Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2357-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2357-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses
| 
28 Apr 2014
Reviews and syntheses |
| 28 Apr 2014
Stable isotopes dissect aquatic food webs from the top to the bottom
J. J. Middelburg
Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, the Netherlands
Related authors
Hinne Florian van der Zant, Olivier Sulpis, Jack J. Middelburg, Matthew P. Humphreys, Raphaël Savelli, Dustin Carroll, Dimitris Menemenlis, Kay Sušelj, and Vincent Le Fouest
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2244, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a model to simulate seafloor biogeochemical processes across a wide range of marine environments, from shallow coastal zones to deep-sea sediments. From this model, we derived a set of simple equations that predict how carbon, oxygen, and alkalinity are exchanged between sediments and overlying waters. These equations provide an efficient way to improve how ocean models represent seafloor interactions, which are often missing or overly simplified.
Olivier Sulpis, Matthew P. Humphreys, Monica M. Wilhelmus, Dustin Carroll, William M. Berelson, Dimitris Menemenlis, Jack J. Middelburg, and Jess F. Adkins
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2105–2131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A quarter of the surface of the Earth is covered by marine sediments rich in calcium carbonates, and their dissolution acts as a giant antacid tablet protecting the ocean against human-made acidification caused by massive CO2 emissions. Here, we present a new model of sediment chemistry that incorporates the latest experimental findings on calcium carbonate dissolution kinetics. This model can be used to predict how marine sediments evolve through time in response to environmental perturbations.
Gerrit Müller, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3565–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers are major freshwater resources, connectors and transporters on Earth. As the composition of river waters and particles results from processes in their catchment, such as erosion, weathering, environmental pollution, nutrient and carbon cycling, Earth-spanning databases of river composition are needed for studies of these processes on a global scale. While extensive resources on water and nutrient composition exist, we provide a database of river particle composition.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
Anne Roepert, Lubos Polerecky, Esmee Geerken, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4727–4743, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated, for the first time, the spatial distribution of chlorine and fluorine in the shell walls of four benthic foraminifera species: Ammonia tepida, Amphistegina lessonii, Archaias angulatus, and Sorites marginalis. Cross sections of specimens were imaged using nanoSIMS. The distribution of Cl and F was co-located with organics in the rotaliids and rather homogeneously distributed in miliolids. We suggest that the incorporation is governed by the biomineralization pathway.
Jingjing Guo, Miriam Glendell, Jeroen Meersmans, Frédérique Kirkels, Jack J. Middelburg, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, Xiaochen Liu, Joep J. Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, and Jack J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present CARBON-DISC 1.0. It couples the global water balance model PCR-GLOBWB with global carbon inputs from the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) at a 0.5° resolution and calculates gridcell-to-gridcell transport, C transformations, C emissions, C burial and primary production on a monthly timestep and without calibration.
Joep Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions. We use this database to construct the first global models and maps on DOC in soil pore water. Highest concentrations in shallow soils occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. Highest concentrations in deeper soils are calculated for Histosols. Our research enables a spatially explicit first estimation of dissolved carbon in soil solution on the global scale.
Nicole M. J. Geerlings, Eva-Maria Zetsche, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, Jack J. Middelburg, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 16, 811–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Multicellular cable bacteria form long filaments that can reach lengths of several centimeters. They affect the chemistry and mineralogy of their surroundings and vice versa. How the surroundings affect the cable bacteria is investigated. They show three different types of biomineral formation: (1) a polymer containing phosphorus in their cells, (2) a sheath of clay surrounding the surface of the filament and (3) the encrustation of a filament via a solid phase containing iron and phosphorus.
Ilja J. Kocken, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Richard E. Zeebe, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 15, 91–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Marine organic carbon burial could link the 405 thousand year eccentricity cycle in the long-term carbon cycle to that observed in climate records. Here, we simulate the response of the carbon cycle to astronomical forcing. We find a strong 2.4 million year cycle in the model output, which is present as an amplitude modulator of the 405 and 100 thousand year eccentricity cycles in a newly assembled composite record.
Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 15, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by geologists to better understand the sedimentary record, by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, by organic geochemists to elucidate compositional changes, and by ecologists to follow carbon transfers within food webs. These disciplinary approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. This award talk provides a synthesis, highlights the role of animals in sediment carbon processing and presents some new concepts.
Joost Frieling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jack J. Middelburg, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Steven M. Bohaty, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 14, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Past periods of rapid global warming such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum are used to study biotic response to climate change. We show that very high peak PETM temperatures in the tropical Atlantic (~ 37 ºC) caused heat stress in several marine plankton groups. However, only slightly cooler temperatures afterwards allowed highly diverse plankton communities to bloom. This shows that tropical plankton communities may be susceptible to extreme warming, but may also recover rapidly.
Dick van Oevelen, Christina E. Mueller, Tomas Lundälv, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 5789–5798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-water corals form true hotspots of biodiversity in the cold and dark deep sea, but need to live off of only small amounts of food that reach the deep sea. Using chemical tracers, this study investigated whether cold-water corals are picky eaters. We found that under low food conditions, they do not differentiate between food sources but they do differentiate at high food concentrations. This adaptation suggests that they are well adapted to exploit short food pulses efficiently.
Clare Woulds, Steven Bouillon, Gregory L. Cowie, Emily Drake, Jack J. Middelburg, and Ursula Witte
Biogeosciences, 13, 4343–4357, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Estuarine sediments are important locations for carbon cycling and burial. We used tracer experiments to investigate how site conditions affect the way in which seafloor biological communities cycle carbon. We showed that while total respiration rates are primarily determined by temperature, total carbon processing by the biological community is strongly related to
its biomass. Further, we saw a distinct pattern of carbon cycling in sandy sediment, in which uptake by bacteria dominates.
Arthur H. W. Beusen, Alexander F. Bouwman, Ludovicus P. H. Van Beek, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 2441–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Intensifying anthropogenic activity over the 20th century including agriculture, water consumption, urbanization, and aquaculture has almost doubled the global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to streams and steadily increased the N : P ratio in freshwater bodies. Concurrently, the cumulative number of reservoirs has driven a rise in freshwater nutrient retention and removal. Still, river nutrient transport to the ocean has also nearly doubled, potentially stressing coastal environments.
A. H. W. Beusen, L. P. H. Van Beek, A. F. Bouwman, J. M. Mogollón, and J. J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 4045–4067, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The IMAGE-Global Nutrient Model (GNM) is used to study the impact of multiple environmental changes on N and P delivery to surface water and transport and in-stream retention in rivers, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs over prolonged time periods. N and P are delivered to water bodies via diffuse sources (agriculture and natural ecosystems) and wastewater. N and P retention in a water body is calculated on the basis of the residence time of the water and nutrient uptake velocity.
M. Hagens, C. P. Slomp, F. J. R. Meysman, D. Seitaj, J. Harlay, A. V. Borges, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 12, 1561–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at the combined impacts of hypoxia and acidification, two major environmental stressors affecting coastal systems, in a seasonally stratified basin. Here, the surface water experiences less seasonality in pH than the bottom water despite higher process rates. This is due to a substantial reduction in the acid-base buffering capacity of the bottom water as it turns hypoxic in summer. This highlights the crucial role of the buffering capacity as a modulating factor in pH dynamics.
A. de Kluijver, P. L. Schoon, J. A. Downing, S. Schouten, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 11, 6265–6276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, 2014
C. E. Mueller, A. I. Larsson, B. Veuger, J. J. Middelburg, and D. van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 11, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, 2014
L. Pozzato, D. Van Oevelen, L. Moodley, K. Soetaert, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 6879–6891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, 2013
B. Veuger, A. Pitcher, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1775–1785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, 2013
A. de Kluijver, K. Soetaert, J. Czerny, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, U. Riebesell, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1425–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, 2013
K. A. Koho, K. G. J. Nierop, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, L. Pozzato, K. Soetaert, J. van der Plicht, and G-J. Reichart
Biogeosciences, 10, 1131–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, 2013
A. F. Bouwman, M. F. P. Bierkens, J. Griffioen, M. M. Hefting, J. J. Middelburg, H. Middelkoop, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013
Hinne Florian van der Zant, Olivier Sulpis, Jack J. Middelburg, Matthew P. Humphreys, Raphaël Savelli, Dustin Carroll, Dimitris Menemenlis, Kay Sušelj, and Vincent Le Fouest
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2244, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a model to simulate seafloor biogeochemical processes across a wide range of marine environments, from shallow coastal zones to deep-sea sediments. From this model, we derived a set of simple equations that predict how carbon, oxygen, and alkalinity are exchanged between sediments and overlying waters. These equations provide an efficient way to improve how ocean models represent seafloor interactions, which are often missing or overly simplified.
Olivier Sulpis, Matthew P. Humphreys, Monica M. Wilhelmus, Dustin Carroll, William M. Berelson, Dimitris Menemenlis, Jack J. Middelburg, and Jess F. Adkins
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2105–2131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A quarter of the surface of the Earth is covered by marine sediments rich in calcium carbonates, and their dissolution acts as a giant antacid tablet protecting the ocean against human-made acidification caused by massive CO2 emissions. Here, we present a new model of sediment chemistry that incorporates the latest experimental findings on calcium carbonate dissolution kinetics. This model can be used to predict how marine sediments evolve through time in response to environmental perturbations.
Gerrit Müller, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3565–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers are major freshwater resources, connectors and transporters on Earth. As the composition of river waters and particles results from processes in their catchment, such as erosion, weathering, environmental pollution, nutrient and carbon cycling, Earth-spanning databases of river composition are needed for studies of these processes on a global scale. While extensive resources on water and nutrient composition exist, we provide a database of river particle composition.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
Anne Roepert, Lubos Polerecky, Esmee Geerken, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4727–4743, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated, for the first time, the spatial distribution of chlorine and fluorine in the shell walls of four benthic foraminifera species: Ammonia tepida, Amphistegina lessonii, Archaias angulatus, and Sorites marginalis. Cross sections of specimens were imaged using nanoSIMS. The distribution of Cl and F was co-located with organics in the rotaliids and rather homogeneously distributed in miliolids. We suggest that the incorporation is governed by the biomineralization pathway.
Jingjing Guo, Miriam Glendell, Jeroen Meersmans, Frédérique Kirkels, Jack J. Middelburg, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, Xiaochen Liu, Joep J. Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, and Jack J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present CARBON-DISC 1.0. It couples the global water balance model PCR-GLOBWB with global carbon inputs from the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) at a 0.5° resolution and calculates gridcell-to-gridcell transport, C transformations, C emissions, C burial and primary production on a monthly timestep and without calibration.
Joep Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions. We use this database to construct the first global models and maps on DOC in soil pore water. Highest concentrations in shallow soils occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. Highest concentrations in deeper soils are calculated for Histosols. Our research enables a spatially explicit first estimation of dissolved carbon in soil solution on the global scale.
Nicole M. J. Geerlings, Eva-Maria Zetsche, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, Jack J. Middelburg, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 16, 811–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Multicellular cable bacteria form long filaments that can reach lengths of several centimeters. They affect the chemistry and mineralogy of their surroundings and vice versa. How the surroundings affect the cable bacteria is investigated. They show three different types of biomineral formation: (1) a polymer containing phosphorus in their cells, (2) a sheath of clay surrounding the surface of the filament and (3) the encrustation of a filament via a solid phase containing iron and phosphorus.
Ilja J. Kocken, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Richard E. Zeebe, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 15, 91–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Marine organic carbon burial could link the 405 thousand year eccentricity cycle in the long-term carbon cycle to that observed in climate records. Here, we simulate the response of the carbon cycle to astronomical forcing. We find a strong 2.4 million year cycle in the model output, which is present as an amplitude modulator of the 405 and 100 thousand year eccentricity cycles in a newly assembled composite record.
Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 15, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by geologists to better understand the sedimentary record, by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, by organic geochemists to elucidate compositional changes, and by ecologists to follow carbon transfers within food webs. These disciplinary approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. This award talk provides a synthesis, highlights the role of animals in sediment carbon processing and presents some new concepts.
Joost Frieling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jack J. Middelburg, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Steven M. Bohaty, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 14, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Past periods of rapid global warming such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum are used to study biotic response to climate change. We show that very high peak PETM temperatures in the tropical Atlantic (~ 37 ºC) caused heat stress in several marine plankton groups. However, only slightly cooler temperatures afterwards allowed highly diverse plankton communities to bloom. This shows that tropical plankton communities may be susceptible to extreme warming, but may also recover rapidly.
Dick van Oevelen, Christina E. Mueller, Tomas Lundälv, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 5789–5798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-water corals form true hotspots of biodiversity in the cold and dark deep sea, but need to live off of only small amounts of food that reach the deep sea. Using chemical tracers, this study investigated whether cold-water corals are picky eaters. We found that under low food conditions, they do not differentiate between food sources but they do differentiate at high food concentrations. This adaptation suggests that they are well adapted to exploit short food pulses efficiently.
Clare Woulds, Steven Bouillon, Gregory L. Cowie, Emily Drake, Jack J. Middelburg, and Ursula Witte
Biogeosciences, 13, 4343–4357, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Estuarine sediments are important locations for carbon cycling and burial. We used tracer experiments to investigate how site conditions affect the way in which seafloor biological communities cycle carbon. We showed that while total respiration rates are primarily determined by temperature, total carbon processing by the biological community is strongly related to
its biomass. Further, we saw a distinct pattern of carbon cycling in sandy sediment, in which uptake by bacteria dominates.
Arthur H. W. Beusen, Alexander F. Bouwman, Ludovicus P. H. Van Beek, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 2441–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Intensifying anthropogenic activity over the 20th century including agriculture, water consumption, urbanization, and aquaculture has almost doubled the global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to streams and steadily increased the N : P ratio in freshwater bodies. Concurrently, the cumulative number of reservoirs has driven a rise in freshwater nutrient retention and removal. Still, river nutrient transport to the ocean has also nearly doubled, potentially stressing coastal environments.
A. H. W. Beusen, L. P. H. Van Beek, A. F. Bouwman, J. M. Mogollón, and J. J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 4045–4067, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The IMAGE-Global Nutrient Model (GNM) is used to study the impact of multiple environmental changes on N and P delivery to surface water and transport and in-stream retention in rivers, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs over prolonged time periods. N and P are delivered to water bodies via diffuse sources (agriculture and natural ecosystems) and wastewater. N and P retention in a water body is calculated on the basis of the residence time of the water and nutrient uptake velocity.
M. Hagens, C. P. Slomp, F. J. R. Meysman, D. Seitaj, J. Harlay, A. V. Borges, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 12, 1561–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at the combined impacts of hypoxia and acidification, two major environmental stressors affecting coastal systems, in a seasonally stratified basin. Here, the surface water experiences less seasonality in pH than the bottom water despite higher process rates. This is due to a substantial reduction in the acid-base buffering capacity of the bottom water as it turns hypoxic in summer. This highlights the crucial role of the buffering capacity as a modulating factor in pH dynamics.
A. de Kluijver, P. L. Schoon, J. A. Downing, S. Schouten, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 11, 6265–6276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, 2014
C. E. Mueller, A. I. Larsson, B. Veuger, J. J. Middelburg, and D. van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 11, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, 2014
L. Pozzato, D. Van Oevelen, L. Moodley, K. Soetaert, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 6879–6891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, 2013
B. Veuger, A. Pitcher, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1775–1785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, 2013
A. de Kluijver, K. Soetaert, J. Czerny, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, U. Riebesell, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1425–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, 2013
K. A. Koho, K. G. J. Nierop, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, L. Pozzato, K. Soetaert, J. van der Plicht, and G-J. Reichart
Biogeosciences, 10, 1131–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, 2013
A. F. Bouwman, M. F. P. Bierkens, J. Griffioen, M. M. Hefting, J. J. Middelburg, H. Middelkoop, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Stable Isotopes & Other Tracers
Fungi present distinguishable isotopic signals in their lipids when grown on glycolytic versus tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates
Sea ice and mixed layer depth influence on nitrate depletion and associated isotopic effects in the Drake Passage–Weddell Sea region, Southern Ocean
Hydrodynamic and Primary Production Effects on Seasonal DO Variability in the Danube River
Stable iron isotope signals indicate a “pseudo-abiotic” process driving deep iron release in methanic sediments
Triple oxygen isotope evidence for the pathway of nitrous oxide production in a forested soil with increased emission on rainy days
Variability in oxygen isotopic fractionation of enzymatic O2 consumption
Enhanced isotopic approach combined with microbiological analyses for more precise distinction of various N-transformation processes in contaminated aquifer – a groundwater incubation study
Previous integrated or organic farming affects productivity and ecosystem N balance rather than fertilizer 15N allocation to plants and soil, leaching, or gaseous emissions (NH3, N2O, and N2)
How long does carbon stay in a near-pristine central Amazon forest? An empirical estimate with radiocarbon
No increase is detected and modeled for the seasonal cycle amplitude of δ13C of atmospheric carbon dioxide
Bias in calculating gross nitrification rates in forested catchments using the triple oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of stream nitrate
Position-specific kinetic isotope effects for nitrous oxide: a new expansion of the Rayleigh model
Technical note: A Bayesian mixing model to unravel isotopic data and quantify trace gas production and consumption pathways for time series data – Time-resolved FRactionation And Mixing Evaluation (TimeFRAME)
Separating above-canopy CO2 and O2 measurements into their atmospheric and biospheric signatures
Climatic controls on leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios in terrestrial and marine sediments along a hyperarid-to-humid gradient
Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes during microbial propionate consumption in anoxic rice paddy soils
Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide inferred from tower and mobile atmospheric observations in the Netherlands
Downpour dynamics: outsized impacts of storm events on unprocessed atmospheric nitrate export in an urban watershed
The hidden role of dissolved organic carbon in the biogeochemical cycle of carbon in modern redox-stratified lakes
Biogeochemical processes captured by carbon isotopes in redox-stratified water columns: a comparative study of four modern stratified lakes along an alkalinity gradient
Partitioning of carbon export in the euphotic zone of the oligotrophic South China Sea
Determination of respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric dioxygen inferred from a vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed chambers
Permafrost degradation and nitrogen cycling in Arctic rivers: insights from stable nitrogen isotope studies
Neodymium budget in the Mediterranean Sea: evaluating the role of atmospheric dusts using a high-resolution dynamical-biogeochemical model
Nitrate isotope investigations reveal future impacts of climate change on nitrogen inputs and cycling in Arctic fjords: Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden (Svalbard)
Mineralization of autochthonous particulate organic carbon is a fast channel of organic matter turnover in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir
Carbon isotopic ratios of modern C3 and C4 vegetation on the Indian peninsula and changes along the plant–soil–river continuum – implications for vegetation reconstructions
Controls on nitrite oxidation in the upper Southern Ocean: insights from winter kinetics experiments in the Indian sector
Tracing the source of nitrate in a forested stream showing elevated concentrations during storm events
Intra-skeletal variability in phosphate oxygen isotope composition reveals regional heterothermies in marine vertebrates
Isotopic differences in soil–plant–atmosphere continuum composition and control factors of different vegetation zones on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains
An analysis of the variability in δ13C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation
Summertime productivity and carbon export potential in the Weddell Sea, with a focus on the waters adjacent to Larsen C Ice Shelf
Particulate biogenic barium tracer of mesopelagic carbon remineralization in the Mediterranean Sea (PEACETIME project)
Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation factors of aerobic methane oxidation in deep-sea water
Host-influenced geochemical signature in the parasitic foraminifera Hyrrokkin sarcophaga
Comparing modified substrate-induced respiration with selective inhibition (SIRIN) and N2O isotope approaches to estimate fungal contribution to denitrification in three arable soils under anoxic conditions
How are oxygen budgets influenced by dissolved iron and growth of oxygenic phototrophs in an iron-rich spring system? Initial results from the Espan Spring in Fürth, Germany
Stable isotope ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the influence of Pacific water along the northwest Atlantic margin
High-resolution 14C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman
Geographic variability in freshwater methane hydrogen isotope ratios and its implications for global isotopic source signatures
Seasonality of nitrogen sources, cycling, and loading in a New England river discerned from nitrate isotope ratios
Evaluating the response of δ13C in Haloxylon ammodendron, a dominant C4 species in Asian desert ecosystems, to water and nitrogen addition as well as the availability of its δ13C as an indicator of water use efficiency
Modern silicon dynamics of a small high-latitude subarctic lake
Radium-228-derived ocean mixing and trace element inputs in the South Atlantic
Nitrogen isotopic fractionations during nitric oxide production in an agricultural soil
Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species
Barium stable isotopes as a fingerprint of biological cycling in the Amazon River basin
Bottomland hardwood forest growth and stress response to hydroclimatic variation: evidence from dendrochronology and tree ring Δ13C values
N2O isotope approaches for source partitioning of N2O production and estimation of N2O reduction – validation with the 15N gas-flux method in laboratory and field studies
Stanislav Jabinski, Vítězslav Kučera, Marek Kopáček, Jan Jansa, and Travis B. Meador
Biogeosciences, 22, 3127–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3127-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3127-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial production is a key parameter in estimation of organic matter cycling in environmental systems, and fungi play a major role as decomposers. In order to improve investigation of fungal production and turnover times in environmental studies, we determined the isotopic signals encoded into lipid biomarkers of fungal pure cultures growing on various carbon substrates in media with isotopically labeled water and bicarbonate.
Aymeric P. M. Servettaz, Yuta Isaji, Chisato Yoshikawa, Yanghee Jang, Boo-Keun Khim, Yeongjun Ryu, Daniel M. Sigman, Nanako O. Ogawa, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, and Naohiko Ohkouchi
Biogeosciences, 22, 2239–2260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2239-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2239-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton blooms occur after sea ice retreats in the Southern Ocean. In this study we investigate the influence of seasonal cycle of sea ice concentration on nitrate depletion, testing the hypothesis that meltwater release stabilizes the water column and favors nutrient utilization. We find that, at a regional scale, nitrate depletion and vertical mixing are weakly correlated with sea ice cycle. Nitrate depletion is rather linked to other oceanographic processes controlling mixing depth.
Jan Maier, Anna-Neva Visser, Christina Martina Schubert, Simon Thomas Wander, and Johannes Arthur Barth
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1580, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first large-scale assessment of the dissolved oxygen (DO) budget and δ18ODO across the Danube to distinguish DO sources and sinks, key for biogeochemical cycles. Two highly productive areas in the warm season showed large deviations (+12.1 ‰) from atmospheric equilibrium (+24.6 ‰ ± 0.4 ‰), unusual for large rivers. Critically low DO in the Sava (0.16 mmol/L) and lower Danube (0.2 mmol/L) in late summer resulted from intensified respiration.
Susann Henkel, Bo Liu, Michael Staubwasser, Simone A. Kasemann, Anette Meixner, David A. Aromokeye, Michael W. Friedrich, and Sabine Kasten
Biogeosciences, 22, 1673–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1673-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1673-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We intend to unravel iron (Fe) reduction pathways in high-deposition methanic sediments because pools of Fe minerals could stimulate methane oxidation and also generation. Our data from the North Sea show that Fe release takes place mechanistically differently to Fe reduction in shallow sediments, which typically fractionates Fe isotopes. We conclude that fermentation of organic matter involving interspecies electron transfer, partly through conductive Fe oxides, could play an important role.
Weitian Ding, Urumu Tsunogai, Tianzheng Huang, Takashi Sambuichi, Wenhua Ruan, Masanori Ito, Hao Xu, Yongwon Kim, and Fumiko Nakagawa
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264720/v2, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264720/v2, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying the pathways of N2O produced through nitrification and denitrification in soil is crucial for effective mitigation. Thus, we monitored a new natural isotopic signature (Δ17O) of N2O in forested soil for identifying the pathways, which is almost stable during various biogeochemical processes. Our results suggest Δ17O is a promising signature for identifying pathways of N2O production, revealing that increased denitrification drives the high emission of N2O in soil on rainy days.
Carolina F.M. de Carvalho, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Sarah G. Pati
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1193, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using O2 stable isotope analysis, we determined the isotopic fractionation of biological O2 consumption by 10 flavin-dependent and 6 metalloenzymes. Metalloenzymes displayed a narrower range and lower values of isotopic fractionation than flavin-dependent enzymes. This work expands our understanding of the variability of oxygen isotopic fractionation at the enzyme level, improving the ability to study O2 dynamics from molecular to ecosystem scales.
Sushmita Deb, Mikk Espenberg, Reinhard Well, Michał Bucha, Marta Jakubiak, Ülo Mander, and Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-754, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-754, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates nitrogen cycling in groundwater from agricultural area using organic fertilizer. Research combines isotope and microbial studies to track transformations. High-nitrate samples were incubated with a low addition of ¹⁵N tracer. Results showed a shift from archaeal nitrification to bacterial denitrification under low oxygen with glucose, confirmed by isotope and microbial analysis. Findings offer insights for improving water quality and pollution management.
Fawad Khan, Samuel Franco Luesma, Frederik Hartmann, Michael Dannenmann, Rainer Gasche, Clemens Scheer, Andreas Gattinger, Wiebke Niether, Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Ralf Kiese, and Benjamin Wolf
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-292, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Crop rotations with legumes and use of organic and mineral fertilizers show potential to reduce agricultural N losses. This study examined N losses, including direct N2 flux, on two adjacent sites with different management history: organic farming (OF) with legume cultivation and integrated farming (IF) using synthetic and organic N inputs. IF increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, 15N recovery and showed a balanced N budget, i.e., more efficient N cycling compared to OF.
Ingrid Chanca, Ingeborg Levin, Susan Trumbore, Kita Macario, Jost Lavric, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Cléo Quaresma Dias Júnior, Hella van Asperen, Samuel Hammer, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 22, 455–472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-455-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-455-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing the net carbon (C) budget of the Amazon entails considering the magnitude and timing of C absorption and losses through respiration (transit time of C). Radiocarbon-based estimates of the transit time of C in the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) suggest a change in the transit time from 6 ± 2 years and 18 ± 4 years within 2 years (October 2019 and December 2021, respectively). This variability indicates that only a fraction of newly fixed C can be stored for decades or longer.
Fortunat Joos, Sebastian Lienert, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 19–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-19-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-19-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
How plants regulate their exchange of CO2 and water with the atmosphere under global warming is critical for their carbon uptake and their cooling influence. We analyze the isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 and detect no significant decadal trends in the seasonal cycle amplitude. The data are consistent with the regulation towards leaf CO2 and intrinsic water use efficiency growing proportionally to atmospheric CO2, in contrast to recent suggestions of downregulation of CO2 and water fluxes.
Weitian Ding, Urumu Tsunogai, and Fumiko Nakagawa
Biogeosciences, 21, 4717–4722, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Past studies have used the Δ17O of stream nitrate to estimate the gross nitrification rates (GNRs) in each forested catchment by approximating the Δ17O value of soil nitrate to be equal to that of stream nitrate. Based on inference and calculation of measured data, we found that this approximation resulted in an overestimated GNR. Therefore, it is essential to clarify and verify the Δ17O NO3− values in forested soils and streams before applying the Δ17O values of stream NO3− to GNR estimation.
Elise D. Rivett, Wenjuan Ma, Nathaniel E. Ostrom, and Eric L. Hegg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4549–4567, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4549-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4549-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many different processes produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Measuring the ratio of heavy and light nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N) for the non-exchangeable central and outer N atoms of N2O helps to distinguish sources of N2O. To accurately calculate the position-specific isotopic preference, we developed an expansion of the widely used Rayleigh model. Application of our new model to simulated and experimental data demonstrates its improved accuracy for analyzing N2O synthesis.
Eliza Harris, Philipp Fischer, Maciej P. Lewicki, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Stephen J. Harris, and Fernando Perez-Cruz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3641–3663, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gases are produced and consumed via a number of pathways. Quantifying these pathways helps reduce the climate and environmental footprint of anthropogenic activities. The contribution of the pathways can be estimated from the isotopic composition, which acts as a fingerprint for these pathways. We have developed the Time-resolved FRactionation And Mixing Evaluation (TimeFRAME) model to simplify interpretation and estimate the contribution of different pathways and their uncertainty.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Nestor Gaviria-Lugo, Charlotte Läuchli, Hella Wittmann, Anne Bernhardt, Patrick Frings, Mahyar Mohtadi, Oliver Rach, and Dirk Sachse
Biogeosciences, 20, 4433–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed how leaf wax hydrogen isotopes in continental and marine sediments respond to climate along one of the strongest aridity gradients in the world, from hyperarid to humid, along Chile. We found that under extreme aridity, the relationship between hydrogen isotopes in waxes and climate is non-linear, suggesting that we should be careful when reconstructing past hydrological changes using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes so as to avoid overestimating how much the climate has changed.
Ralf Conrad and Peter Claus
Biogeosciences, 20, 3625–3635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of carbon isotope fractionation is important for the assessment of the pathways involved in the degradation of organic matter. Propionate is an important intermediate. In the presence of sulfate, it was degraded by Syntrophobacter species via acetate to CO2. In the absence of sulfate, it was mainly consumed by Smithella and methanogenic archaeal species via butyrate and acetate to CH4. However, stable carbon isotope fractionation during the degradation process was quite small.
Alessandro Zanchetta, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Steven van Heuven, Andrea Scifo, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Ivan Mammarella, Ute Karstens, Jin Ma, Maarten Krol, and Huilin Chen
Biogeosciences, 20, 3539–3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3539-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3539-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been suggested as a tool to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake by plants during photosynthesis. However, understanding its sources and sinks is critical to preventing biases in this estimate. Combining observations and models, this study proves that regional sources occasionally influence the measurements at the 60 m tall Lutjewad tower (1 m a.s.l.; 53°24′ N, 6°21′ E) in the Netherlands. Moreover, it estimates nighttime COS fluxes to be −3.0 ± 2.6 pmol m−2 s−1.
Joel T. Bostic, David M. Nelson, and Keith N. Eshleman
Biogeosciences, 20, 2485–2498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Land-use changes can affect water quality. We used tracers of pollution sources and water flow paths to show that an urban watershed exports variable sources during storm events relative to a less developed watershed. Our results imply that changing precipitation patterns combined with increasing urbanization may alter sources of pollution in the future.
Robin Havas, Christophe Thomazo, Miguel Iniesto, Didier Jézéquel, David Moreira, Rosaluz Tavera, Jeanne Caumartin, Elodie Muller, Purificación López-García, and Karim Benzerara
Biogeosciences, 20, 2405–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a reservoir of prime importance in the C cycle of both continental and marine systems. It has also been suggested to influence the past Earth climate but is still poorly characterized in ancient-Earth-like environments. In this paper we show how DOC analyses from modern redox-stratified lakes can evidence specific metabolic reactions and environmental factors and how these can help us to interpret the C cycle of specific periods in the Earth's past.
Robin Havas, Christophe Thomazo, Miguel Iniesto, Didier Jézéquel, David Moreira, Rosaluz Tavera, Jeanne Caumartin, Elodie Muller, Purificación López-García, and Karim Benzerara
Biogeosciences, 20, 2347–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2347-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the C cycle of four modern stratified water bodies from Mexico, a necessary step to better understand the C cycle of primitive-Earth-like environments, which were dominated by these kinds of conditions. We highlight the importance of local external factors on the C cycle of these systems. Notably, they influence the sensitivity of the carbonate record to environmental changes. We also show the strong C-cycle variability among these lakes and their organic C sediment record.
Yifan Ma, Kuanbo Zhou, Weifang Chen, Junhui Chen, Jin-Yu Terence Yang, and Minhan Dai
Biogeosciences, 20, 2013–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We distinguished particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes out of the nutrient-depleted layer (NDL) and the euphotic zone. The amount of POC export flux at the NDL base suggests that the NDL could be a hotspot of particle export. The substantial POC export flux at the NDL base challenges traditional concepts that the NDL was limited in terms of POC export. The dominant nutrient source for POC export fluxes should be subsurface nutrients, which was determined by 15N isotopic mass balance.
Clémence Paul, Clément Piel, Joana Sauze, Nicolas Pasquier, Frédéric Prié, Sébastien Devidal, Roxanne Jacob, Arnaud Dapoigny, Olivier Jossoud, Alexandru Milcu, and Amaëlle Landais
Biogeosciences, 20, 1047–1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1047-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1047-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the interpretation of the δ18Oatm and Δ17O of O2 in air bubbles in ice cores, we need to better quantify the oxygen fractionation coefficients associated with biological processes. We performed a simplified analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in a closed chamber. We found a respiration fractionation in agreement with the previous estimates at the microorganism scale, and a terrestrial photosynthetic fractionation was found. This has an impact on the estimation of the Dole effect.
Adam Francis, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Robert G. M. Spencer, Robert M. Holmes, Jennifer A. Rogers, and Claire Mahaffey
Biogeosciences, 20, 365–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is causing extensive permafrost degradation and nutrient releases into rivers with great ecological impacts on the Arctic Ocean. We focused on nitrogen (N) release from this degradation and associated cycling using N isotopes, an understudied area. Many N species are released at degradation sites with exchanges between species. N inputs from permafrost degradation and seasonal river N trends were identified using isotopes, helping to predict climate change impacts.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Thomas Arsouze, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 20, 205–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) is one of the most useful tracers to fingerprint water mass provenance. However, the use of Nd is hampered by the lack of adequate quantification of the external sources. Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. We aim to better understand how the various external sources affect the Nd cycle and particularly assess how it is impacted by atmospheric inputs.
Marta Santos-Garcia, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Margot C. F. Debyser, Katrine Husum, Philipp Assmy, and Haakon Hop
Biogeosciences, 19, 5973–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial sources of nitrate are important contributors to the nutrient pool in the fjords of Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden in Svalbard during the summer, and they sustain most of the fjord primary productivity. Ongoing tidewater glacier retreat is postulated to favour light limitation and less dynamic circulation in fjords. This is suggested to encourage the export of nutrients to the middle and outer part of the fjord system, which may enhance primary production within and in offshore areas.
Marlene Dordoni, Michael Seewald, Karsten Rinke, Kurt Friese, Robert van Geldern, Jakob Schmidmeier, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 19, 5343–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5343-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Organic matter (OM) turnover into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was investigated by means of carbon isotope mass balances in Germany's largest water reservoir. This includes a metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM). Autochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC) was the main contributor to DIC, with rates that were highest for the MOM. Generally low turnover rates outline the environmental fragility of this water body in the case that OM loads increase due to storm events or land use changes.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Hugo J. de Boer, Paulina Concha Hernández, Chris R. T. Martes, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Sayak Basu, Muhammed O. Usman, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 4107–4127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The distinct carbon isotopic values of C3 and C4 plants are widely used to reconstruct past hydroclimate, where more C3 plants reflect wetter and C4 plants drier conditions. Here we examine the impact of regional hydroclimatic conditions on plant isotopic values in the Godavari River basin, India. We find that it is crucial to identify regional plant isotopic values and consider drought stress, which introduces a bias in C3 / C4 plant estimates and associated hydroclimate reconstructions.
Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, Tanya Marshall, Xin Sun, Jessica M. Burger, Sandy J. Thomalla, Bess B. Ward, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 19, 3425–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3425-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3425-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the winter Southern Ocean show a high affinity for nitrite but require a minimum (i.e., "threshold") concentration before they increase their rates of nitrite oxidation significantly. The classic Michaelis–Menten model thus cannot be used to derive the kinetic parameters, so a modified equation was employed that also yields the threshold nitrite concentration. Dissolved iron availability may play an important role in limiting nitrite oxidation.
Weitian Ding, Urumu Tsunogai, Fumiko Nakagawa, Takashi Sambuichi, Hiroyuki Sase, Masayuki Morohashi, and Hiroki Yotsuyanagi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3247–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excessive leaching of nitrate from forested catchments during storm events degrades water quality and causes eutrophication in downstream areas. Thus, tracing the source of nitrate increase during storm events in forested streams is important for sustainable forest management. Based on the isotopic compositions of stream nitrate, including Δ17O, this study clarifies that the source of stream nitrate increase during storm events was soil nitrate in the riparian zone.
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Guillaume Suan, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Fabien Demaret, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Sylvain Charbonnier, and Peggy Vincent
Biogeosciences, 19, 2671–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the oxygen isotope composition of bones and teeth of four marine species possessing regional heterothermies. We observed a consistent link between oxygen isotope composition and temperature heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. This opens up new perspectives on the determination of the thermoregulatory strategies of extant marine vertebrates where conventional methods are difficult to apply, but also allows us to investigate thermophysiologies of extinct vertebrates.
Yuwei Liu, Guofeng Zhu, Zhuanxia Zhang, Zhigang Sun, Leilei Yong, Liyuan Sang, Lei Wang, and Kailiang Zhao
Biogeosciences, 19, 877–889, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We took the water cycle process of soil–plant–atmospheric precipitation as the research objective. In the water cycle of soil–plant–atmospheric precipitation, precipitation plays the main controlling role. The main source of replenishment for alpine meadow plants is precipitation and alpine meltwater; the main source of replenishment for forest plants is soil water; and the plants in the arid foothills mainly use groundwater.
Roberto Velázquez-Ochoa, María Julia Ochoa-Izaguirre, and Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
Biogeosciences, 19, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first approximation to understand the δ13C macroalgal variability in one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world, the Gulf of California. The life-form is the principal cause of δ13C macroalgal variability, mainly taxonomy. However, changes in habitat characteristics and environmental conditions also influence the δ13C macroalgal variability. The δ13C macroalgae is indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation.
Raquel F. Flynn, Thomas G. Bornman, Jessica M. Burger, Shantelle Smith, Kurt A. M. Spence, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 18, 6031–6059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biological activity in the shallow Weddell Sea affects the biogeochemistry of recently formed deep waters. To investigate the drivers of carbon and nutrient export, we measured rates of primary production and nitrogen uptake, characterized the phytoplankton community, and estimated nutrient depletion ratios across the under-sampled western Weddell Sea in mid-summer. Carbon export was highest at the ice shelves and was determined by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors.
Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, Christian Tamburini, Marc Garel, Aurélie Dufour, France Van Vambeke, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Nagib Bhairy, and Sophie Guasco
Biogeosciences, 18, 5891–5902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared carbon remineralization rates (MRs) in the western and central Mediterranean Sea in late spring during the PEACETIME cruise, as assessed using the barium tracer. We reported higher and deeper (up to 1000 m depth) MRs in the western basin, potentially sustained by an additional particle export event driven by deep convection. The central basin is the site of a mosaic of blooming and non-blooming water masses and showed lower MRs that were restricted to the upper mesopelagic layer.
Shinsuke Kawagucci, Yohei Matsui, Akiko Makabe, Tatsuhiro Fukuba, Yuji Onishi, Takuro Nunoura, and Taichi Yokokawa
Biogeosciences, 18, 5351–5362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methane as well as the relevant biogeochemical parameters and microbial community compositions in hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough were observed. We succeeded in simultaneously determining hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation factors associated with aerobic oxidation of methane in seawater (εH = 49.4 ± 5.0 ‰, εC = 5.2 ± 0.4 ‰) – the former being the first of its kind ever reported.
Nicolai Schleinkofer, David Evans, Max Wisshak, Janina Vanessa Büscher, Jens Fiebig, André Freiwald, Sven Härter, Horst R. Marschall, Silke Voigt, and Jacek Raddatz
Biogeosciences, 18, 4733–4753, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4733-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4733-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have measured the chemical composition of the carbonate shells of the parasitic foraminifera Hyrrokkin sarcophaga in order to test if it is influenced by the host organism (bivalve or coral). We find that both the chemical and isotopic composition is influenced by the host organism. For example strontium is enriched in foraminifera that grew on corals, whose skeleton is built from aragonite, which is naturally enriched in strontium compared to the bivalves' calcite shell.
Lena Rohe, Traute-Heidi Anderson, Heinz Flessa, Anette Goeske, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, and Reinhard Well
Biogeosciences, 18, 4629–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4629-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first experimental setup combining a complex set of methods (microbial inhibitors and isotopic approaches) to differentiate between N2O produced by fungi or bacteria during denitrification in three soils. Quantifying the fungal fraction with inhibitors was not successful due to large amounts of uninhibited N2O production. All successful methods suggested a small or missing fungal contribution. Artefacts occurring with microbial inhibition to determine N2O fluxes are discussed.
Inga Köhler, Raul E. Martinez, David Piatka, Achim J. Herrmann, Arianna Gallo, Michelle M. Gehringer, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 18, 4535–4548, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4535-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4535-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how high Fe(II) levels influence the O2 budget of a circum-neutral Fe(II)-rich spring and if a combined study of dissolved O (DO) and its isotopic composition can help assess this effect. We showed that dissolved Fe(II) can exert strong effects on the δ18ODO even though a constant supply of atmospheric O2 occurs. In the presence of photosynthesis, direct effects of Fe oxidation become masked. Critical Fe(II) concentrations indirectly control the DO by enhancing photosynthesis.
Owen A. Sherwood, Samuel H. Davin, Nadine Lehmann, Carolyn Buchwald, Evan N. Edinger, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Markus Kienast
Biogeosciences, 18, 4491–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Pacific water flowing eastward through the Canadian Arctic plays an important role in redistributing nutrients to the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Using samples collected from northern Baffin Bay to the southern Labrador Shelf, we show that stable isotopic ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the fraction of Pacific to Atlantic water. These results provide a new framework for interpreting patterns of nitrogen isotopic variability recorded in modern and archival organic materials in the region.
Franziska Slotta, Lukas Wacker, Frank Riedel, Karl-Uwe Heußner, Kai Hartmann, and Gerhard Helle
Biogeosciences, 18, 3539–3564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The African baobab is a challenging climate and environmental archive for its semi-arid habitat due to dating uncertainties and parenchyma-rich wood anatomy. Annually resolved F14C data of tree-ring cellulose (1941–2005) from a tree in Oman show the annual character of the baobab’s growth rings but were up to 8.8 % lower than expected for 1964–1967. Subseasonal δ13C and δ18O patterns reveal years with low average monsoon rain as well as heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones.
Peter M. J. Douglas, Emerald Stratigopoulos, Sanga Park, and Dawson Phan
Biogeosciences, 18, 3505–3527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3505-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen isotopes could be a useful tool to help resolve the geographic distribution of methane emissions from freshwater environments. We analyzed an expanded global dataset of freshwater methane hydrogen isotope ratios and found significant geographic variation linked to water isotopic composition. This geographic variability could be used to resolve changing methane fluxes from freshwater environments and provide more accurate estimates of the relative balance of global methane sources.
Veronica R. Rollinson, Julie Granger, Sydney C. Clark, Mackenzie L. Blanusa, Claudia P. Koerting, Jamie M. P. Vaudrey, Lija A. Treibergs, Holly C. Westbrook, Catherine M. Matassa, Meredith G. Hastings, and Craig R. Tobias
Biogeosciences, 18, 3421–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and the naturally occurring nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) stable isotope ratios of nitrate discharged from a New England river over an annual cycle, to monitor N loading and identify dominant sources from the watershed. We uncovered a seasonality to loading and sources of N from the watershed. Seasonality in the nitrate isotope ratios also informed on N cycling, conforming to theoretical expectations of riverine nutrient cycling.
Zixun Chen, Xuejun Liu, Xiaoqing Cui, Yaowen Han, Guoan Wang, and Jiazhu Li
Biogeosciences, 18, 2859–2870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
δ13C in plants is a sensitive long-term indicator of physiological acclimatization. The present study suggests that precipitation change and increasing atmospheric N deposition have little impact on δ13C of H. ammodendron, a dominant plant in central Asian deserts, but affect its gas exchange. In addition, this study shows that δ13C of H. ammodendron could not indicate its water use efficiency (WUE), suggesting that whether δ13C of C4 plants indicates WUE is species-specific.
Petra Zahajská, Carolina Olid, Johanna Stadmark, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Sophie Opfergelt, and Daniel J. Conley
Biogeosciences, 18, 2325–2345, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The drivers of high accumulation of single-cell siliceous algae (diatoms) in a high-latitude lake have not been fully characterized before. We studied silicon cycling of the lake through water, radon, silicon, and stable silicon isotope balances. Results showed that groundwater brings 3 times more water and dissolved silica than the stream inlet. We demonstrate that groundwater discharge and low sediment deposition have driven the high diatom accumulation in the studied lake in the past century.
Yu-Te Hsieh, Walter Geibert, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Neil J. Wyatt, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, and Gideon M. Henderson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1645–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The South Atlantic near 40° S is one of the high-productivity and most dynamic nutrient regions in the oceans, but the sources and fluxes of trace elements (TEs) to this region remain unclear. This study investigates seawater Ra-228 and provides important constraints on ocean mixing and dissolved TE fluxes to this region. Vertical mixing is a more important source than aeolian or shelf inputs in this region, but particulate or winter deep-mixing inputs may be required to balance the TE budgets.
Zhongjie Yu and Emily M. Elliott
Biogeosciences, 18, 805–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we demonstrated distinct nitrogen isotope effects for nitric oxide (NO) production from major microbial and chemical NO sources in an agricultural soil. These results highlight characteristic bond-forming and breaking mechanisms associated with microbial and chemical NO production and implicate that simultaneous isotopic analyses of NO and nitrous oxide (N2O) can lead to unprecedented insights into the sources and processes controlling NO and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
Daniel A. Frick, Rainer Remus, Michael Sommer, Jürgen Augustin, Danuta Kaczorek, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 6475–6490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon is taken up by some plants to increase structural stability and to develop stress resistance and is rejected by others. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used the stable isotopes of silicon that shift in their relative abundance depending on the biochemical transformation involved. On species with a rejective (tomato, mustard) and active (wheat) uptake mechanism, grown in hydroculture, we found that the transport of silicic acid is controlled by the precipitation of biogenic opal.
Quentin Charbonnier, Julien Bouchez, Jérôme Gaillardet, and Éric Gayer
Biogeosciences, 17, 5989–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance and isotope composition of the trace metal barium (Ba) allows us to track and quantify nutrient cycling throughout the Amazon Basin. In particular, we show that the Ba biological fingerprint evolves from that of a strong net nutrient uptake in the mountainous area of the Andes towards efficient nutrient recycling on the plains of the Lower Amazon. Our study highlights the fact that the geochemical signature of rock-derived nutrients transported by the Amazon is scarred by life.
Ajinkya G. Deshpande, Thomas W. Boutton, Ayumi Hyodo, Charles W. Lafon, and Georgianne W. Moore
Biogeosciences, 17, 5639–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5639-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5639-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland forests in the southern USA are threatened by changing climate and human-induced pressures. We used tree ring widths and C isotopes as indicators of forest growth and physiological stress, respectively, and compared these to past climate data. We observed that vegetation growing in the drier patches is susceptible to stress, while vegetation growth and physiology in wetter patches is less sensitive to unfavorable environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of optimal wetness.
Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Maciej Piotr Lewicki, and Reinhard Well
Biogeosciences, 17, 5513–5537, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first validation of N2O isotopic approaches for estimating N2O source pathways and N2O reduction. These approaches are widely used for tracing soil nitrogen cycling, but the results of these estimations are very uncertain. Here we report the results from parallel treatments allowing for precise validation of these approaches, and we propose the best strategies for results interpretation, including the new idea of an isotope model integrating three isotopic signatures of N2O.
Cited articles
Amelung, W., Brodowski, S., Sandhage-Hofmann, A., and Bol, R.: Combining biomarker with stable isotope analyses for assessing the transformation and turnover of soil organic matter, Adv. Agron. 100, 155–250, 2008.
Auerswald, K., Wittmer, M. H. O. M., Zazzo, A., Schaeufele, R., and Schnyder, H.: Biases in the analysis of stable isotope discrimination in food webs, J. Appl. Ecol., 47, 936–941, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01764.x, 2010.
Azam, F., Fenchel, T., Field, J. G., Gray, J. S., Meyerreil, L. A., and Thingstad, F.: The Ecological Role of Water-Column Microbes in the Sea, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 10, 257–263, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps010257, 1983.
Blair, N. E., Levin, L. A., DeMaster, D. J., and Plaia, G.: The short-term fate of fresh algal carbon in continental slope sediments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1208–1219, 1996.
Boecklen, W. J., Yarnes, C. T., Cook, B. A., and James, A. C.: On the Use of Stable Isotopes in Trophic Ecology, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S., 42, 411–440, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144726, 2011.
Bontes, B. M., Pel, R., Ibelings, B. W., Boschker, H. T. S., Middelburg, J. J., and Van Donk, E.: The effects of biomanipulation on the biogeochemistry, carbon isotopic composition and pelagic food web relations of a shallow lake, Biogeosciences, 3, 69–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-69-2006, 2006.
Boschker, H. T. S. and Middelburg, J. J.: Stable isotopes and biomarkers in microbial ecology, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 40, 85–95, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00940.x, 2002.
Boschker, H. T. S., Nold, S. C., Wellsbury, P., Bos, D., de Graaf, W., Pel, R., Parkes, R. J., and Cappenberg, T. E.: Direct linking of microbial populations to specific biogeochemical processes by C-13-labelling of biomarkers, Nature, 392, 801–805, https://doi.org/10.1038/33900, 1998.
Boschker, H. T. S., Moerdijk-Poortvliet, T. C. W., van Breugel, P., Houtekamer, M., and Middelburg, J. J.: A versatile method for stable carbon isotope analysis of carbohydrates by high-performance liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 22, 3902–3908, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3804, 2008.
Bouillon, S. and Boschker, H. T. S.: Bacterial carbon sources in coastal sediments: a cross-system analysis based on stable isotope data of biomarkers, Biogeosciences, 3, 175–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-175-2006, 2006.
Bouillon, S., Gillikin, D. P., and Connolly, R. M.: Use of stable isotopes to understand food webs and ecosystem functioning in estuaries, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, edited by: Wolanski, E. and McLusky, D. S., 7, 143–173, Waltham: Academic Press, 2012.
Bugalho, M. N., Barcia, P., Caldeira, M. C., and Cerdeira, J. O.: Stable isotopes as ecological tracers: an efficient method for assessing the contribution of multiple sources to mixtures, Biogeosciences, 5, 1351–1359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1351-2008, 2008.
Bunn, S. E., Leigh, C., and Jardine, T. D: Diet–tissue fractionation of δ15N by consumers from streams and rivers Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 765–773 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.3.0765, 2013.
Cabana, G. and Rasmussen, J. B.: Comparison of aquatic food chains using nitrogen isotopes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10844–10847, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.20.10844, 1996.
Caraco, N., Bauer, J. E., Cole, J. J., Petsch, S., and Raymond, P.: Millennial-aged organic carbon subsidies to a modern river food web, Ecology, 91, 2385–2393, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0330.1, 2010.
Caraco, N. F., Lampman, G. G., Cole, J. J., Limburg, K. E., Pace, M. L., and Fischer, D. T.: Microbial assimilation of DIN in a nitrogen rich estuary: implications for food quality and isotope studies, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 167, 59–71, 1998.
Carpenter, S. R., Cole, J. J., Hodgson, J. R., Kitchell, J. F., Pace, M. L., Bade, D., Cottingham, K. L., Essington, T. E., Houser, J. N., and Schindler, D. E.: Trophic cascades, nutrients, and lake productivity: whole-lake experiments, Ecol. Monogr., 71, 163–186, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0163:TCNALP]2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Carpenter, S. R., Cole, J. J., Pace, M. L., Van de Bogert, M., Bade D. L., Bastviken, D., Gille, C., Hodgson, J. R., Kitchell, J. F., and Kritzberg, E. S.: Ecosystem subsidies: Terrestrial support of aquatic food webs from 13C addition to contrasting lakes, Ecology, 86, 2737–2750, 2005.
Caut, S., Angulo, E., and Courchamp, F.: Variation in discrimination factors (Δ15N and Δ13C): the effect of diet isotopic values and applications for diet reconstruction, J. Appl. Ecol., 46, 443–453, 2009.
Caut, S., Angulo, E., Courchamp, F., and Figuerola, J.: Trophic experiments to estimate isotope discrimination factors, J. Appl. Ecol., 47, 948–954, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01832.x, 2010.
Cherrier, J., Bauer, J. E., Druffel, E. R. M., Coffin, R. B., and Chanton, J. P.: Radiocarbon in marine bacteria: Evidence for the ages of assimilated carbon, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 730–736, 1999.
Chikaraishi, Y., Ogawa, N. O., Kashiyama, Y., Takano, Y., Suga, H., Tomitani, A., Miyashita, H., Kitazato, H., and Ohkouchi, N.: Determination of aquatic food-web structure based on compound-specific nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 7, 740–750, 2009.
Cole, J. J. and Solomon, C. T.: Terrestrial support of zebra mussels and the Hudson River food web: A multi-isotope, Bayesian analysis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 1802–1815, 2012.
Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F., and Pace, M. L.: Pathways of organic C utilization in small lakes: Results from a whole-lake 13C addition and coupled model, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 1664–1675, 2002.
Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., Pace, M. L., Van de Bogert, M. C., Kitchell, J. L., and Hodgson, J. R.: Differential support of lake food webs by three types of terrestrial organic carbon, Ecol. Lett., 9, 558–568, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00898.x, 2006.
Cole, J. J., Prairie, Y. T., Caraco, N. F., McDowell, W. H., Tranvik, L. J., Striegl, R. G., Duarte, C. M., Kortelainen, P., Downing, J. A., Middelburg, J. J., and Melack, J.: Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget, Ecosystems, 10, 171–184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8, 2007.
Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J., Pace, M. L., Solomon, C. T., and Weidel, B.: Strong evidence for terrestrial support of zooplankton in small lakes based on stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 1975–1980, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012807108, 2011.
Connolly, R. M., Guest, M. A., Melville, A. J., and Oakes, J. M.: Sulfur stable isotopes separate producers in marine food-web analysis, Oecologia, 138, 161–167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1415-0, 2004.
Coplen, T. B.: Guidelines and recommended terms for expression of stable-isotope-ratio and gas-ratio measurement results, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 25, 2538–2560, 2011.
Craig, H.: The Geochemistry of the Stable Carbon Isotopes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 3, 53–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(53)90001-5, 1953.
Dang, C., Sauriau, P. G., Savoye, N., Caill-Milly, N., Martinez, P., Haure, J., Millaret, C., and de Montaudouin, X.: Determination of diet in Manila clams by spatial analysis of stable isotopes, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 387, 167–177, 2009.
Dawson, T. E., Mambelli, S., Plamboeck, A. H., Templer, P. H., and Tu, K. P.: Stable isotopes in plant ecology, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 33, 507–559, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095451, 2002.
de Goeij, J. M., van Oevelen, D., Vermeij, M. J. A., Osinga, R., Middelburg, J. J., de Goeij, A. F. P. M., and Admiraal, W.: Surviving in a Marine Desert: The Sponge Loop Retains Resources Within Coral Reefs, Science, 342, 108–110, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241981, 2013.
de Kluijver, A., Soetaert, K., Schulz, K. G., Riebesell, U., Bellerby, R. G. J., and Middelburg, J. J.: Phytoplankton-bacteria coupling under elevated CO2 levels: a stable isotope labelling study, Biogeosciences, 7, 3783–3797, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3783-2010, 2010.
de Kluijver, A., Yu, J., Houtekamer, M., Middelburg, J. J., and Liu, Z.: Cyanobacteria as a carbon source for zooplankton in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, measured by C-13 labeling and fatty acid biomarkers, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 1245–1254, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1245, 2012.
de Kluijver, A., Soetaert, K., Czerny, J., Schulz, K. G., Boxhammer, T., Riebesell, U., and Middelburg, J. J.: A 13C labelling study on carbon fluxes in Arctic plankton communities under elevated CO2 levels, Biogeosciences, 10, 1425–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, 2013.
De Laender, F., Van Oevelen, D., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: Carbon transfer in herbivore- and microbial loop-dominated pelagic food webs in the southern Barents Sea during spring and summer, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 398, 93–107, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08335, 2010.
del Rio, C. M., Wolf, N., Carleton, S. A., and Gannes, L. Z.: Isotopic ecology ten years after a call for more laboratory experiments, Biol. Rev., 84, 91–111, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00064.x, 2009.
Deniro, M. J. and Epstein, S.: Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 42, 495–506, 1978.
Deniro, M. J. and Epstein, S.: Influence of Diet on the Distribution of Nitrogen Isotopes in Animals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 45, 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90244-1, 1981.
Doucett, R. R., Marks, J. C., Blinn, D. W., Caron, M., and Hungate, B. A.: Measuring terrestrial subsidies to aquatic food webs using stable isotopes of hydrogen, Ecology, 88, 1587–1592, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1184, 2007.
Dijkman, N. A., Boschker, H. T. S., Middelburg, J. J., and Kromkamp, J. C.: Group-specific primary production based on stable-isotope labeling of phospholipid-derived fatty acids, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 7, 612–625, 2009.
Eldridge, P. M., Cifuentes, L. A., and Kaldy, J. E.:. Development of a stable isotope constraint system for estuarine food web models, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 303, 73–90, 2005.
Emmery, A., Lefebvre, S., Alunno-Bruscia, M., and Kooijman, S. A. L. M.: Understanding the dynamics of ∂13C and ∂15N in soft tissues of the bivalve Crassostrea gigas facing environmental fluctuations in the context of Dynamic Energy Budgets (DEB), J. Sea Res., 66, 361–371, 2011.
Evans, C., Pond, D. W., and Wilson, W. H.: Changes in Emiliania huxleyi fatty acid profiles during infection with E-huxleyi virus86: physiological and ecological implications, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 55, 219–228, 2009.
Evrard, V., Soetaert, K., Heip, C. H. R., Huettel, M., Xenopoulos, M. A., and Middelburg, J. J.: Carbon and nitrogen flows through the benthic food web of a photic subtidal sandy sediment, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 416, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08770, 2010.
Evrard, V., Huettel, M., Cook, P. L. M., Soetaert, K., Heip, C. H. R., and Middelburg, J. J.: Importance of phytodetritus and microphytobenthos for heterotrophs in a shallow subtidal sandy sediment, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 455, 13–31, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09676, 2012.
Eybe, T. Bohn, T., Audinot, J. N., Udelhoven, T., Cauchie, H. M., Migeon, H. N., and Hoffmann. L.: Uptake Visualization of Deltamethrin by Nano-SIMS and Acute Toxicity to the Water Flea Daphnia magna, Chemosphere, 76, 134–140, 2009.
Fiorini, S., Gattuso J. P., van Rijswijk, P., and Middelburg, J. J.: Coccolithophores lipid and carbon isotope composition and their variability related to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 394, 74–85, 2010.
Fry, B.: Stable isotope ecology, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006.
Fry, B.: Alternative approaches for solving underdetermined isotope mixing problems, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 472, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10168, 2013.
Gattuso, J.-P., Gentili, B., Duarte, C. M., Kleypas, J. A., Middelburg, J. J., and Antoine, D.: Light availability in the coastal ocean: impact on the distribution of benthic photosynthetic organisms and their contribution to primary production, Biogeosciences, 3, 489–513, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-489-2006, 2006.
Germain, L. R., Koch, P. L., Harvey, J., and McCarthy, M. D.: Nitrogen isotope fractionation in amino acids from harbor seals: implications for compound-specific trophic position calculations, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 482, 265–277, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10257, 2013.
Gribsholt, B., Boschker, H. T. S., Struyf, E., Andersson, M., Tramper, A., De Brabandere, L., van Damme, S., Brion, N., Meire, P., Dehairs, F., Middelburg, J. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Nitrogen processing in a tidal freshwater marsh: A whole-ecosystem (15)N labeling study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1945–1959, 2005.
Gribsholt, B., Veuger, B., Tramper, A., Middelburg, J. J., and Boschker, H. T. S.: Long-term N-15-nitrogen retention in tidal freshwater marsh sediment: Elucidating the microbial contribution, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 13–22, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0013, 2009.
Guilini, K., Van Oevelen, D., Soetaert, K., Middelburg, J. J., and Vanreusel, A.: Nutritional importance of benthic bacteria for deep-sea nematodes from the Arctic ice margin: Results of an isotope tracer experiment, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 1977–1989, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.1977, 2010.
Hall, R. O. and Meyer, J. L.: The trophic significance of bacteria in a detritus-based stream food web, Ecology, 79, 1995–2012, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1995:TTSOBI]2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Hamilton, S. K., Tankm J. L., Raikow, D. E., Siler, E. R., Dorn N. J., and Leonard, N. E.: The role of instream vs allochthonous N in stream food webs: Modeling the results of an isotope addition experiment, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 23, 429–448, 2004.
Hannides, C. C. S., Popp, B. N., Landry, M. R., and Graham, B. S.: Quantification of zooplankton trophic position in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using stable nitrogen isotopes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 50–61, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0050, 2009.
Hansen, T., Burmeister, A., and Sommer, U.: Simultaneous delta N-15, delta C-13 and delta S-34 measurements of low-biomass samples using a technically advanced high sensitivity elemental analyzer connected to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 23, 3387–3393, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4267, 2009.
Hayes, J. M.: Fractionation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in biosynthetic processes, in: Organic geochemistry of contemporaneous and ancient sediments, edited by: Valley, J. S. and Cole, D. R., Mineralogical Society of America, 225–277, 2001.
Herman, P. M. J., Middelburg, J. J., Widdows, J., Lucas, C. H., and Heip, C. H. R.: Stable isotopes' as trophic tracers: combining field sampling and manipulative labelling of food resources for macrobenthos, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 204, 79–92, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps204079, 2000.
Hochberg, M. E. and Lawton, J. H.: Competition between Kingdoms, Trends Ecol. Evol., 5, 367–371, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(90)90097-W, 1990.
Holmes, R. M., Peterson, B. J., Deegan, L., Hughes, J., and Fry, B.: Nitrogen biogeochemistry in the oligohaline zone of a New England estuary, Ecology, 81, 416–432, 2000.
Hughes, J. E., Deegan, L. A., Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., and Fry, B.: Nitrogen flow through the food web in the oligohaline zone of a new England estuary, Ecology, 81, 433–452, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0433:NFTTFW]2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Karlsson, J., Berggren, M., Ask, J., Bystrom, P., Jonsson, A., Laudon, H., and Jansson, M.: Terrestrial organic matter support of lake food webs: Evidence from lake metabolism and stable hydrogen isotopes of consumers, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 1042–1048, 2012.
Kirchman, D. L.: The Uptake of Inorganic Nutrients by Heterotrophic Bacteria, Microb. Ecol., 28, 255–271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00166816, 1994.
Krumins, J. A., van Oevelen, D., Bezemer, T. M., De Deyn, G. B., Hol, W. H. G., van Donk, E., de Boer, W., de Ruiter, P. C., Middelburg, J. J., Monroy, F., Soetaert, K., Thebault, E., van de Koppel, J., van Veen, J. A., Viketoft, M., and van der Putten, W. H.: Soil and Freshwater and Marine Sediment Food Webs: Their Structure and Function, Bioscience, 63, 35–42, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.8, 2013.
Legendre, L. and Rassoulzadegan, F.: Plankton and Nutrient Dynamics in Marine Waters, Ophelia, 41, 153–172, 1995.
Lengger, S. K., Lipsewers, Y. A., de Haas, H., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: Lack of 13C-label incorporation suggests low turnover rates of thaumarchaeal intact polar tetraether lipids in sediments from the Iceland shelf, Biogeosciences, 11, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-201-2014, 2014.
Lorrain A., Paulet, Y.-M., Chauvaud, L., Savoye, N., Donval, A., and Saout, C.: Differential ∂13C and ∂15N signatures among scallop tissues: implications for ecology and physiology, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 275, 47–61, 2002.
Lubetkin, S. C. and Simenstad, C. A.: Multi-source mixing models to quantify food web sources and pathways, J. Appl. Ecol., 41, 996–1008, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00957.x, 2004.
Maher, D. T., Santos, I. R., Leuven, J. R. F. W., Oakes, J. M., Erler, D. V., Carvalho, M. C., and Eyre, B. D.: Novel use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to investigate aquatic carbon cycling from microbial to ecosystem scales', Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 12938–12945, 2013.
Marty, J. and Planas, D.: Comparison of methods to determine algal delta C-13 in freshwater, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 6, 51–63, 2008.
McCallister, S. L., Bauer, J. E., Cherrier, J. E., and Ducklow, H. W.: Assessing sources and ages of organic matter supporting river and estuarine bacterial production: A multiple-isotope (Delta C-14, delta C-13, and delta N-15) approach, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 1687–1702, 2004.
McCallister, S. L. and del Giorgio, P. A.: Evidence for the respiration of ancient terrestrial organic C in northern temperate lakes and streams, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 16963–16968, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207305109, 2012.
McCarthy, M. D., Lehman, J., and Kudela, R.: Compound-specific amino acid delta N-15 patterns in marine algae: Tracer potential for cyanobacterial vs. eukaryotic organic nitrogen sources in the ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 103, 104–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.037, 2013.
McClelland, J. W. and Montoya, J. P.: Trophic relationships and the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids in plankton, Ecology, 83, 2173–2180, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2173:TRATNI]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Michener, R. M. and Lajtha, K. (Eds.): Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 2007.
Middelburg, J. J.: Chemoautotrophy in the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049725, 2011.
Middelburg, J. J. and Herman, P. M. J.: Organic matter processing in tidal estuaries, Mar. Chem., 106, 127–147, 2007.
Middelburg, J. J., Barranguet, C., Boschker, H. T. S., Herman, P. M. J., Moens, T., and Heip, C. H. R.: The fate of intertidal microphytobenthos carbon: An in situ C-13-labeling study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1224–1234, 2000.
Minagawa, M. and Wada, E.: Stepwise Enrichment of N-15 Along Food-Chains – further Evidence and the Relation between Delta-N-15 and Animal Age, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 48, 1135–1140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90204-7, 1984.
Miyatake, T., MacGregor, B. J., and Boschker, E.: Stable Isotope Probing Combined with Magnetic Bead Capture Hybridization of 16S rRNA: Linking Microbial Community Function to Phylogeny of Sulfate-Reducing Deltaproteobacteria in Marine Sediments, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 4927–4935, 2009.
Miyatake T., Macgregor, B. J., and Boschker, H. T.: Depth-related differences in organic substrate utilization by major microbial groups in intertidal marine sediment, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 79, 389–392, 2013.
Molari, M., Manini, E., and Dell'Anno, A.: Dark inorganic carbon fixation sustains the functioning of benthic deep-sea ecosystems, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 212–221, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20030, 2013.
Moodley, L., Middelburg, J. J., Boschker, H. T. S., Duineveld, G. C. A., Pel, R., Herman, P. M. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Bacteria and Foraminifera: key players in a short-term deep-sea benthic response to phytodetritus, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 236, 23–29, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps236023, 2002.
Moodley, L., Middelburg, J. J., Soetaert, K., Boschker, H. T. S., Herman, P. M. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Similar rapid response to phytodetritus deposition in shallow and deep-sea sediments, J. Mar. Res., 63, 457–469, https://doi.org/10.1357/0022240053693662, 2005.
Moore, J. W. and Semmens, B. X.: Incorporating uncertainty and prior information into stable isotope mixing models, Ecol. Lett., 11, 470–480, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01163.x, 2008.
Nomaki, H., Ogawa, N. O., Takano, Y., Suga, H., Ohkouchi, N., and Kitazato, H.: Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 431, 11–24, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09144, 2011.
Norrman, B., Zweifel, U. L., Hopkinson, C. S., and Fry, B.: Production and utilization of dissolved organic carbon during an experimental diatom bloom, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 898–907, 1995.
Oakes, J. M., Eyre, B. D., Middelburg, J. J., and Boschker, H. T. S.: Composition, production, and loss of carbohydrates in subtropical shallow subtidal sandy sediments: Rapid processing and long-term retention revealed by C-13-labeling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 2126–2138, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2126, 2010.
Oakes, J. M., Eyre, B. D., and Middelburg, J. J.: Transformation and fate of microphytobenthos carbon in subtropical shallow subtidal sands: A C-13-labeling study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 1846–1856, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.06.1846, 2012.
Pace, M. L., Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F., Hodgson, J. R., Van de Bogert, M. C., Bade, D. L., Kritzberg, E. S., and Bastviken, D.: Whole-lake carbon-13 additions reveal terrestrial support of aquatic food webs, Nature, 427, 240–243, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02227, 2004.
Pace, M. L., Carpenter, S. R., Cole, J. J., Coloso, J. J., Kitchell, J. F., Hodgson, J. R., Middelburg, J. J., Preston, N. D., Solomon, C. T., and Weidel, B. C.: Does terrestrial organic carbon subsidize the planktonic food web in a clear-water lake?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 2177–2189, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.2177, 2007.
Pacella, S. R., Lebreton, B., Richard, P., Phillips, D., DeWitt, T. H., and Niquil, N.: Incorporation of diet information derived from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models into mass-balanced marine ecosystem models: A case study from the Marennes-Oléron Estuary, France, Ecol. Model., 267, 127–137, 2013.
Parnell, A. C., Inger, R., Bearhop, S., and Jackson, A. L.: Source Partitioning Using Stable Isotopes: Coping with Too Much Variation, Plos One, 5, e9672, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009672, 2010.
Pel, R., Hoogveld, H., and Floris, V.: Using the hidden isotopic heterogeneity in phyto- and zooplankton to unmask disparity in trophic carbon transfer, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 2200–2207, 2003.
Peterson, B. J. and Fry, B.: Stable Isotopes in Ecosystem Studies, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18, 293–320, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.293, 1987.
Phillips, D. L.: Converting isotope values to diet composition: the use of mixing models, J. Mammal., 93, 342–352, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-158.1, 2012.
Phillips, D. L. and Gregg, J. W.: Uncertainty in source partitioning using stable isotopes, Oecologia, 127, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000578, 2001.
Phillips, D. L. and Gregg, J. W.: Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources, Oecologia, 136, 261–269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1218-3, 2003.
Phillips, D. L. and Koch, P. L.: Incorporating concentration dependence in stable isotope mixing models, Oecologia, 130, 114–125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100786, 2002.
Phillips, D. L., Newsome, S. D., and Gregg, J. W.: Combining sources in stable isotope mixing models: alternative methods, Oecologia, 144, 520–527, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1816-8, 2005.
Polis, G. A., Anderson, W. B., and Holt, R. D.: Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: The dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 28, 289–316, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.289, 1997.
Post, D. M.: Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: Models, methods, and assumptions, Ecology, 83, 703–718, https://doi.org/10.2307/3071875, 2002.
Riebesell, U., Revill, A. T., Holdsworth, D. G., and Volkman, J. K.: The effects of varying CO2 concentration on lipid composition and carbon isotope fractionation in Emiliania huxleyi, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 64, 4179–4192, 2000.
Rose, K. A., Allen, J. I., Artioli, Y., Barange, M., Blackford, J., Carlotti, F., Cropp, R., Daewel, U., Edwards, K., Flynn, K., Hill, S. L., HilleRisLambers, R., Huse, G., Mackinson, S., Megrey, B., Moll, A., Rivkin, R., Salihoglu, B., Schrum, C., Shannon, L., Shin, Y., Smith, S. L., Smith, C., Solidoro, C., St John, M., and Zhou, M.: End-To-End Models for the Analysis of Marine Ecosystems: Challenges, Issues, and Next Steps, Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 2, 115–130, https://doi.org/10.1577/C09-059.1, 2010.
Rossi, F., Vos, M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Species identity, diversity and microbial carbon flow in reassembling macrobenthic communities, Oikos, 118, 503–512, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17112.x, 2009.
Salihoglu, B., Neuer, S., Painting, S., Murtugudde, R., Hofmann, E. E., Steele, J. H., Hood, R. R., Legendre, L., Lomas, M. W., Wiggert, J. D., Ito, S., Lachkar, Z., Hunt, G. L.,Jr., Drinkwater, K. F., and Sabine, C. L.: Bridging marine ecosystem and biogeochemistry research: Lessons and recommendations from comparative studies, J. Marine Syst., 109, 161–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.07.005, 2013.
Sarmiento, G. L. and Gruber, N.: Ocean biogeochemical dynamics, Princeton University Press, 503 pp., 2006.
Schell, D. M.: C-13 and C-14 Abundances in Alaskan Aquatic Organisms – Delayed Production from Peat in Arctic Food Webs, Science, 219, 1068–1071, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.219.4588.1068, 1983.
Schouten, S., Klein Breteler, W. C. M., Blokker, P., Schogt, N., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Grice, K., Baas, M., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Biosynthetic effects on the stable carbon isotopic composition of algal lipids: implications for deciphering the carbon isotopic biomarker record, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac, 62, 1397–1406, 1998.
Semmens, B. X., Ward, E. J., Moore, J. W., and Darimont, C. T.: Quantifying Inter- and Intra-Population Niche Variability Using Hierarchical Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models, Plos One, 4, e6187, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006187, 2009.
Sessions, A. L., Burgoyne, T. W., Schimmelmann, A., and Hayes, J. M.: Fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in lipid biosynthesis, Org. Geochem., 30, 1193–1200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00094-7, 1999.
Smith, B. N. and Epstein, S.: Biogeochemistry of Stable Isotopes of Hydrogen and Carbon in Salt Marsh Biota, Plant Physiol., 46, 738–742, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.46.5.738, 1970.
Solomon, C. T., Cole, J. J., Doucett, R. R., Pace, M. L., Preston, N. D., Smith, L. E., and Weidel, B. C.: The influence of environmental water on the hydrogen stable isotope ratio in aquatic consumers, Oecologia, 161, 313–324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1370-5, 2009.
Solomon, C. T., Carpenter, S. R., Clayton, M. K., Cole, J. J., Coloso, J. J., Pace, M. L., Vander Zanden, M. J., and Weidel, B. C.: Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model, Ecology, 92, 1115–1125, 2011.
Thurber, A. R., Levin, L. A., Orphan, V. J., and Marlow, J. J.: Archaea in metazoan diets: implications for food webs and biogeochemical cycling, ISME J., 6, 1602–1612, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2012.16, 2012.
Travers, M., Shin, Y.-J., Jennings, S., and Cury, P.: Towards end-to-end models for investigating the effects of climate and fishing in marine ecosystems, Prog. Oceanogr., 75, 751–770, 2007.
Van den Meersche, K., Middelburg, J. J., Soetaert, K., van Rijswijk, P., Boschker, H. T. S., and Heip, C. H. R.: Carbon-nitrogen coupling and algal-bacterial interactions during an experimental bloom: Modeling a C-13 tracer experiment, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 862–878, 2004.
Van den Meersche, K., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: A Bayesian compositional estimator for microbial taxonomy based on biomarkers, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 6, 190–199, 2008.
Van den Meersche, K., Van Rijswijk, P., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: Autochthonous and allochthonous contributions to mesozooplankton diet in a tidal river and estuary: Integrating carbon isotope and fatty acid constraints, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 62–74, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0062, 2009.
Van den Meersche, K., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: Plankton dynamics in an estuarine plume: a mesocosm C-13 and N-15 tracer study, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 429, 29–43, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09097, 2011.
Van Engeland, T., De Kluijver, A., Soetaert, K., Meysman, F. J. R., and Middelburg, J. J.: Isotope data improve the predictive capabilities of a marine biogeochemical model, Biogeosciences Discuss., 9, 9453–9486, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-9453-2012, 2012.
van Nugteren, P., Herman, P. M. J., Moodley, L., Middelburg, J. J., Vos, M., and Heip, C. H. R.: Spatial distribution of detrital resources determines the outcome of competition between bacteria and a facultative detritivorous worm, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 1413–1419, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.5.1413, 2009.
van Oevelen, D., Moodley, L., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: The trophic significance of bacterial carbon in a marine intertidal sediment: Results of an in situ stable isotope labeling study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 2349–2359, 2006a.
van Oevelen, D., Soetaert, K., Middelburg, J. J., Herman, P. M. J., Moodley, L., Hamels, I., Moens, T., and Heip, C. H. R.: Carbon flows through a benthic food web: Integrating biomass, isotope and tracer data, J. Mar. Res., 64, 453–482, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224006778189581, 2006b.
van Oevelen, D., Van den Meersche, K., Meysman, F. J. R., Soetaert, K., Middelburg, J. J., and Vezina, A. F.: Quantifying Food Web Flows Using Linear Inverse Models, Ecosystems, 13, 32–45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9297-6, 2010.
Van Oevelen, D., Soetaert, K., and Heip, C. H. R.: Carbon flows in the benthic food web of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain: The (un)importance of labile detritus in supporting microbial and faunal carbon demands, Limnol. Oceanogr., 7, 645–664, 2012.
Vander Zanden, M. J. and Rasmussen, J. B.: Variation in delta N-15 and delta C-13 trophic fractionation: Implications for aquatic food web studies, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 2061–2066, 2001.
Vander Zanden, M. J., Casselman, J. M., and Rasmussen, J. B.: Stable isotope evidence for the food web consequences of species invasions in lakes, Nature, 401, 464–467, https://doi.org/10.1038/46762, 1999.
Vanderklift, M. A. and Ponsard, S.: Sources of variation in consumer-diet delta(15)N enrichment: a meta-analysis, Oecologia, 136, 169–182, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1270-z, 2003.
Veuger, B., Middelburg, J. J., Boschker, H. T. S., and Houtekamer, M.: Analysis of N-15 incorporation into D-alanine: A new method for tracing nitrogen uptake by bacteria, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 3, 230–240, 2005.
Veuger, B., Eyre, B. D., Maher, D., and Middelburg, J. J.: Nitrogen incorporation and retention by bacteria, algae, and fauna in a subtropical intertidal sediment: An in situ N-15-labeling study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1930–1942, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.1930, 2007.
Vogel, C., Mueller, C. W., Höschen, C., Buegger, F., Heister, K., Schulz, S., Schloter, M., and Kögel-Knabner, I.: Submicron structures provide preferential spots for carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils, Nat. Commun., 5, 2947, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3947, 2014.
Wagner, M.: Single-Cell Ecophysiology of Microbes as Revealed by Raman Microspectroscopy or Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 63, 411–429, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073233, 2009.
Witte, U., Wenzhofer, F., Sommer, S., Boetius, A., Heinz, P., Aberle, N., Sand, M., Cremer, A., Abraham, W. R., Jorgensen, B. B., and Pfannkuche, O.: In situ experimental evidence of the fate of a phytodetritus pulse at the abyssal sea floor, Nature, 424, 763–766, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01799, 2003.
Wolf, N., Carleton, S. A., and del Rio, C. M.: Ten years of experimental animal isotopic ecology, Funct. Ecol., 23, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01529.x, 2009.
Woulds, C., Cowie, G. L., Levin, L. A., Andersson, J. H., Middelburg, J. J., Vandewiele, S., Lamont, P. A., Larkin, K. E., Gooday, A. J., Schumacher, S., Whitcraft, C., Jeffreys, R. M., and Schwartz, M.: Oxygen as a control on seafloor biological communities and their roles in sedimentary carbon cycling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1698–1709, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1698, 2007.
Woulds, C., Andersson, J. H., Cowie, G. L., Middelburg, J. J., and Levin, L. A.: The short-term fate of organic carbon in marine sediments: Comparing the Pakistan margin to other regions, Deep-Sea Ress. Pt. II, 56, 393–402, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.008, 2009.
Zhang, X., Gillespie, A. L., and Sessions, A. L.: Large D/H variations in bacterial lipids reflect central metabolic pathways, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 12580–12586, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903030106, 2009.
Zigah, P. K., Minor, E. C., Werne, J. P., and Leigh McCallister, S.: An isotopic (Δ14C, δ13C, and δ15N) investigation of the composition of particulate organic matter and zooplankton food sources in Lake Superior and across a size-gradient of aquatic systems, Biogeosciences, 9, 3663–3678, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3663-2012, 2012.
