Articles | Volume 19, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 13 Dec 2022
| 13 Dec 2022
Environmental and hydrologic controls on sediment and organic carbon export from a subalpine catchment: insights from a time series
Melissa Sophia Schwab
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
now at: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Hannah Gies
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Chantal Valérie Freymond
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
now at: Gruner, 4020 Basel, Switzerland
Maarten Lupker
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
independent researcher: 3014 Bern, Switzerland
Negar Haghipour
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Timothy Ian Eglinton
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Szabina Karancz, Lennart J. de Nooijer, Bas van der Wagt, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Sambuddha Misra, Rick Hennekam, Zeynep Erdem, Julie Lattaud, Negar Haghipour, Stefan Schouten, and Gert-Jan Reichart
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1915, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1915, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in upwelling intensity of the Benguela upwelling region during the last glacial motivated us to investigate the local CO2-history during the last glacial to interglacial transition. Using various geochemical tracers on archives from both intermediate and surface waters reveal enhanced storage of carbon at depth during the last glacial maximum. An efficient biological pump likely prevented outgassing of CO2 from intermediate depth to the atmosphere.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Paul J. Mann, Dirk J. Jong, Sergio Bulte Garcia, Anna Davydova, Sergei Davydov, Nikita Zimov, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 21, 357–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw releases organic carbon into waterways. Decomposition of this carbon pool emits greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, enhancing climate warming. We show that Arctic river carbon and water chemistry are different between the spring ice breakup and summer and that primary production is initiated in small Arctic rivers right after ice breakup, in contrast to in large rivers. This may have implications for fluvial carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas uptake and emission balance.
Sarah Paradis, Kai Nakajima, Tessa S. Van der Voort, Hannah Gies, Aline Wildberger, Thomas M. Blattmann, Lisa Bröder, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4105–4125, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4105-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4105-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
MOSAIC is a database of global organic carbon in marine sediments. This new version holds more than 21 000 sediment cores and includes new variables to interpret organic carbon distribution, such as sedimentological parameters and biomarker signatures. MOSAIC also stores data from specific sediment and molecular fractions to better understand organic carbon degradation and ageing. This database is continuously expanding, and version control will allow reproducible research outputs.
Oliver Kost, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Laura Endres, Negar Haghipour, and Heather Stoll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2227–2255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cave monitoring studies including cave drip water are unique opportunities to sample water which has percolated through the soil and rock. The change in drip water chemistry is resolved over the course of 16 months, inferring seasonal and hydrological variations in soil and karst processes at the water–air and water–rock interface. Such data sets improve the understanding of hydrological and hydrochemical processes and ultimately advance the interpretation of geochemical stalagmite records.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Huub M. Zwart, Muhammed O. Usman, Suning Hou, Camilo Ponton, Liviu Giosan, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 3979–4010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) that is transferred to the ocean by rivers forms a long-term sink of atmospheric CO2 upon burial on the ocean floor. We here test if certain bacterial membrane lipids can be used to trace SOC through the monsoon-fed Godavari River basin in India. We find that these lipids trace the mobilisation and transport of SOC in the wet season but that these lipids are not transferred far into the sea. This suggests that the burial of SOC on the sea floor is limited here.
Gabriella M. Weiss, Julie Lattaud, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Clim. Past, 18, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we study the elemental signatures of plant wax compounds as well as molecules from algae and bacteria to understand how water sources changed over the last 11 000 years in the northeastern part of Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea. Our results show diversity in plant and aquatic microorganisms following the melting of the large ice sheet that covered northern Europe as the regional climate continued to warm. A shift in water source from ice melt to rain also occurred around the same time.
Blanca Ausín, Negar Haghipour, Elena Bruni, and Timothy Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 19, 613–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-613-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The preservation and distribution of alkenones – organic molecules produced by marine algae – in marine sediments allows us to reconstruct past variations in sea surface temperature, primary productivity and CO2. Here, we explore the impact of remobilization and lateral transport of sedimentary alkenones on their fate in marine sediments. We demonstrate the pervasive influence of these processes on alkenone-derived environmental signals, compromising the reliability of related paleorecords.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Franziska A. Lechleitner, Christopher C. Day, Oliver Kost, Micah Wilhelm, Negar Haghipour, Gideon M. Henderson, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 17, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a critical but poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle. We analyse the effect of changing soil respiration rates on the stable carbon isotope ratio of speleothems from northern Spain covering the last deglaciation. Using geochemical analysis and forward modelling we quantify the processes affecting speleothem stable carbon isotope ratios and extract a signature of increasing soil respiration synchronous with deglacial warming.
Elena T. Bruni, Richard F. Ott, Vincenzo Picotti, Negar Haghipour, Karl W. Wegmann, and Sean F. Gallen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 771–793, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-771-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-771-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Klados River catchment contains seemingly overlarge, well-preserved alluvial terraces and fans. Unlike previous studies, we argue that the deposits formed in the Holocene based on their position relative to a paleoshoreline uplifted in 365 CE and seven radiocarbon dates. We also find that constant sediment supply from high-lying landslide deposits disconnected the valley from regional tectonics and climate controls, which resulted in fan and terrace formation guided by stochastic events.
Jannik Martens, Evgeny Romankevich, Igor Semiletov, Birgit Wild, Bart van Dongen, Jorien Vonk, Tommaso Tesi, Natalia Shakhova, Oleg V. Dudarev, Denis Kosmach, Alexander Vetrov, Leopold Lobkovsky, Nikolay Belyaev, Robie W. Macdonald, Anna J. Pieńkowski, Timothy I. Eglinton, Negar Haghipour, Salve Dahle, Michael L. Carroll, Emmelie K. L. Åström, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Lee W. Cooper, Göran Possnert, and Örjan Gustafsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2561–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of the first Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE), which is a scientific effort to harmonize and curate all published and unpublished data of carbon, nitrogen, carbon isotopes, and terrigenous biomarkers in sediments of the Arctic Ocean in one database. CASCADE will enable a variety of studies of the Arctic carbon cycle and thus contribute to a better understanding of how climate change affects the Arctic.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Muhammed Usman, Daniel Montluçon, Thomas Loeffler, Maria Luisa Tavagna, Nicolas Gruber, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2135–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean sediments form the largest and longest-term storage of organic carbon. Despite their global importance, information on these sediments is often scattered, incomplete or inaccessible. Here we present MOSAIC (Modern Ocean Sediment Archive and Inventory of Carbon, mosaic.ethz.ch), a (radio)carbon-centric database that addresses this information gap. This database provides a platform for assessing the transport, deposition and storage of carbon in ocean surface sediments.
Hannah Gies, Frank Hagedorn, Maarten Lupker, Daniel Montluçon, Negar Haghipour, Tessa Sophia van der Voort, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 18, 189–205, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding controls on the persistence of organic matter in soils is essential to constrain its role in the carbon cycle. Emerging concepts suggest that the soil carbon pool is predominantly comprised of stabilized microbial residues. To test this hypothesis we isolated microbial membrane lipids from two Swiss soil profiles and measured their radiocarbon age. We find that the ages of these compounds are in the range of millenia and thus provide evidence for stabilized microbial mass in soils.
Michael Sarnthein, Kevin Küssner, Pieter M. Grootes, Blanca Ausin, Timothy Eglinton, Juan Muglia, Raimund Muscheler, and Gordon Schlolaut
Clim. Past, 16, 2547–2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The dating technique of 14C plateau tuning uses U/Th-based model ages, refinements of the Lake Suigetsu age scale, and the link of surface ocean carbon to the globally mixed atmosphere as basis of age correlation. Our synthesis employs data of 20 sediment cores from the global ocean and offers a coherent picture of global ocean circulation evolving over glacial-to-deglacial times on semi-millennial scales to be compared with climate records stored in marine sediments, ice cores, and speleothems.
Marius L. Huber, Maarten Lupker, Sean F. Gallen, Marcus Christl, and Ananta P. Gajurel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large boulders found in two Himalayan valleys show signs of long fluvial transport (>10 km). Paleo-discharges required to mobilize these boulders exceed typical monsoon discharges. Exposure dating shows that a cluster of these boulders was emplaced ca. 5 kyr ago. This period is coeval with a weakening of the Indian monsoon and glacier retreat in the area. We, therefore, suggest that glacier lake outburst floods are likely mechanisms that can explain these exceptional transport processes.
Leticia G. Luz, Thiago P. Santos, Timothy I. Eglinton, Daniel Montluçon, Blanca Ausin, Negar Haghipour, Silvia M. Sousa, Renata H. Nagai, and Renato S. Carreira
Clim. Past, 16, 1245–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Two sediment cores retrieved from the SE Brazilian continental margin were studied using multiple organic (alkenones) and inorganic (oxygen isotopes in carbonate shells and water) proxies to reconstruct the sea surface temperature (SST) over the last 50 000 years. The findings indicate the formation of strong thermal gradients in the region during the last climate transition, a feature that may become more frequent in the future scenario of global water circulation changes.
Johannes Hepp, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Verena Lanny, Jörg Franke, Marcel Bliedtner, Kazimierz Rozanski, Bruno Glaser, Michael Zech, Timothy Ian Eglinton, and Roland Zech
Biogeosciences, 17, 741–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020, 2020
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Utsav Mannu, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 16, 3233–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon stored in soils is the largest reservoir of organic carbon on land. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions and a changing climate, it is very important to understand how stable the carbon in the soil is and why. The deeper parts of the soil have often been overlooked even though they store a lot of carbon. In this paper, we discovered that although deep soil carbon is expected to be old and stable, there can be a significant young component that cycles much faster.
Julie Lattaud, Frédérique Kirkels, Francien Peterse, Chantal V. Freymond, Timothy I. Eglinton, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Sergio Balzano, Laura Villanueva, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 4147–4161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-chain diols (LCDs) are biomarkers that occur widespread in marine environments and also in lakes and rivers. In this study, we looked at the distribution of LCDs in three river systems (Godavari, Danube, and Rhine) in relation to season, precipitation, and temperature. We found out that the LCDs are likely being produced in calm areas of the river systems and that marine LCDs have a different distribution than riverine LCDs.
Muhammed Ojoshogu Usman, Frédérique Marie Sophie Anne Kirkels, Huub Michel Zwart, Sayak Basu, Camilo Ponton, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Michael Ploetze, Negar Haghipour, Cameron McIntyre, Francien Peterse, Maarten Lupker, Liviu Giosan, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 15, 3357–3375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, 2018
Blanca Ausín, Diana Zúñiga, Jose A. Flores, Catarina Cavaleiro, María Froján, Nicolás Villacieros-Robineau, Fernando Alonso-Pérez, Belén Arbones, Celia Santos, Francisco de la Granda, Carmen G. Castro, Fátima Abrantes, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Emilia Salgueiro
Biogeosciences, 15, 245–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A systematic investigation of the coccolithophore ecology was performed for the first time in the NW Iberian Margin to broaden our knowledge on the use of fossil coccoliths in marine sediment records to infer environmental conditions in the past. Coccolithophores proved to be significant primary producers and their abundance and distribution was favoured by warmer and nutrient–depleted waters during the upwelling regime, seasonally controlled offshore and influenced by coastal processes onshore.
Lorenz Wüthrich, Claudio Brändli, Régis Braucher, Heinz Veit, Negar Haghipour, Carla Terrizzano, Marcus Christl, Christian Gnägi, and Roland Zech
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 66, 57–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-57-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-57-2017, 2017
Liviu Giosan, Camilo Ponton, Muhammed Usman, Jerzy Blusztajn, Dorian Q. Fuller, Valier Galy, Negar Haghipour, Joel E. Johnson, Cameron McIntyre, Lukas Wacker, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 781–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A reconstruction of erosion in the core monsoon zone of India provides unintuitive but fundamental insights: in contrast to semiarid regions that experience enhanced erosion during erratic rain events, the monsoon is annual and acts as a veritable
erosional pumpaccelerating when the land cover is minimal. The existence of such a monsoon erosional pump promises to reconcile conflicting views on the land–sea sediment and carbon transfer as well as the monsoon evolution on longer timescales.
Maarten Lupker, Jérôme Lavé, Christian France-Lanord, Marcus Christl, Didier Bourlès, Julien Carcaillet, Colin Maden, Rainer Wieler, Mustafizur Rahman, Devojit Bezbaruah, and Liu Xiaohan
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 429–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-429-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-429-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We use geochemical approaches (10Be) on river sediments to quantify the erosion rates across the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra (TB) catchment in the eastern Himalayas. Our approach confirms the high erosion rates in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis region and we suggest that the abrasion of landslide material in the syntaxis is a key process in explaining how erosion signals are transferred to the sediment load.
Imke K. Schäfer, Verena Lanny, Jörg Franke, Timothy I. Eglinton, Michael Zech, Barbora Vysloužilová, and Roland Zech
SOIL, 2, 551–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-551-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-551-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For this study we systematically investigated the molecular pattern of leaf waxes in litter and topsoils along a European transect to assess their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Our results show that leaf wax patterns depend on the type of vegetation. The vegetation signal is not only found in the litter; it can also be preserved to some degree in the topsoil.
Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Negar Haghipour, Lukas Wacker, Timothy I. Eglinton, Helen M. Talbot, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 10, 2485–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The permafrost in eastern Siberia contains large amounts of carbon frozen in soils and sediments. Continuing global warming is thawing the permafrost and releasing carbon to the Arctic Ocean. We used pyrolysis-GCMS, a chemical fingerprinting technique, to study the types of carbon being deposited on the continental shelf. We found large amounts of permafrost-sourced carbon being deposited up to 200 km offshore.
Maarten Lupker, Christian France-Lanord, and Bruno Lartiges
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 675–684, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-675-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-675-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers export the products of continental weathering to the oceans. It is important to accurately constrain these fluxes to better understand global biogeochemical cycles. The riverine export of major cation species in particular contributes to regulate the long-term carbon cycle. In this work we quantify some additional fluxes to the ocean that may occur when solid sediments react with seawater in estuaries. These fluxes have been only poorly constrained so far.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Claudia Zell, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Xiaojuan Feng, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 13, 3427–3439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores heterogeneity in 14C content of soil organic matter (SOM) at different spatial scales and across climatic and geologic gradients, which is essential for a better understanding of SOM stability. Results reveal that despite dissimilar environmental conditions, 14C contents in topsoils is relatively uniform and 14C trends with depth are similar. Plot-scale variability is significant. Statistical analysis found a significant correlation of 14C contents (0–5 cm) and temperature.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Organic Biogeochemistry
Molecular-level carbon traits of fine roots: unveiling adaptation and decomposition under flooded conditions
Environmental controls on the distribution of brGDGTs and brGMGTs across the Seine River basin (NW France): implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff
Latitudinal distribution of biomarkers across the western Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea: an approach to assess sympagic and pelagic algal production
Lipid remodeling in phytoplankton exposed to multi-environmental drivers in a mesocosm experiment
Sinking fate and carbon export of zooplankton fecal pellets: insights from time-series sediment trap observations in the northern South China Sea
Low cobalt inventories in the Amundsen and Ross seas driven by high demand for labile cobalt uptake among native phytoplankton communities
Potential bioavailability of representative pyrogenic organic matter compounds in comparison to natural dissolved organic matter pools
Distributions of bacteriohopanepolyols in lakes and coastal lagoons of the Azores Archipelago
Recently fixed carbon fuels microbial activity several meters below the soil surface
Climate and geology overwrite land use effects on soil organic nitrogen cycling on a continental scale
Compositions of dissolved organic matter in the ice-covered waters above the Aurora hydrothermal vent system, Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
Microbial labilization and diversification of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter
Bacterial and eukaryotic intact polar lipids point to in situ production as a key source of labile organic matter in hadal surface sediment of the Atacama Trench
What can we learn from amino acids about oceanic organic matter cycling and degradation?
Bacteriohopanetetrol-x: constraining its application as a lipid biomarker for marine anammox using the water column oxygen gradient of the Benguela upwelling system
Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea
Cyanobacteria net community production in the Baltic Sea as inferred from profiling pCO2 measurements
Reviews and syntheses: Heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon – significant but invisible flux in environmental carbon cycling
Revised fractional abundances and warm-season temperatures substantially improve brGDGT calibrations in lake sediments
Archaeal intact polar lipids in polar waters: a comparison between the Amundsen and Scotia seas
Reproducible determination of dissolved organic matter photosensitivity
Technical note: Uncovering the influence of methodological variations on the extractability of iron-bound organic carbon
Anthropocene climate warming enhances autochthonous carbon cycling in an upland Arctic lake, Disko Island, West Greenland
Novel hydrocarbon-utilizing soil mycobacteria synthesize unique mycocerosic acids at a Sicilian everlasting fire
Alkenone isotopes show evidence of active carbon concentrating mechanisms in coccolithophores as aqueous carbon dioxide concentrations fall below 7 µmol L−1
Seasonal variability and sources of in situ brGDGT production in a permanently stratified African crater lake
Sediment release of dissolved organic matter to the oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Better molecular preservation of organic matter in an oxic than in a sulfidic depositional environment: evidence from Thalassiphora pelagica (Dinoflagellata, Eocene) cysts
Assessing branched tetraether lipids as tracers of soil organic carbon transport through the Carminowe Creek catchment (southwest England)
The nonconservative distribution pattern of organic matter in the Rajang, a tropical river with peatland in its estuary
Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: source and environmental implication
High-pH and anoxic conditions during soil organic matter extraction increases its electron-exchange capacity and ability to stimulate microbial Fe(III) reduction by electron shuttling
Sterol preservation in hypersaline microbial mats
Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)
Distribution and degradation of terrestrial organic matter in the sediments of peat-draining rivers, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a pCO2 proxy using a natural CO2 seep (Shikine Island, Japan)
Composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter from tropical peatlands of coastal Sarawak, Borneo, revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis
Latitudinal variations in δ30Si and δ15N signatures along the Peruvian shelf: quantifying the effects of nutrient utilization versus denitrification over the past 600 years
Diapycnal dissolved organic matter supply into the upper Peruvian oxycline
Composition and vertical flux of particulate organic matter to the oxygen minimum zone of the central Baltic Sea: impact of a sporadic North Sea inflow
Main drivers of transparent exopolymer particle distribution across the surface Atlantic Ocean
Biochemical and structural controls on the decomposition dynamics of boreal upland forest moss tissues
Spatiotemporal transformation of dissolved organic matter along an alpine stream flow path on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: importance of source and permafrost degradation
A quest for the biological sources of long chain alkyl diols in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Long-chain diols in rivers: distribution and potential biological sources
Leaf wax n-alkanes in modern plants and topsoils from eastern Georgia (Caucasus) – implications for reconstructing regional paleovegetation
The role of diatom resting spores in pelagic–benthic coupling in the Southern Ocean
Calcium content and high calcium adaptation of plants in karst areas of southwestern Hunan, China
Substrate potential of last interglacial to Holocene permafrost organic matter for future microbial greenhouse gas production
Mengke Wang, Peng Zhang, Huishan Li, Guisen Deng, Deliang Kong, Sifang Kong, and Junjian Wang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2691–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and applied complementary analyses to characterize molecular-level carbon traits for water-grown and soil-grown fine roots. The adaptive strategy of developing more labile carbon in water-grown roots accelerated root decomposition and counteracted the decelerated effects of anoxia on decomposition, highlighting an indirect effect of environmental change on belowground carbon cycling.
Zhe-Xuan Zhang, Edith Parlanti, Christelle Anquetil, Jérôme Morelle, Anniet M. Laverman, Alexandre Thibault, Elisa Bou, and Arnaud Huguet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2227–2252, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bacterial tetraethers have important implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction. However, fundamental understanding of how these lipids are transformed from land to sea and which environmental factors influence their distributions is lacking. Here, we investigate the sources of brGDGTs and brGMGTs and the factors controlling their distributions in a large dataset (n=237). We propose a novel proxy (RIX) to trace riverine runoff, which is applicable in modern systems and in paleorecord.
Youcheng Bai, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Jian Ren, Vincent Klein, Haiyan Jin, and Jianfang Chen
Biogeosciences, 21, 689–709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algal biomarkers were used to assess sea ice and pelagic algal production across the western Arctic Ocean with changing sea-ice conditions. They show three distinct areas along with a marked latitudinal gradient of sea ice over pelagic algal production in surface sediments that are reflected by the H-Print index. Our data also show that efficient grazing consumption accounted for the dramatic decrease of diatom-derived biomarkers in sediments compared to that of particulate matter.
Sebastian I. Cantarero, Edgart Flores, Harry Allbrook, Paulina Aguayo, Cristian A. Vargas, John E. Tamanaha, J. Bentley C. Scholz, Lennart T. Bach, Carolin R. Löscher, Ulf Riebesell, Balaji Rajagopalan, Nadia Dildar, and Julio Sepúlveda
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3110, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores lipid remodeling in response to environmental stress, specifically how cell membrane chemistry changes. We focus on intact polar lipids in a phytoplankton community exposed to diverse stressors in a mesocosm experiment. The observed remodeling indicates acyl chain recycling for energy storage in triacylglycerols during stress, reallocating resources based on varying growth conditions. This understanding is essential to grasp the system's impact on cellular pools.
Hanxiao Wang, Zhifei Liu, Jiaying Li, Baozhi Lin, Yulong Zhao, Xiaodong Zhang, Junyuan Cao, Jingwen Zhang, Hongzhe Song, and Wenzhuo Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 5109–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking of zooplankton fecal pellets is a key process in the marine biological carbon pump. This study presents carbon export of four shapes of fecal pellets from two time-series sediment traps in the South China Sea. The results show that the sinking fate of fecal pellets is regulated by marine primary productivity, deep-dwelling zooplankton community, and deep-sea currents in the tropical marginal sea, thus providing a new perspective for exploring the carbon cycle in the world ocean.
Rebecca J. Chmiel, Riss M. Kell, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 20, 3997–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt is an important micronutrient for plankton, yet it is often scarce throughout the oceans. A 2017/2018 expedition to coastal Antarctica, including regions of the Amundsen Sea and the Ross Sea, discovered lower concentrations of cobalt compared to two past expeditions in 2005 and 2006, particularly for the type of cobalt preferred as a nutrient by phytoplankton. This loss may be due to changing inputs of other nutrients, causing higher uptake of cobalt by plankton over the last decade.
Emily B. Graham, Hyun-Seob Song, Samantha Grieger, Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso, James C. Stegen, Kevin D. Bladon, and Allison N. Myers-Pigg
Biogeosciences, 20, 3449–3457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3449-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intensifying wildfires are increasing pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) production and its impact on water quality. Recent work indicates that PyOM may have a greater impact on aquatic biogeochemistry than previously assumed, driven by higher bioavailability. We provide a full assessment of the potential bioavailability of PyOM across its chemical spectrum. We indicate that PyOM can be actively transformed within the river corridor and, therefore, may be a growing source of riverine C emissions.
Nora Richter, Ellen C. Hopmans, Danica Mitrović, Pedro M. Raposeiro, Vítor Gonçalves, Ana C. Costa, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Laura Villanueva, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 20, 2065–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are a diverse class of lipids produced by bacteria across a wide range of environments. This study characterizes the diversity of BHPs in lakes and coastal lagoons in the Azores Archipelago, as well as a co-culture enriched for methanotrophs. We highlight the potential of BHPs as taxonomic markers for bacteria associated with certain ecological niches, which can be preserved in sedimentary records.
Andrea Scheibe, Carlos A. Sierra, and Marie Spohn
Biogeosciences, 20, 827–838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored carbon cycling in soils in three climate zones in Chile down to a depth of 6 m, using carbon isotopes. Our results show that microbial activity several meters below the soil surface is mostly fueled by recently fixed carbon and that strong decomposition of soil organic matter only occurs in the upper decimeters of the soils. The study shows that different layers of the critical zone are tightly connected and that processes in the deep soil depend on recently fixed carbon.
Lisa Noll, Shasha Zhang, Qing Zheng, Yuntao Hu, Florian Hofhansl, and Wolfgang Wanek
Biogeosciences, 19, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cleavage of proteins to smaller nitrogen compounds allows microorganisms and plants to exploit the largest nitrogen reservoir in soils and is considered the bottleneck in soil organic nitrogen cycling. Results from soils covering a European transect show that protein turnover is constrained by soil geochemistry, shifts in climate and associated alterations in soil weathering and should be considered as a driver of soil nitrogen availability with repercussions on carbon cycle processes.
Muhammed Fatih Sert, Helge Niemann, Eoghan P. Reeves, Mats A. Granskog, Kevin P. Hand, Timo Kekäläinen, Janne Jänis, Pamela E. Rossel, Bénédicte Ferré, Anna Silyakova, and Friederike Gründger
Biogeosciences, 19, 2101–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate organic matter composition in the Arctic Ocean water column. We collected seawater samples from sea ice to deep waters at six vertical profiles near an active hydrothermal vent and its plume. In comparison to seawater, we found that the organic matter in waters directly affected by the hydrothermal plume had different chemical composition. We suggest that hydrothermal processes may influence the organic matter distribution in the deep ocean.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
Aleksandar I. Goranov, Andrew S. Wozniak, Kyle W. Bostick, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Siddhartha Mitra, and Patrick G. Hatcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 1491–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire-derived molecules are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, but their biological fate remains understudied. We have evaluated the compositional changes that occur to wildfire-derived molecules after incubation with soil microbes. We observe a significant degradation but also a production of numerous new labile molecules. Our results indicate that wildfire-derived molecules can be broken down and the carbon and nitrogen therein can be incorporated into microbial food webs.
Edgart Flores, Sebastian I. Cantarero, Paula Ruiz-Fernández, Nadia Dildar, Matthias Zabel, Osvaldo Ulloa, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 19, 1395–1420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the chemical diversity and abundance of microbial lipids as markers of organic matter sources in the deepest points of the Atacama Trench sediments and compare them to similar lipid stocks in shallower surface sediments and in the overlying water column. We evaluate possible organic matter provenance and some potential chemical adaptations of the in situ microbial community to the extreme conditions of high hydrostatic pressure in hadal realm.
Birgit Gaye, Niko Lahajnar, Natalie Harms, Sophie Anna Luise Paul, Tim Rixen, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 19, 807–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amino acids were analyzed in a large number of samples of particulate and dissolved organic matter from coastal regions and the open ocean. A statistical analysis produced two new biogeochemical indicators. An indicator of sinking particle and sediment degradation (SDI) traces the degradation of organic matter from the surface waters into the sediments. A second indicator shows the residence time of suspended matter in the ocean (RTI).
Zoë R. van Kemenade, Laura Villanueva, Ellen C. Hopmans, Peter Kraal, Harry J. Witte, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 19, 201–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important nitrogen-removal process in the ocean. We assess the distribution of bacteriohopanetetrol-x (BHT-x), used to trace past anammox, along a redox gradient in the water column of the Benguela upwelling system. BHT-x / BHT ratios of >0.18 correspond to the presence of living anammox bacteria and oxygen levels <50 μmol L−1. This allows for a more robust application of BHT-x to trace past marine anammox and deoxygenation in dynamic marine systems.
Jia-Jang Hung, Ching-Han Tung, Zong-Ying Lin, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Shao-Hung Peng, Yen-Huei Lin, and Li-Shan Tsai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5141–5162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5141-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5141-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report measured active and passive fluxes and their controlling mechanisms in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The total fluxes were higher than most reports in open oceans, indicating the significance of NSCS in atmospheric CO2 uptake and in storing that CO2 in the ocean’s interior. Winter cooling and extreme events enhanced nutrient availability and elevated fluxes. Global warming may have profound impacts on reducing ocean’s uptake and storage of CO2 in subtropical–tropical oceans.
Jens Daniel Müller, Bernd Schneider, Ulf Gräwe, Peer Fietzek, Marcus Bo Wallin, Anna Rutgersson, Norbert Wasmund, Siegfried Krüger, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 18, 4889–4917, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on profiling pCO2 measurements from a field campaign, we quantify the biomass production of a cyanobacteria bloom in the Baltic Sea, the export of which would foster deep water deoxygenation. We further demonstrate how this biomass production can be accurately reconstructed from long-term surface measurements made on cargo vessels in combination with modelled temperature profiles. This approach enables a better understanding of a severe concern for the Baltic’s good environmental status.
Alexander Braun, Marina Spona-Friedl, Maria Avramov, Martin Elsner, Federico Baltar, Thomas Reinthaler, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Christian Griebler
Biogeosciences, 18, 3689–3700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is known that CO2 fixation by photoautotrophic organisms is the major sink from the atmosphere. While biologists are aware that CO2 fixation also occurs in heterotrophic organisms, this route of inorganic carbon, and its quantitative role, is hardly recognized in biogeochemistry. We demonstrate that a considerable amount of CO2 is fixed annually through anaplerotic reactions in heterotrophic organisms, and a significant quantity of inorganic carbon is temporally sequestered in biomass.
Jonathan H. Raberg, David J. Harning, Sarah E. Crump, Greg de Wet, Aria Blumm, Sebastian Kopf, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 18, 3579–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
BrGDGT lipids are a proxy for temperature in lake sediments, but other parameters like pH can influence them, and seasonality can affect the temperatures they record. We find a warm-season bias at 43 new high-latitude sites. We also present a new method that deconvolves the effects of temperature, pH, and conductivity and generate global calibrations for these variables. Our study provides new paleoclimate tools, insight into brGDGTs at the biochemical level, and a new method for future study.
Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Juliane Müller, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Claire Allen, Torsten Bickert, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Elaine Mawbey, Victoria Peck, Aleksandra Svalova, and James A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ocean temperature records are needed to fully understand the impact of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature but can be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. Our results show active GDGT synthesis in relatively warm depths of the ocean. This research improves the application of GDGT palaeoceanographic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Alec W. Armstrong, Leanne Powers, and Michael Gonsior
Biogeosciences, 18, 3367–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Living things decay into organic matter, which can dissolve into water (like tea brewing). Tea receives its color by absorbing light. Similarly, this material absorbs light, which can then cause chemical reactions that change it. By measuring changes in these optical properties, we found that materials from some places are more sensitive to light than others. Comparing sensitivity to light helps us understand where these materials come from and what happens as they move through water.
Ben J. Fisher, Johan C. Faust, Oliver W. Moore, Caroline L. Peacock, and Christian März
Biogeosciences, 18, 3409–3419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3409-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3409-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon can be protected from microbial degradation in marine sediments through association with iron minerals on 1000-year timescales. Despite the importance of this carbon sink, our spatial and temporal understanding of iron-bound organic carbon interactions globally is poor. Here we show that caution must be applied when comparing quantification of iron-bound organic carbon extracted by different methods as the extraction strength and method specificity can be highly variable.
Mark A. Stevenson, Suzanne McGowan, Emma J. Pearson, George E. A. Swann, Melanie J. Leng, Vivienne J. Jones, Joseph J. Bailey, Xianyu Huang, and Erika Whiteford
Biogeosciences, 18, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We link detailed stable isotope and biomarker analyses from the catchments of three Arctic upland lakes on Disko Island (West Greenland) to a recent dated sediment core to understand how carbon cycling has changed over the past ~500 years. We find that the carbon deposited in sediments in these upland lakes is predominately sourced from in-lake production due to the catchment's limited terrestrial vegetation and elevation and that recent increases in algal production link with climate change.
Nadine T. Smit, Laura Villanueva, Darci Rush, Fausto Grassa, Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Mira Holzheimer, Adriaan J. Minnaard, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 18, 1463–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soils from an everlasting fire (gas seep) in Sicily, Italy, reveal high relative abundances of novel uncultivated mycobacteria and unique 13C-depleted mycocerosic acids (multi-methyl branched fatty acids) close to the main gas seep. Our results imply that mycocerosic acids in combination with their depleted δ13C values offer a new biomarker tool to study the role of soil mycobacteria as hydrocarbon consumers in the modern and past global carbon cycle.
Marcus P. S. Badger
Biogeosciences, 18, 1149–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1149-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing ancient atmospheric CO2 is an important aim of palaeoclimate science in order to understand the Earth's climate system. One method, the alkenone proxy based on molecular fossils of coccolithophores, has been recently shown to be ineffective at low-to-moderate CO2 levels. In this paper I show that this is likely due to changes in the biogeochemistry of the coccolithophores when there is low carbon availability, but for much of the Cenozoic the alkenone proxy should have utility.
Loes G. J. van Bree, Francien Peterse, Allix J. Baxter, Wannes De Crop, Sigrid van Grinsven, Laura Villanueva, Dirk Verschuren, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 17, 5443–5463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are used as a paleothermometer based on their temperature dependence in global soils, but aquatic production complicates their use in lakes. BrGDGTs in the water column of Lake Chala, East Africa, respond to oxygen conditions and mixing. Changes in their signal can be linked to bacterial community composition rather than membrane adaptation to changing conditions. Their integrated signal in the sediment reflects mean air temperature.
Alexandra N. Loginova, Andrew W. Dale, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Sören Thomsen, Stefan Sommer, David Clemens, Klaus Wallmann, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 17, 4663–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and matter (DOM) optical properties in pore waters and near-bottom waters of the eastern tropical South Pacific off Peru. The difference between diffusion-driven and net fluxes of DOC and DON and qualitative changes in DOM optical properties suggested active microbial utilisation of the released DOM at the sediment–water interface. Our results suggest that the sediment release of DOM contributes to microbial processes in the area.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld
Biogeosciences, 17, 3545–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Anoxic sediments mostly contain much more organic matter than oxic ones, and therefore organic matter in anoxic settings is often considered to be preserved better than in oxic settings. However, through the analysis of the same fossil dinoflagellate cyst species from both oxic and anoxic settings, we show that at a molecular level the preservation in the oxic sediments may be better since in the anoxic setting the cyst macromolecule has been altered by postdepositional modification.
Jingjing Guo, Miriam Glendell, Jeroen Meersmans, Frédérique Kirkels, Jack J. Middelburg, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
Zhuo-Yi Zhu, Joanne Oakes, Bradley Eyre, Youyou Hao, Edwin Sien Aun Sia, Shan Jiang, Moritz Müller, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2473–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Samples were collected in August 2016 in the Rajang River and its estuary, with tropical forest in the river basin and peatland in the estuary. Organic matter composition was influenced by transportation in the river basin, whereas peatland added clear biodegraded parts to the fluvial organic matter, which implies modification of the initial lability and/or starting points in the subsequent degradation and alternation processes after the organic matter enters the sea.
Wenjie Xiao, Yasong Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Xi Zhang, Linlin Shi, and Yunping Xu
Biogeosciences, 17, 2135–2148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The hadal zone (6–11 km depth) is the least explored habitat on Earth. We studied microbial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. One unique feature is the strong predominance of 6-methyl brGDGT, which likely reflects an adaption of brGDGT-producing bacteria to alkaline seawater and low temperature. BrGDGTs, with elemental and isotopic data, suggest an autochthonous product for brGDGT. A new approach is proposed for brGDGT sourcing.
Yuge Bai, Edisson Subdiaga, Stefan B. Haderlein, Heike Knicker, and Andreas Kappler
Biogeosciences, 17, 683–698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biogeochemical processes of SOM are key for greenhouse gas emission and water quality. We extracted SOM by water or by NaOH–HCl under oxic–anoxic conditions. Chemical and anoxic extractions lead to higher SOM electron exchange capacities, resulting in stimulation of microbial Fe(III) reduction. Therefore, aqueous pH-neutral SOM extracts should be used to reflect environmental SOM redox processes, and artifacts of chemical extractions need to be considered when evaluating SOM redox processes.
Yan Shen, Volker Thiel, Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, and Joachim Reitner
Biogeosciences, 17, 649–666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Today, sterols are widespread in plants, animals, and fungi but are almost absent in the oldest rocks. Microbial mats, representing the earliest complex ecosystems on Earth, were omnipresent in Precambrian marine environments and may have degraded the sterols at that time. Here we analyze the distribution of sterols through a microbial mat. This provides insight into how variations in biological and nonbiological factors affect the preservation of sterols in modern and ancient microbial mats.
Sarah Coffinet, Travis B. Meador, Lukas Mühlena, Kevin W. Becker, Jan Schröder, Qing-Zeng Zhu, Julius S. Lipp, Verena B. Heuer, Matthew P. Crump, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Biogeosciences, 17, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study deals with two membrane lipids called BDGTs and PDGTs. Membrane lipids are molecules forming the cell envelope of all organisms. Different organisms produce different lipids thus they can be used to detect the presence of specific organisms in the environment. We analyzed the structure of these new lipids and looked for potential producers. We found that they are likely made by microbes emitting methane below the sediment surface and could be used to track these specific microbes.
Ying Wu, Kun Zhu, Jing Zhang, Moritz Müller, Shan Jiang, Aazani Mujahid, Mohd Fakharuddin Muhamad, and Edwin Sien Aun Sia
Biogeosciences, 16, 4517–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our understanding of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) in tropical peat-draining rivers remains limited, especially in Southeast Asia. We explored the characteristics of TOM via bulk parameters and lignin phenols of sediment in Malaysia. This showed that the most important plant source of the organic matter in these rivers is woody angiosperm C3 plants with limited diagenetic alteration. This slower degradation of TOM may be a link to higher total nitrogen content, especially for the small river.
Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Sylvain Agostini, Ben P. Harvey, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 16, 4451–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) in the atmosphere play an integral role in Earth system dynamics, especially climate. Past climates help us understand future ones, but reconstructing pCO2 over the geologic record remains a challenge. This research demonstrates new approaches for exploring past pCO2 via the carbon isotope fractionation in general algal lipids, which we test over a high CO2 gradient from a naturally occurring CO2 seep.
Yongli Zhou, Patrick Martin, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 16, 2733–2749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We found that peatlands in coastal Sarawak, Borneo, export extremely humified organic matter, which dominates the riverine organic matter pool and conservatively mixes with seawater, while the freshly produced fraction is low and stable in concentration at all salinities. We estimated that terrigenous fractions, which showed high photolability, still account for 20 % of the coastal dissolved organic carbon pool, implying the importance of peat-derived organic matter in the coastal carbon cycle.
Kristin Doering, Claudia Ehlert, Philippe Martinez, Martin Frank, and Ralph Schneider
Biogeosciences, 16, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019, 2019
Alexandra N. Loginova, Sören Thomsen, Marcus Dengler, Jan Lüdke, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 2033–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High primary production in the Peruvian upwelling system is followed by rapid heterotrophic utilization of organic matter and supports the formation of one of the most intense oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world. Here, we estimated vertical fluxes of oxygen and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the surface to the OMZ. Our results suggest that DOM remineralization substantially reduces oxygen concentration in the upper water column and controls the shape of the upper oxycline.
Carolina Cisternas-Novoa, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 927–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the composition and vertical fluxes of POM in two deep basins of the Baltic Sea (GB: Gotland Basin and LD: Landsort Deep). The two basins showed different O2 regimes resulting from the intrusion of oxygen-rich water from the North Sea that ventilated the deep waters in GB, but not in LD.
In GB, O2 intrusions lead to a high abundance of manganese oxides that aggregate with POM, altering its composition and vertical flux and contributing to a higher POC transfer efficiency in GB.
Marina Zamanillo, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Sdena Nunes, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Manuel Dall'Osto, Marta Estrada, Maria Montserrat Sala, and Rafel Simó
Biogeosciences, 16, 733–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-733-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Many marine microorganisms produce polysaccharide-rich transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) for rather unknown reasons but with important consequences for the ocean carbon cycle, sea–air gas exchange and formation of organic aerosols. Here we compare surface–ocean distributions of TEPs and physical, chemical and biological variables along a N–S transect in the Atlantic Ocean. Our data suggest that phytoplankton and not bacteria are the main TEP producers, and solar radiation acts as a sink.
Michael Philben, Sara Butler, Sharon A. Billings, Ronald Benner, Kate A. Edwards, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 15, 6731–6746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6731-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6731-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between chemical composition and the temperature sensitivity of moss decomposition using 959-day lab incubations. Mass loss was low despite the predominance of carbohydrates, indicating the persistence of labile C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed little change in the moss cell-wall structure. These results suggest that the moss cell-wall matrix protects labile C from decomposition, contributing to the globally important stocks of moss-derived C.
Yinghui Wang, Robert G. M. Spencer, David C. Podgorski, Anne M. Kellerman, Harunur Rashid, Phoebe Zito, Wenjie Xiao, Dandan Wei, Yuanhe Yang, and Yunping Xu
Biogeosciences, 15, 6637–6648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6637-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6637-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
With global warming, thawing of permafrost releases dissolved organic matter (DOM) into streams. By analyzing DOM along an alpine stream on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, we found DOM was mainly from the active layer, but with deepening of the active layer, the contribution of the deep permafrost layer increased, causing a change in the chemical composition of DOM. From the head- to downstream, DOM is undergoing rapid degradation, but some components are persistent and can be transported downstream.
Sergio Balzano, Julie Lattaud, Laura Villanueva, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Judith van Bleijswijk, Nicole Bale, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 5951–5968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5951-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5951-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We tried to identify the microbes which biosynthesize a class of lipids widespread in seawater, the long chain alkyl diols (LCDs). We could not find any microorganism likely involved in the production of LCDs. The amounts of LCDs found are too high to be produced by living organisms and are likely to be part of the refractory organic matter persisting for long periods in the water column.
Julie Lattaud, Frédérique Kirkels, Francien Peterse, Chantal V. Freymond, Timothy I. Eglinton, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Sergio Balzano, Laura Villanueva, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 4147–4161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-chain diols (LCDs) are biomarkers that occur widespread in marine environments and also in lakes and rivers. In this study, we looked at the distribution of LCDs in three river systems (Godavari, Danube, and Rhine) in relation to season, precipitation, and temperature. We found out that the LCDs are likely being produced in calm areas of the river systems and that marine LCDs have a different distribution than riverine LCDs.
Marcel Bliedtner, Imke K. Schäfer, Roland Zech, and Hans von Suchodoletz
Biogeosciences, 15, 3927–3936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3927-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3927-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we systematically analyze leaf wax derived n-alkane patterns in eastern Georgia to test their potential for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the semi-humid to semi-arid central southern Caucasus region. We investigated the influence of vegetation types on the leaf wax signal in modern plants and topsoil material. Our results show distinct and systematic differences in the n-alkane patterns between vegetation types and prove their potential for vegetation reconstructions.
Mathieu Rembauville, Stéphane Blain, Clara Manno, Geraint Tarling, Anu Thompson, George Wolff, and Ian Salter
Biogeosciences, 15, 3071–3084, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3071-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3071-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Sinking phytoplankton from the surface ocean provide the principal energy source to deep-ocean ecosystems. Our aim was to understand how different phytoplankton communities impact the chemical nature of this sinking material. We show certain types of phytoplankton can preferentially export energy-rich storage compounds to the seafloor. Any climate-driven effects on phytoplankton community structure could thus impact remote deep-ocean ecosystems thousands of kilometres beneath the surface.
Xiaocong Wei, Xiangwen Deng, Wenhua Xiang, Pifeng Lei, Shuai Ouyang, Hongfang Wen, and Liang Chen
Biogeosciences, 15, 2991–3002, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2991-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Karst is a kind of typical calcium-rich environment, which is widely distributed. We measured the Ca2+ content of 41 plant species, as well as soil total Ca2+ and exchange Ca2+. We found out that different plants have different ways to high Ca2+ adaptation. According to the different high Ca2+ adaptation of the 17 dominant species, we divided them into 3 categories: Ca-indifferent plants, high-Ca plants and low-Ca plants. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration.
Janina G. Stapel, Georg Schwamborn, Lutz Schirrmeister, Brian Horsfield, and Kai Mangelsdorf
Biogeosciences, 15, 1969–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1969-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1969-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming in the Arctic results in thawing of permafrost deposits. This promotes the accessibility of freeze-locked old organic matter (OM) accumulated during the past. Characterizing OM of different depositional ages, we were able to show that OM from last glacial Yedoma deposits possess the highest potential to provide organic substrates such as acetate for microbial greenhouse gas production and therefore to accelerate the carbon–climate feedback cycle during ongoing global warming.
Cited articles
Addor, N., Jaun, S., Fundel, F., and Zappa, M.: An operational hydrological
ensemble prediction system for the city of Zurich (Switzerland): skill, case
studies and scenarios, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2327–2347,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2327-2011, 2011.
Asselman, N. E. M.: Fitting and interpretation of sediment rating curves, J.
Hydrol., 234, 228–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00253-5,
2000.
Attermeyer, K., Catalán, N., Einarsdottir, K., Freixa, A., Groeneveld,
M., Hawkes, J. A., Bergquist, J., and Tranvik, L. J.: Organic Carbon
Processing During Transport Through Boreal Inland Waters: Particles as
Important Sites, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 123, 2412–2428,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004500, 2018.
Aufdenkampe, A. K., Mayorga, E., Raymond, P. A., Melack, J. M., Doney, S.
C., Alin, S. R., Aalto, R. E., and Yoo, K.: Riverine coupling of
biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere, Front. Ecol.
Environ., 9, 53–60, https://doi.org/10.1890/100014, 2011.
Batibeniz, F., Ashfaq, M., Önol, B., Turuncoglu, U. U., Mehmood, S., and
Evans, K. J.: Identification of major moisture sources across the
Mediterranean Basin, Clim. Dynam., 54, 4109–4127,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05224-3, 2020.
Battin, T. J.: Hydrologic flow paths control dissolved organic carbon fluxes
and metabolism in an alpine stream hyporheic zone, Water Resour. Res., 35,
3159–3169, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900144, 1999.
Battin, T. J., Luyssaert, S., Kaplan, L. A., Aufdenkampe, A. K., Richter,
A., and Tranvik, L. J.: The boundless carbon cycle, Nat. Geosci., 2, 598–600,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo618, 2009.
Bauer, J. E. and Bianchi, T. S.: Dissolved Organic Carbon Cycling and
Transformation, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Vol. 5,
Elsevier Inc., 7–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00502-7,
2012.
Bezzola, G. R. and Hegg, C. (Eds.): Ereignisanalyse Hochwasser 2005, Teil 1 –
Prozessse, Schäden und erste Einordnung, Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU, Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt WSL. Umwelt-Wissen, 0707, 215,
2007.
Bianchi, T. S. and Bauer, J. E.: Particulate Organic Carbon Cycling and
Transformation, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Vol. 5,
Elsevier Inc., 69–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00503-9,
2012.
Blair, N. E. and Aller, R. C.: The Fate of Terrestrial Organic Carbon in the
Marine Environment, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 4, 401–423,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142717, 2012.
Blair, N. E., Leithold, E. L., Ford, S. T., Peeler, K. A., Holmes, J. C.,
and Perkey, D. W.: The persistence of memory: The fate of ancient
sedimentary organic carbon in a modern sedimentary system, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Ac., 67, 63–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01043-8, 2003.
Blattmann, T. M., Wang, S. L., Lupker, M., Märki, L., Haghipour, N.,
Wacker, L., Chung, L. H., Bernasconi, S. M., Plötze, M., and Eglinton,
T. I.: Sulphuric acid-mediated weathering on Taiwan buffers geological
atmospheric carbon sinks, Sci. Rep., 9, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39272-5, 2019.
Boston, H. L. and Hill, W. R.: Photosynthesis-light relations of stream
periphyton communities, Limnol. Oceanogr, 36, 644–656, 1991.
Bouchez, J., Beyssac, O., Galy, V. v., Gaillardet, J. J., France-Lanord, C.,
Maurice, L., Moreira, and Moreira-Turcq, P.: Oxidation of petrogenic organic
carbon in the Amazon floodplain as a source of atmospheric CO2,
Geology, 38, 255–258, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30608.1, 2010.
Breiman, L.: Random Forests, Mach. Learn., 45, 5–32,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62008-0_5, 2001.
Broecker, W. S. and Walton, A.: The Geochemistry of 14C in Freshwater
Systems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 16, 15–38, 1959.
Butman, D. E., Wilson, H. F., Barnes, R. T., Xenopoulos, M. A., and Raymond,
P. A.: Increased mobilization of aged carbon to rivers by human disturbance,
Nat. Geosci., 8, 112–116, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2322, 2015.
Carey, A. E., Gardner, C. B., Goldsmith, S. T., Lyons, W. B., and Hicks, D.
M.: Organic carbon yields from small, mountainous rivers, New Zealand,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023159, 2005.
Chikaraishi, Y.: 13C
Choubin, B., Darabi, H., Rahmati, O., Sajedi-Hosseini, F., and Kløve, B.:
River suspended sediment modelling using the CART model: A comparative study
of machine learning techniques, Sci. Total Environ., 615,
272–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.293, 2018.
Cohn, T. A.: Recent advances in statistical methods for the estimation of
sediment and nutrient transport in rivers, Rev. Geophys., 33,
1117–1123, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00292, 1995.
Cole, J. J., Prairie, Y. T., Caraco, N. F., McDowell, W. H., Tranvik, L. J.,
Striegl, R. G., Duarte, C. M., Kortelainen, P., Downing, J. A., Middelburg,
J. J., and Melack, J.: Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland
waters into the terrestrial carbon budget, Ecosystems, 10, 171–184,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8, 2007.
Coynel, A., Etcheber, H., Abril, G., Maneux, E., Dumas, J., and Hurtrez, J.
E.: Contribution of small mountainous rivers to particulate organic carbon
input in the Bay of Biscay, Biogeochemistry, 74, 151–171,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-3362-1, 2005.
Csiki, S. and Rhoads, B. L.: Hydraulic and geomorphological effects of
run-of-river dams, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 34, 755–780,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133310369435, 2010.
Doppler, T., Franssen, H. J. H., Kaiser, H. P., Kuhlman, U., and Stauffer,
F.: Field evidence of a dynamic leakage coefficient for modelling
river-aquifer interactions, J. Hydrol., 347, 177–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.017, 2007.
Douglas, P. M. J., Stratigopoulos, E., Park, S., and Keenan, B.: Spatial
differentiation of sediment organic matter isotopic composition and inferred
sources in a temperate forest lake catchment, Chem. Geol., 603, 120887,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120887, 2022.
Drake, T. W., van Oost, K., Barthel, M., Bauters, M., Hoyt, A. M.,
Podgorski, D. C., Six, J., Boeckx, P., Trumbore, S. E., Cizungu Ntaboba, L.,
and Spencer, R. G. M.: Mobilization of aged and biolabile soil carbon by
tropical deforestation, Nat. Geosci., 12, 541–546,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9, 2019.
Drucker, H., Surges, C. J. C., Kaufman, L., Smola, A., and Vapnik, V.:
Support vector regression machines, in: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems: Proceedings of the 1996 Conference, Vol. 9, 155—161, Mit Press, ISBN: 9780262100656, 1997.
Duan, N.: Smearing estimate: A nonparametric retransformation method, J. Am.
Stat. Assoc., 78, 605–610, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1983.10478017,
1983.
Feng, X., Feakins, S. J., Liu, Z., Ponton, C., Wang, R. Z., Karkabi, E.,
Galy, V., Berelson, W. M., Nottingham, A. T., Meir, P., and West, A. J.:
Source to sink: Evolution of lignin composition in the Madre de Dios River
system with connection to the Amazon basin and offshore, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 121, 1316–1338,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003323, 2016.
Ferguson, R. I.: River Loads Underestimated by Rating Curves, Water Resour.
Res., 22, 74–76, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i001p00074, 1986.
Fernandez, I., Mahieu, N., and Cadisch, G.: Carbon isotopic fractionation
during decomposition of plant materials of different quality, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001834, 2003.
Fox, P. M., Bill, M., Heckman, K., Conrad, M., Anderson, C., Keiluweit, M.,
and Nico, P. S.: Shale as a Source of Organic Carbon in Floodplain Sediments
of a Mountainous Watershed, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 125, 1–21,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005419, 2020.
von Freyberg, J., Allen, S. T., Seeger, S., Weiler, M., and Kirchner, J. W.:
Sensitivity of young water fractions to hydro-climatic forcing and landscape
properties across 22 Swiss catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst Sci., 22,
3841–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3841-2018, 2018.
Freymond, C. v., Lupker, M., Peterse, F., Haghipour, N., Wacker, L., Filip,
F., Giosan, L., and Eglinton, T. I.: Constraining Instantaneous Fluxes and
Integrated Compositions of Fluvially Discharged Organic Matter,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 19, 2453–2462,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007539, 2018.
Galy, V. and Eglinton, T.: Protracted storage of biospheric carbon in the
Ganges-Brahmaputra basin, Nat. Geosci., 4, 843–847,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1293, 2011.
Galy, V., France-Lanord, C., and Lartiges, B.: Loading and fate of
particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 1767–1787,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.027, 2008.
Gelman, A. and Rubin, D. B.: Inference form Iterative Simulation Using
Multiple Sequences, Stat. Sci., 7, 457–472, 1992.
Geweke, J.: Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches to the calculation of posterior moments, Staff Report, 148, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 30 pp., 1991.
Gies, H., Lupker, M., Wick, S., Haghipour, N., Buggle, B., and Eglinton, T.:
Discharge-Modulated Soil Organic Carbon Export From Temperate Mountainous
Headwater Streams, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 127, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006624, 2022.
Golly, A., Turowski, J. M., Badoux, A., and Hovius, N.: Controls and
feedbacks in the coupling of mountain channels and hillslopes, Geology, 45,
307–310, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38831.1, 2017.
Gomez, B., Baisden, W. T., and Rogers, K. M.: Variable composition of
particle-bound organic carbon in steepland river systems, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 115, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001713, 2010.
Goñi, M. A., Hatten, J. A., Wheatcroft, R. A., and Borgeld, J. C.:
Particulate organic matter export by two contrasting small mountainous
rivers from the Pacific Northwest, USA, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 118,
112–134, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20024, 2013.
Goñi, M. A., Moore, E., Kurtz, A., Portier, E., Alleau, Y., and Merrell,
D.: Organic matter compositions and loadings in soils and sediments along
the Fly River, Papua New Guinea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 140, 275–296,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.034, 2014.
Griffith, D. R., Barnes, R. T., and Raymond, P. A.: Inputs of fossil carbon
from wastewater treatment plants to U.S. Rivers and oceans, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 43, 5647–5651, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9004043, 2009.
Grill, G., Lehner, B., Thieme, M., Geenen, B., Tickner, D., Antonelli, F.,
Babu, S., Borrelli, P., Cheng, L., Crochetiere, H., Ehalt Macedo, H.,
Filgueiras, R., Goichot, M., Higgins, J., Hogan, Z., Lip, B., McClain, M.
E., Meng, J., Mulligan, M., Nilsson, C., Olden, J. D., Opperman, J. J.,
Petry, P., Reidy Liermann, C., Sáenz, L., Salinas-Rodríguez, S.,
Schelle, P., Schmitt, R. J. P., Snider, J., Tan, F., Tockner, K., Valdujo,
P. H., van Soesbergen, A., and Zarfl, C.: Mapping the world's free-flowing
rivers, Nature, 569, 215–221, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1111-9,
2019.
Hagedorn, F., Bucher, J. B., and Schleppi, P.: Contrasting dynamics of
dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil and surface waters of
forested catchments with Gleysols, Geoderma, 100, 173–192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00085-9, 2001.
Haghipour, N., Ausin, B., Usman, M. O., Ishikawa, N., Wacker, L., Welte, C.,
Ueda, K., and Eglinton, T. I.: Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Analysis by
Elemental Analyzer-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Precision and Limitations,
Anal. Chem., 91, 2042–2049, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04491,
2019.
Hari, V., Rakovec, O., Markonis, Y., Hanel, M., and Kumar, R.: Increased
future occurrences of the exceptional 2018–2019 Central European drought
under global warming, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68872-9, 2020.
Harmon, M. E., Franklin, J. F., Swanson, F. J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S. v.,
Lattin, J. D., Anderson, N. H., Cline, S. P., Aumen, N. G., Sedell, J. R.,
Lienkaemper, G. W., Cromack, K., and Cummins, K. W.: Ecology of Coarse Woody
Debris in Temperate Ecosystems, Adv. Ecol. Res., 15, 133–302,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(03)34002-4, 1986.
Harvey, H. R., Tuttle, J. H., and Bell, J. T.: Kinetics of phytoplankton
decay during simulated sedimentation: Changes in biochemical composition and
microbial activity under oxic and anoxic conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
59, 3367–3377, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00217-N, 1995.
Hatten, J. A., Goñi, M. A., and Wheatcroft, R. A.: Chemical
characteristics of particulate organic matter from a small, mountainous
river system in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, Biogeochemistry, 107, 43–66,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9529-z, 2012.
Hedges, J. I., Clark, W. A., Quay, P. D., Richey, J. E., Devol, A. H., and
Santos, U. D. M.: Compositions and fluxes of particulate organic material in
the Amazon River, Limnol. Oceanogr., 31, 717–738,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.4.0717, 1986.
Hedges, J. I., Mayorga, E., Tsamakis, E., McClain, M. E., Aufdenkampe, A.,
Quay, P., Richey, J. E., Benner, R., Opsahl, S., Black, B., Pimentel, T.,
Quintanilla, J., and Maurice, L.: Organic matter in Bolivian tributaries of
the Amazon River: A comparison to the lower mainstream, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45,
1449–1466, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.7.1449, 2000.
Hemingway, J. D., Schefuß, E., Spencer, R. G. M., Dinga, B. J.,
Eglinton, T. I., McIntyre, C., and Galy, V. v.: Hydrologic controls on
seasonal and inter-annual variability of Congo River particulate organic
matter source and reservoir age, Chem. Geol., 466, 454–465,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.06.034, 2017.
Herrmann, N., Boom, A., Carr, A. S., Chase, B. M., Granger, R., Hahn, A.,
Zabel, M., and Schefuß, E.: Sources, transport and deposition of
terrestrial organic material: A case study from southwestern Africa, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 149, 215–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.028,
2016.
Hilton, R. G., Galy, A., and Hovius, N.: Riverine particulate organic carbon
from an active mountain belt: Importance of landslides, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 22, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002905, 2008a.
Hilton, R. G., Galy, A., Hovius, N., Chen, M.-C., Horng, M.-J., and Chen,
H.: Tropical-cyclone-driven erosion of the terrestrial biosphere from
mountains, Nat. Geosci., 1, 759–762, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo333, 2008b.
Hilton, R. G., Galy, A., Hovius, N., Horng, M. J., and Chen, H.: The
isotopic composition of particulate organic carbon in mountain rivers of
Taiwan, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 3164–3181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.03.004, 2010.
Hilton, R. G., Galy, A., Hovius, N., Horng, M. J., and Chen, H.: Efficient
transport of fossil organic carbon to the ocean by steep mountain rivers: An
orogenic carbon sequestration mechanism, Geology, 39, 71–74,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G31352.1, 2011a.
Hilton, R. G., Meunier, P., Hovius, N., Bellingham, P. J., and Galy, A.:
Landslide impact on organic carbon cycling in a temperate montane forest,
Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 36, 1670–1679, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2191,
2011b.
Hilton, R. G., Galy, A., Hovius, N., Kao, S. J., Horng, M. J., and Chen, H.:
Climatic and geomorphic controls on the erosion of terrestrial biomass from
subtropical mountain forest, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004314, 2012.
Hilton, R. G., Turowski, J. M., Winnick, M., Dellinger, M., Schleppi, P.,
Williams, K. H., Lawrence, C. R., Maher, K., West, M., and Hayton, A.:
Concentration-Discharge Relationships of Dissolved Rhenium in Alpine
Catchments Reveal Its Use as a Tracer of Oxidative Weathering, Water Resour.
Res., 57, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029844, 2021.
Hovius, N., Stark, C. P., Hao-Tsu, C., and Jiun-Chuan, L.: Supply and
removal of sediment in a landslide-dominated mountain belt: Central Range,
Taiwan, J. Geol., 108, 73–89, https://doi.org/10.1086/314387,
2000.
Hua, Q., Turnbull, J. C., Santos, G. M., Rakowski, A. Z., Ancapichún,
S., de Pol-Holz, R., Hammer, S., Lehman, S. J., Levin, I., Miller, J. B.,
Palmer, J. G., and Turney, C. S. M.: Atmospheric radiocarbon for the period
1950–2019, Radiocarbon, 64, 723–745, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2021.95,
2022.
Inamdar, S., Singh, S., Dutta, S., Levia, D., Mitchell, M., Scott, D., Bais,
H., and McHale, P.: Fluorescence characteristics and sources of dissolved
organic matter for stream water during storm events in a forested
mid-Atlantic watershed, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 116, 1–23,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001735, 2011.
Inamdar, S., Finger, N., Singh, S., Mitchell, M., Levia, D., Bais, H.,
Scott, D., and McHale, P.: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and
quality in a forested mid-Atlantic watershed, USA, Biogeochemistry, 108,
55–76, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9572-4, 2012.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C.,
Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K.,
Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O.,
Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2391 pp., 2021.
Jaun, S. and Ahrens, B.: Evaluation of a probabilistic hydrometeorological forecast system, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1031–1043, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1031-2009, 2009.
Jochner, M., Turowski, J. M., Badoux, A., Stoffel, M., and Rickli, C.: The
role of log jams and exceptional flood events in mobilizing coarse
particulate organic matter in a steep headwater stream, Earth Surf.
Dynam., 3, 311–320, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-311-2015, 2015.
Kahraman, A., Kendon, E. J., Chan, S. C., and Fowler, H. J.:
Quasi-Stationary Intense Rainstorms Spread Across Europe Under Climate
Change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092361, 2021.
Känel, B., Götz, C., Niederhauser, P., Sinniger, J., and Steinmann,
P.: Zustand der Fliessgewässer von Limmat, Sihl und Zürichsee –
Messkampagne 2020, 12 pp., Kanton Zürich Baudirektion, Amt für Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft, 2021.
Kao, S. J. and Liu, K. K.: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope systematics in
a human disturbed watershed (Lanyang-Hsi) in Taiwan and the estimation of
biogenic particulate organic carbon and nitrogen fluxes, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 14, 189–198, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900079, 2000.
Karpatne, A., Ebert-Uphoff, I., Ravela, S., Babaie, H. A., and Kumar, V.:
Machine Learning for the Geosciences: Challenges and Opportunities, IEEE
Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., 31, 1544–1554,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2018.2861006, 2019.
Keaveney, E. M. and Reimer, P. J.: Understanding the variability in
freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets: A cautionary tale, J. Archaeol. Sci.,
39, 1306–1316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.025, 2012.
Keller, H. M. and Weibel, P.: Suspended Sediments in Streamwater –
Indicators of Erosion and Bed Load Transport in Mountainous Basins. IAHS
Publication No. 203, in: Sediment and Stream Water Quality in a Changing
Environment: Trends and Explanation, 53–61, IAHS Press, Institue of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, ISBN: 0-947571-08-6, 1991.
Kohn, M. J.: Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as
indicators of (paleo)ecology and (paleo)climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
107, 19691–5, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004933107, 2010.
Komada, T., Druffel, E. R. M., and Trumbore, S. E.: Oceanic export of relict
carbon by small mountainous rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019512, 2004.
Korup, O. and Schlunegger, F.: Rock-type control on erosion-induced uplift,
eastern Swiss Alps, Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 278, 278–285,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.012, 2009.
Lang, S. Q., Bernasconi, S. M., and Früh-Green, G. L.: Stable isotope
analysis of organic carbon in small (µg C) samples and dissolved
organic matter using a GasBench preparation device, Rapid Commun.
Mass Sp., 26, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5287, 2012.
Lang, S. Q., Mcintyre, C. P., Bernasconi, S. M., Früh-Green, G. L.,
Voss, B. M., Eglinton, T. I., and Wacker, L.: Rapid 14C Analysis of
Dissolved Organic Carbon in Non-Saline Waters, Radiocarbon, 58, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.17, 2016.
Lauerwald, R., Laruelle, G. G., Hartmann, J., Ciais, P., and Regnier, P. A.
G.: Spatial patterns in CO2 evasion from the global river network,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 534–554,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004941, 2015.
Lauerwald, R., Regnier, P., Guenet, B., Friedlingstein, P., and Ciais, P.:
How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial
Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin, One Earth, 3, 226–236,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009, 2020.
LeGrande, A. N. and Schmidt, G. A.: Global gridded data set of the oxygen
isotopic composition in seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026011, 2006.
Lehmann, J. and Kleber, M.: The contentious nature of soil organic matter,
Nature, 528, 60–68, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16069, 2015.
Lehmann, M. F., Bernasconi, S. M., Barbieri, A., and Mckenzie, J. A.:
Preservation of organic matter and alteration of its carbon and nitrogen
isotope composition during simulated and in situ early sedimentary
diagenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 3573–3584,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00968-7, 2002.
Lehmann, M. F., Bernasconi, S. M., Barbieri, A., Simona, M., and McKenzie,
J. A.: Interannual variation of the isotopic composition of sedimenting
organic carbon and nitrogen in Lake Lugano: A long-term sediment trap study,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.3.0839,
2004.
Leithold, E. L., Blair, N. E., and Perkey, D. W.: Geomorphologic controls on
the age of particulate organic carbon from small mountainous and upland
rivers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002677, 2006.
Leithold, E. L., Blair, N. E., and Wegmann, K. W.: Source-to-sink
sedimentary systems and global carbon burial: A river runs through it, Earth
Sci. Rev., 153, 30–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.011, 2016.
Li, M., Peng, C., Zhou, X., Yang, Y., Guo, Y., Shi, G., and Zhu, Q.:
Modeling Global Riverine DOC Flux Dynamics From 1951 to 2015, J. Adv. Model
Earth Syst., 11, 514–530, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001363, 2019.
Longworth, B. E., Petsch, S. T., Raymond, P. A., and Bauer, J. E.: Linking
lithology and land use to sources of dissolved and particulate organic
matter in headwaters of a temperate, passive-margin river system, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 4233–4250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.056,
2007.
Lyons, W. B., Nezat, C. A., Carey, A. E., and Hicks, D. M.: Organic carbon
fluxes to the ocean from high-standing islands, Geology, 30, 443–446,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0443:OCFTTO>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Marwick, T. R., Borges, A. V., van Acker, K., Darchambeau, F., and Bouillon,
S.: Disproportionate Contribution of Riparian Inputs to Organic Carbon Pools
in Freshwater Systems, Ecosystems, 17, 974–989,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9772-6, 2014.
Marwick, T. R., Tammoh, F., Teodoru, C. R., v. Borges, A., Darchambeau, F.,
and Bouillon, S.: The age of river-transported carbon: A global perspective,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 122–137,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004911, 2015.
Masiello, A. and Druffel, E. R. M.: Carbon isotope geochemistry of the Santa
Clara River, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 407–416, 2001.
Mayorga, E., Aufdenkampe, A. K., Masiello, C. A., Krusche, A. v., Hedges, J.
I., Quay, P. D., Richey, J. E., and Brown, T. A.: Young organic matter as a
source of carbon dioxide outgassing from Amazonian rivers, Nature, 436,
538–541, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03880, 2005.
McCallister, S. L., Bauer, J. E., Cherrier, J. E., and Ducklow, H. W.:
Assessing sources and ages of organic matter supporting river and estuarine
bacterial production: A multiple-isotope (Δ14C, δ13C, and δ15N) approach, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 1687–1702,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1687, 2004.
McCulloch, W. S. and Pitts, W.: A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in
nervous activity, Bull. Mathemat. Biophys., 5, 115–133,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01370-7_61, 1943.
McIntyre, C. P., Lechleitner, F., Lang, S. Q., Haghiour, N., Fahrni, S.,
Wacker, L., and Synal, H. A.: 14C Contamination Testing in Natural
Abundance Laboratories: A New Preparation Method Using Wet Chemical
Oxidation and Some Experiences, Radiocarbon, 58, 935–941,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.78, 2016.
Medeiros, P. M., Sikes, E. L., Thomas, B., and Freeman, K. H.: Flow
discharge influences on input and transport of particulate and sedimentary
organic carbon along a small temperate river, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 77,
317–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.020, 2012.
Milliman, J. D. and Farnsworth, K. L.: River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean.
A global synthesis, 2nd Edn.,Cambridge, New
York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Dehli, Tokyo,
Mexico City, 384 pp., Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 978-0-521-87987-3, 2013.
Milliman, J. D. and Syvitski, J. P. M.: Geomorphic/Tectonic Control of
Sediment Discharge to the Ocean: The Importance of Small Mountainous Rivers,
J. Geol., 100, 525–544, https://doi.org/10.1086/629606, 1992.
Milzow, C., Molnar, P., McArdell, B. W., and Burlando, P.: Spatial
organization in the step-pool structure of a steep mountain stream
(Vogelbach, Switzerland), Water Resour. Res., 42, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003870, 2006.
Moore, S., Evans, C. D., Page, S. E., Garnett, M. H., Jones, T. G., Freeman,
C., Hooijer, A., Wiltshire, A. J., Limin, S. H., and Gauci, V.: Deep
instability of deforested tropical peatlands revealed by fluvial organic
carbon fluxes, Nature, 493, 660–663, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11818,
2013.
Myhre, G., Alterskjær, K., Stjern, C. W., Hodnebrog, Marelle, L.,
Samset, B. H., Sillmann, J., Schaller, N., Fischer, E., Schulz, M., and
Stohl, A.: Frequency of extreme precipitation increases extensively with
event rareness under global warming, Sci. Rep., 9, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52277-4, 2019.
Nussbaum, M., Papritz, A., Baltensweiler, A., and Walthert, L.: Estimating
soil organic carbon stocks of Swiss forest soils by robust external-drift
kriging, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1197–1210,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1197-2014, 2014.
O'Leary, M. H.: Carbon Isotopes in Photosynthesis, Bioscience, 38, 328–336,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1310735, 1988.
Olyaie, E., Banejad, H., Chau, K. W., and Melesse, A. M.: A comparison of
various artificial intelligence approaches performance for estimating
suspended sediment load of river systems: a case study in United States,
Environ. Monit. Assess., 187, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4381-1, 2015.
Peters, W., Bastos, A., Ciais, P., and Vermeulen, A.: A historical,
geographical and ecological perspective on the 2018 European summer drought, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B, 375, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0505, 2020.
Petsch, S. T., Eglinton, T. I., and Edwards, K. J.: 14C-dead living
biomass: Evidence for microbial assimilation of ancient organic carbon
during shale weathering, Science, 292, 1127–1131,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058332, 2001.
Qiao, J., Bao, H., Huang, D., Li, D. W., Lee, T. Y., Huang, J. C., and Kao,
S. J.: Runoff-driven export of terrigenous particulate organic matter from a
small mountainous river: sources, fluxes and comparisons among different
rivers, Biogeochemistry, 147, 71–86,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00629-7, 2020.
Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E.: Use of 14C and 13C natural
abundances for evaluating riverine, estuarine, and coastal DOC and POC
sources and cycling: A review and synthesis, Org. Geochem., 32, 469–485,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00190-X, 2001.
Raymond, P. A., Bauer, J. E., Caraco, N. F., Cole, J. J., Longworth, B., and
Petsch, S. T.: Controls on the variability of organic matter and dissolved
inorganic carbon ages in northeast US rivers, Mar. Chem., 92, 353–366,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.036, 2004.
Raymond, P. A., Hartmann, J., Lauerwald, R., Sobek, S., McDonald, C.,
Hoover, M., Butman, D., Striegl, R., Mayorga, E., Humborg, C., Kortelainen,
P., Dürr, H., Meybeck, M., Ciais, P., and Guth, P.: Global carbon
dioxide emissions from inland waters, Nature, 503, 355–359,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12760, 2013.
Regnier, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Mackenzie, F. T., Gruber, N.,
Janssens, I. A., Laruelle, G. G., Lauerwald, R., Luyssaert, S., Andersson,
A. J., Arndt, S., Arnosti, C., Borges, A. v., Dale, A. W., Gallego-Sala, A.,
Goddéris, Y., Goossens, N., Hartmann, J., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Joos,
F., LaRowe, D. E., Leifeld, J., Meysman, F. J. R., Munhoven, G., Raymond, P.
A., Spahni, R., Suntharalingam, P., and Thullner, M.: Anthropogenic
perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean, Nat. Geosci., 6,
597–607, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1830, 2013.
Regnier, P., Resplandy, L., Najjar, R. G., and Ciais, P.: The land-to-ocean
loops of the global carbon cycle, Nature, 603, 401—410,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04339-9, 2022.
Reichstein, M., Camps-Valls, G., Stevens, B., Jung, M., Denzler, J.,
Carvalhais, N., and Prabhat: Deep learning and process understanding for
data-driven Earth system science, Nature, 566, 195–204,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0912-1, 2019.
Reimer, P. J., Brown, T. A., and Reimer, R. W.: Discussion: Reporting and
Calibration of Post-Bomb 14C Data, Radiocarbon, 46, 1290–1304,
2004.
Repasch, M., Scheingross, J. S., Hovius, N., Lupker, M., Wittmann, H.,
Haghipour, N., Gröcke, D. R., Orfeo, O., Eglinton, T. I., and Sachse,
D.: Fluvial organic carbon cycling regulated by sediment transit time and
mineral protection, Nat. Geosci., 14, 842–848,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00845-7, 2021.
Rickenmann, D., Turowski, J. M., Fritschi, B., Klaiber, A., and Ludwig, A.:
Bedload transport measurements at the Erlenbach stream with geophones and
automated basket samplers, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 37, 1000–1011,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3225, 2012.
Romaní, A. M., Guasch, H., Muñoz, I., Ruana, J., Vilalta, E.,
Schwartz, T., Emtiazi, F., and Sabater, S.: Biofilm structure and function
and possible implications for riverine DOC dynamics, Microb. Ecol., 47,
316–328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-2019-2, 2004.
Rowland, R., Inamdar, S., and Parr, T.: Evolution of particulate organic
matter (POM) along a headwater drainage: role of sources, particle size
class, and storm magnitude, Biogeochemistry, 133, 181–200,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0325-x, 2017.
Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Mazzorana, B., Bladé, E., Bürkli, L.,
Iribarren-Anacona, P., Mao, L., Nakamura, F., Ravazzolo, D., Rickenmann, D.,
Sanz-Ramos, M., Stoffel, M., and Wohl, E.: Characterization of wood-laden
flows in rivers, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 44, 1694–1709,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4603, 2019.
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., and Williams, R. J.: Learning
representations by back-propagating errors, Nature, 323, 533–536, 1986.
Scheingross, J. S., Hovius, N., Dellinger, M., Hilton, R. G., Repasch, M.,
Sachse, D., Gröcke, D. R., Vieth-Hillebrand, A., and Turowski, J. M.:
Preservation of organic carbon during active fluvial transport and particle
abrasion, Geology, 47, 958–962, https://doi.org/10.1130/G46442.1, 2019.
Scheingross, J. S., Repasch, M. N., Hovius, N., Sachse, D., Lupker, M.,
Fuchs, M., Halevy, I., Gröcke, D. R., Golombek, N. Y., Haghipour, N.,
Eglinton, T. I., Orfeo, O., and Schleicher, A. M.: The fate of
fluvially-deposited organic carbon during transient floodplain storage,
Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 561, 116822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116822,
2021.
Schleppi, P., Muller, N., Feyen, H., Papritz, A., Bucher, J. B. J. B.,
Fliihler, H., and Flühler, H.: Nitrogen budgets of two small
experimental forested catchments at Alptal, Switzerland, Forest Ecol. Manag.,
101, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00134-5, 1998.
Schleppi, P., Waldner, P. A., and Fritschi, B.: Accuracy and precision of
different sampling strategies and flux integration methods for runoff water:
Comparisons based on measurements of the electrical conductivity, Hydrol.
Process., 20, 395–410, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6057, 2006.
Schmidt, S., Alewell, C., Panagos, P., and Meusburger, K.: Regionalization
of monthly rainfall erosivity patternsin Switzerland, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.,
20, 4359–4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4359-2016, 2016.
Schmidt, S., Alewell, C., and Meusburger, K.: Monthly RUSLE soil erosion
risk of Swiss grasslands, J. Maps, 15, 247–256,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1585980, 2019.
Schuerch, P., Densmore, A. L., McArdell, B. W., and Molnar, P.: The
influence of landsliding on sediment supply and channel change in a steep
mountain catchment, Geomorphology, 78, 222–235,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.025, 2006.
Schuwirth, N., Kühni, M., Schweizer, S., Uehlinger, U., and Reichert,
P.: A mechanistic model of benthos community dynamics in the River Sihl,
Switzerland, Freshw. Biol., 53, 1372–1392,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.01970.x, 2008.
Schwab, M. S. S. and Gies, H.: Subalpine Sihl River Time-Series: Particulate and Dissolved Organic Carbon contents and Isotopic Compositions, Version 1.0. Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA) [data set], https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/112503, 2022.
Schwab, M. S., Hilton, R. G., Haghipour, N., Baronas, J. J., and Eglinton,
T. I.: Vegetal Undercurrents – Obscured Riverine Dynamics of Plant Debris, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 127, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jg006726, 2022.
Sharafati, A., Haji Seyed Asadollah, S. B., Motta, D., and Yaseen, Z. M.:
Application of newly developed ensemble machine learning models for daily
suspended sediment load prediction and related uncertainty analysis,
Hydrol. Sci. J., 65, 2022–2042,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1786571, 2020.
Smith, J. C., Galy, A., Hovius, N., Tye, A. M., Turowski, J. M., and
Schleppi, P.: Runoff-driven export of particulate organic carbon from soil
in temperate forested uplands, Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 365, 198–208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.027, 2013.
Spencer, R. G. M., Guo, W., Raymond, P. A., Dittmar, T., Hood, E., Fellman,
J., and Stubbins, A.: Source and biolability of ancient dissolved organic
matter in glacier and lake ecosystems on the Tibetan plateau, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 142, 64–74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.006,
2014.
Spreafico, M.: Environmental impact caused by reservoir sedimentation management – Experiences in the Rhine River Basin, Workshop on Reservoir Sedimentation Management Beijing, China, 2007.
Spreafico, M., Lehmann, Ch., Jakob, A., and Grasso, A.: Feststoffbeobachtung in der Schweiz – Ein Tätigkeitsgebiet der Landeshydrologie, Bereichte des Bundesamt für Wasser und Geologie, Serie Wasser, 9, Bern, 101 pp., ISSN 1660-0746, 2005.
Srivastava, N., Hinton, G., Krizhevsky, A., and Salakhutdinov, R.: Dropout:
A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting, J. Mach.
Learn. Res., 15, 1929–1958, 2014.
Stock, B. C. and Semmens, B. X.: MixSIAR GUI User Manual, Version 3.1., Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1209993, 2016.
Stock, B. C., Jackson, A. L., Ward, E. J., Parnell, A. C., Phillips, D. L.,
and Semmens, B. X.: Analyzing mixing systems using a new generation of
Bayesian tracer mixing models, PeerJ, 6:e5096,
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5096, 2018.
Stubbins, A., Hood, E., Raymond, P. A., Aiken, G. R., Sleighter, R. L.,
Hernes, P. J., Butman, D., Hatcher, P. G., Striegl, R. G., Schuster, P.,
Abdulla, H. A. N., Vermilyea, A. W., Scott, D. T., and Spencer, R. G. M.:
Anthropogenic aerosols as a source of ancient dissolved organic matter in
glaciers, Nat. Geosci., 5, 198–201, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1403, 2012.
Sutfin, N. A., Wohl, E. E., and Dwire, K. A.: Banking carbon: A review of
organic carbon storage and physical factors influencing retention in
floodplains and riparian ecosystems, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 41, 38–60,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3857, 2016.
Syvitski, J. P., Morehead, M. D., Bahr, D. B., and Mulder, T.: Estimating
fluvial sediment transport: The rating parameters, Water Resour. Res., 36,
2747–2760, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900133, 2000.
Talbot, C. J., Bennett, E. M., Cassell, K., Hanes, D. M., Minor, E. C.,
Paerl, H., Raymond, P. A., Vargas, R., Vidon, P. G., Wollheim, W., and
Xenopoulos, M. A.: The impact of flooding on aquatic ecosystem services,
Biogeochemistry, 141, 439–461, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0449-7,
2018.
Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J. A., Cotner, J. B., Loiselle, S. A., Striegl, R.
G., Ballatore, T. J., Dillon, P., Finlay, K., Fortino, K., Knoll, L. B.,
Kortelainen, P. L., Kutser, T., Larsen, S., Laurion, I., Leech, D. M., Leigh
McCallister, S., McKnight, D. M., Melack, J. M., Overholt, E., Porter, J.
A., Prairie, Y., Renwick, W. H., Roland, F., Sherman, B. S., Schindler, D.
W., Sobek, S., Tremblay, A., Vanni, M. J., Verschoor, A. M., von
Wachenfeldt, E., and Weyhenmeyer, G. A.: Lakes and reservoirs as regulators
of carbon cycling and climate, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 2298–2314,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2298, 2009.
Turowski, J. M., Yager, E. M., Badoux, A., Rickenmann, D., and Molnar, P.:
The impact of exceptional events on erosion, bedload transport and channel
stability in a step-pool channel, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 34, 613–628,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp, 2009.
Turowski, J. M., Badoux, A., and Rickenmann, D.: Start and end of bedload
transport in gravel-bed streams, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046558, 2011.
Turowski, J. M., Badoux, A., Bunte, K., Rickli, C., Federspiel, N., and
Jochner, M.: The mass distribution of coarse particulate organic matter
exported from an Alpine headwater stream, Earth Surf. Dynam., 1, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-1-1-2013, 2013.
Turowski, J. M., Hilton, R. G., and Sparkes, R.: Decadal carbon discharge by
a mountain stream is dominated by coarse organic matter, Geology, 44,
27–30, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37192.1, 2016.
Upadhayay, H. R., Bodé, S., Griepentrog, M., Huygens, D., Bajracharya,
R. M., Blake, W. H., Dercon, G., Mabit, L., Gibbs, M., Semmens, B. X.,
Stock, B. C., Cornelis, W., and Boeckx, P.: Methodological perspectives on
the application of compound-specific stable isotope fingerprinting for
sediment source apportionment, J. Soils Sediment., 17, 1537–1553, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4, 1
June 2017.
van der Voort, T. S., Hagedorn, F., McIntyre, C., Zell, C., Walthert, L.,
Schleppi, P., Feng, X., and Eglinton, T. I.: Variability in 14C
contents of soil organic matter at the plot and regional scale across
climatic and geologic gradients, Biogeosciences, 13, 3427–3439,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, 2016.
van Dongen, B. E., Schouten, S., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Carbon
isotope variability in monosaccharides and lipids of aquatic algae and
terrestrial plants, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 232, 83–92,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps232083, 2002.
van der Voort, T. S. van der, Mannu, U., Hagedorn, F., McIntyre, C. P.,
Walthert, L., Schleppi, P., Haghipour, N., and Eglinton, T. I.: Dynamics of
deep soil carbon – insights from 14C time series across a climatic
gradient, Biogeosciences, 16, 3233–3246,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, 2019.
von Wachenfeldt, E. and Tranvik, L. J.: Sedimentation in boreal lakes – The
role of flocculation of allochthonous dissolved organic matter in the water
column, Ecosystems, 11, 803–814, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9162-z,
2008.
Wacker, L., Bonani, G., Friedrich, M., Hajdas, I., Kromer, B., Nemec, M.,
Ruff, M., Suter, M., Synal, H., and Vockenhuber, C.: MICADAS: Routine and
High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating, Radiocarbon, 52, 252–262,
2010.
Walling, D. E.: Assessing the accuracy of suspended sediment rating curves
for a small basin, Water Resour. Res., 13, 531–538,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR013i003p00531, 1977.
Wang, G., Jia, Y., and Li, W.: Effects of environmental and biotic factors
on carbon isotopic fractionation during decomposition of soil organic
matter, Sci. Rep., 5, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11043, 2015.
Wang, J., Jin, Z., Hilton, R. G., Zhang, F., Li, G., Densmore, A. L.,
Gröcke, D. R., Xu, X., and Joshua West, A.: Earthquake-triggered
increase in biospheric carbon export from a mountain belt, Geology, 44,
471–474, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37533.1, 2016.
Waser, L. T., Ginzler, C., and Rehush, N.: Wall-to-Wall tree type mapping
from countrywide airborne remote sensing surveys, Remote Sens., 9, 1–24,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080766, 2017.
Werth, M. and Kuzyakov, Y.: 13C fractionation at the
root-microorganisms-soil interface: A review and outlook for partitioning
studies, Soil Biol. Biochem, 42, 1372–1384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.04.009, 2010.
West, A. J., Lin, C. W., Lin, T. C., Hilton, R. G., Liu, S. H., Chang, C.
T., Lin, K. C., Galy, A., Sparkes, R. B., and Hovius, N.: Mobilization and
transport of coarse woody debris to the oceans triggered by an extreme
tropical storm, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 77–85,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0077, 2011.
Wheatcroft, R. A., Goñi, M. A., Hatten, J. A., Pasternack, G. B., and
Warrick, J. A.: The role of effective discharge in the ocean delivery of
particulate organic carbon by small, mountainous river systems, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 55, 161–171, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0161, 2010.
Winkler, W., Wildi, W., van Stuijvenberg, J., and Caron, C.:
Wägital-Flysch et autres flyschs jenniques en Suisse Centrale.
Stratigraphie, sédimentologie et comparaisons, Eclogae Geol.
Helv., 7, 1–22, 1985.
Wohl, E.: Bridging the gaps: An overview of wood across time and space in
diverse rivers, Geomorphology, 279, 3–26,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.014, 2017.
Wohl, E. and Ogden, F. L.: Organic carbon export in the form of wood during
an extreme tropical storm, Upper Rio Chagres, Panama, Earth Surf. Process.
Landf., 38, 1407–1416, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3389, 2013.
Wohl, E., Dwire, K., Sutfin, N., Polvi, L., and Bazan, R.: Mechanisms of
carbon storage in mountainous headwater rivers, Nat. Commun., 3, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2274, 2012.
Wymore, A. S., Leon, M. C., Shanley, J. B., and McDowell, W. H.: Hysteretic
response of solutes and turbidity at the event scale across forested
tropical montane watersheds, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00126, 2019.
Zou, H. and Hastie, T.: Regularization and variable selection via the
elastic net, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 67, 301–320,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x, 2005.
Short summary
The majority of river studies focus on headwater or floodplain systems, while often neglecting intermediate river segments. Our study on the subalpine Sihl River bridges the gap between streams and lowlands and demonstrates that moderately steep river segments are areas of significant instream alterations, modulating the export of organic carbon over short distances.
The majority of river studies focus on headwater or floodplain systems, while often neglecting...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint