Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 May 2024
Research article |
| 22 May 2024
| 22 May 2024
Impact of canopy environmental variables on the diurnal dynamics of water and carbon dioxide exchange at leaf and canopy level
Raquel González-Armas
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Mary Rose Mangan
Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
Oscar Hartogensis
Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
Hugo de Boer
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Related authors
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Francisca Aguirre-Correa, Oscar Hartogensis, Pedro Bonacic-Vera, and Francisco Suárez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2984, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2984, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied an arid, endorheic basin in the Chilean Altiplano to understand how rainfall and evaporation affect groundwater and water availability. Using a rainfall-runoff model and 40 years of satellite data, we found that much of the water evaporates and less reaches the aquifers than expected. Our results challenge the idea that the basin is fully closed and suggest that current water budget estimates may need revision, an urgent task under a changing climate.
Hong Zhao, Han Dolman, Jan Elbers, Wilma Jans, Bart Kruijt, Eddy Moors, Henk Snellen, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, Wouter Peters, Maarten Krol, Ronald Hutjes, and Michiel van der Molen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-372, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-372, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Under the Kyoto Protocol the carbon dioxide (CO2) balance for forest ecosystems was required to be measured. Consequently, CO2 flux measurements have been conducted in Loobos site in the Netherlands since 1996, becoming one of the 17 first FLUXNET sites globally. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the instrumentation, data processing and the resulting data archive, enabling its further use in data analysis, model development and validation of satellite data retrievals.
Mary Rose Mangan, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Marie Lothon, Guylaine Canut-Rocafort, and Oscar K. Hartogensis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8959–8981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using observations and high-resolution turbulence modeling, we examine the influence of irrigation-driven surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). We use a multi-scale approach for characterizing surface heterogeneity to explore how its influence on the ABL within a grid cell would change with higher-resolution models. We find that the height of the ABL is variable across short distances and that the surface heterogeneity is felt least strongly in the middle of the ABL.
Dieu Anh Tran, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Christoph Gerbig, Michał Gałkowski, Santiago Botía, Kim Faassen, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of CH4 data (2010–2021) from ZOTTO in Central Siberia shows an increase in the summer diurnal amplitude, driven by nighttime emissions. These trends correlate with rising soil temperature and moisture, especially in late summer. Peaks in 2012, 2016, and 2019 emission link to wildfires and wetland activity. Findings suggest wetlands as key CH4 sources and underscore the need for ongoing high-resolution monitoring in this region.
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Fredrik Jansson, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Sander Houweling
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4571–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new simulation platform based on the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) to simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their dispersion in turbulent environments at a hectometer resolution. This model incorporates both anthropogenic emission inventories and online ecosystem fluxes. Simulation results for the main urban area in the Netherlands demonstrate the strong potential of DALES to improve CO2 emission modeling and to support mitigation strategies.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Roderick Dewar, Kim A. P. Faassen, Teemu Hölttä, Remco de Kok, Ingrid T. Luijkx, and Timo Vesala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how oxygen moves through tiny pores in leaves, especially when water vapor is also flowing out. We show that under common conditions, oxygen can move from the leaf to the air even when its concentration is higher outside – a surprising effect. Our findings help explain oxygen exchange in still air and support better models of plant–atmosphere interactions.
Marc Castellnou Ribau, Mercedes Bachfischer, Marta Miralles Bover, Borja Ruiz, Laia Estivill, Jordi Pages, Pau Guarque, Brian Verhoeven, Zisoula Ntasiou, Ove Stokkeland, Chiel Van Herwaeeden, Tristan Roelofs, Martin Janssens, Cathelijne Stoof, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Firefighter entrapments can occur when wildfires escalate suddenly due to fire-atmosphere interactions. This study presents a method to analyze this in real-time using two weather balloon measurements: ambient and in-plume conditions. Researchers launched 156 balloons during wildfire seasons in Spain, Chile, Greece, and the Netherlands. This methodology detects sudden changes in fire behavior by comparing ambient and in-plume data, ultimately enhancing research on fire-atmosphere interactions.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1128, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1128, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Sreehari Kizhuveettil, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Luiz A. T. Machado, Martin Zöger, and Wiebke Frey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft measurements are used to investigate high-altitude downdrafts in tropical deep convective clouds. The cloud water present in the downdrafts and its intensity do not show any correlation. Surprisingly, downdrafts occurred in supersaturated regions, contradicting the classical view of subsaturated downdrafts. Up- and downdrafts of similar strength show similar particle size distributions. These findings shed new light on the interplay between deep convection dynamics and microphysics.
Kyaw Tha Paw U, Mary Rose Mangan, Jilmarie Stephens, Kosana Suvočarev, Jenae' Clay, Olmo Guerrero Medina, Emma Ware, Amanda Kerr-Munslow, James McGregor, John Kochendorfer, Megan McAuliffe, and Megan Metz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1485–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1485-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1485-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sonic anemometers measure wind velocity in three dimensions. They are used worldwide to help assess the trace gas exchange, critical to understanding climate change. However, their physical framework interferes with the flow they measure. We present a new way of correcting measurements from sonic anemometers of several types. The method uses measurements of vertical wind velocity and other turbulent velocities, compares their ratios, and from this yields correction factors for sonic anemometers.
Robbert Petrus Johannes Moonen, Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Oscar Karel Hartogensis, David Joan Bonell Fontas, Shujiro Komiya, Sam P. Jones, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understory ejections are distinct turbulent features emerging in prime tall forest ecosystems. We share a method to isolate understory ejections based on H2O-CO2 anomalie quadrants. From these, we calculate the flux contributions of understory ejections and all flux quadrants. In addition we show that a distinctly depleted isotopic composition can be found in the ejected water vapour. Finally, we explored the role of clouds as a potential trigger for understory ejections.
Leon Geers, Ruud Janssen, Gudrun Thorkelsdottir, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Martijn Schaap
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution data on reactive nitrogen deposition are needed to inform cost-effective policies. Here, we describe the implementation of a dry deposition module into a large eddy simulation code. With this model, we are able to represent the turbulent exchange of tracers at the hectometer resolution. The model calculates the dispersion and deposition of NOx and NH3 in great spatial detail, clearly showing the influence of local land use patterns.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Camilo del Río
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 109–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Water resources are fundamental for the social, economic, and natural development of (semi-)arid regions. Precipitation decreases due to climate change obligate us to find new water resources. Fog harvesting (FH) emerges as a complementary resource in regions where it is abundant but untapped. This research proposes a model to estimate FH potential in coastal (semi-)arid regions. This model could have broader applicability worldwide in regions where FH could be a viable water source.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, Bas Walraven, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Robbert P. J. Moonen, Getachew A. Adnew, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, David J. Bonell Fontas, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5787–5810, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isotope fluxes allow for net ecosystem gas exchange fluxes to be partitioned into sub-components like plant assimilation, respiration and transpiration, which can help us better understand the environmental drivers of each partial flux. We share the results of a field campaign isotope fluxes were derived using a combination of laser spectroscopy and eddy covariance. We found lag times and high frequency signal loss in the isotope fluxes we derived and present methods to correct for both.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Linh N. T. Nguyen, Eadin R. Broekema, Bert A. M. Kers, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Penelope A. Pickers, Andrew C. Manning, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Harro A. J. Meijer, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 851–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 provides a useful tracer for separately estimating photosynthesis and respiration processes in the forest carbon balance. This is highly relevant to better understand the expected biosphere sink, which determines future atmospheric CO2 levels. We therefore measured O2, CO2, and their ER above a boreal forest in Finland and investigated their diurnal behaviour for a representative day, and we show the most suitable way to determine the ER.
Micael Amore Cecchini, Marco de Bruine, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11867–11888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow clouds (vertical extent up to 3 km height) are ubiquitous throughout the Amazon and are responsible for redistributing the solar heat and moisture vertically and horizontally. They are a key component of the water cycle because they can grow past the shallow phase to contribute significantly to the precipitation formation. However, they need favourable environmental conditions to grow. In this study, we analyse how changing wind patterns affect the development of such shallow clouds.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Hugo J. de Boer, Paulina Concha Hernández, Chris R. T. Martes, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Sayak Basu, Muhammed O. Usman, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 4107–4127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The distinct carbon isotopic values of C3 and C4 plants are widely used to reconstruct past hydroclimate, where more C3 plants reflect wetter and C4 plants drier conditions. Here we examine the impact of regional hydroclimatic conditions on plant isotopic values in the Godavari River basin, India. We find that it is crucial to identify regional plant isotopic values and consider drought stress, which introduces a bias in C3 / C4 plant estimates and associated hydroclimate reconstructions.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Francisco Suárez, Ariadna Huerta-Viso, Imme Benedict, Alberto de la Fuente, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3709–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research brings a multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation in a saline lake of the Atacama Desert. Our findings reveal that evaporation is controlled differently depending on the timescale. Evaporation is controlled sub-diurnally by wind speed, regulated seasonally by radiation and modulated interannually by ENSO. Our research extends our understanding of evaporation, contributing to improving the climate change assessment and efficiency of water management in arid regions.
Ruben B. Schulte, Margreet C. van Zanten, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fine-scale simulation framework, utilizing large-eddy simulations, to assess NH3 measurements influenced by boundary-layer dynamics and turbulent dispersion of a nearby emission source. The minimum required distance from an emission source differs for concentration and flux measurements, from 0.5–3.0 km and 0.75–4.5 km, respectively. The simulation framework presented here proves to be a powerful and versatile tool for future NH3 research at high spatio-temporal resolutions.
Carlos Román-Cascón, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Pino, Carlos Yagüe, and Eric R. Pardyjak
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3939–3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The type of vegetation (or land cover) and its status influence the heat and water transfers between the surface and the air, affecting the processes that develop in the atmosphere at different (but connected) spatiotemporal scales. In this work, we investigate how these transfers are affected by the way the surface is represented in a widely used weather model. The results encourage including realistic high-resolution and updated land cover databases in models to improve their predictions.
Robin Stoffer, Caspar M. van Leeuwen, Damian Podareanu, Valeriu Codreanu, Menno A. Veerman, Martin Janssens, Oscar K. Hartogensis, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3769–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulent flows are often simulated with the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, which requires subgrid models to account for the smallest scales. Current subgrid models often require strong simplifying assumptions. We therefore developed a subgrid model based on artificial neural networks, which requires fewer assumptions. Our data-driven SGS model showed high potential in accurately representing the smallest scales but still introduced instability when incorporated into an actual LES.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Alberto de la Fuente, Ricardo Muñoz, José Rutllant, and Francisco Suárez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9125–9150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the evaporation of a saline lake in the Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert through a field experiment and regional modeling. Our results show that evaporation is controlled by two regimes: (1) in the morning by local conditions with low evaporation rates and low wind speed and (2) in the afternoon with high evaporation rates and high wind speed. Afternoon winds are connected to the regional Pacific Ocean–Andes flow.
Cited articles
Ball, J. T., Woodrow, I. E., and Berry, J. A.: A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions, in: Progress in photosynthesis research: volume 4 proceedings of the VIIth international congress on photosynthesis providence, Rhode Island, USA, august 10–15, 1986, 221–224, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0519-6_48, 1987. a
Best, M. J., Abramowitz, G., Johnson, H. R., Pitman, A. J., Balsamo, G., Boone, A., Cuntz. M., Decharme, B., Dirmeyer, P. A., Dong, J., Ek, M., Guo, Z., Haverd, V., van den Hurk, B. J. J., Nearing, G. S., Pak, B., Peters-Lidard, C., Santanello JR., J. A., Stevens, L., and Vuichard, N.: The plumbing of land surface models: benchmarking model performance, J. Hydrometeorol., 16, 1425–1442, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0158.1, 2015. a
Bonan, G. B., Patton, E. G., Finnigan, J. J., Baldocchi, D. D., and Harman, I. N.: Moving beyond the incorrect but useful paradigm: reevaluating big-leaf and multilayer plant canopies to model biosphere-atmosphere fluxes–a review, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 306, 108435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108435, 2021. a, b
Boone, A. A.: Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-arid Environment (LIAISE), Gewex News, HAL Id: hal-02392949, 2019. a
Boone, A., Bellvert, J., Best, M., Brooke, J., Canut-Rocafort, G., Cuxart, J., Hartogensis, O., Le Moigne, P., Miró, J. R., Polcher, J., Price, J., Quintana-Seguí, P., and Wooster, M.: Updates on the international land surface interactions with the atmosphere over the Iberian semi-arid environment (LIAISE) field campaign, Gewex News, HAL Id: hal-03842003, 2021. a, b
Boone, A. A., Bellvert, J., Best, M., Brooke, J., Canut-Rocafort, G., Cuxart, J., Hartogensis, O., Le Moigne, P., Ramon-Miró, J., Polcher, J., Price, J., Quintana-Seguí, P., and Wooster, M.: LIAISE Field Campaign dataset, Aeris Data, https://liaise.aeris-data.fr/products/ (last access: 13 May 2024), 2023. a
Boussetta, S., Balsamo, G., Beljaars, A., Panareda, A.-A., Calvet, J.-C., Jacobs, C., van den Hurk, B., Viterbo, P., Lafont, S., Dutra, E., Jarlan, L., Balzarolo, M., Papale, D., and van der Werf, G.: Natural land carbon dioxide exchanges in the ECMWF integrated forecasting system: Implementation and offline validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5923–5946, 2013. a
Calvet, J.-C., Noilhan, J., Roujean, J.-L., Bessemoulin, P., Cabelguenne, M., Olioso, A., and Wigneron, J.-P.: An interactive vegetation SVAT model tested against data from six contrasting sites, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 92, 73–95, 1998. a
Casso-Torralba, P., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Bosveld, F., Soler, M. R., Vermeulen, A., Werner, C., and Moors, E.: Diurnal and vertical variability of the sensible heat and carbon dioxide budgets in the atmospheric surface layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009583, 2008. a
Chen, T. H., Henderson-Sellers, A., Milly, P. C. D., Pitman, A. J., Beljaars, A. C. M., Polcher, J., Abramopoulos, F., Boone, A. A., Chang, S., Chen, F., Dai, Y., Desborough, C. E., Dickinson, R. E., Dümenil, L., Ek, M., Garratt, J. R., Gedney, N., Gusev, Y. M., Kim, J., Koster, R., Kowalczyk, E. A., Laval, K., Lean, J., Lettenmaier, D., Liang, X., Mahfouf, J.-F., Mengelkamp, H.-T., Mitchell, K., Nasonova, O. N., Noilhan, J., Robock, A., Rosenzweig, C., Schaake, J., Schlosser, C. A., Schulz, J.-P., Shao, Y., Shmakin, A. B., Verseghy, D. L., Wetzel, P., Wood, E. F., Xue, Y., Yang, Z.-L., and Zeng, Q.: Cabauw experimental results from the project for intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes, J. Climate, 10, 1194–1215, 1997. a
Collatz, G. J., Ball, J. T., Grivet, C., and Berry, J. A.: Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 54, 107–136, 1991. a
Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Webb, M., Gregory, J. M., and Boucher, O.: Carbon dioxide induced stomatal closure increases radiative forcing via a rapid reduction in low cloud, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036273, 2009. a
Echer, F. R. and Rosolem, C. A.: Cotton leaf gas exchange responses to irradiance and leaf aging, Biol. Plantarum, 59, 366–372, 2015. a
Farquhar, G. D., von Caemmerer, S. V., and Berry, J. A.: A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C 3 species, Planta, 149, 78–90, 1980. a
Goudriaan, J., Van Laar, H., Van Keulen, H., and Louwerse, W.: Photosynthesis, CO2 and plant production, Wheat Growth and Modelling, NATO ASI Science, vol 86. Springer, Boston, MA, 107–122, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3665-3_10, 1985. a, b, c, d
Helbig, M., Gerken, T., Beamesderfer, E. R., Baldocchi, D. D., Banerjee, T., Biraud, S. C., Brown, W. O. J., Brunsell, N. A., Burakowski, E. A., Burns, S. P., Butterworth, B. J., Chan, W. S., Davis, K. J., Desai, A. R., Fuentes, J. D., Hollinger, D. Y., Kljun, N., Mauder, M., Novick, K. A., Perkins, J. M., Rahn, D. A., Rey-Sánchez, C., Santanello, J. A., Scott, R. L., Seyednasrollah, B., Stoy, P. C., Sullivan, R. C., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Wharton, S., Yi, C., and Richardson, A. D.: Integrating continuous atmospheric boundary layer and tower-based flux measurements to advance understanding of land-atmosphere interactions, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 307, 108509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108509, 2021. a
Henderson-Sellers, A., Pitman, A., Love, P., Irannejad, P., and Chen, T.: The project for intercomparison of land surface parameterization schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 76, 489–504, 1995. a
Holtslag, A., Svensson, G., Baas, P., Basu, S., Beare, B., Beljaars, A., Bosveld, F., Cuxart, J., Lindvall, J., Steeneveld, G., Tjernström, M., and van de Wiel, B. J. H.: Stable atmospheric boundary layers and diurnal cycles: challenges for weather and climate models, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1691–1706, 2013. a
Jacobs, C. M. and de Bruin, H. A.: Predicting regional transpiration at elevated atmospheric CO2: influence of the PBL–vegetation interaction, J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 36, 1663–1675, 1997. a
Jarvis, P. G. and McNaughton, K.: Stomatal control of transpiration: scaling up from leaf to region, in: Advances in ecological research, 15, 1–49, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60119-1, 1986. a, b, c
Kaimal, J. C. and Finnigan, J. J.: Atmospheric boundary layer flows: their structure and measurement, Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.001.0001, 1994. a
Kivalov, S. N. and Fitzjarrald, D. R.: Quantifying and modelling the effect of cloud shadows on the surface irradiance at tropical and midlatitude forests, Boundary-Lay. Meteorol., 166, 165–198, 2018. a
Knohl, A. and Baldocchi, D. D.: Effects of diffuse radiation on canopy gas exchange processes in a forest ecosystem, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000663, 2008. a
Mangan, M. R., Hartogensis, O., Boone, A., Branch, O., Canut, G., Cuxart, J., de Boer, H. J., Le Page, M., Martínez-Villagrasa, D., Miró, J. R., Price, J., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: The surface-boundary layer connection across spatial scales of irrigation-driven thermal heterogeneity: An integrated data and modeling study of the LIAISE field campaign, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 335, 109452, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109452, 2023a. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Mangan, M. R., Hartogensis, O., van Heerwaarden, C., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Evapotranspiration controls across spatial scales of heterogeneity, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 149, 2696–2718, 2023b. a
Masson, V., Le Moigne, P., Martin, E., Faroux, S., Alias, A., Alkama, R., Belamari, S., Barbu, A., Boone, A., Bouyssel, F., Brousseau, P., Brun, E., Calvet, J.-C., Carrer, D., Decharme, B., Delire, C., Donier, S., Essaouini, K., Gibelin, A.-L., Giordani, H., Habets, F., Jidane, M., Kerdraon, G., Kourzeneva, E., Lafaysse, M., Lafont, S., Lebeaupin Brossier, C., Lemonsu, A., Mahfouf, J.-F., Marguinaud, P., Mokhtari, M., Morin, S., Pigeon, G., Salgado, R., Seity, Y., Taillefer, F., Tanguy, G., Tulet, P., Vincendon, B., Vionnet, V., and Voldoire, A.: The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 929–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-929-2013, 2013. a
Mol, W. B., van Stratum, B. J., Knap, W. H., and van Heerwaarden, C. C.: Reconciling observations of solar irradiance variability with cloud size distributions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2022JD037894, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037894, 2023. a, b, c
Monin, Andre\ĭ, S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere, Contrib. Geophys. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, 151, e187, 1954. a
Niyogi, D., Chang, H.-I., Saxena, V., Holt, T., Alapaty, K., Booker, F., Chen, F., Davis, K. J., Holben, B., Matsui, T., Meyers, T., Oechel, W. C., Pielke Sr., R. A., Wells, R., Wilson, K., and Xue, Y.: Direct observations of the effects of aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over different landscapes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020915, 2004. a, b, c
Noilhan, J. and Planton, S.: A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 536–549, 1989. a
Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Patton, E., Moene, A., Ouwersloot, H., Gerken, T., Machado, L., Martin, S., Sörgel, M., Stoy, P., Yamasoe, M., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Investigating the Diurnal Radiative, Turbulent, and Biophysical Processes in the Amazonian Canopy-Atmosphere Interface by Combining LES Simulations and Observations, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 15, e2022MS003210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003210, 2023. a
Renner, M., Brenner, C., Mallick, K., Wizemann, H.-D., Conte, L., Trebs, I., Wei, J., Wulfmeyer, V., Schulz, K., and Kleidon, A.: Using phase lags to evaluate model biases in simulating the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration: a case study in Luxembourg, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 515–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, 2019. a
Restrepo-Coupe, N., Levine, N. M., Christoffersen, B. O., Albert, L. P., Wu, J., Costa, M. H., Galbraith, D., Imbuzeiro, H., Martins, G., da Araujo, A. C., Malhi, Y. S., Zeng, X., Moorcroft, P., and Saleska, S. R.: Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data-model intercomparison, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 191–208, 2017. a
Séférian, R., Delire, C., Decharme, B., Voldoire, A., Salas y Melia, D., Chevallier, M., Saint-Martin, D., Aumont, O., Calvet, J.-C., Carrer, D., Douville, H., Franchistéguy, L., Joetzjer, E., and Sénési, S.: Development and evaluation of CNRM Earth system model – CNRM-ESM1, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1423–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1423-2016, 2016. a
Sellers, P., Randall, D., Collatz, G., Berry, J., Field, C., Dazlich, D., Zhang, C., Collelo, G., and Bounoua, L.: A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part I: Model formulation, J. Climate, 9, 676–705, 1996. a
Sikma, M., Ouwersloot, H., Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Van Heerwaarden, C., and de Arellano, J. V.-G.: Interactions between vegetation, atmospheric turbulence and clouds under a wide range of background wind conditions, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 255, 31–43, 2018. a
Stull, R. B.: An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, vol. 13, Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-90-277-2769-5, 1988. a
Tolk, J. A., Evett, S. R., and Howell, T. A.: Advection influences on evapotranspiration of alfalfa in a semiarid climate, Agron. J., 98, 1646–1654, 2006. a
van Diepen, K., Goudriaan, J., Vilà-guerau De Arellano, J., and De Boer, H.: Comparison of C3 Photosynthetic Responses to Light and CO2 Predicted by the Leaf Photosynthesis Models of Farquhar et al.(1980) and Goudriaan et al.(1985), J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 14, e2021MS002976, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002976, 2022. a
van Heerwaarden, C. C., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Moene, A. F., and Holtslag, A. A.: Interactions between dry-air entrainment, surface evaporation and convective boundary-layer development, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society: A journal of the atmospheric sciences, Applied Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, 135, 1277–1291, 2009. a, b, c, d
Vico, G., Manzoni, S., Palmroth, S., and Katul, G.: Effects of stomatal delays on the economics of leaf gas exchange under intermittent light regimes, New Phytol., 192, 640–652, 2011. a
Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Ouwersloot, H. G., Baldocchi, D., and Jacobs, C. M.: Shallow cumulus rooted in photosynthesis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1796–1802, 2014. a
Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Ney, P., Hartogensis, O., de Boer, H., van Diepen, K., Emin, D., de Groot, G., Klosterhalfen, A., Langensiepen, M., Matveeva, M., Miranda-García, G., Moene, A. F., Rascher, U., Röckmann, T., Adnew, G., Brüggemann, N., Rothfuss, Y., and Graf, A.: CloudRoots: integration of advanced instrumental techniques and process modelling of sub-hourly and sub-kilometre land–atmosphere interactions, Biogeosciences, 17, 4375–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, 2020. a
Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Hartogensis, O., Benedict, I., de Boer, H., Bosman, P. J. M., Botía, S., Cecchini, M. A., Fassen, K. A. P., González-Armas, R., van Diepen, K., Heusinkveld, B. G., Janssens, M., Lobos-Roco, F., Luijkx, I. T., Machado, L. A. T., Mangan, M. R., Moene, A. F., Mol, W. B., van der Molen, M., Moonen, R., Ouwersloot, H. G., Park, S.-W., Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Röckmann, T., Adnew, G. A., Ronda, R., Sikma, M., Schulte, R., van Stratum, B. J. H., Veerman, M. A., van Zanten, M. C., van Heerwaarden, C. C.: Advancing understanding of land–atmosphere interactions by breaking discipline and scale barriers, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2023. a
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint