Articles | Volume 22, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Feb 2025
Research article |
| 26 Feb 2025
| 26 Feb 2025
Spatial distributions of iron and manganese in surface waters of the Arctic's Laptev and East Siberian seas
Naoya Kanna
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Kazutaka Tateyama
Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami-shi, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
Takuji Waseda
Department of Ocean Technology, Policy and Environment, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Anna Timofeeva
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 199397 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Maria Papadimitraki
National Institute of Aquatic Resources-Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
Laura Whitmore
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7340, USA
Hajime Obata
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Daiki Nomura
Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate-shi, Hokkaido 041-0821, Japan
Hiroshi Ogawa
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Youhei Yamashita
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
Igor Polyakov
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7340, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Huailin Deng, Koji Suzuki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Jun Nishioka
Biogeosciences, 22, 1495–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) and nitrate are vital for primary production in the North Pacific. Sedimentary Fe is carried by North Pacific Intermediate Water to the North Pacific, but the nutrient return path and its effect on phytoplankton are unclear. By combining Fe and macronutrient fluxes with phytoplankton composition, this study firstly revealed that Fe supply from the subsurface greatly controls diatom abundance and identified the nutrient return path in the subarctic gyre and Kuroshio–Oyashio transition area.
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Alexandra Bozec, Eric P. Chassignet, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Andy McC. Hogg, Doroteaciro Iovino, Andrew E. Kiss, Nikolay Koldunov, Julien Le Sommer, Yiwen Li, Pengfei Lin, Hailong Liu, Igor Polyakov, Patrick Scholz, Dmitry Sidorenko, Shizhu Wang, and Xiaobiao Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 347–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing resolution improves model skills in simulating the Arctic Ocean, but other factors such as parameterizations and numerics are at least of the same importance for obtaining reliable simulations.
Öykü Z. Mete, Adam V. Subhas, Heather H. Kim, Ann G. Dunlea, Laura M. Whitmore, Alan M. Shiller, Melissa Gilbert, William D. Leavitt, and Tristan J. Horner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4023–4045, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present results from a machine learning model that accurately predicts dissolved barium concentrations for the global ocean. Our results reveal that the whole-ocean barium inventory is significantly lower than previously thought and that the deep ocean below 1000 m is at equilibrium with respect to barite. The model output can be used for a number of applications, including intercomparison, interpolation, and identification of regions warranting additional investigation.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Joey J. Voermans, Qingxiang Liu, Aleksey Marchenko, Jean Rabault, Kirill Filchuk, Ivan Ryzhov, Petra Heil, Takuji Waseda, Takehiko Nose, Tsubasa Kodaira, Jingkai Li, and Alexander V. Babanin
The Cryosphere, 15, 5557–5575, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5557-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5557-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have shown through field experiments that the amount of wave energy dissipated in landfast ice, sea ice attached to land, is much larger than in broken ice. By comparing our measurements against predictions of contemporary wave–ice interaction models, we determined which models can explain our observations and which cannot. Our results will improve our understanding of how waves and ice interact and how we can model such interactions to better forecast waves and ice in the polar regions.
H. Jakob Belter, Thomas Krumpen, Luisa von Albedyll, Tatiana A. Alekseeva, Gerit Birnbaum, Sergei V. Frolov, Stefan Hendricks, Andreas Herber, Igor Polyakov, Ian Raphael, Robert Ricker, Sergei S. Serovetnikov, Melinda Webster, and Christian Haas
The Cryosphere, 15, 2575–2591, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Summer sea ice thickness observations based on electromagnetic induction measurements north of Fram Strait show a 20 % reduction in mean and modal ice thickness from 2001–2020. The observed variability is caused by changes in drift speeds and consequential variations in sea ice age and number of freezing-degree days. Increased ocean heat fluxes measured upstream in the source regions of Arctic ice seem to precondition ice thickness, which is potentially still measurable more than a year later.
Fuminori Hashihama, Hiroaki Saito, Taketoshi Kodama, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Jota Kanda, Iwao Tanita, Hiroshi Ogawa, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Philip W. Boyd, and Ken Furuya
Biogeosciences, 18, 897–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the nutrient assimilation characteristics of deep-water-induced phytoplankton blooms across the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. Nutrient drawdown ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphate were anomalously low in the western North Pacific, likely due to the high phosphate uptake capability of low-phosphate-adapted phytoplankton. The anomalous phosphate uptake might influence the maintenance of chronic phosphate depletion in the western North Pacific.
Thomas Krumpen, Florent Birrien, Frank Kauker, Thomas Rackow, Luisa von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Ellen Damm, Klaus Dethloff, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Carolynn Harris, Stefan Hendricks, Jens Hoelemann, Mario Hoppmann, Lars Kaleschke, Michael Karcher, Nikolai Kolabutin, Ruibo Lei, Josefine Lenz, Anne Morgenstern, Marcel Nicolaus, Uwe Nixdorf, Tomash Petrovsky, Benjamin Rabe, Lasse Rabenstein, Markus Rex, Robert Ricker, Jan Rohde, Egor Shimanchuk, Suman Singha, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Vladimir Sokolov, Tim Stanton, Anna Timofeeva, Michel Tsamados, and Daniel Watkins
The Cryosphere, 14, 2173–2187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2019 the research vessel Polarstern was moored to an ice floe in order to travel with it on the 1-year-long MOSAiC journey through the Arctic. Here we provide historical context of the floe's evolution and initial state for upcoming studies. We show that the ice encountered on site was exceptionally thin and was formed on the shallow Siberian shelf. The analyses presented provide the initial state for the analysis and interpretation of upcoming biogeochemical and ecological studies.
Takehiko Nose, Takuji Waseda, Tsubasa Kodaira, and Jun Inoue
The Cryosphere, 14, 2029–2052, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2029-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2029-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wave modelling in and near ice-covered ocean requires true sea ice concentration mapping of the model region. The information derived from satellite instruments has considerable uncertainty depending on retrieval algorithms and sensors. This study shows that the accuracy of satellite-retrieved sea ice concentration estimates is a major error source in wave–ice models. A similar feedback effect of sea ice concentration uncertainty may also apply to modelling lower atmospheric conditions.
Stanford B. Hooker, Atsushi Matsuoka, Raphael M. Kudela, Youhei Yamashita, Koji Suzuki, and Henry F. Houskeeper
Biogeosciences, 17, 475–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A Kd(λ) and aCDOM(440) data set spanned oceanic, coastal, and inland waters. The algorithmic approach, based on Kd end-member pairs, can be used globally. End-members with the largest spectral span had an accuracy of 1.2–2.4 % (RMSE). Validation was influenced by subjective
nonconservativewater masses. The influence of subcategories was confirmed with an objective cluster analysis.
Andrey V. Pnyushkov, Igor V. Polyakov, Robert Rember, Vladimir V. Ivanov, Matthew B. Alkire, Igor M. Ashik, Till M. Baumann, Genrikh V. Alekseev, and Arild Sundfjord
Ocean Sci., 14, 1349–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1349-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1349-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes along-slope volume, heat, and salt transports derived from observations collected between 2013 and 2015 in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean using a cross-slope array of six moorings. Inferred transport estimates may have wide implications and should be considered when assessing high-latitude ocean dynamics.
Andrey Pnyushkov, Igor V. Polyakov, Laurie Padman, and An T. Nguyen
Ocean Sci., 14, 1329–1347, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 4 years of velocity and hydrography records from moored profilers over the Laptev Sea slope reveal multiple events of eddies passing through the mooring site. These events suggest that the advection of mesoscale eddies is an important component of ocean dynamics in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Increased vertical shear of current velocities found within eddies produces enhanced diapycnal mixing, suggesting their importance for the redistribution of heat in the Arctic Ocean.
Daiki Nomura, Mats A. Granskog, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Anna Silyakova, Kay I. Ohshima, Lana Cohen, Bruno Delille, Stephen R. Hudson, and Gerhard S. Dieckmann
Biogeosciences, 15, 3331–3343, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018, 2018
Matthew B. Alkire, Igor Polyakov, Robert Rember, Andrey Pnyushkov, Vladimir Ivanov, and Igor Ashik
Ocean Sci., 13, 983–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity, and the stable oxygen isotope ratio of seawater were collected along the slopes of the Barents, Kara, and Laptev seas during late summer of 2013 and 2015. Two separate mixing regimes were identified that describe the initial and final stages of halocline water formation. The linear regressions defining the mixing regimes appear to be stable despite the dramatic environmental changes observed over the Arctic Ocean over the past two decades.
I. A. Dmitrenko, S. A. Kirillov, N. Serra, N. V. Koldunov, V. V. Ivanov, U. Schauer, I. V. Polyakov, D. Barber, M. Janout, V. S. Lien, M. Makhotin, and Y. Aksenov
Ocean Sci., 10, 719–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-719-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-719-2014, 2014
D. Bauch, S. Torres-Valdes, I. Polyakov, A. Novikhin, I. Dmitrenko, J. McKay, and A. Mix
Ocean Sci., 10, 141–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014, 2014
Y. Yamashita, Y. Nosaka, K. Suzuki, H. Ogawa, K. Takahashi, and H. Saito
Biogeosciences, 10, 7207–7217, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7207-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7207-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Phytoplankton community structure in relation to iron and macronutrient fluxes from subsurface waters in the western North Pacific during summer
Intense and localized export of selected marine snow types at eddy edges in the South Atlantic Ocean
Climate-driven shifts in Southern Ocean primary producers and biogeochemistry in CMIP6 models
Ocean acidification trends and carbonate system dynamics across the North Atlantic subpolar gyre water masses during 2009–2019
Sedimentary organic matter signature hints at the phytoplankton-driven biological carbon pump in the central Arabian Sea
Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial patterns on the climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry
Assessing the tropical Atlantic biogeochemical processes in the Norwegian Earth System Model
Evolution of oxygen and stratification and their relationship in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth system models
Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance in simulating historical biogeochemistry across the southern South China Sea
Drivers of decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink in the past, present, and future in Earth system models
Anthropogenic carbon storage and its decadal changes in the Atlantic between 1990–2020
Ocean alkalinity enhancement impacts: regrowth of marine microalgae in alkaline mineral concentrations simulating the initial concentrations after ship-based dispersions
Inadequacies in the representation of sub-seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Earth system models
Climatic controls on metabolic constraints in the ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Hybrid model estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022
Relationships between the concentration of particulate organic nitrogen and the inherent optical properties of seawater in oceanic surface waters
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Ocean alkalinity enhancement in an open ocean ecosystem: Biogeochemical responses and carbon storage durability
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Huailin Deng, Koji Suzuki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Jun Nishioka
Biogeosciences, 22, 1495–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) and nitrate are vital for primary production in the North Pacific. Sedimentary Fe is carried by North Pacific Intermediate Water to the North Pacific, but the nutrient return path and its effect on phytoplankton are unclear. By combining Fe and macronutrient fluxes with phytoplankton composition, this study firstly revealed that Fe supply from the subsurface greatly controls diatom abundance and identified the nutrient return path in the subarctic gyre and Kuroshio–Oyashio transition area.
Alexandre Accardo, Rémi Laxenaire, Alberto Baudena, Sabrina Speich, Rainer Kiko, and Lars Stemmann
Biogeosciences, 22, 1183–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The open ocean helps mitigate climate change by storing CO2 via the biological carbon pump (BCP), which involves processes like organic carbon production at the surface and transferring it to the deep ocean via various pathways. By deploying an autonomous platform, we found significant marine snow accumulation from the surface to the mesopelagic zone in frontal regions between eddies. We suggest that the coupling of hydrodynamics at eddy edges and biological activity may enhance this process.
Ben J. Fisher, Alex J. Poulton, Michael P. Meredith, Kimberlee Baldry, Oscar Schofield, and Sian F. Henley
Biogeosciences, 22, 975–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-975-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-975-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean is a rapidly warming environment, with subsequent impacts on ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. This study examines changes in phytoplankton and biogeochemistry using a range of climate models. Under climate change, the Southern Ocean will be warmer, more acidic and more productive and will have reduced nutrient availability by 2100. However, there is substantial variability between models across key productivity parameters. We propose ways of reducing this uncertainty.
David Curbelo-Hernández, Fiz F. Pérez, Melchor González-Dávila, Sergey V. Gladyshev, Aridane G. González, David González-Santana, Antón Velo, Alexey Sokov, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 5561–5589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5561-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5561-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluated CO2–carbonate system dynamics in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre during 2009–2019. Significant ocean acidification, largely due to rising anthropogenic CO2 levels, was found. Cooling, freshening, and enhanced convective processes intensified this trend, affecting calcite and aragonite saturation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ocean acidification and improve our knowledge about its impact on marine ecosystems.
Medhavi Pandey, Haimanti Biswas, Daniel Birgel, Nicole Burdanowitz, and Birgit Gaye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4681–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed sea surface temperature (SST) proxy and plankton biomarkers in sediments that accumulate sinking material signatures from surface waters in the central Arabian Sea (21°–11° N, 64° E), a tropical basin impacted by monsoons. We saw a north–south SST gradient, and the biological proxies showed more organic matter from larger algae in the north. Smaller algae and zooplankton were more numerous in the south. These trends were related to ocean–atmospheric processes and oxygen availability.
Allison Hogikyan and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 21, 4621–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising atmospheric CO2 influences ocean carbon chemistry, leading to ocean acidification. Global warming introduces spatial patterns in the intensity of ocean acidification. We show that the most prominent spatial patterns are controlled by warming-driven changes in rainfall and evaporation, not by the direct effect of warming on carbon chemistry and pH. These evaporation and rainfall patterns oppose acidification in saltier parts of the ocean and enhance acidification in fresher regions.
Shunya Koseki, Lander R. Crespo, Jerry Tjiputra, Filippa Fransner, Noel S. Keenlyside, and David Rivas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4149–4168, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how the physical biases of an Earth system model influence the marine biogeochemical processes in the tropical Atlantic. With four different configurations of the model, we have shown that the versions with better SST reproduction tend to better represent the primary production and air–sea CO2 flux in terms of climatology, seasonal cycle, and response to climate variability.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences, 21, 3985–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and analyzed its predictability, a strong O2–IPV connection, and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This opens new routes for monitoring ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Winfred Marshal, Jing Xiang Chung, Nur Hidayah Roseli, Roswati Md Amin, and Mohd Fadzil Bin Mohd Akhir
Biogeosciences, 21, 4007–4035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study stands out for thoroughly examining CMIP6 ESMs' ability to simulate biogeochemical variables in the southern South China Sea, an economically important region. It assesses variables like chlorophyll, phytoplankton, nitrate, and oxygen on annual and seasonal scales. While global assessments exist, this study addresses a gap by objectively ranking 13 CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry models' performance at a regional level, focusing on replicating specific observed biogeochemical variables.
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 21, 3903–3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the ocean’s importance in the carbon cycle and hence the climate, observing the ocean carbon sink remains challenging. Here, I use an ensemble of 12 models to understand drivers of decadal trends of the past, present, and future ocean carbon sink. I show that 80 % of the decadal trends in the multi-model mean ocean carbon sink can be explained by changes in decadal trends in atmospheric CO2. The remaining 20 % are due to internal climate variability and ocean heat uptake.
Reiner Steinfeldt, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke
Biogeosciences, 21, 3839–3867, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the amount of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Atlantic for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Cant is the carbon that is taken up by the ocean as a result of humanmade CO2 emissions. To determine the amount of Cant, we apply a technique that is based on the observations of other humanmade gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons). Regionally, changes in ocean ventilation have an impact on the storage of Cant. Overall, the increase in Cant is driven by the rising CO2 in the atmosphere.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, August E. Dessen Tobiesen, Andrew L. King, and Erik Höglund
Biogeosciences, 21, 3677–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the ocean might reduce excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amounts because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating the expected concentrations from a ship's dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide.
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi, Olivier Aumont, Lester Kwiatkowski, and Marina Levy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2294, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study assesses the capability of CMIP6 models to reproduce satellite observations of sub-seasonal chlorophyll variability. Models struggle to reproduce the sub-seasonal variance and its contribution across timescales. Some models overestimate sub-seasonal variance and exaggerate its role in annual fluctuations, while others underestimate it. Underestimation is likely due to the coarse resolution of models, while overestimation may result from intrinsic oscillations in biogeochemical models.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
Biogeosciences, 21, 3477–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that capture the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen and a CESM1 large ensemble to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitats in the future. We find that warming and dissolved oxygen loss over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitats and will increase organisms' vulnerability to extremes.
Charly A. Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart T. Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai G. Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3463–3475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain sizes dissolved faster but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain sizes are optimal for kinetics.
Jens Terhaar
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2171, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2171, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a major natural carbon sink. Despite its importance, estimates of the ocean carbon sink remain uncertain. Here, I present a hybrid model estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022. By combining ocean models in hindcast mode and Earth System Models, I keep the strength of each approach and remove the respective weaknesses. This hybrid model estimate is similar in magnitude than the best estimate of the Global Carbon Budget but 70 % less uncertain.
Alain Fumenia, Hubert Loisel, Rick Allen Reynolds, and Dariusz Stramski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2218, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in the ocean refers to nitrogen contained in particles suspended such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, viruses, and organic detritus. We used field measurements to determine relationships between PON and inherent optical properties of seawater across a broad range of marine environments. The presented relationships are expected to have application in the assessment of PON distribution and variations from in situ and satellite optical observations
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
Biogeosciences, 21, 3121–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification are sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and in size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Allanah Joy Paul, Mathias Haunost, Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Jens Hartmann, Nicolás Sánchez, Julieta Schneider, Niels Suitner, and Ulf Riebesell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-417, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-417, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is being assessed for its potential to absorb atmospheric CO2 and store it for a long time. OAE still needs comprehensive assessment of its safety and effectiveness. We studied an idealised OAE application in a natural low nutrient ecosystem over one month. Our results showed that biogeochemical functioning remained mostly stable, but that the long-term capability for storing carbon may be limited at high alkalinity concentration.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Zuozhu Wen, Thomas J. Browning, Rongbo Dai, Wenwei Wu, Weiying Li, Xiaohua Hu, Wenfang Lin, Lifang Wang, Xin Liu, Zhimian Cao, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5237–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Cited articles
Aguilar-Islas, A. M., Rember, R., Nishino, S., Kikuchi, T., and Itoh, M.: Partitioning and lateral transport of iron to the Canada Basin, Polar Sci., 7, 82–99, 2013.
Alling, V., Sanchez-garcia, L., Porcelli, D., Pugach, S., Vonk, J. E., Van Dongen, B., Mörth, C., Anderson, L. G., Sokolov, A., Andersson, P., Humborg, C., Semiletov, I., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Nonconservative behavior of dissolved organic carbon across the Laptev and East Siberian seas, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB4033, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003834, 2010.
Anderson, L. G. and Macdonald, R. W.: Observing the Arctic Ocean carbon cycle in a changing environment, Polar Res., 34, 26891, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.26891, 2015.
Anderson, L. G., Björk, G., Holby, O., Jutterström, S., Mörth, C. M., O'Regan, M., Pearce, C., Semiletov, I., Stranne, C., Stöven, T., Tanhua, T., Ulfsbo, A., and Jakobsson, M.: Shelf–Basin interaction along the East Siberian Sea, Ocean Sci., 13, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, 2017.
Bauch, D. and Cherniavskaia, E.: Water mass classification on a highly variable arctic shelf region: Origin of Laptev sea water masses and implications for the nutrient budget, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 123, 1896–1906, 2018.
Bauch, D., Van Der Loeff, M. R., Andersen, N., Torres-Valdes, S., Bakker, K., and Abrahamsen, E. P.: Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007, Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 482–495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2011.07.017, 2011.
Bauch, D., Torres-Valdes, S., Polyakov, I., Novikhin, A., Dmitrenko, I., McKay, J., and Mix, A.: Halocline water modification and along-slope advection at the Laptev Sea continental margin, Ocean Sci., 10, 141–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014, 2014.
Bolt, C., Aguilar-Islas, A., and Rember, R.: Particulate trace metals in Arctic snow, sea ice, and underlying surface waters during the 2015 US western Arctic GEOTRACES cruise GN01, ACS Earth Space Chem., 4, 2444–2460, 2020.
Brogi, S., Jung, J. Y., Ha, S., and Hur, J.: Seasonal differences in dissolved organic matter properties and sources in an Arctic fjord: Implications for future conditions, Sci. Total Environ., 694, 133740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133740, 2019.
Charette, M. A., Kipp, L. E., Jensen, L. T., Dabrowski, J. S., Whitmore, L. M., Fitzsimmons, J. N., Williford, T., Ulfsbo, A., Jones, E., Bundy, R. M., Vivancos, S. M., Pahnke, K., John, S. G., Xiang, Y., Hatta, M., Petrova, M. V., Heimbürger-Boavida, L., Bauch, D., Newton, R., Pasqualini, A., Agather, A. M., Amon, R. M. W., Anderson, R. F., Andersson, P. S., Benner, R., Bowman, K. L., Edwards, R. L., Gdaniec, S., Gerringa, L. J. A., González, A. G., Granskog, M., Haley, B., Hammerschmidt, C. R., Hansell, D. A., Henderson, P. B., Kadko, D. C., Kaiser, K., Laan, P., Lam, P. J., Lamborg, C. H., Levier, M., Li, X., Margolin, A. R., Measures, C., Middag, R., Millero, F. J., Moore, W. S., Paffrath, R., Planquette, H., Rabe, B., Reader, H., Rember, R., Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Roy-Barman, M., Rutgers van der Loeff, M., Saito, M., Schauer, U., Schlosser, P., Sherrell, R. M., Shiller, A. M., Slagter, H., Sonke, J. E., Stedmon, C., Woosley, R. J., Valk, O., van Ooijen, J., and Zhang, R.: The transpolar drift as a source of riverine and shelf-derived trace elements to the Central Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015920, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015920, 2020.
Chen, M., Jung, J., Lee, Y. K., and Hur, J.: Surface accumulation of low molecular weight dissolved organic matter in surface waters and horizontal off-shelf spreading of nutrients and humic-like fluorescence in the Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, Sci. Total Environ., 639, 624–632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.205, 2018.
Cid, A. P., Urushihara, S., Minami, T., Norisuye, K., and Sohrin, Y.: Stoichiometry among bioactive trace metals in seawater on the Bering Sea shelf, J. Oceanogr., 67, 747–764, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0070-z, 2011.
Cid, A. P., Nakatsuka, S., and Sohrin, Y.: Stoichiometry among bioactive trace metals in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, J. Oceanogr., 68, 985–1001, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-012-0150-8, 2012.
Clement Kinney, J., Assmann, K. M., Maslowski, W., Björk, G., Jakobsson, M., Jutterström, S., Lee, Y. J., Osinski, R., Semiletov, I., Ulfsbo, A., Wåhlström, I., and Anderson, L. G.: On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea, Ocean Sci., 18, 29–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-29-2022, 2022.
Coble, P. G.: Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, Mar. Chem., 51, 325–346, 1996.
Cooper, L. W., Benner, R., Mcclelland, J. W., Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., Raymond, P. A., Hansell, D. A., Grebmeier, J. M., and Codispoti, L. A.: Linkages among runoff, dissolved organic carbon, and the stable oxygen isotope composition of seawater and other water mass indicators in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 110, G02013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000031, 2005.
Dai, M. and Martin, J.: First data on trace metal level and behavior in two major Arctic river-estuarine systems (Ob and Yenisey) and in the adjacent Kara Sea, Russia, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 131, 127–141, 1995.
Davis, J. and Benner, R.: Quantitative estimates of labile and semi-labile dissolved organic carbon in the Western Arctic Ocean: A molecular approach, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 2434–2444, 2007.
Doglioni, F., Ricker, R., Rabe, B., Barth, A., Troupin, C., and Kanzow, T.: Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 225–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-225-2023, 2023.
Eicken, H., Kolatschek, J., Freitag, J., Lindemann, F., Kassens, H., and Dmitrenko, I.: A key source area and constraints on entrainment for basin-scale sediment transport by Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1919–1922, 2000.
Eicken, H., Gradinger, R., Gaylord, A., Mahoney, A., Rigor, I., and Melling, H.: Sediment transport by sea ice in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas: Increasing importance due to changing ice conditions?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 3281–3302, 2005.
Evans, L. K. and Nishioka, J.: Accumulation processes of trace metals into Arctic sea ice: distribution of Fe, Mn and Cd associated with ice structure, Mar. Chem., 209, 36–47, 2019.
Feng, D., Gleason, C. J., Lin, P., Yang, X., Pan, M., and Ishitsuka, Y.: Recent changes to Arctic river discharge, Nat. Commun., 12, 6917, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1, 2021.
Fox-Kemper, B., H. T. Hewitt, C. Xiao, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, S. S. Drijfhout, T. L. Edwards, N. R. Golledge, M. Hemer, R. E. Kopp, G. Krinner, A. Mix, D. Notz, S. Nowicki, I. S. Nurhati, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A. B. A. Slangen, and Y. Yu.: Ocean, cryosphere and sea Level Change, in: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.011, 1211–1362, 2021.
GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product Group: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2021v2 (IDP2021v2), NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/ff46f034-f47c-05f9-e053-6c86abc0dc7e, 2023.
Gerringa, L. J. A., Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Slagter, H. A., Laan, P., Paffrath, R., Bauch, D., Rutgers Van Der Loeff, M., and Middag, R.: Dissolved Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 126, e2021JC017323, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017323, 2021.
Gledhill, M. and Buck, K. N.: The organic complexation of iron in the marine environment: a review, Front. Microbiol., 3, 18807, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00069, 2012.
Golden, K. M., Ackley, S. F., and Lytle, V. I.: The percolation phase transition in sea ice, Science, 282, 2238–2241, 1998.
Goto, S., Tada, Y., Suzuki, K., and Yamashita, Y.: Evaluation of the Production of Dissolved Organic Matter by Three Marine Bacterial Strains, Front. Microbiol., 11, 584419, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.584419, 2020.
Green, S. A. and Blough, N. V.: Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1903–1916, 1994.
Gruber, N. and Sarmiento, J. L.: Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 11, 235–266, 1997.
Guieu, C., Huang, W. W., Martin, J., and Yong, Y. Y.: Outflow of trace metals into the Laptev Sea by the Lena River, Mar. Chem., 53, 255–267, 1996.
Hioki, N., Kuma, K., Morita, Y., Sasayama, R., Ooki, A., Kondo, Y., Obata, H., Nishioka, J., Yamashita, Y., Nishino, S., and Kikuchi, T.: Laterally spreading iron, humic-like dissolved organic matter and nutrients in cold, dense subsurface water of the Arctic Ocean, Sci. Rep., 4, 6775, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06775, 2014.
Hölemann, J. A., Schirmacher, M., Kassens, H., and Prange, A.: Geochemistry of surficial and ice-rafted sediments from the Laptev Sea (Siberia), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 49, 45–59, 1999a.
Hölemann, J. A., Schirmacher, M., and Prange, A.: Dissolved and particulate major and trace elements in newly formed ice from the Laptev Sea (Transdrift III, October 1995), in: Anonymous land-ocean systems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and history, Springer, Berlin, 101–111, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60134-7_11, 1999b.
Hölemann, J. A., Schirmacher, M., and Prange, A.: Seasonal variability of trace metals in the Lena River and the southeastern Laptev Sea: Impact of the spring freshet, Global Planet. Change, 48, 112–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.12.008, 2005.
Hölemann, J. A., Juhls, B., Bauch, D., Janout, M., Koch, B. P., and Heim, B.: The impact of the freeze–melt cycle of land-fast ice on the distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Laptev and East Siberian seas (Siberian Arctic), Biogeosciences, 18, 3637–3655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3637-2021, 2021.
Jensen, L. T., Morton, P., Twining, B. S., Heller, M. I., Hatta, M., Measures, C. I., John, S., Zhang, R., Pinedo-Gonzalez, P., Sherrell, R. M., and Fitzsimmons, J. N.: A comparison of marine Fe and Mn cycling: U. S. GEOTRACES GN01 Western Arctic case study, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 288, 138–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.08.006, 2020.
Jensen, L. T., Lanning, N. T., Marsay, C. M., Buck, C. S., Aguilar-Islas, A. M., Rember, R., Landing, W. M., Sherrell, R. M., and Fitzsimmons, J. N.: Biogeochemical cycling of colloidal trace metals in the Arctic Cryosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 126, e2021JC017394, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017394, 2021.
Jones, E. P., Anderson, L. G., Jutterström, S., Mintrop, L., and Swift, J. H.: Pacific freshwater, river water and sea ice meltwater across Arctic Ocean basins: Results from the 2005 Beringia Expedition, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 113, C08012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004124, 2008.
Jung, J., Son, J. E., Lee, Y. K., Cho, K., Lee, Y., Yang, E. J., Kang, S., and Hur, J.: Tracing riverine dissolved organic carbon and its transport to the halocline layer in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) using humic-like fluorescence fingerprinting, Sci. Total Environ., 772, 145542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145542, 2021.
Kadko, D., Galfond, B., Landing, W. M., and Shelley, R. U.: Determining the pathways, fate, and flux of atmospherically derived trace elements in the Arctic ocean/ice system, Mar. Chem., 182, 38–50, 2016.
Kadko, D., Aguilar-Islas, A., Bolt, C., Buck, C. S., Fitzsimmons, J. N., Jensen, L. T., Landing, W. M., Marsay, C. M., Rember, R., Shiller, A. M., Whitmore, L. M., and Anderson, R. F.: The residence times of trace elements determined in the surface Arctic Ocean during the 2015 US Arctic GEOTRACES expedition, Mar. Chem., 208, 56–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.10.011, 2018.
Kanna, N., Toyota, T., and Nishioka, J.: Iron and macro-nutrient concentrations in sea ice and their impact on the nutritional status of surface waters in the southern Okhotsk Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 126, 44–57, 2014.
Kanna, N., Sugiyama, S., Ando, T., Wang, Y., Sakuragi, Y., Hazumi, T., Matsuno, K., Yamaguchi, A., Nishioka, J., Yamashita, Y.: Meltwater discharge from marine-terminating glaciers drives biogeochemical conditions in a Greenlandic fjord, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 36, e2022GB007411, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007411, 2022.
Kipp, L. E., Charette, M. A., Moore, W. S., Henderson, P. B., and Rigor, I. G.: Increased fluxes of shelf-derived materials to the central Arctic Ocean, Sci. Adv. 4, eaao1302, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao1302, 2018.
Klunder, M. B., Bauch, D., Laan, P., De Baar, H. J. W., Van Heuven, S., and Ober, S.: Dissolved iron in the Arctic shelf seas and surface waters of the central Arctic Ocean: Impact of Arctic river water and ice-melt, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007133, 2012.
Kondo, Y., Obata, H., Hioki, N., Ooki, A., Nishino, S., Kikuchi, T., and Kuma, K.: Transport of trace metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cd) in the Western Arctic Ocean (Chukchi sea and Canada basin) in late summer 2012, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 116, 236–252, 2016.
Krumpen, T., Birrien, F., Kauker, F., Rackow, T., von Albedyll, L., Angelopoulos, M., Belter, H. J., Bessonov, V., Damm, E., Dethloff, K., Haapala, J., Haas, C., Harris, C., Hendricks, S., Hoelemann, J., Hoppmann, M., Kaleschke, L., Karcher, M., Kolabutin, N., Lei, R., Lenz, J., Morgenstern, A., Nicolaus, M., Nixdorf, U., Petrovsky, T., Rabe, B., Rabenstein, L., Rex, M., Ricker, R., Rohde, J., Shimanchuk, E., Singha, S., Smolyanitsky, V., Sokolov, V., Stanton, T., Timofeeva, A., Tsamados, M., and Watkins, D.: The MOSAiC ice floe: sediment-laden survivor from the Siberian shelf, The Cryosphere, 14, 2173–2187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, 2020.
Laglera, L. M. and van den Berg, C. M.: Evidence for geochemical control of iron by humic substances in seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 610–619, 2009.
Laglera, L. M., Battaglia, G., and van den Berg, C. M.: Determination of humic substances in natural waters by cathodic stripping voltammetry of their complexes with iron, Anal. Chim. Acta, 599, 58–66, 2007.
Laglera, L. M., Battaglia, G., and van den Berg, C. M.: Effect of humic substances on the iron speciation in natural waters by CLE/CSV, Mar. Chem., 127, 134–143, 2011.
Laglera, L. M., Sukekava, C., Slagter, H. A., Downes, J., Aparicio-Gonzalez, A., and Gerringa, L. J. A.: First quantification of the controlling role of humic substances in the transport of iron across the surface of the Arctic Ocean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 13136, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04240, 2019.
Landing, W. M. and Bruland, K. W.: The contrasting biogeochemistry of iron and manganese in the Pacific Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 51, 29–43, 1987.
Lannuzel, D., Schoemann, V., De Jong, J., Chou, L., Delille, B., Becquevort, S., and Tison, J.: Iron study during a time series in the western Weddell pack ice, Mar. Chem., 108, 85–95, 2008.
Lawaetz, A. J. and Stedmon, C. A.: Fluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of water, Appl. Spectrosc., 63, 936–940, 2009.
Lewis, K. M., van Dijken, G. L., and Arrigo, K. R.: Changes in phytoplankton concentration now drive increased Arctic Ocean primary production, Science, 369, 198–202, 2020.
Marsay, C. M., Kadko, D., Landing, W. M., Morton, P. L., Summers, B. A., and Buck, C. S.: Concentrations, provenance and flux of aerosol trace elements during US GEOTRACES Western Arctic cruise GN01, Chem. Geol., 502, 1–14, 2018.
Measures, C. I.: The role of entrained sediments in sea ice in the distribution of aluminium and iron in the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 68, 59–70, 1999.
Middag, R., De Baar, H. J. W., Laan, P., and Klunder, M. B.: Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 2393–2408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.011, 2011.
Millero, F. J., Sotolongo, S., and Izaguirre, M.: The oxidation kinetics of Fe(II) in seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 51, 793–801, 1987.
Morel, F. M. and Price, N. M.: The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the oceans, Science, 300, 944–947, 2003.
Nakayama, Y., Fujita, S., Kuma, K., and Shimada, K.: Iron and humic-type fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin of the western Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C07031, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006779, 2011.
Nelson, N. B., Carlson, C. A., and Steinberg, D. K.: Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by Sargasso Sea microbes, Mar. Chem., 89, 273–287, 2004.
Newton, R., Schlosser, P., Mortlock, R., Swift, J., and Macdonald, R.: Canadian Basin freshwater sources and changes: Results from the 2005 Arctic Ocean Section, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 118, 2133–2154, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20101, 2013.
Nishimura, S., Kuma, K., Ishikawa, S., Omata, A., and Saitoh, S.: Iron, nutrients, and humic-type fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the northern Bering Sea shelf, Bering Strait, and Chukchi Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C02025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007355, 2012.
Nishino, S., Itoh, M., Williams, W. J., and Semiletov, I.: Shoaling of the nutricline with an increase in near-freezing temperature water in the Makarov Basin, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 118, 635–649, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008234, 2013.
Oldham, J. and Tebo, L.: Oxidative and reductive processes contributing to manganese cycling at oxic-anoxic interfaces, Mar. Chem., 195, 122–128, 2017.
Parker, D. L., Sposito, G., and Tebo, B. M.: Manganese (III) binding to a pyoverdine siderophore produced by a manganese (II)-oxidizing bacterium, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 68, 4809–4820, 2004.
Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Amon, R., Brabets, T., Cooper, L., Gibson, John., Gordeev, V. V., Guay, C., Milburn, D., Staples, R., Raymond, I. P. A., Shiklomanov, G., Striegl, R. G., Zhulidov, A., Gurtovaya, T., and Sergey, Z.: PARTNERS Project Arctic River Biogeochemical Data, Arctic Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.18739/A2HD33, 2016.
Pokrovsky, O. S., Manasypov, R. M., Loiko, S. V., Krickov, I. A., Kopysov, S. G., Kolesnichenko, L. G., Vorobyev, S. N., and Kirpotin, S. N.: Trace element transport in western Siberian rivers across a permafrost gradient, Biogeosciences, 13, 1877–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1877-2016, 2016.
Polyakov, I. V., Pnyushkov, A. V., Alkire, M. B., Ashik, I. M., Baumann, T. M., Carmack, E. C., Goszczko, I., Guthrie, J., Ivanov, V. V., Kanzow, T., Krishfield, R., Kwok, R., Sundfjord, A., Morison, J., Rember, R., and Yulin, A.: Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Oceanl, Science, 356, 285–291, 2017.
Polyakov, I. V., Alkire, M. B., Bluhm, B. A., Brown, K. A., Carmack, E. C., Chierici, M., Danielson, S. L., Ellingsen, I., Ershova, E. A., Gårdfeldt, K., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Pnyushkov, A. V., Slagstad, D., and Wassmann, P.: Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in Response to Anomalous Advection From Sub-Arctic Seas, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 491, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491, 2020.
Polyakov, I. V., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Pnyushkov, A. V., Bhatt, U. S., Francis, J. A., Janout, M., Kwok, R., and Skagseth, Ø.: Fluctuating Atlantic inflows modulate Arctic atlantification, Science, 381, 972–979, 2023.
Rantanen, M., Karpechko, A. Y., Lipponen, A., Nordling, K., Hyvärinen, O., Ruosteenoja, K., Vihma, T., and Laaksonen, A.: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Commun. Earth. Environ., 3, 168, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3, 2022.
Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Slagter, H. A., Rutgers van der Loeff, M., van Ooijen, J., and Gerringa, L. J. A.: Dissolved Fe in the Deep and Upper Arctic Ocean With a Focus on Fe Limitation in the Nansen Basin, Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 88, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00088, 2018.
Rochelle-Newall, E. J. and Fisher, T. R.: Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence in marine and estuarine environments: an investigation into the role of phytoplankton, Mar. Chem., 77, 7–21, 2002.
Rogalla, B., Allen, S. E., Colombo, M., Myers, P. G., and Orians, K. J.: Sediments in sea ice drive the Canada Basin surface Mn maximum: insights from an Arctic Mn ocean model, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 36, e2022GB007320, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007320, 2022.
Rudels, B., Jones, E. P., Schauer, U., and Eriksson, P.: Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters, Polar Res., 23, 181–208, 2004.
Savenko, A. V. and Pokrovsky, O. S.: Distribution of dissolved matter in the Yenisei estuary and adjacent Kara Sea areas and its inter-annual variability, Geochem. Int., 57, 1201–1212, 2019.
Shiozaki, T., Fujiwara, A., Ijichi, M., Harada, N., Nishino, S., Nishi, S., Nagata, T., and Hamasaki, K.: Diazotroph community structure and the role of nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean), Limnol. Oceanogr., 63, 2191–2205, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10933, 2018.
Slagter, H. A., Reader, H. E., Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Rutgers Van Der Loeff, M., De Baar, H. J. W., and Gerringa, L. J. A.: Organic Fe speciation in the Eurasian Basins of the Arctic Ocean and its relation to terrestrial DOM, Mar. Chem., 197, 11–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.10.005, 2017.
Sohrin, Y., Urushihara, S., Nakatsuka, S., Kono, T., Higo, E., Minami, T., Norisuye, K., and Umetani, S.: Multielemental determination of GEOTRACES key trace metals in seawater by ICPMS after preconcentration using an ethylenediaminetriacetic Acid Chelating Resin, Anal. Chem., 80, 6267–6273, 2008.
Stabeno, P., Kachel, N., Ladd, C., and Woodgate, R.: Flow patterns in the eastern Chukchi Sea: 2010–2015, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 1177–1195, 2018.
Stedmon, C. A. and Bro, R.: Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis: a tutorial, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 6, 572–579, 2008.
Stedmon, C. A., Amon, R., Rinehart, A. J., and Walker, S. A.: The supply and characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Arctic Ocean: Pan Arctic trends and differences, Mar. Chem., 124, 108–118, 2011.
Sumata, H., De Steur, L., Divine, D. V., Granskog, M. A., and Gerland, S.: Regime shift in Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness, Nature, 615, 443–449, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05686-x, 2023.
Tanaka, K., Takesue, N., Nishioka, J., Kondo, Y., Ooki, A., Kuma, K., Hirawake, T., and Yamashita, Y.: The conservative behavior of dissolved organic carbon in surface waters of the southern Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean, during early summer, Sci. Rep., 6, 34123, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34123, 2016.
Tovar-Sánchez, A., Duarte, C. M., Alonso, J. C., Lacorte, S., Tauler, R., and Galbán-Malagón, C.: Impacts of metals and nutrients released from melting multiyear Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C07003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005685, 2010.
Twining, B. S. and Baines, S. B.: The Trace Metal Composition of Marine Phytoplankton, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 191–215, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172322, 2013.
Van der Merwe, P., Lannuzel, D., Bowie, A. R., and Meiners, K. M.: High temporal resolution observations of spring fast ice melt and seawater iron enrichment in East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 116, G03017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001628, 2011.
Vieira, L. H., Achterberg, E. P., Scholten, J., Beck, A. J., Liebetrau, V., Mills, M. M., and Arrigo, K. R.: Benthic fluxes of trace metals in the Chukchi Sea and their transport into the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 208, 43–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.11.001, 2018.
Waga, H., Eicken, H., Light, B., and Fukamachi, Y.: A neural network-based method for satellite-based mapping of sediment-laden sea ice in the Arctic, Remote Sens. Environ., 270, 112861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112861, 2022.
Wegner, C., Wittbrodt, K., Hölemann, J. A., Janout, M. A., Krumpen, T., Selyuzhenok, V., Novikhin, A., Polyakova, Y., Krykova, I., and Kassens, H.: Sediment entrainment into sea ice and transport in the Transpolar Drift: A case study from the Laptev Sea in winter 2011/2012, Cont. Shelf Res., 141, 1–10, 2017.
Williford, T., Amon, R. M. W., Benner, R., Kaiser, K., Bauch, D., Stedmon, C., Yan, G., Walker, S. A., Van Der Loeff, M. R., and Klunder, M. B.: Insights into the origins, molecular characteristics and distribution of iron-binding ligands in the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 231, 103936, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.103936, 2021.
Yamamoto‐Kawai, M., Tanaka, N. and Pivovarov, S.: Freshwater and brine behaviors in the Arctic Ocean deduced from historical data of δ18O and alkalinity (1929–2002 AD), J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, C10003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002793, 2005.
Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Carmack, E., and Mclaughlin, F.: Nitrogen balance and Arctic throughflow, Nature, 443, 43, https://doi.org/10.1038/443043a, 2006.
Yamamoto-Kawai, M., McLaughlin, F. A., Carmack, E. C., Nishino, S., Shimada, K.: Freshwater budget of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, from salinity, δ18O, and nutrients, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C01007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003858, 2008.
Yamashita, Y. and Tanoue, E.: Production of bio-refractory fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the ocean interior, Nat. Geosci., 1, 579–582, 2008.
Yamashita, Y., Yagi, Y., Ueno, H., Ooki, A., and Hirawake, T.: Characterization of the water masses in the shelf region of the Bering and Chukchi Seas with fluorescent organic matter, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 7545–7556, 2019.
Short summary
This article presents data on iron and manganese, essential micronutrients for primary producers in the Arctic Laptev and East Siberian seas (LESS). There, observations were made through international cooperation with the Nansen and Amundsen Basin Observational System expedition during the late summer of 2021. The results from this study indicate that the major sources controlling the iron and manganese distributions on the LESS continental margins are river discharge and shelf sediment input.
This article presents data on iron and manganese, essential micronutrients for primary producers...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint