Articles | Volume 20, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Sep 2023
Research article |
| 13 Sep 2023
| 13 Sep 2023
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Adriana Simonetti
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências de Florestas
Tropicais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus,
69060-062, Brazil
Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
Raquel Fernandes Araujo
Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Forest Global Earth Observatory, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
Carlos Henrique Souza Celes
Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Forest Global Earth Observatory, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências de Florestas
Tropicais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus,
69060-062, Brazil
Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
Joaquim dos Santos
Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
Niro Higuchi
Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
Susan Trumbore
Biogeochemical Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
Daniel Magnabosco Marra
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Biogeochemical Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
Related authors
Nathan B. Goncalves, Bruce W. Nelson, Adriana Simonetti, and Scott C. Stark
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-3-2024, 191–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-191-2024, 2024
Sarah Camelo da Silva, Bárbara Bomfim, Jeffrey Quintin Chambers, Regison Costa de Oliveira, Cacilda Adélia Sampaio de Souza, Marcelo Nunes Vilas-Boas, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Niro Higuchi, and Bruno Oliva Gimenez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-391, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-391, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical forest soils are known for low fertility, but support vegetation with high species diversity and biomass. Nutrients and carbon essential for forest functioning are stored in the soil and biomass. The region’s topographic gradient, with variations in soil texture and water table depth, influences species distribution. This study quantified macronutrients and carbon in trunks, leaves, and soil of generalist and specialist species across different soil types.
Ingrid Chanca, Ingeborg Levin, Susan Trumbore, Kita Macario, Jost Lavric, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Cléo Quaresma Dias Júnior, Hella van Asperen, Samuel Hammer, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 22, 455–472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-455-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-455-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing the net carbon (C) budget of the Amazon entails considering the magnitude and timing of C absorption and losses through respiration (transit time of C). Radiocarbon-based estimates of the transit time of C in the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) suggest a change in the transit time from 6 ± 2 years and 18 ± 4 years within 2 years (October 2019 and December 2021, respectively). This variability indicates that only a fraction of newly fixed C can be stored for decades or longer.
Nathan B. Goncalves, Bruce W. Nelson, Adriana Simonetti, and Scott C. Stark
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-3-2024, 191–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-191-2024, 2024
Luciano Emmert, Susan Trumbore, Joaquim dos Santos, Adriano Lima, Niro Higuchi, Robinson Negrón-Juárez, Cléo Dias-Júnior, Tarek El-Madany, Olaf Kolle, Gabriel Ribeiro, and Daniel Marra
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3234, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we documented wind gusts with the potential to damage trees in a forest in the Central Amazon. We used meteorological data collected at crown height over 24 months. We recorded 424 gusts, which occur more frequently and intensely in higher elevated areas and during the transition from the dry to the wet season. More intense rains showed the strongest relationship with extreme winds, highlighting the role of extreme events in tree mortality.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Maximiliano González-Sosa, Carlos A. Sierra, J. Andrés Quincke, Walter E. Baethgen, Susan Trumbore, and M. Virginia Pravia
SOIL, 10, 467–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on an approach that involved soil organic carbon (SOC) monitoring, radiocarbon measurement in bulk soil, and incubations from a long-term 60-year experiment, it was concluded that the avoidance of old carbon losses in the integrated crop–pasture systems is the main reason that explains their greater carbon storage capacities compared to continuous cropping. A better understanding of these processes is essential for making agronomic decisions to increase the carbon sequestration capacity.
Shane W. Stoner, Marion Schrumpf, Alison Hoyt, Carlos A. Sierra, Sebastian Doetterl, Valier Galy, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 20, 3151–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store more carbon (C) than any other terrestrial C reservoir, but the processes that control how much C stays in soil, and for how long, are very complex. Here, we used a recent method that involves heating soil in the lab to measure the range of C ages in soil. We found that most C in soil is decades to centuries old, while some stays for much shorter times (days to months), and some is thousands of years old. Such detail helps us to estimate how soil C may react to changing climate.
Jeffrey Prescott Beem-Miller, Craig Rasmussen, Alison May Hoyt, Marion Schrumpf, Georg Guggenberger, and Susan Trumbore
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1083, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1083, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the age of persistent soil organic matter as well as active emissions of carbon dioxide from soils across a gradient of climate and geology. We found that clay minerals are more important than mean annual temperature for both persistent and actively cycling soil carbon, and that they may attenuate the sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition to temperature. Accounting for geology and soil development could therefore improve estimates of soil carbon stocks and changes.
Rachael Akinyede, Martin Taubert, Marion Schrumpf, Susan Trumbore, and Kirsten Küsel
Biogeosciences, 19, 4011–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soils will likely become warmer in the future, and this can increase the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. As microbes can take up soil CO2 and prevent further escape into the atmosphere, this study compares the rate of uptake and release of CO2 at two different temperatures. With warming, the rate of CO2 uptake increases less than the rate of release, indicating that the capacity to modulate soil CO2 release into the atmosphere will decrease under future warming.
Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Samuel Grubinger, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Milton Garcia, Jonathan P. Dandois, and Helene C. Muller-Landau
Biogeosciences, 18, 6517–6531, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study contributed to improving the understanding of temporal variation and climate correlates of canopy disturbances mainly caused by treefalls and branchfalls. We used a unique dataset of 5 years of approximately monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery for 50 ha of mature tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We found that canopy disturbance rates were highly temporally variable, were higher in the wet season, and were related to extreme rainfall events.
Sophie F. von Fromm, Alison M. Hoyt, Markus Lange, Gifty E. Acquah, Ermias Aynekulu, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Stephan M. Haefele, Steve P. McGrath, Keith D. Shepherd, Andrew M. Sila, Johan Six, Erick K. Towett, Susan E. Trumbore, Tor-G. Vågen, Elvis Weullow, Leigh A. Winowiecki, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 305–332, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated various soil and climate properties that influence soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings indicate that climate and geochemistry are equally important for explaining SOC variations. The key SOC-controlling factors are broadly similar to those for temperate regions, despite differences in soil development history between the two regions.
Marion Schrumpf, Klaus Kaiser, Allegra Mayer, Günter Hempel, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 18, 1241–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large amount of organic carbon (OC) in soil is protected against decay by bonding to minerals. We studied the release of mineral-bonded OC by NaF–NaOH extraction and H2O2 oxidation. Unexpectedly, extraction and oxidation removed mineral-bonded OC at roughly constant portions and of similar age distributions, irrespective of mineral composition, land use, and soil depth. The results suggest uniform modes of interactions between OC and minerals across soils in quasi-steady state with inputs.
Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Jennifer A. Holm, Boris Faybishenko, Daniel Magnabosco-Marra, Rosie A. Fisher, Jacquelyn K. Shuman, Alessandro C. de Araujo, William J. Riley, and Jeffrey Q. Chambers
Biogeosciences, 17, 6185–6205, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6185-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6185-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The temporal variability in the Landsat satellite near-infrared (NIR) band captured the dynamics of forest regrowth after disturbances in Central Amazon. This variability was represented by the dynamics of forest regrowth after disturbances were properly represented by the ELM-FATES model (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM)).
Ann-Sophie Lehnert, Thomas Behrendt, Alexander Ruecker, Georg Pohnert, and Susan E. Trumbore
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3507–3520, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3507-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3507-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like scents can appear and disappear quickly. For example, when a bug starts on a tree, the tree releases VOCs that warn the trees around him. Thus, one needs instruments measuring their concentration in real time and identify which VOC is measured. In our study, we compared two instruments doing that, PTR-MS and SIFT-MS. Both work similarly, but we found that the PTR-MS can measure lower concentrations, but the SIFT-MS can identify VOCs better.
Corey R. Lawrence, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Alison M. Hoyt, Grey Monroe, Carlos A. Sierra, Shane Stoner, Katherine Heckman, Joseph C. Blankinship, Susan E. Crow, Gavin McNicol, Susan Trumbore, Paul A. Levine, Olga Vindušková, Katherine Todd-Brown, Craig Rasmussen, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Christina Schädel, Karis McFarlane, Sebastian Doetterl, Christine Hatté, Yujie He, Claire Treat, Jennifer W. Harden, Margaret S. Torn, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Marco Keiluweit, Ágatha Della Rosa Kuhnen, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Alain F. Plante, Aaron Thompson, Zheng Shi, Joshua P. Schimel, Lydia J. S. Vaughn, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Rota Wagai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) is an an open-source archive of soil data focused on datasets including radiocarbon measurements. ISRaD includes data from bulk or
whole soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil surface.
Shaun R. Levick, Anna E. Richards, Garry D. Cook, Jon Schatz, Marcus Guderle, Richard J. Williams, Parash Subedi, Susan E. Trumbore, and Alan N. Andersen
Biogeosciences, 16, 1493–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1493-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1493-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We used airborne lidar to map the three-dimensional structure and model the biomass of plant canopies across a long-term fire experiment in the Northern Territory of Australia. Our results show that late season fires occurring every 2 years reduce the amount of carbon stored above-ground by 50 % relative to unburnt control plots. We also show how increased fire intensity removes the shrub layer from savannas and discuss the implications for biodiversity conservation.
Thomas Behrendt, Elisa C. P. Catão, Rüdiger Bunk, Zhigang Yi, Elena Schweer, Steffen Kolb, Jürgen Kesselmeier, and Susan Trumbore
SOIL, 5, 121–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-121-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-121-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We measured net fluxes of OCS from nine soils with different land use in a dynamic chamber system and analyzed for one soil RNA relative abundance and gene transcripts. Our data suggest that indeed carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an important role for OCS exchange, but the role of other enzymes might have been underestimated. Our study is the first assessment of the environmental significance of different microbial groups producing and consuming OCS by various enzymes other than CA.
Boaz Hilman, Jan Muhr, Susan E. Trumbore, Norbert Kunert, Mariah S. Carbone, Päivi Yuval, S. Joseph Wright, Gerardo Moreno, Oscar Pérez-Priego, Mirco Migliavacca, Arnaud Carrara, José M. Grünzweig, Yagil Osem, Tal Weiner, and Alon Angert
Biogeosciences, 16, 177–191, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-177-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-177-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Combined measurement of CO2 / O2 fluxes in tree stems suggested that on average 41 % of the respired CO2 was not emitted locally to the atmosphere. This finding strengthens the recognition that CO2 efflux from tree stems is not an accurate measure of respiration. The CO2 / O2 fluxes did not vary as expected if CO2 dissolution in the xylem sap was the main driver for the CO2 retention. We suggest the examination of refixation of respired CO2 as a possible mechanism for CO2 retention.
Bernd Kohlhepp, Robert Lehmann, Paul Seeber, Kirsten Küsel, Susan E. Trumbore, and Kai U. Totsche
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6091–6116, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6091-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6091-2017, 2017
Martin E. Nowak, Valérie F. Schwab, Cassandre S. Lazar, Thomas Behrendt, Bernd Kohlhepp, Kai Uwe Totsche, Kirsten Küsel, and Susan E. Trumbore
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4283–4300, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4283-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4283-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study we combined measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) isotopes with a set of different geochemical and microbiological methods in order to get a comprehensive view of biogeochemical cycling and groundwater flow in two limestone aquifer assemblages. This allowed us to understand interactions and feedbacks between microbial communities, their carbon sources, and water chemistry.
Valérie F. Schwab, Martina Herrmann, Vanessa-Nina Roth, Gerd Gleixner, Robert Lehmann, Georg Pohnert, Susan Trumbore, Kirsten Küsel, and Kai U. Totsche
Biogeosciences, 14, 2697–2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2697-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2697-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to link specific microbial markers to the spatio-temporal changes of groundwater physico-chemistry. PLFA-based functional groups were directly supported by DNA/RNA results. O2 resulted in increased eukaryotic biomass and abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria but impeded anammox, sulphate-reducing and iron-reducing bacteria. Our study demonstrates the power of PLFA-based approaches to study the nature and activity of microorganisms in pristine aquifers.
Lesego Khomo, Susan Trumbore, Carleton R. Bern, and Oliver A. Chadwick
SOIL, 3, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-17-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated mineral control of organic carbon dynamics by relating the content and age of carbon stored in soils of varied mineralogical composition found in the landscapes of Kruger National Park, South Africa. Carbon associated with smectite clay minerals, which have stronger surface–organic matter interactions, averaged about a thousand years old, while most soil carbon was only decades to centuries old and was associated with iron and aluminum oxide minerals.
Daniel Magnabosco Marra, Niro Higuchi, Susan E. Trumbore, Gabriel H. P. M. Ribeiro, Joaquim dos Santos, Vilany M. C. Carneiro, Adriano J. N. Lima, Jeffrey Q. Chambers, Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Frederic Holzwarth, Björn Reu, and Christian Wirth
Biogeosciences, 13, 1553–1570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1553-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1553-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting biomass correctly at the landscape level in hyperdiverse and structurally complex tropical forests requires the inclusion of predictors that express inherent variations in species architecture. The model of interest should comprise the floristic composition and size-distribution variability of the target forest, implying that even generic global or pantropical biomass estimation models can lead to strong biases.
Leandro T. dos Santos, Daniel Magnabosco Marra, Susan Trumbore, Plínio B. de Camargo, Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Adriano J. N. Lima, Gabriel H. P. M. Ribeiro, Joaquim dos Santos, and Niro Higuchi
Biogeosciences, 13, 1299–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1299-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1299-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In the Amazon forest, wind disturbances can create canopy gaps of many hundreds of hectares. We show that inputs of plant litter associated with large windthrows cause a short-term increase in soil carbon stock. The degree of increase is related to soil clay content and tree mortality intensity. The higher carbon content and potentially higher nutrient availability in soils from areas recovering from windthrows may favor forest regrowth and increase vegetation resilience.
M. E. Nowak, F. Beulig, J. von Fischer, J. Muhr, K. Küsel, and S. E. Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 12, 7169–7183, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7169-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7169-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Microorganisms have been recognized as an important source of soil organic matter (SOM). Autotrophic microorganisms utilize CO2 instead of organic carbon. Microbial CO2 fixation is accompanied with high 13C isotope discrimination. Because autotrophs are abundant in soils, they might be a significant factor influencing 13C signatures of SOM. Thus, it is important to asses the importance of autotrophs for C isotope signatures in soils, in order to use isotopes as a tracer for soil C dynamics.
M. O. Andreae, O. C. Acevedo, A. Araùjo, P. Artaxo, C. G. G. Barbosa, H. M. J. Barbosa, J. Brito, S. Carbone, X. Chi, B. B. L. Cintra, N. F. da Silva, N. L. Dias, C. Q. Dias-Júnior, F. Ditas, R. Ditz, A. F. L. Godoi, R. H. M. Godoi, M. Heimann, T. Hoffmann, J. Kesselmeier, T. Könemann, M. L. Krüger, J. V. Lavric, A. O. Manzi, A. P. Lopes, D. L. Martins, E. F. Mikhailov, D. Moran-Zuloaga, B. W. Nelson, A. C. Nölscher, D. Santos Nogueira, M. T. F. Piedade, C. Pöhlker, U. Pöschl, C. A. Quesada, L. V. Rizzo, C.-U. Ro, N. Ruckteschler, L. D. A. Sá, M. de Oliveira Sá, C. B. Sales, R. M. N. dos Santos, J. Saturno, J. Schöngart, M. Sörgel, C. M. de Souza, R. A. F. de Souza, H. Su, N. Targhetta, J. Tóta, I. Trebs, S. Trumbore, A. van Eijck, D. Walter, Z. Wang, B. Weber, J. Williams, J. Winderlich, F. Wittmann, S. Wolff, and A. M. Yáñez-Serrano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10723–10776, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), a new atmosphere-biosphere observatory located in the remote Amazon Basin. It presents results from ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gas, and aerosol measurements collected at the ATTO site during the first 3 years of operation.
J. A. Holm, J. Q. Chambers, W. D. Collins, and N. Higuchi
Biogeosciences, 11, 5773–5794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5773-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5773-2014, 2014
C. A. Sierra, M. Müller, and S. E. Trumbore
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1919–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1919-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1919-2014, 2014
N. M. Fyllas, E. Gloor, L. M. Mercado, S. Sitch, C. A. Quesada, T. F. Domingues, D. R. Galbraith, A. Torre-Lezama, E. Vilanova, H. Ramírez-Angulo, N. Higuchi, D. A. Neill, M. Silveira, L. Ferreira, G. A. Aymard C., Y. Malhi, O. L. Phillips, and J. Lloyd
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1251–1269, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1251-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1251-2014, 2014
B. Ahrens, M. Reichstein, W. Borken, J. Muhr, S. E. Trumbore, and T. Wutzler
Biogeosciences, 11, 2147–2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2147-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2147-2014, 2014
M. S. Torn, M. Kleber, E. S. Zavaleta, B. Zhu, C. B. Field, and S. E. Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 10, 8067–8081, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8067-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8067-2013, 2013
E. Solly, I. Schöning, S. Boch, J. Müller, S. A. Socher, S. E. Trumbore, and M. Schrumpf
Biogeosciences, 10, 4833–4843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4833-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4833-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Water usage of old-growth oak at elevated CO2 in the FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment) of climate change
Elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in African savanna soils and plants
Narrowing down dune establishment drivers on the beach
Combined effects of topography, soil moisture, and snow cover regimes on growth responses of grasslands in a low- mountain range (Vosges, France)
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: a neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Enhancing environmental models with a new downscaling method for global radiation in complex terrain
On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results
The fungal collaboration gradient drives root trait distribution and ecosystem processes in a tropical montane forest
Measuring and modeling waterlogging tolerance to predict the future for threatened lowland ash forests
Role of air-soil temperature on the LAI course and role of height-DBH on the maximum LAI during foliation of Platanus orientalis L. along an urban-rural greenway system
Crowd-sourced trait data can be used to delimit global biomes
Biomass yield potential, feedstock quality, and nutrient removal of perennial buffer strips under continuous zero fertilizer application
Leaf habit drives leaf nutrient resorption globally alongside nutrient availability and climate
Soil and Biomass Carbon Storage is Much Higher in Central American than Andean Montane Forests
Optimal set of leaf and whole-tree elements for predicting forest functioning
Reviews and syntheses: Current perspectives on biosphere research – 2024
Ecosystem leaf area, gross primary production, and evapotranspiration responses to wildfire in the Columbia River Basin
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Susan E. Quick, Giulio Curioni, Nicholas J. Harper, Stefan Krause, and A. Robert MacKenzie
Biogeosciences, 22, 1557–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1557-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1557-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effects of rising CO2 levels on water usage of old-growth temperate oak forest, we monitored trees in an open-air elevated CO2 experiment for 5 years. We found 4 %–16 % leaf-on season reduction in daylight water usage for ~35% increase in atmospheric CO2. July-only reduction varied more widely. Tree water usage depended on tree size, i.e. stem size and projected canopy area, across all treatments. Experimental infrastructure increased the water usage of the trees in leaf-on season.
Courtney G. Reed, Michelle L. Budny, Johan T. du Toit, Ryan Helcoski, Joshua P. Schimel, Izak P. J. Smit, Tercia Strydom, Aimee Tallian, Dave I. Thompson, Helga van Coller, Nathan P. Lemoine, and Deron E. Burkepile
Biogeosciences, 22, 1583–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We seek to understand the ecological legacies of elephants after death. We sampled soil and leaves at elephant carcass sites in South Africa and found that elephant carcasses release nutrients into soil, which plants take up and make available for consumption by herbivores. This research reveals a key way that elephants contribute to nutrient cycling in savannas after death. It also highlights an important process that may be lost in areas where elephant populations are in decline.
Jan-Markus Homberger, Sasja van Rosmalen, Michel Riksen, and Juul Limpens
Biogeosciences, 22, 1301–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1301-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1301-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding what determines the establishment of dune-building vegetation could help to better predict coastal dune initiation and development. We monitored the establishment of dune-building grasses and dune initiation in a large field experiment. Our results show that dune initiation takes place during peaks in dune-building grass establishment, which depend on favorable environmental conditions. Our findings can potentially be integrated into beach restoration and management strategies.
Pierre-Alexis Herrault, Albin Ullmann, and Damien Ertlen
Biogeosciences, 22, 705–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-705-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-705-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain grasslands are impacted by climate change and need to adapt. Low-mountain grasslands are poorly understood compared to high-mountain massifs. Thanks to satellite archives, we found that grasslands occurring in the Vosges Mountains (France) exhibited stable productivity or tended to decrease in specific regions of the massif, with a reverse signal observed in high-mountain massifs. We also noted a high responsiveness in their growth strategy to soil moisture, snow regime, and topography.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
Biogeosciences, 22, 213–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The 2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 Mteq CO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of France's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Arsène Druel, Julien Ruffault, Hendrik Davi, André Chanzy, Olivier Marloie, Miquel De Cáceres, Albert Olioso, Florent Mouillot, Christophe François, Kamel Soudani, and Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul
Biogeosciences, 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate radiation data are essential for understanding ecosystem functions and dynamics. Traditional large-scale data lack the precision needed for complex terrain. This study introduces a new model, which accounts for sub-daily direct and diffuse radiation effects caused by terrain features, to enhance the radiation data resolution using elevation maps. Tested on a mountainous area, this method significantly improved radiation estimates, benefiting predictions of forest functions.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Tatiana Reichert, Laynara Lugli, Erica McGale, Kerstin Pierick, João Paulo Darela-Filho, Liam Langan, Jürgen Homeier, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3259, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3259, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how plant roots, with different forms and functions, rely on fungal partnerships for nutrient uptake. This relationship was integrated into a vegetation model and was tested in a tropical forest in Ecuador. The model accurately predicted root traits and showed that without fungi, biomass decreased by up to 80 %. The findings highlight the critical role of fungi in ecosystem processes and suggest that root-fungal interactions should be considered in vegetation models.
Eric Gustafson, Dustin Bronson, Marcella Windmuller-Campione, Robert A. Slesak, and Deahn Donner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3332, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3332, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black ash forests provide many ecological and tribal cultural benefits but may soon be killed by invasive insects. Black ash trees maintain forests on very wet sites by removing enough water to allow other species to survive. We combined results from physical experiments and a simulation model to project the ecological outcome of strategies to replace ash with species not killed by the insect. We found that this should work if ways can be found to ensure that planted trees survive to maturity.
Melih Öztürk, Turgay Biricik, and Rıdvan Koruyan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3372, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3372, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oriental plane LAI values have changed with definite pattern compatible with phenological periods. Air-soil temperatures were significantly definitive on course of mean LAI particularly during foliation. However, tree height and DBH were not significantly correlated with point-based maximum LAIs. Point-based mean LAI increased from 0.80 m2 m-2 to 2.76 m2 m-2 during foliation period. Mean tree height and DBH for point-based canopies ranged between 17.0–26.7 m and 26.5–38.2 cm respectively.
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 4909–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scales and to assess impacts of climate change, yet there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess whether trait information is suitable for delimiting biomes. Although the trait data were heterogeneous and had large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a global trait-based biome classification was possible.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and DoKyoung Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 4765–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass as potential income for farmers. The forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type buffer showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin David Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 21, 4169–4193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect on its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Cecilia M. Prada, Katherine D. Heineman, Maria J. Pardo, Camille Piponiot, and James W. Dalling
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2738, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2738, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of elevation and soil nutrient availability on carbon stocks has not been evaluated for ectomycorrhizal forests in the tropics. In western Panama we calculated C pools in ten plots in an elevational gradient varying in relative abundance of EM-trees. We found exceptionally high aboveground soil C in high elevation EM-forest, in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated Andean forests.
Ecio Souza Diniz, Eladio Rodríguez-Penedo, Roger Grau-Andrés, Jordi Vayreda, and Marcos Fernández-Martínez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2572, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the accumulation of nutrients (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium) in leaves is an important factor in explaining tree growth in forest ecosystems. This result provides evidence for forest growth studies aimed at forest conservation and restoration to better direct their resources to data collection and measurement. Collecting data on nutrient stocks in tree leaves can also provide valuable information to broaden our understanding of forest functioning.
Friedrich J. Bohn, Ana Bastos, Romina Martin, Anja Rammig, Niak Sian Koh, Giles B. Sioen, Bram Buscher, Louise Carver, Fabrice DeClerck, Moritz Drupp, Robert Fletcher, Matthew Forrest, Alexandros Gasparatos, Alex Godoy-Faúndez, Gregor Hagedorn, Martin Hänsel, Jessica Hetzer, Thomas Hickler, Cornelia B. Krug, Stasja Koot, Xiuzhen Li, Amy Luers, Shelby Matevich, H. Damon Matthews, Ina C. Meier, Awaz Mohamed, Sungmin O, David Obura, Ben Orlove, Rene Orth, Laura Pereira, Markus Reichstein, Lerato Thakholi, Peter Verburg, and Yuki Yoshida
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2551, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An interdisciplinary collaboration of 35 international researchers from 34 institutions highlighting nine recent findings in biosphere research. Within these themes, they discuss issues arising from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, and highlight the co-benefits of nature-based solutions and ecosystem services. They discuss recent findings in the context of global trade and international policy frameworks, and highlight lessons for local implementation of nature-based solutions.
Mingjie Shi, Nate McDowell, Huilin Huang, Faria Zahura, Lingcheng Li, and Xingyuan Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/au.171053013.30286044/v2, https://doi.org/10.22541/au.171053013.30286044/v2, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data products, we quantitatively estimate the resistance and resilience of ecosystem functions to wildfires that occurred in the Columbia River Basin in 2015. Carbon state exhibits lower resistance and resilience than the ecosystem fluxes. The random forest feature importance analysis indicates that burn severity plays a minor role in the resilience of grassland, while it has a relatively major role in the resilience of forest and savanna.
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Cited articles
Aleixo, I., Norris, D., Hemerik, L., Barbosa, A., Prata, E., Costa, F., and
Poorter, L.: Amazonian rainforest tree mortality driven by climate and
functional traits, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 384–388,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0458-0, 2019.
Allen, C. D., Breshears, D. D., and McDowell, N. G.: On underestimation of
global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter
drought in the Anthropocene, Ecosphere, 6, 1–55,
https://doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00203.1, 2015.
Amaral, M., Lima, A., Higuchi, F., dos Santos, J., and Higuchi, N.: Dynamics
of Tropical Forest Twenty-Five Years after Experimental Logging in Central
Amazon Mature Forest, Forests, 10, 89, https://doi.org/10.3390/f10020089,
2019.
Araujo, R. F., Nelson, B. W., Celes, C. H. S., and Chambers, J. Q.: Regional
distribution of large blowdown patches across Amazonia in 2005 caused by a
single convective squall line, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7793–7798,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073564, 2017.
Araujo, R. F., Chambers, J. Q., Celes, C. H. S., Muller-Landau, H. C., dos
Santos, A. P. F., Emmert, F., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Gimenez, B. O., Lima, A.
J. N., Campos, M. A. A., and Higuchi, N.: Integrating high resolution drone
imagery and forest inventory to distinguish canopy and understory trees and
quantify their contributions to forest structure and dynamics, PLoS One, 15,
1–16, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243079, 2020.
Araujo, R. F., Celes, C. H. S., Negrón-Juárez, R. I., and
Muller-Landau, H. C.: Analysis codes and datasets: Strong temporal variation
in treefall and branchfall rates in a tropical forest is related to extreme
rainfall: results from five years of monthly drone data for a 50 ha plot,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786740, last access: 16 December 2021a.
Araujo, R. F., Grubinger, S., Celes, C. H. S., Negrón-Juárez, R. I.,
Garcia, M., Dandois, J. P., and Muller-Landau, H. C.: Strong temporal
variation in treefall and branchfall rates in a tropical forest is related
to extreme rainfall: Results from 5 years of monthly drone data for a 50 ha
plot, Biogeosciences, 18, 6517–6531,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, 2021b.
Araujo, R. F. de: Estrutura do dossel, dinâmica florestal e fenologia
foliar com uso de aeronave remotamente pilotada na Amazônia Central, PhD thesis,
Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Da Amazônia (INPA), Brazil, 84 pp., 2019.
Asner, G. P., Kellner, J. R., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Knapp, D. E., Anderson,
C., and Martin, R. E.: Forest Canopy Gap Distributions in the Southern
Peruvian Amazon, PLoS One, 8, e60875,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060875, 2013.
Baker, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Malhi, Y., Almeida, S., Arroyo, L., Di Fiore,
A., Erwin, T., Higuchi, N., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, S. G., Laurance, W.
F., Lewis, S. L., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Núñez Vargas, P.,
Pitman, N. C. A., Silva, J. N. M., and Vásquez Martínez, R.:
Increasing biomass in Amazonian forest plots, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 359, 353–365, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1422, 2004.
Brienen, R. J. W., Phillips, O. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Gloor, E., Baker, T.
R., Lloyd, J., Lopez Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis,
S. L., and Vásquez, R.: Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink,
Nature, 519, 344–348, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14283, 2015.
Brokaw, N. V. L.: The Definition of Treefall Gap and Its Effect on Measures
of Forest Dynamics, Biotropica, 14, 158–160, https://doi.org/10.2307/2387750,
1982.
Burnham, K. P. and Anderson, D. R.: Multimodel inference: A Practical
Information-Theoretic Approach, 488 pp., ISBN: 13 978-0387953649, 2002.
Canham, C. D., Finzi, A. C., Pacala, S. W., and Burbank, D. H.: Causes and
consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation
in light transmission by canopy trees, Can. J. Forest Res., 24, 337–349,
https://doi.org/10.1139/x94-046, 1994.
Carvalho, L.: An Improved Evaluation of Kolmogorov's Distribution, J. Stat.
Softw., 65, 1–3, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v065.c03, 2015.
Chambers, J. Q., Negron-Juarez, R. I., Marra, D. M., Di Vittorio, A., Tews,
J., Roberts, D., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Trumbore, S. E., and Higuchi, N.: The
steady-state mosaic of disturbance and succession across an old-growth
central Amazon forest landscape, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110,
3949–3954, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202894110, 2013.
Chao, K. J., Phillips, O. L., Monteagudo, A., Torres-Lezama, A., and
Vásquez Martínez, R.: How do trees die? Mode of death in northern
Amazonia, J. Veg. Sci., 20, 260–268,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05755.x, 2009.
Clark, D. A., Asao, S., Fisher, R., Reed, S., Reich, P. B., Ryan, M. G.,
Wood, T. E., and Yang, X.: Reviews and syntheses: Field data to benchmark
the carbon cycle models for tropical forests, Biogeosciences, 14,
4663–4690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4663-2017, 2017.
Cushman, K. C., Detto, M., García, M., and Muller-Landau, H. C.: Soils
and topography control natural disturbance rates and thereby forest
structure in a lowland tropical landscape, Ecol. Lett., 25, 1126–1138,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13978, 2022.
Dalagnol, R., Wagner, F. H., Galvão, L. S., Streher, A. S., Phillips, O.
L., Gloor, E., Pugh, T. A. M., Ometto, J. P. H. B., and Aragão, L. E. O.
C.: Large-scale variations in the dynamics of Amazon forest canopy gaps from
airborne lidar data and opportunities for tree mortality estimates, Sci.
Rep., 11, 1388, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80809-w, 2021.
Denslow, J. S.: Gap Partitioning among Tropical Rainforest Trees,
Biotropica, 12, 47–55, https://doi.org/10.2307/2388156, 1980.
Denslow, J. S.: Tropical Rainforest gaps and tree species diversity, Annu.
Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 18, 431–51, 1987.
De Toledo, J. J., Magnusson, W. E., Castilho, C. V., and Nascimento, H. E.
M.: How much variation in tree mortality is predicted by soil and topography
in Central Amazonia?, Forest Ecol. Manag., 262, 331–338,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.039, 2011.
De Toledo, J. J., Magnusson, W. E., Castilho, C. V., and Nascimento, H. E.
M.: Tree mode of death in Central Amazonia: Effects of soil and topography
on tree mortality associated with storm disturbances, Forest Ecol. Manag.,
263, 253–261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.017, 2012.
Espírito-Santo, F. D. B., Gloor, M., Keller, M., Malhi, Y., Saatchi,
S., Nelson, B., Junior, R. C. O., Pereira, C., Lloyd, J., Frolking, S.,
Palace, M., Shimabukuro, Y. E., Duarte, V., Mendoza, A. M.,
López-González, G., Baker, T. R., Feldpausch, T. R., Brienen, R. J.
W., Asner, G. P., Boyd, D. S., and Phillips, O. L.: Size and frequency of
natural forest disturbances and the Amazon forest carbon balance, Nat.
Commun., 5, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4434, 2014.
Eysenrode, D. S., Bogaert, J., Hecke, P. Van, and Impens, I.: Influence of
tree-fall orientation on canopy gap shape in an Ecuadorian rain forest, J.
Trop. Ecol., 14, 865–869, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000625, 1998.
Feng, Y., Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Romps, D. M., and Chambers, J. Q.:
Amazon windthrow disturbances are likely to increase with storm frequency
under global warming, Nat. Commun., 14, 101,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35570-1, 2023.
Fontes, C. G., Chambers, J. Q., and Higuchi, N.: Revealing the causes and
temporal distribution of tree mortality in Central Amazonia, Foreset Ecol.
Manag., 424, 177–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.002, 2018.
Gagnon, J. L., Jokela, E. J., Moser, W., and Huber, D. A.: Characteristics
of gaps and natural regeneration in mature longleaf pine flatwoods
ecosystems, Forest Ecol. Manag., 187, 373–380,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.002, 2004.
Getzin, S., Wiegand, K., and Schöning, I.: Assessing biodiversity in
forests using very high-resolution images and unmanned aerial vehicles,
Method. Ecol. Evol., 3, 397–404,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00158.x, 2012.
Getzin, S., Nuske, R. S., and Wiegand, K.: Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAV) to Quantify Spatial Gap Patterns in Forests, 6, 6988–7004,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6086988, 2014.
Gimenez, B. O., dos Santos, L. T., Gebara, J., Celes, C. H. S., Durgante, F.
M., Lima, A. J. N., Santos, J. dos, and Higuchi, N.: Tree climbing
techniques and volume equations for Eschweilera (Matá-Matá), a
hyperdominant genus in the Amazon Forest, Forests, 8, 154,
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8050154, 2017.
Gorgens, E. B., Keller, M., Jackson, T., Marra, D. M., Reis, C. R., de
Almeida, D. R. A., Coomes, D., and Ometto, J. P.: Out of steady state:
Tracking canopy gap dynamics across Brazilian Amazon, Biotropica, 55, 755–766,
https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13226, 2023.
Grubb, P. J.: the Maintenance of Species-Richness in Plant Communities: the
Importance of the Regeneration Niche, Biol. Rev., 52, 107–145,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.1977.tb01347.x, 1977.
Hubbell, S. P., Foster, R. B., O'Brien, S. T., Harms, K. E., Condit, R.,
Wechsler, B., Wright, S. J., and de Lao, S. L.: Light-Gap Disturbances,
Recruitment Limitation, and Tree Diversity in a Neotropical Forest, Science, 283, 554–557, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5401.554, 1999.
Iglhaut, J., Cabo, C., Puliti, S., Piermattei, L., O'Connor, J., and
Rosette, J.: Structure from Motion Photogrammetry in Forestry: a Review,
Curr. For. Report., 5, 155–168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-019-00094-3,
2019.
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers, in: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.001, 2021.
Jucker, T.: Deciphering the fingerprint of disturbance on the
three-dimensional structure of the world's forests, New Phytol., 233,
612–617, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17729, 2022.
Kellner, J. R. and Asner, G. P.: Winners and losers in the competition for
space in tropical forest canopies, Ecol. Lett., 17, 556–562,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12256, 2014.
Kellner, J. R., Clark, D. B., and Hubbell, S. P.: Pervasive canopy dynamics
produce short-term stability in a tropical rain forest landscape, Ecol.
Lett., 12, 155–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01274.x, 2009.
Laurance, W. F., Oliveira, A. A., Laurance, S. G., Condit, R., Nascimento,
H. E. M., Sanchez-Thorin, A. C., Lovejoy, T. E., Andrade, A., D'Angelo, S.,
Ribeiro, J. E., and Dick, C. W.: Pervasive alteration of tree communities in
undisturbed Amazonian forests, Nature, 428, 171–175,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02383, 2004.
Lawton, R. O. and Putz, F. E.: Natural Disturbance and Gap-Phase
Regeneration in a Wind-Exposed Tropical Cloud Forest, Ecology, 69, 764–777,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1941025, 1988.
Leitold, V., Morton, D. C., Longo, M., Dos-Santos, M. N., Keller, M., and
Scaranello, M.: El Niño drought increased canopy turnover in Amazon
forests, New Phytol., 219, 959–971, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15110,
2018.
Lertzman, K. P. and Krebs, C. J.: Gap-phase structure of a subalpine
old-growth forest, Can. J. Forest Res., 21, 1730–1741,
https://doi.org/10.1139/x91-239, 1991.
Lima, A. J. N., Suwa, R., De Mello Ribeiro, G. H. P., Kajimoto, T., Dos
Santos, J., Da Silva, R. P., De Souza, C. A. S., De Barros, P. C., Noguchi,
H., Ishizuka, M., and Higuchi, N.: Allometric models for estimating above-
and below-ground biomass in Amazonian forests at São Gabriel da
Cachoeira in the upper Rio Negro, Brazil, Forest Ecol. Manag., 277, 163–172,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.028, 2012.
Lowe, D. G.: Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints, Int. J. Comput. Vis., 60, 91–110, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94, 2004.
Magnabosco Marra, D., Chambers, J. Q., Higuchi, N., Trumbore, S. E.,
Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Dos Santos, J., Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Reu, B.,
and Wirth, C.: Large-scale wind disturbances promote tree diversity in a
Central Amazon forest, PLoS One, 9, e103711,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103711, 2014a.
Magnabosco Marra, D., Fagg, C. W., Pereira, B. A. da S., and Felfili, J. M.:
Trees and environmental variables influence the natural regeneration of
sesonally dry tropical forest in Central Brazil, Neotrop. Biol. Conserv., 9,
62–77, https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2014.92.01, 2014b.
Magnabosco Marra, D., Higuchi, N., Trumbore, S. E., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M.,
Dos Santos, J., Carneiro, V. M. C., Lima, A. J. N., Chambers, J. Q.,
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Holzwarth, F., Reu, B., and Wirth, C.:
Predicting biomass of hyperdiverse and structurally complex central
Amazonian forests – A virtual approach using extensive field data,
Biogeosciences, 13, 1553–1570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1553-2016,
2016.
Magnabosco Marra, D., Trumbore, S. E., Higuchi, N., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M.,
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Holzwarth, F., Rifai, S. W., dos Santos, J.,
Lima, A. J. N., Kinupp, V. F., Chambers, J. Q., and Wirth, C.: Windthrows
control biomass patterns and functional composition of Amazon forests, Glob.
Change Biol., 24, 5867–5881, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14457, 2018.
Malhi, Y. and Román-Cuesta, R. M.: Analysis of lacunarity and scales of
spatial homogeneity in IKONOS images of Amazonian tropical forest canopies,
Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 2074–2087,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.009, 2008.
Marengo, J. A., Jones, R., Alves, L. M., and Valverde, M. C.: Future change
of temperature and precipitation extremes in South America as derived from
the PRECIS regional climate modeling system, Int. J. Climatol., 29,
2241–2255, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1863, 2009.
McDowell, N., Allen, C. D., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Brando, P., Brienen, R.,
Chambers, J., Christoffersen, B., Davies, S., Doughty, C., Duque, A.,
Espirito-Santo, F., Fisher, R., Fontes, C. G., Galbraith, D., Goodsman, D.,
Grossiord, C., Hartmann, H., Holm, J., Johnson, D. J., Kassim, A. R.,
Keller, M., Koven, C., Kueppers, L., Kumagai, T., Malhi, Y., McMahon, S. M.,
Mencuccini, M., Meir, P., Moorcroft, P., Muller-Landau, H. C., Phillips, O.
L., Powell, T., Sierra, C. A., Sperry, J., Warren, J., Xu, C., and Xu, X.:
Drivers and mechanisms of tree mortality in moist tropical forests, New
Phytol., 219, 851–869, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15027, 2018.
Naka, K.: Community dynamics of evergreen broadleaf forests in southwestern
Japan. I. Wind damaged trees and canopy gaps in an evergreen oak forest,
Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 95, 385–399, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489476, 1982.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Chambers, J. Q., Guimaraes, G., Zeng, H.,
Raupp, C. F. M., Marra, D. M., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Saatchi, S. S., Nelson,
B. W., and Higuchi, N.: Widespread Amazon forest tree mortality from a
single cross-basin squall line event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043733, 2010.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Chambers, J. Q., Marra, D. M., Ribeiro, G. H.
P. M., Rifai, S. W., Higuchi, N., and Roberts, D.: Detection of subpixel
treefall gaps with Landsat imagery in Central Amazon forests, Remote Sens.
Environ., 115, 3322–3328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.015, 2011.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Jenkins, H. S., Raupp, C. F. M., Riley, W. J.,
Kueppers, L. M., Marra, D. M., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Monteiro, M. T. F.,
Candido, L. A., Chambers, J. Q., and Higuchi, N.: Windthrow variability in
central Amazonia, Atmosphere, 8, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8020028, 2017.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I., Holm, J. A., Marra, D. M., Rifai, S. W.,
Riley, W. J., Chambers, J. Q., Koven, C. D., Knox, R. G., McGroddy, M. E.,
Di Vittorio, A. V., Urquiza-Muñoz, J., Tello-Espinoza, R., Muñoz, W.
A., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., and Higuchi, N.: Vulnerability of Amazon forests
to storm-driven tree mortality, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 054021,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabe9f, 2018.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I, Magnabosco-Marra, D., Feng, Y.,
Urquiza-Muñoz, J. D., Riley, W. J., and Chambers, J. Q.: Windthrow
characteristics and their regional association with rainfall, soil, and
surface elevation in the Amazon, Environ. Res. Lett., 18, 014030,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf10, 2023.
Nelson, B. W., Kapos, V., Adams, J. B., Oliveira, W. J., and Braun, O. P.
G.: Forest Disturbance by Large Blowdowns in the Brazilian Amazon, Ecology,
75, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941742, 1994.
Oliveira, A. A. D. E. and Mori, S. A.: A central Amazonian terra firme
forest, I. High tree species richness on poor soils, Biodivers. Conserv., 8,
1219–1244, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008908615271, 1999.
Ometto, J., Gorgens, E. B., Pereira, F. R. d. S., Sato, L., Assis, M. L. R., Cantinho, R., Longo, M., Jacon, A. D., and Keller, M.: L1A – Discrete airborne LiDAR transects collected by EBA in the Brazilian Amazon (Mato Grosso, Amazonas e Pará), Version v20230303, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7636454, 2023.
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Phillips, O. L., and Jackson, R. B.: The structure,
distribution, and biomass of the world's forests, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol.
Syst., 44, 593–622, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135914,
2013.
Phillips, O. L. and Gentry, A. H.: Increasing Turnover Through Time in
Tropical Forests, Science, 263, 954–958,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5149.954, 1994.
Pinto, A. C. M., Higuchi, N., Iida, S., Santos, J., Ribeiro, R. J., Rocha, R. M., and Silva, R. P. P.: Padrão de distribuição espacial de espécies florestais que ocorrem na região de Manaus – AM, in: Projeto Jacaranda Fase II – Pesquisas Florestais na Amazônia Central, edited by: INPA, Manaus, 1–20, 2003.
Putz, F. E., Coley, P. D., Lu, K., Montalvo, A., and Aiello, A.: Uprooting
and snapping of trees: structural determinants and ecological consequences,
Can. J. Forest Res., 13, 1011–1020, https://doi.org/10.1139/x83-133, 1983.
Reis, C. R., Jackson, T. D., Bastos Gorgens, E., Dalagnol, R., Jucker, T.,
Henrique Nunes, M., and Pierre Ometto, J.: Forest structure and degradation
drive canopy gap sizes across the Brazilian Amazon, bioRxiv,
2021.05.03.442416,
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.03.442416, 2021.
Ribeiro, G. H. P. de M., Suwa, R., Magnabosco Marra, D., Lima, A. J. N.,
Kajimoto, T., Ishizuka, M., and Higuchi, N.: Allometry for Juvenile Trees in
an Amazonian Forest after Wind Disturbance, Japan Agric. Res. Q. JARQ, 48,
213–219, https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.48.213, 2014.
Ribeiro, G. H. P. M., Chambers, J. Q., Peterson, C. J., Trumbore, S. E.,
Marra, D. M., Wirth, C., Cannon, J. B., Négron-juárez, R. I., Lima,
A. J. N., Paula, E. V. C. M. De, Santos, J., and Higuchi, N.: Forest Ecology
and Management Mechanical vulnerability and resistance to snapping and
uprooting for Central Amazon tree species, Forest Ecol. Manag., 380, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.039, 2016.
Runkle, J. R.: Gap Regeneration in Some Old-growth Forests of the Eastern
United States, Ecology, 62, 1041–1051, https://doi.org/10.2307/1937003,
1982.
Runkle, J. R. and Yetter, T. C.: Treefalls Revisited: Gap Dynamics in the
Southern Appalachians, Ecology, 68, 417–424,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1939273, 1987.
Santos, L. T., Marra, D. M., Trumbore, S., Camargo, P. B. De, Lima, A. J. N.
N., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M. P. M., Santos, J., Higuchi, N., Dos Santos, L. T.,
Marra, D. M., Trumbore, S., De Camargo, P. B., Negrón-Juárez, R. I.,
Lima, A. J. N. N., Ribeiro, G. H. P. M. P. M., Dos Santos, J., and Higuchi,
N.: Windthrows increase soil carbon stocks in a central Amazon forest,
Biogeosciences, 13, 1299–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1299-2016,
2016.
Schliemann, S. A. and Bockheim, J. G.: Methods for studying treefall gaps: A
review, Forest Ecol. Manag., 261, 1143–1151,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.011, 2011.
Senf, C.: Seeing the System from Above: The Use and Potential of Remote Sensing for Studying Ecosystem Dynamics, Ecosystems, 25, 1719–1737, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00777-2, 2022.
Simonetti, A.: Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a Central Amazon forest, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8298693, 2023.
Sombroek, W.: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amazon Rainfall, AMBIO A J.
Hum. Environ., 30, 388–396, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-30.7.388,
2001.
Tan, J., Jakob, C., Rossow, W. B., and Tselioudis, G.: Increases in tropical
rainfall driven by changes in frequency of organized deep convection,
Nature, 519, 451–454, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14339, 2015.
Urquiza Muñoz, J. D., Magnabosco Marra, D., Negrón-Juarez, R. I.,
Tello-Espinoza, R., Alegría-Muñoz, W., Pacheco-Gómez, T.,
Rifai, S. W., Chambers, J. Q., Jenkins, H. S., Brenning, A., and Trumbore,
S. E.: Recovery of Forest Structure Following Large-Scale Windthrows in the
Northwestern Amazon, Forests, 12, 667, https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060667,
2021.
Vepakomma, U., St-Onge, B., and Kneeshaw, D.: Spatially explicit
characterization of boreal forest gap dynamics using multi-temporal lidar
data, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 2326–2340,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.10.001, 2008.
Vitousek, P. M. and Denslow, J. S.: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability in
Treefall Gaps of a Lowland Tropical Rainforest, J. Ecol., 74, 1167,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2260241, 1986.
Whitmore, T. C.: Canopy Gaps and the Two Major Groups of Forest Trees,
Ecology, 70, 536–538, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940195, 1989.
Wu, J., Albert, L. P., Lopes, A. P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Hayek, M.,
Wiedemann, K. T., Guan, K., Stark, S. C., Christoffersen, B., Prohaska, N.,
Tavares, J. V., Marostica, S., Kobayashi, H., Ferreira, M. L., Campos, K.
S., Dda Silva, R., Brando, P. M., Dye, D. G., Huxman, T. E., Huete, A. R.,
Nelson, B. W., and Saleska, S. R.: Leaf development and demography explain
photosynthetic seasonality in Amazon evergreen forests, Science,
351, 972–976, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5068, 2016.
Yamamoto, S.-I.: Invited Review Forest Gap Dynamics and Tree Regeneration,
J. Forest Res, 5, 223–229, 2000.
Yavitt, J. B., Battles, J. J., Lang, G. E., and Knight, D. H.: The canopy
gap regime in a secondary Neotropical forest in Panama, J. Trop. Ecol., 11,
391–402, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400008853, 1995.
Yue, W., Juyu, L., Zhaochen, Z., Jianbo, H., Ji, Y., Yong, L., and Wanhui,
Y.: Forest Plots Gap and Canopy Structure Analysis Based on Two UAV Images
, Trop. Geogr., 39, 553–561,
https://doi.org/10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003148, 2019.
, Trop. Geogr., 39, 553–561,
https://doi.org/10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003148, 2019.
Zuleta, D., Arellano, G., McMahon, S. M., Aguilar, S., Bunyavejchewin, S.,
Castaño, N., Chang-Yang, C., Duque, A., Mitre, D., Nasardin, M.,
Pérez, R., Sun, I., Yao, T. L., Valencia, R., Krishna Moorthy, S. M.,
Verbeeck, H., and Davies, S. J.: Damage to living trees contributes to
almost half of the biomass losses in tropical forests, Glob. Change Biol.,
1–12, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16687, 2023.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(2463 KB) - Full-text XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(542 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint
Similar articles
Water usage of old-growth oak at elevated...
Quick et al.
Elephant megacarcasses increase local...
Reed et al.
Narrowing down dune establishment drivers...
Homberger et al.