked to hydrologic models.
J. Pacheco-Labrador, U. Weber, X. Ma, M. D. Mahecha, N. Carvalhais, C. Wirth, A. Huth, F. J. Bohn, G. Kraemer, U. Heiden, FunDivEUROPE members, and M. Migliavacca
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-1-W1-2021, 49–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-1-W1-2021-49-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-1-W1-2021-49-2022, 2022
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-264, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-264, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of our study is to to analyze the consequences of elevated tree mortality on tropical forest dynamics and to provide a methodology that can reduce uncertainties in estimating biomass loss due to tree mortality at local and country levels.
Jessica Hetzer, Andreas Huth, Thorsten Wiegand, Hans Jürgen Dobner, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 17, 1673–1683, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1673-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Due to limited accessibility in tropical regions, only small parts of the forest landscape can be surveyed in forest plots. Since there is an ongoing debate about how representative estimations based on samples are at larger scales, this study analyzes how many plots are needed to quantify the biomass of the entire South American tropical forest. Through novel computational and statistical investigations we show that the spatial plot positioning is crucial for continent-wide biomass estimations.
Anja Rammig, Jens Heinke, Florian Hofhansl, Hans Verbeeck, Timothy R. Baker, Bradley Christoffersen, Philippe Ciais, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Katrin Fleischer, David Galbraith, Matthieu Guimberteau, Andreas Huth, Michelle Johnson, Bart Krujit, Fanny Langerwisch, Patrick Meir, Phillip Papastefanou, Gilvan Sampaio, Kirsten Thonicke, Celso von Randow, Christian Zang, and Edna Rödig
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 5203–5215, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-5203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-5203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a generic approach for a pixel-to-point comparison applicable for evaluation of models and remote-sensing products. We provide statistical measures accounting for the uncertainty in ecosystem variables. We demonstrate our approach by comparing simulated values of aboveground biomass, woody productivity and residence time of woody biomass from four dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with measured inventory data from permanent plots in the Amazon rainforest.
Friedrich J. Bohn, Felix May, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 15, 1795–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1795-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1795-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rising temperature affect the wood production of forests. However, in some cases, we observe positive and in others negative changes. In this study, we used a new simulation approach to generate ~ 400 000 forest stands, which cover various types of temperate forests (low to high divers; young to old; even aged to uneven aged). We treated each forest with different temperature scenarios and analysed, which forest characteristics triggered the different reaction of forest to temperature change.
F. Hartig, C. Dislich, T. Wiegand, and A. Huth
Biogeosciences, 11, 1261–1272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1261-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1261-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Leaf habit and nutrient availability drive leaf nutrient resorption globally
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Biomass Yield Potential, Feedstock Quality, and Nutrient Removal of Perennial Buffer Strips under Continuous Zero Fertilizer Application
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
The biogeographic pattern of microbial communities inhabiting terrestrial mud volcanoes across the Eurasian continent
Thirty-eight years of CO2 fertilization has outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect in its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and Do Kyoung Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass, as potential income for farmers. In this study, the forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 MteqCO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of the country's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Sami W. Rifai, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Lucas A. Cernusak, Patrick Meir, Belinda E. Medlyn, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 19, 491–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Australia's woody ecosystems have experienced widespread greening despite a warming climate and repeated record-breaking droughts and heat waves. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, yet quantifying the CO2 effect is complicated due to co-occurring effects of global change. Here we harmonized a 38-year satellite record to separate the effects of climate change, land use change, and disturbance to quantify the CO2 fertilization effect on the greening phenomenon.
Cited articles
Anderegg, W. R. L., Trugman, A. T., Badgley, G., Anderson, C. M., Bartuska,
A., Ciais, P., Cullenward, D., Field, C. B., Freeman, J., Goetz, S. J.,
Hicke, J. A., Huntzinger, D., Jackson, R. B., Nickerson, J., Pacala, S., and
Randerson, J. T.: Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential
of forests, Science, 80, eaaz7005, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7005, 2020.
Asner, G. P. and Alencar, A.: Drought impacts on the Amazon forest: The
remote sensing perspective, New Phytol., 187, 569–578,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03310.x, 2010.
Aubry-Kientz, M., Hérault, B., Ayotte-Trépanier, C., Baraloto, C.,
and Rossi, V.: Toward Trait-Based Mortality Models for Tropical Forests,
PLoS One, 8, e63678, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063678, 2013.
Barlow, J., Lagan, B. O., and Peres, C. A.: Morphological correlates of
fire-induced tree mortality in a central Amazonian forest, J. Trop. Ecol.,
19, 291–299, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467403003328, 2003.
Bi, J., Knyazikhin, Y., Choi, S., Park, T., Barichivich, J., Ciais, P., Fu,
R., Ganguly, S., Hall, F., Hilker, T., Huete, A., Jones, M., Kimball, J.,
Lyapustin, A. I., Mõttus, M., Nemani, R. R., Piao, S., Poulter, B.,
Saleska, S. R., Saatchi, S. S., Xu, L., Zhou, L., and Myneni, R. B.: Sunlight
mediated seasonality in canopy structure and photosynthetic activity of
Amazonian rainforests, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 064014,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/064014, 2015.
Bohn, F. J. and Huth, A.: The importance of forest structure to
biodiversity-productivity relationships, R. Soc. Open Sci., 4, 160521,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160521, 2017.
Botkin, D. B.: Forest dynamics: an ecological model, Oxford University
Press, New York, 309 pp., 1993.
Botkin, D. B., Janak, J. F., and Wallis, J. R.: Some Ecological Consequences
of a Computer Model of Forest Growth, J. Ecol., 60, 849–872,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2258570, 1972.
Bovolo, C. I., Wagner, T., Parkin, G., Hein-Griggs, D., Pereira, R., and
Jones, R.: The Guiana Shield rainforests-overlooked guardians of South
American climate, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 074029, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacf60, 2018.
Brando, P. M., Balch, J. K., Nepstad, D. C., Morton, D. C., Putz, F. E.,
Coe, M. T., Silvério, D., Macedo, M. N., Davidson, E. A., Nóbrega,
C. C., Alencar, A., and Soares-Filho, B. S.: Abrupt increases in Amazonian
tree mortality due to drought-fire interactions,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 6347–6352, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305499111, 2014.
Bugmann, H.: A Review of forest gap models, Climate Change, 51, 259–305,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012525626267, 2001.
Bugmann, H., Seidl, R., Hartig, F., Bohn, F., Brůna, J., Cailleret, M.,
François, L., Heinke, J., Henrot, A. J., Hickler, T., Hülsmann, L.,
Huth, A., Jacquemin, I., Kollas, C., Lasch-Born, P., Lexer, M. J.,
Merganič, J., Merganičová, K., Mette, T., Miranda, B. R.,
Nadal-Sala, D., Rammer, W., Rammig, A., Reineking, B., Roedig, E.,
Sabaté, S., Steinkamp, J., Suckow, F., Vacchiano, G., Wild, J., Xu, C.,
and Reyer, C. P. O.: Tree mortality submodels drive simulated long-term
forest dynamics: assessing 15 models from the stand to global scale,
Ecosphere, 10, e02616, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2616, 2019.
Carvalhais, N., Forkel, M., Khomik, M., Bellarby, J., Jung, M., Migliavacca,
M., Mu, M., Saatchi, S., Santoro, M., Thurner, M., Weber, U.,
Ahrens, B., Beer, C., Cescatti, A., Randerson, J. T. and Reichstein, M.:
Global covariation of carbon turnover times with climate in terrestrial
ecosystems, Nature, 514, 213–217, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13731, 2014.
Chambers, J. Q., Robertson, A. L., Carneiro, V. M. C., Lima, A. J. N.,
Smith, M. L., Plourde, L. C., and Higuchi, N.: Hyperspectral remote detection
of niche partitioning among canopy trees driven by blowdown gap disturbances
in the Central Amazon, Oecologia, 160, 107–117,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1274-9, 2009.
Chambers, J. Q., Negron-Juarez, R. I., Marra, D. M., Di Vittorio, A., Tews,
J., Roberts, D., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Trumbore, S. E., and Higuchi, N.: The
steady-state mosaic of disturbance and succession across an old-growth
Central Amazon forest landscape, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110,
3949–3954, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202894110, 2013.
Chave, J., Coomes, D., Jansen, S., Lewis, S. L., Swenson, N. G., and Zanne,
A. E.: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum, Ecol. Lett., 12,
351–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01285.x, 2009.
Clark, D. B., Clark, D. A., and Oberbauer, S. F.: Annual wood production in a
tropical rain forest in NE Costa Rica linked to climatic variation but not
to increasing CO2, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 747–759,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02004.x, 2010.
Coley, P. D. and Kursar, T. A.: On tropical forests and their pests, Science,
80, 343, 35–36, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248110, 2014.
Dantas de Paula, M., Groeneveld, J., Fischer, R., Taubert, F., Martins, V.
F., and Huth, A.: Defaunation impacts on seed survival and its effect on the
biomass of future tropical forests, Oikos, 127, 1526–1538,
https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05084, 2018.
Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Girardin, C. A. J., Amézquita, F. F.,
Cabrera, D. G., Huasco, W. H., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Araujo-Murakami, A., Da
Costa, M. C., Rocha, W., Feldpausch, T. R., Mendoza, A. L. M., Da Costa, A.
C. L., Meir, P., Phillips, O. L., and Malhi, Y.: Drought impact on forest
carbon dynamics and fluxes in Amazonia, Nature, 519, 78–82,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14213, 2015.
Dubayah, R. O., Sheldon, S. L., Clark, D. B., Hofton, M. A., Blair, J. B.,
Hurtt, G. C., and Chazdon, R. L.: Estimation of tropical forest height and
biomass dynamics using lidar remote sensing at la Selva, Costa Rica,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 115, G00E09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000933,
2010.
Erb, K.-H., Fetzel, T., Plutzar, C., Kastner, T., Lauk, C., Mayer, A.,
Niedertscheider, M., Körner, C., and Haberl, H.: Biomass turnover time in
terrestrial ecosystems halved by land use, Nat. Geosci., 9, 674–678,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2782, 2016.
Fauset, S., Gloor, M., Fyllas, N. M., Phillips, O. L., Asner, G. P., Baker,
T. R., Patrick Bentley, L., Brienen, R. J. W., Christoffersen, B. O., del
Aguila-Pasquel, J., Doughty, C. E., Feldpausch, T. R., Galbraith, D. R.,
Goodman, R. C., Girardin, C. A. J., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Monteagudo, A.,
Salinas, N., Shenkin, A., Silva-Espejo, J. E., van der Heijden, G., Vasquez,
R., Alvarez-Davila, E., Arroyo, L., Barroso, J. G., Brown, F., Castro, W.,
Cornejo Valverde, F., Davila Cardozo, N., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T.,
Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Núñez Vargas, P., Neill, D., Pallqui
Camacho, N., Gutierrez, A. P., Peacock, J., Pitman, N., Prieto, A.,
Restrepo, Z., Rudas, A., Quesada, C. A., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Terborgh,
J., Vieira, S. A., and Malhi, Y.: Individual-based modeling of amazon forests
suggests that climate controls productivity while traits control demography,
Front. Earth Sci., 7, 83, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00083, 2019.
Fischer, R., Bohn, F., Dantas de Paula, M., Dislich, C., Groeneveld, J.,
Gutiérrez, A. G., Kazmierczak, M., Knapp, N., Lehmann, S., Paulick, S.,
Pütz, S., Rödig, E., Taubert, F., Köhler, P., and Huth, A.:
Lessons learned from applying a forest gap model to understand ecosystem and
carbon dynamics of complex tropical forests, Ecol. Model., 326, 124–133,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.11.018, 2016.
Fischer, R., Rödig, E., and Huth, A.: Consequences of a reduced number of
plant functional types for the simulation of forest productivity, Forests,
9, 460, https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080460, 2018.
Fischer, R., Knapp, N., Bohn, F., Shugart, H. H., and Huth, A.: The Relevance
of Forest Structure for Biomass and Productivity in Temperate Forests: New
Perspectives for Remote Sensing, Surv. Geophys., 40, 709–734,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-019-09519-x, 2019.
Fisher, J. I., Hurtt, G. C., Thomas, R. Q., and Chambers, J. Q.: Clustered
disturbances lead to bias in large-scale estimates based on forest sample
plots, Ecol. Lett., 11, 554–563, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01169.x,
2008.
Formind Team: FORMIND the forest model, Download – FORMIND community registration, https://formind.org/downloads/download-formind-model/, last access: 22 February 2022.
Franklin, J. F., Shugart, H. H., and Harmon, M. E.: Tree Death as an
Ecological Process, Bioscience, 37, 550–556, https://doi.org/10.2307/1310665, 1987.
Friend, A. D., Arneth, A., Kiang, N. Y., Lomas, M. R., Ogée, J.,
Rödenbeck, C., Running, S. W., Santaren, J.-D., Sitch, S., Viovy, N.,
Woodward, F. I., and Zaehle, S.: FLUXNET and modelling the global carbon
cycle, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 610–633,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01223.x, 2007.
Friend, A. D., Lucht, W., Rademacher, T. T., Keribin, R., Betts, R., Cadule,
P., Ciais, P., Clark, D. B., Dankers, R., Falloon, P. D., Ito, A., Kahana,
R., Kleidon, A., Lomas, M. R., Nishina, K., Ostberg, S., Pavlick, R.,
Peylin, P., Schaphoff, S., Vuichard, N., Warszawski, L., Wiltshire, A., and
Woodward, F. I.: Carbon residence time dominates uncertainty in terrestrial
vegetation responses to future climate and atmospheric CO2, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3280–3285, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222477110, 2014.
Gourlet-Fleury, S., Ferry, B., Molino, J.-F., Petronelli, P., and Schmitt,
L.: Paracou expérimental plots: key features, in: Ecology and management
of a neotropical rainforest: lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term
experimental research site in French Guiana, edited by: Gourlet-Fleury, S. and Guehl, J.-M., ECOFOR, Paris, Elsevier, ISBN 2-84299-455-8, 3–60, 2004.
Grau, O., Peñuelas, J., Ferry, B., Freycon, V., Blanc, L., Desprez, M.,
Baraloto, C., Chave, J., Descroix, L., Dourdain, A., Guitet, S., Janssens,
I. A., Sardans, J., and Hérault, B.: Nutrient-cycling mechanisms other
than the direct absorption from soil may control forest structure and
dynamics in poor Amazonian soils, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 45017,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45017, 2017.
Guitet, S., Sabatier, D., Brunaux, O., Couteron, P., Denis, T., Freycon, V.,
Gonzalez, S., Hérault, B., Jaouen, G., Molino, J.-F., Pélissier, R.,
Richard-Hansen, C., and Vincent, G.: Disturbance Regimes Drive The Diversity
of Regional Floristic Pools Across Guianan Rainforest Landscapes, Sci. Rep.-UK,
8, 3872, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22209-9, 2018.
Gumpenberger, M., Vohland, K., Heyder, U., Poulter, B., MacEy, K., Rammig,
A., Popp, A., and Cramer, W.: Predicting pan-tropical climate change induced
forest stock gains and losses – Implications for REDD, Environ. Res. Lett.,
5, 014013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014013, 2010.
Hall, F. G., Bergen, K., Blair, J. B., Dubayah, R., Houghton, R., Hurtt, G.,
Kellndorfer, J., Lefsky, M., Ranson, J., Saatchi, S., Shugart, H. H., and
Wickland, D.: Characterizing 3D vegetation structure from space: Mission
requirements, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 2753–2775,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.01.024, 2011.
Hammond, D. S.: Tropical forests of the Guiana Shield: Ancient forests of
the modern world, CABI Publishing, 528 pp., 2005.
Hartmann, H., Schuldt, B., Sanders, T. G. M., Macinnis-Ng, C., Boehmer, H.
J., Allen, C. D., Bolte, A., Crowther, T. W., Hansen, M. C., Medlyn, B. E.,
Ruehr, N. K., and Anderegg, W. R. L.: Monitoring global tree mortality
patterns and trends. Report from the VW symposium “Crossing scales and
disciplines to identify global trends of tree mortality as indicators of
forest health”, New Phytol., 217, 984–987, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14988, 2018.
Hiltner, U., Bräuning, A., Huth, A., Fischer, R., and Hérault, B.:
Simulation of succession in a neotropical forest: High selective logging
intensities prolong the recovery times of ecosystem functions,
Forest Ecol. Manag.,
430, 517–525, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.042, 2018.
Hiltner, U., Huth, A., Hérault, B., Holtmann, A., Bräuning, A., and
Fischer, R.: Climate change alters the ability of neotropical forests to
provide timber and sequester carbon, Forest Ecol. Manag., 492, 119166,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119166, 2021.
Holzwarth, F., Kahl, A., Bauhus, J., and Wirth, C.: Many ways to die –
partitioning tree mortality dynamics in a near-natural mixed deciduous
forest, J. Ecol., 101, 220–230,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12015, 2013.
Hülsmann, L., Bugmann, H., and Brang, P.: How to predict tree death from
inventory data – lessons from a systematic assessment of European tree
mortality models, Can. J. Forest Res., 47, 890–900,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0224, 2017.
Hülsmann, L., Bugmann, H., Cailleret, M., and Brang, P.: How to kill a
tree: empirical mortality models for 18 species and their performance in a
dynamic forest model, Ecol. Appl., 28, 522–540, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1668,
2018.
Huth, A., Ditzer, T., and Bossel, H.: Rain Forest Growth Model FORMIX3: A
Tool for Forest Management Planning Towards Sustainability, Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 78 pp., 1998.
Ingwell, L. L., Joseph Wright, S., Becklund, K. K., Hubbell, S. P., and
Schnitzer, S. A.: The impact of lianas on 10 years of tree growth and
mortality on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, J. Ecol., 98, 879–887,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01676.x, 2010.
IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A:
Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited
by: Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., Mach, K. J.,
Mastrandrea, M. D., Bilir, T. E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K. L., Estrada, Y. O., Genova, R. C.,
Girma, B., Kissel, E. S., Levy, A. N., MacCracken, S., and Mastrandrea, P. R., Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA,
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ (last access: 22 February 2022), 2014.
Johnson, M. O., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., De Deurwaerder, H., Guimberteau,
M., Rammig, A., Thonicke, K., Verbeeck, H., von Randow, C., Monteagudo, A.,
Phillips, O. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Feldpausch, T. R., Lopez Gonzalez, G.,
Fauset, S., Quesada, C. A., Christoffersen, B., Ciais, P., Sampaio, G.,
Kruijt, B., Meir, P., Moorcroft, P., Zhang, K., Alvarez-Davila, E., Alves de
Oliveira, A., Amaral, I., Andrade, A., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami,
A., Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G. A., Baraloto, C., Barroso,
J., Bonal, D., Boot, R., Camargo, J., Chave, J., Cogollo, A., Cornejo
Valverde, F., Lola da Costa, A. C., Di Fiore, A., Ferreira, L., Higuchi, N.,
Honorio, E. N., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, S. G., Laurance, W. F., Licona,
J., Lovejoy, T., Malhi, Y., Marimon, B., Marimon, B. H., Matos, D. C. L.,
Mendoza, C., Neill, D. A., Pardo, G., Peña-Claros, M., Pitman, N. C. A.,
Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A.,
Salomao, R. P., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.,
Thomas, R., Toledo, M., Torres-Lezama, A., van der Heijden, G. M. F.,
Vasquez, R., Guimarães Vieira, I. C., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., and
Baker, T. R.: Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of
above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global
vegetation models, Glob. Change Biol., 22, 3996–4013,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13315, 2016.
Kim, K., Wang, M., Ranjitkar, S., Liu, S., Xu, J., and Zomer,
R. J.: Using leaf area index (LAI) to assess vegetation response to drought
in Yunnan province of China, J. Mt. Sci., 14, 1863–1872,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-3971-x, 2017.
Kindig, D. A. and Stoddart, G.: What is population health?, Am. J. Public
Health, 93, 380–383, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.3.380, 2003.
Köhler, P. and Huth, A.: Simulating growth dynamics in a South-East
Asian rainforest threatened by recruitment shortage and tree harvesting,
Climate Change, 67, 95–117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-004-0713-9, 2004.
Korner, C.: ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Slow in, Rapid out – Carbon Flux Studies and
Kyoto Targets, Science, 80, 1242–1243,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084460, 2003.
Körner, C.: A matter of tree longevity, Science,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2449, 2017.
Kuptz, D., Grams, T. E. E., and Günter, S.: Light acclimation of four
native tree species in felling gaps within a tropical mountain rainforest,
Trees, 24, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-009-0385-1, 2010.
Lefsky, M. A., Cohen, W. B., Parker, G. G., and Harding, D. J.: Lidar Remote
Sensing for Ecosystem Studies, BioScience, 52, 19–30, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Lefsky, M. A., Harding, D. J., Keller, M., Cohen, W. B., Carabajal, C. C.,
Del Bom Espirito-Santo, F., Hunter, M. O., and de Oliveira, R.: Estimates of
forest canopy height and aboveground biomass using ICESat, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 32, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023971, 2005.
Magnabosco Marra, D., Higuchi, N., Trumbore, S. E., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., dos Santos, J., Carneiro, V. M. C., Lima, A. J. N., Chambers, J. Q., Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Holzwarth, F., Reu, B., and Wirth, C.: Predicting biomass of hyperdiverse and structurally complex central Amazonian forests – a virtual approach using extensive field data, Biogeosciences, 13, 1553–1570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1553-2016, 2016.
Maréchaux, I. and Chave, J.: An individual-based forest model to jointly
simulate carbon and tree diversity in Amazonia: description and
applications, Ecol. Monogr., 87, 632–664, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1271, 2017.
Marra, D. M., Chambers, J. Q., Higuchi, N., Trumbore, S. E., Ribeiro, G. H.
P. M., Dos Santos, J., Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Reu, B., and Wirth, C.:
Large-scale wind disturbances promote tree diversity in a Central Amazon
forest, PLoS One, 9, 103711, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103711, 2014.
McDowell, N., Allen, C. D., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Brando, P., Brienen, R.,
Chambers, J., Christoffersen, B., Davies, S., Doughty, C., Duque, A.,
Espirito-Santo, F., Fisher, R., Fontes, C. G., Galbraith, D., Goodsman, D.,
Grossiord, C., Hartmann, H., Holm, J., Johnson, D. J., Kassim, A. R.,
Keller, M., Koven, C., Kueppers, L., Kumagai, T., Malhi, Y., McMahon, S. M.,
Mencuccini, M., Meir, P., Moorcroft, P., Muller-Landau, H. C., Phillips, O.
L., Powell, T., Sierra, C. A., Sperry, J., Warren, J., Xu, C., and Xu, X.:
Drivers and mechanisms of tree mortality in moist tropical forests, New
Phytol., 219, 851–869, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15027, 2018.
Muller-Landau, H. C., Condit, R. S., Chave, J., Thomas, S. C., Bohlman, S.
A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Davies, S., Foster, R., Gunatilleke, S.,
Gunatilleke, N., Harms, K. E., Hart, T., Hubbell, S. P., Itoh, A., Kassim,
A. R., LaFrankie, J. V., Lee, H. S., Losos, E., Makana, J. R., Ohkubo, T.,
Sukumar, R., Sun, I. F., Nur Supardi, M. N., Tan, S., Thompson, J.,
Valencia, R., Muñoz, G. V., Wills, C., Yamakura, T., Chuyong, G.,
Dattaraja, H. S., Esufali, S., Hall, P., Hernandez, C., Kenfack, D.,
Kiratiprayoon, S., Suresh, H. S., Thomas, D., Vallejo, M. I., and Ashton, P.:
Testing metabolic ecology theory for allometric scaling of tree size, growth
and mortality in tropical forests, Ecol. Lett., 9, 575–588,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00904.x, 2006.
Myneni, R., Knyazikhin, Y., and Park, T.: MODIS/Terra+Aqua Leaf Area
Index/FPAR 8-day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V006, NASA EOSDIS L. Process. DAAC [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD15A2H.006, 2015.
Negrón-Juárez, R., Jenkins, H., Raupp, C., Riley, W., Kueppers, L.,
Magnabosco Marra, D., Ribeiro, G., Monteiro, M., Candido, L., Chambers, J.,
and Higuchi, N.: Windthrow Variability in Central Amazonia, Atmosphere-Basel, 8, 28, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8020028, 2017.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Chambers, J. Q., Guimaraes, G., Zeng, H.,
Raupp, C. F. M., Marra, D. M., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Saatchi, S. S., Nelson,
B. W., and Higuchi, N.: Widespread Amazon forest tree mortality from a single
cross-basin squall line event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L16701,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043733, 2010.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Holm, J. A., Marra, D. M., Rifai, S. W.,
Riley, W. J., Chambers, J. Q., Koven, C. D., Knox, R. G., McGroddy, M. E.,
Di Vittorio, A. V, Urquiza-Muñoz, J., Tello-Espinoza, R., Muñoz, W.
A., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., and Higuchi, N.: Vulnerability of Amazon forests to
storm-driven tree mortality, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 054021,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabe9f, 2018.
Nepstad, D. C., Tohver, I. M., David, R., Moutinho, P., and Cardinot, G.:
Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an
amazon forest, Ecology, 88, 2259–2269, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1046.1, 2007.
Le Page, Y., Hurtt, G., Thomson, A. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Patel, P., Wise,
M., Calvin, K., Kyle, P., Clarke, L., Edmonds, J., and Janetos, A.:
Sensitivity of climate mitigation strategies to natural disturbances,
Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 015018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015018, 2013.
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A.,
Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P.,
Jackson, R. B., Pacala, S. W., McGuire, A. D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A.,
Sitch, S., and Hayes, D.: A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's
forests, Science, 80, 333, 988–993, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201609,
2011.
Phillips, O. L. and Brienen, R. J. W.: Carbon uptake by mature Amazon
forests has mitigated Amazon nations' carbon emissions, Carbon Balance
Manag., 12, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2, 2017.
Phillips, O. L., Heijden, G. Van Der, Lewis, S. L., Lo, G., Lloyd, J.,
Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Almeida, S., Da, E. A., Andelman, S., Andrade,
A., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G., Baker, T. R., Costa, L., Feldpausch, T. R.,
Fisher, J. B., Fyllas, N. M., Freitas, M. A., Jime, E., Keeling, H., Tim,
J., Gloor, E., Higuchi, N., Lovett, J. C., Meir, P., Mendoza, C., Morel, A.,
Nu, P., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Peh, K. S., Pen, A., Schwarz, M., Silva,
J., Silveira, M., Slik, J. W. F., Sonké, B., Sota Thomas, A., Stropp,
J., Taplin, J. R., Vasquez, R., and Vilanova, E.: Drought–mortality
relationships for tropical forests Oliver, New Phytol., 187, 631–646, 2010.
Piponiot, C., Cabon, A., Descroix, L., Dourdain, A., Mazzei, L., Ouliac, B.,
Rutishauser, E., Sist, P. and Hérault, B.: A methodological framework to
assess the carbon balance of tropical managed forests, Carbon Balance
Manag., 11, 15, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0056-7, 2016a.
Piponiot, C., Sist, P., Mazzei, L., Peña-Claros, M., Putz, F. E.,
Rutishauser, E., Shenkin, A., Ascarrunz, N., de Azevedo, C. P., Baraloto,
C., França, M., Guedes, M., Coronado, E. N. H., d'Oliveira, M. V. N.,
Ruschel, A. R., da Silva, K. E., Sotta, E. D., de Souza, C. R., Vidal, E.,
West, T. A. P., and Hérault, B.: Carbon recovery dynamics following
disturbance by selective logging in amazonian forests, Elife,
5, e21394, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21394, 2016b.
Piponiot, C., Rödig, E., Putz, F. E., Rutishauser, E., Sist, P.,
Ascarrunz, N., Blanc, L., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Guedes, M. C.,
Coronado, E. H., Huth, A., Kanashiro, M., Licona, J. C., Mazzei, L.,
D'Oliveira, M. V. N., Peña-Claros, M., Rodney, K., Shenkin, A., de
Souza, C. R., Vidal, E., West, T. A. P., Wortel, V., and Hérault, B.: Can
timber provision from Amazonian production forests be sustainable?, Environ.
Res. Lett., 14, 064014, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab195e, 2019.
Plummer, S. E.: Perspectives on combining ecological process models and
remotely sensed data, Ecol. Model., 129, 169–186,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00233-7, 2000.
Poorter, L.: Growth responses of 15 rain-forest tree species to a light
gradient: The relative importance of morphological and physiological traits,
Funct. Ecol., 13, 396–410, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00332.x, 1999.
Pugh, T. A. M., Arneth, A., Kautz, M., Poulter, B., and Smith, B.: Important
role of forest disturbances in the global biomass turnover and carbon sinks,
Nat. Geosci., 12, 730–735, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0427-2, 2019.
Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Sitch, S., Korsbakken, J. I., Peters, G. P., Manning, A. C., Boden, T. A., Tans, P. P., Houghton, R. A., Keeling, R. F., Alin, S., Andrews, O. D., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Currie, K., Delire, C., Doney, S. C., Friedlingstein, P., Gkritzalis, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Haverd, V., Hoppema, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Lombardozzi, D., Melton, J. R., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S., O'Brien, K., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rödenbeck, C., Salisbury, J., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Walker, A. P., Wiltshire, A. J., and Zaehle, S.: Global Carbon Budget 2016, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 605–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016, 2016.
Rifai, S. W., Urquiza Muñoz, J. D., Negrón-Juárez, R. I.,
Ramírez Arévalo, F. R., Tello-Espinoza, R., Vanderwel, M. C.,
Lichstein, J. W., Chambers, J. Q., and Bohlman, S. A.: Landscape-scale
consequences of differential tree mortality from catastrophic wind
disturbance in the Amazon, Ecol. Appl., 26, 2225–2237,
https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1368, 2016.
Rödig, E., Cuntz, M., Heinke, J., Rammig, A., and Huth, A.: Spatial
heterogeneity of biomass and forest structure of the Amazon rain forest:
Linking remote sensing, forest modelling and field inventory, Glob. Ecol.
Biogeogr., 26, 1292–1302, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12639, 2017.
Rödig, E., Cuntz, M., Rammig, A., Fischer, R., Taubert, F., and Huth, A.:
The importance of forest structure for carbon fluxes of the Amazon
rainforest, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 054013,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabc61, 2018.
Rödig, E., Knapp, N., Fischer, R., Bohn, F. J., Dubayah, R., Tang, H.,
and Huth, A.: From small-scale forest structure to Amazon-wide carbon
estimates, Nat. Commun., 10, 5088, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13063-y, 2019.
Rowland, L., da Costa, A. C. L., Galbraith, D. R., Oliveira, R. S., Binks,
O. J., Oliveira, A. A. R., Pullen, A. M., Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B.,
Vasconcelos, S. S., Ferreira, L. V., Malhi, Y., Grace, J., Mencuccini, M.,
and Meir, P.: Death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by
hydraulics not carbon starvation, Nature, 528, 119–122,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15539, 2015.
Rüger, N., Huth, A., Hubbell, S. P., and Condit, R.: Determinants of
mortality across a tropical lowland rainforest community, Oikos, 120,
1047–1056, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19021.x, 2011.
Rüger, N., Condit, R., Dent, D. H., DeWalt, S. J., Hubbell, S. P.,
Lichstein, J. W., Lopez, O. R., Wirth, C., and Farrior, C. E.: Demographic
trade-offs predict tropical forest dynamics, Science, 80, 368,
165–168, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz4797, 2020.
Saatchi, S. S., Harris, N. L., Brown, S., Lefsky, M., Mitchard, E. T. A.,
Salas, W., Zutta, B. R., Buermann, W., Lewis, S. L., Hagen, S., Petrova, S.,
White, L., Silman, M., and Morel, A.: Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks
in tropical regions across three continents, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
108, 9899–9904, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019576108, 2011.
Seidl, R., Schelhaas, M. J., Rammer, W., and Verkerk, P. J.: Increasing
forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage, Nat. Clim.
Chang., 4, 806–810, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2318, 2014.
Senf, C. and Seidl, R.: Mapping the forest disturbance regimes of Europe,
Nat. Sustain., 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00609-y, 2020.
Shugart, H. H.: A Theory of Forest Dynamics: The Ecological Implications of
Forest Succession Models, 1st edn., Blackburn Press, New Jersey, 278 pp.,
ISBN 0387960007, 1984.
Shugart, H. H.: Forest Gap Models, Earth Syst. Biol. Ecol. Dimens. Glob.
Environ. Chang., 2, 316–323, 2002.
Shugart, H. H., Asner, G. P., Fischer, R., Huth, A., Knapp, N., Le Toan, T.,
and Shuman, J. K.: Computer and remote-sensing infrastructure to enhance
large-scale testing of individual-based forest models, Front. Ecol.
Environ., 13, 503–511, https://doi.org/10.1890/140327, 2015.
Shugart, H. H., Wang, B., Fischer, R., Ma, J., Fang, J., and Yan, X.: Gap
models and their individual-based relatives in the assessment of the
consequences of global change, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 033001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaaacc, 2018.
Silvério, D. V., Brando, P. M., Bustamante, M. M. C., Putz, F. E.,
Marra, D. M., Levick, S. R., and Trumbore, S. E.: Fire, fragmentation, and
windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation, J. Ecol., 107,
656–667, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13076, 2019.
Simard, M., Pinto, N., Fisher, J. B., and Baccini, A.: Mapping forest canopy
height globally with spaceborne lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G04021,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001708, 2011.
Slik, J. W. F., Breman, F. C., Bernard, C., van Beek, M., Cannon, C. H.,
Eichhorn, K. A. O., and Sidiyasa, K.: Fire as a selective force in a Bornean
tropical everwet forest, Oecologia, 164, 841–849,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1764-4, 2010.
Snell, R. S., Huth, A., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Bocedi, G., Travis, J. M. J.,
Gravel, D., Bugmann, H., Gutiérrez, A. G., Hickler, T., Higgins, S. I.,
Reineking, B., Scherstjanoi, M., Zurbriggen, N., and Lischke, H.: Using
dynamic vegetation models to simulate plant range shifts, Ecography,
37, 1184–1197, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00580, 2014.
Soong, J. L., Janssens, I. A., Grau, O., Margalef, O., Stahl, C., Van
Langenhove, L., Urbina, I., Chave, J., Dourdain, A., Ferry, B., Freycon, V.,
Herault, B., Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., and Verbruggen, E.: Soil
properties explain tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, across
phosphorus-depleted tropical forests, Sci. Rep.-UK, 10, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58913-8, 2020.
Stach, N., Salvado, A., Petit, M., Faure, J. F., Durieux, L., Corbane, C.,
Joubert, P., Lasselin, D., and Deshayes, M.: Land use monitoring by remote
sensing in tropical forest areas in support of the Kyoto Protocol: the case
of French Guiana, Int. J. Remote Sens., 30, 5133–5149,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160903022969, 2009.
Stovall, A. E. L., Shugart, H., and Yang, X.: Tree height explains mortality
risk during an intense drought, Nat. Commun., 10, 4385,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12380-6, 2019.
Thurner, M., Beer, C., Carvalhais, N., Forkel, M., Santoro, M., Tum, M., and
Schmullius, C.: Large-scale variation in boreal and temperate forest carbon
turnover rate related to climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 4576–4585,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068794, 2016.
Le Toan, T., Quegan, S., Davidson, M. W. J., Balzter, H., Paillou, P.,
Papathanassiou, K., Plummer, S., Rocca, F., Saatchi, S., Shugart, H., and
Ulander, L.: The BIOMASS mission: Mapping global forest biomass to better
understand the terrestrial carbon cycle, Remote Sens. Environ., 115,
2850–2860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.020, 2011.
Trenberth, K. E., Dai, A., van der Schrier, G., Jones, P. D., Barichivich,
J., Briffa, K. R., and Sheffield, J.: Global warming and changes in drought,
Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 17–22, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2067, 2014.
Uriarte, M., Canham, C. D., Thompson, J., and Zimmerman, J. K.: A
neighborhood analysis of tree growth and survival in a hurricane-driven
tropical forest, Ecol. Monogr., 74, 591–614, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-4031, 2004.
Wagner, F., Rossi, V., Stahl, C., Bonal, D., and Hérault, B.: Water
availability is the main climate driver of neotropical tree growth, PLoS
One, 7, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034074, 2012.
Wright, S. J., Sun, I. F., Pickering, M., Fletcher, C. D., and Chen, Y. Y.:
Long-term changes in liana loads and tree dynamics in a Malaysian forest,
Ecology, 96, 2748–2757, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1985.1, 2015.
Zanne, A. E., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Coomes, D. A. A., Ilic, J., Jansen, S.,
Lewis, S. L. S. L., Miller, R. B. B., Swenson, N. G. G., Wiemann, M. C. C.,
and Chave, J.: Data from: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum, Dryad
Digital Repository, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01285.x, 2009.
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint