Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-781-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-781-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Feb 2020
Research article |
| 17 Feb 2020
| 17 Feb 2020
Soil carbon release responses to long-term versus short-term climatic warming in an arid ecosystem
Hongying Yu
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Guangsheng Zhou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological
Administration, Beijing 100081, China
Yaohui Shi
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological
Administration, Beijing 100081, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Xiaoyi Zhang, Wanyun Xu, Weili Lin, Gen Zhang, Jinjian Geng, Li Zhou, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12323–12340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) deposition is a key process that removes surface O3, affecting air quality, ecosystems and climate change. We conducted O3 deposition measurement over a wheat canopy using a newly relaxed eddy accumulation flux system. Large variabilities in O3 deposition were detected, mainly determined by crop growth and modulated by various environmental factors. More O3 deposition observations over different surfaces are needed for exploring deposition mechanisms and model optimization.
Jiangchuan Tao, Biao Luo, Weiqi Xu, Gang Zhao, Hanbin Xu, Biao Xue, Miaomiao Zhai, Wanyun Xu, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Li Liu, Ye Kuang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9131–9154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using simultaneous measurements of DMA–CCNC, H(/V)TDMA, and DMA–SP2, impacts of primary emissions and secondary aerosol formations on changes in aerosol physicochemical properties were comprehensively investigated. It was found that intercomparisons among aerosol mixing-state parameters derived from different techniques can help us gain more insight into aerosol physical properties which, in turn, will aid the investigation of emission characteristics and secondary aerosol formation pathways.
Guangsheng Zhou, Hongrui Ren, Lei Zhang, Xiaomin Lv, and Mengzi Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-193, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-193, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a new approach to long-time continuous annual vegetation mapping from remote sensing imagery, and mapped the vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) from 2000 to 2022 through the MOD09A1 product. The overall accuracy of continuous annual QTP vegetation mapping reached 80.9%, with the reference annual 2020 reaching an accuracy of 86.5% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.85. The study supports the use of remote sensing data to mapping a long-time continuous annual vegetation.
Juan Hong, Min Tang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Nan Ma, Shaowen Zhu, Shaobin Zhang, Xihao Pan, Linhong Xie, Guo Li, Uwe Kuhn, Chao Yan, Jiangchuan Tao, Ye Kuang, Yao He, Wanyun Xu, Runlong Cai, Yaqing Zhou, Zhibin Wang, Guangsheng Zhou, Bin Yuan, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5699–5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5699-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5699-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive investigation of the characteristics of new particle formation (NPF) events was conducted at a rural site on the North China Plain (NCP), China, during the wintertime of 2018 by covering the particle number size distribution down to sub–3 nm. Potential mechanisms for NPF under the current environment were explored, followed by a further discussion on the factors governing the occurrence of NPF at this rural site compared with other regions (e.g., urban areas) in the NCP region.
Hongru Sun, Zhenzhu Xu, and Bingrui Jia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2951–2961, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a new soil respiration (Rs) database of China's forests from 568 studies published up to 2018. The hourly, monthly, and annual samples were 8317, 5003, and 634, respectively. Most of the Rs data are shown in figures but were seldom exploited. For the first time, these data were digitized, accounting for 82 % of samples. Rs measured with common methods was selected (Li-6400, Li-8100, Li-8150, gas chromatography) and showed small differences of ~10 %. Bamboo had the highest Rs.
Jingnan Shi, Juan Hong, Nan Ma, Qingwei Luo, Yao He, Hanbing Xu, Haobo Tan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jiangchuan Tao, Yaqing Zhou, Shuang Han, Long Peng, Linhong Xie, Guangsheng Zhou, Wanyun Xu, Yele Sun, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4599–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the hygroscopicity of submicron aerosols at a rural site in the North China Plain during the winter of 2018, using a HTDMA and a CV-ToF-ACSM. We observed differences in aerosol hygroscopicity during two distinct episodes with different primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation processes. These results provide an improved understanding of the complex influence of sources and aerosol evolution processes on their hygroscopicity.
Yaqing Zhou, Nan Ma, Qiaoqiao Wang, Zhibin Wang, Chunrong Chen, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Long Peng, Yao He, Linhong Xie, Shaowen Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Guo Li, Wanyun Xu, Peng Cheng, Uwe Kuhn, Guangsheng Zhou, Pingqing Fu, Qiang Zhang, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2029–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes size-resolved particle effective densities and their evolution associated with emissions and aging processes in a rural area of the North China Plain. Particle effective density exhibits a high-frequency bimodal distribution, and two density modes exhibit opposite trends with increasing particle size. SIA and BC mass fractions are key factors of particle effective density, and a value of 0.6 g cm−3 is appropriate to represent BC effective density in bulk particles.
Bingrui Jia and Guangsheng Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 893–898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-893-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-893-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) is the dominant species in northeast China, which is situated in the southernmost part of the global boreal forest and is undergoing great climate change. Its growth characteristics (tree height, diameter at breast height, tree volume and/or stand volume) were collected from published studies from 1965 to 2015. The data set (N=743) provides a quantitative reference for plantation management practices and boreal forest growth prediction under future climate change.
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Crowd-sourced trait data can be used to delimit global biomes
Biomass yield potential, feedstock quality, and nutrient removal of perennial buffer strips under continuous zero fertilizer application
Leaf habit drives leaf nutrient resorption globally alongside nutrient availability and climate
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
Enhancing environmental models with a new downscaling method for global radiation in complex terrain
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 4909–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scales and to assess impacts of climate change, yet there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess whether trait information is suitable for delimiting biomes. Although the trait data were heterogeneous and had large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a global trait-based biome classification was possible.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and DoKyoung Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 4765–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass as potential income for farmers. The forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type buffer showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin David Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 21, 4169–4193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect on its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Arsène Druel, Julien Ruffault, Hendrik Davi, André Chanzy, Olivier Marloie, Miquel De Cáceres, Florent Mouillot, Christophe François, Kamel Soudani, and Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1800, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate radiation data are essential for understanding ecosystem growth. Traditional large-scale data lack the precision needed for complex terrains, e.g. mountainous regions. This study introduces a new model to enhance radiation data resolution using elevation maps, which accounts for sub-daily direct and diffuse radiation effects caused by terrain features. Tested on Mont Ventoux, this method significantly improves radiation estimates, benefiting forest growth and climate risk models.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin De Kauwe, Sam Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3084, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3084, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics, the land carbon, water and energy cycles and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning / AI approaches to show that despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could, given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 MteqCO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of the country's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
Cited articles
Alvarez, G., Shahzad, T., Andanson, L., Bahn, M., Wallenstein, M. D., and
Fontaine, S.: Catalytic power of enzymes decreases with temperature: New
insights for understanding soil C cycling and microbial ecology under
warming, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 4238–4250,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14281, 2018.
Bai, W., Wan, S., Niu, S., Liu, W., Chen, Q., Wang, Q., Zhang, W., Han, X.,
and Li, L.: Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root
production, mortality, and turnover in a temperate steppe: implications for
ecosystem C cycling, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 1306–1316,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x, 2010.
Ballantyne, A., Smith, W., Anderegg, W., Kauppi, P., Sarmiento, J., Tans,
P., Shevliakova, E., Pan, Y., Poulter, B., Anav, A., and Friedlingstein, P.:
Accelerating net terrestrial carbon uptake during the warming hiatus due to
reduced respiration, Nat. Clim. Change, 7, 148–152,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3204, 2017.
Bao, F., Zhou, G. S., Wang, F. Y., and Sui, X. H.: Partitioning soil
respiration in a temperate desert steppe in Inner Mongolia using exponential
regression method, Soil Biol. Biochem., 42, 2339–2341,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.033, 2010.
Bérard, A., Bouchet, T., Sévenier, G., Pablo, A. L., and Gros, R.:
Resilience of soil microbial communities impacted by severe drought and high
temperature in the context of Mediterranean heat waves, Eur. J. Soil Biol.,
47, 333–342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.08.004, 2011.
Bérard, A., Sassi, M. B., Kaisermann, A., and Renault, P.: Soil microbial
community responses to heat wave components: drought and high temperature,
Clim. Res., 66, 243–264, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01343, 2015.
Boone, R. D., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Canary, J. D., and Kaye, J. P.: Roots
exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration,
Nature, 396, 570–572, https://doi.org/10.1038/25119, 1998.
Bradford, M. A., Wieder, W. R., Bonan, G. B., Fierer, N., Raymond, P. A.,
and Crowther, T. W.: Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to
climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 751–758,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3071, 2016.
Cable, J. M., Ogle, K., Williams, D. G., Weltzin, J. F., and Huxman, T. E.:
Soil texture drives responses of soil respiration to precipitation pulses in
the Sonoran Desert: Implications for climate change, Ecosystems, 11,
961–979, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9172-x, 2008.
Camenzind, T., Hättenschwiler, S., Treseder, K. K., Lehmann, A., and
Rillig, M. C.: Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical
forests, Ecol., Monogr., 88, 4–21, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1279, 2018.
Carey, J. C., Tang, J., Templer, P. H., Kroeger, K. D., Crowther, T. W.,
Burton, A. J., Dukes, J. S., Emmett, B., Frey, S. D., Heskel, M. A., and
Jiang, L.: Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with
experimental warming, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 13797–13802, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605365113, 2016.
Chang, X., Wang, S., Luo, C., Zhang, Z., Duan, J., Zhu, X., Lin, Q., and Xu,
B.: Responses of soil microbial respiration to thermal stress in alpine
steppe on the Tibetan plateau, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 63, 325–331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2012.01441.x, 2012.
Chen, S. P., Lin, G. H., Huang, J. H., and He, M.: Responses of soil
respiration to simulated precipitation pulses in semiarid steppe under
different grazing regimes, J. Plant Ecol., 1, 237–246, https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtn020, 2008.
Conant, R. T., Klopatek, J. M., and Klopatek, C. C.: Environmental factors
controlling soil respiration in three semiarid ecosystems, Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J., 64, 383–390, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.641383x,
2000.
Crowther, T. W., Todd-Brown, K. E., Rowe, C. W., Wieder, W. R., Carey, J.
C., Machmuller, M. B., Snoek, B. L., Fang, S., Zhou, G., Allison, S. D., and
Blair, J. M.: Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming,
Nature, 540, 104–108, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20150,
2016.
Curiel, J. C., Janssens, I. A, Carrara, A., Meiresonne, L., and Ceulemans,
R.: Interactive effects of temperature and precipitation on soil respiration
in a temperate maritime pine forest, Tree Physiol., 23, 1263–1270,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.18.1263, 2003.
Dacal, M., Bradford, M. A., Plaza, C., Maestre, F. T., and
García-Palacios, P.: Soil microbial respiration adapts to ambient
temperature in global drylands, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 3, 232–238, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0770-5, 2019.
Drew, M. C.: Oxygen deficiency and root metabolism: injury and acclimation
under hypoxia and anoxia, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 48, 223–250, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.223, 1997.
Drewitt, G. B., Black, T. A., Nesic, Z., Humphreys, E. R., Jork, E. M.,
Swanson, R., Ethier, G. J., Griffis, T., and Morgenstern, K.: Measuring
forest floor CO2 fluxes in a Douglas-fir forest, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 110, 299–317, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00294-5, 2002.
Edwards, K. A. and Jfferies, R. L.: Inter-annual and seasonal dynamics of
soil microbial biomass and nutrients in wet and dry low-Arctic sedge
meadows, Soil Biol. Biochem., 57, 83–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.018, 2013.
Eissenstat, D. M., Wells, C. E., Yanai, R. D., and Whitbeck, J. L.: Research
view: Building roots in a changing environment: Implications for root
longevity, New Phytol., 147, 33–42, 2000.
Fa, K., Zhang, Y., Lei, G., Wu, B., Qin, S., Liu, J., Feng, W., and Lai, Z.:
Underestimation of soil respiration in a desert ecosystem, Catena, 162,
23–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.11.019, 2018.
Falkowski, P., Scholes, R. J., Boyle, E. E. A., Canadell, J., Canfield, D.,
Elser, J., Gruber, N., Hibbard, K., Högberg, P., Linder, S., and
Mackenzie, F. T.: The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth
as a system, Science, 290, 291–296, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5490.291, 2000.
Fan, J. W., Wang, K., Harris, W., Zhong, H. P., Hu, Z. M., Han, B., Zhang,
W. Y., and Wang, J. B.: Allocation of vegetation biomass across a
climate-related gradient in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, J. Arid
Environ., 73, 521–528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.12.004, 2009.
Fang, C., Li, F., Pei, J., Ren, J., Gong, Y., Yuan, Z., Ke, W., Zheng, Y.,
Bai, X., and Ye, J. S.: Impacts of warming and nitrogen addition on soil
autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a semi-arid environment, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 248, 449–457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.032, 2018.
Gaumont-Guay, D., Black, T. A., Griffis, T. J., Barr, A. G., Jassal, R. S.,
and Nesic, Z.: Interpreting the dependence of soil respiration on soil
temperature and water content in a boreal aspen stand, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 140, 220–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.003, 2006.
Gefen, D., Straub, D., and Boudreau, M. C.: Structural equation modelling
and regression: Guidelines for research practice, Communications of the
Association for Information Systems, 4, 7, https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.00407, 2000.
Gompertz, B.: On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human
mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life
contingencies, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond., 115, 513–583, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1825.0026, 1825.
Han, G. X., Zhou, G. S., Xu, Z. Z., Yang, Y., Liu, J. L., and Shi, K. Q.:
Soil temperature and biotic factors drive the seasonal variation of soil
respiration in a maize (Zea mays L.) agricultural ecosystem, Plant Soil, 291,
15–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9170-8, 2006.
Hoover, D. L., Knapp, A. K., and Smith, M. D.: The immediate and prolonged
effects of climate extremes on soil respiration in a mesic grassland, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 121, 1034–1044,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003256, 2016.
Hou, Y. H., Zhou, G. S., Xu, Z. Z., Liu, T., and Zhang, X. S.: Interactive
effects of warming and increased precipitation on community structure and
composition in an annual forb dominated desert steppe, PLoS one, 8, e70114,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070114, 2013.
Huxman, T. E., Snyder, K. A., Tissue, D., Leffler, A. J., Ogle, K., Pockman,
W. T., Sandquist, D. R., Potts, D. L., and Schwinning, S.: Precipitation
pulses and carbon fluxes in semiarid and arid ecosystems, Oecologia, 141,
254–268, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1682-4, 2004.
IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working
Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R. K., and Meyer, L. A.,
IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp., 2014.
IPCC: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate
change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food
security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, edited by: Shukla, P. R., Skea, J., Calvo Buendia, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Zhai, P., Slade, R., Connors, S., van Diemen, R., Ferrat, M., Haughey, E., Luz, S., Neogi, S., Pathak, M., Petzold, J., Portugal Pereira, J., Vyas, P., Huntley, E., Kissick, K., Belkacemi, M., and Malley, J., IPCC, available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/ (last access: 12 February 2020), 2019.
Janssens, I. A., Kowalski, A. S., and Ceulemans, R.: Forest floor CO2 fluxes estimated by eddy covariance and chamber-based model, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 106, 61–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00177-5,
2001.
Jassal, R. S., Black, T. A., Novak, M. D., Gaumont-Guay, D., and Nesic, Z.:
Effect of soil water stress on soil respiration and its temperature
sensitivity in an 18-year-old temperate Douglas-fir stand, Glob. Change
Biol., 14, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01573.x, 2008.
Jenkinson, D. S., Adams, D. E., and Wild, A.: Model estimates of CO2
emissions from soil in response to global warming, Nature, 351, 304–306,
https://doi.org/10.1038/351304a0, 1991.
Jia, B., Zhou, G., Wang, Y., Wang, F., and Wang, X.: Effects of temperature
and soil water-content on soil respiration of grazed and ungrazed Leymus chinensis steppes,
Inner Mongolia, J. Arid Environ., 67, 60–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.002, 2006.
Jobbágy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B.: The vertical distribution of soil
organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation, Ecol. Appl., 10,
423–436, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0423:TVDOSO]2.0.CO;2,
2000.
Johnson, M. G., Rygiewicz, P. T., Tingey, D. T., and Phillips, D. L.:
Elevated CO2 and elevated temperature have no effect on Douglas-fir
fine-root dynamics in nitrogen-poor soil, New Phytol., 170, 345–356,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01658.x, 2006.
Kang, L., Han, X. G., Zhang, Z. B., and Sun, O. J.: Grassland ecosystems in
China: review of current knowledge and research advancement, Philos. T. R.
Soc. B, 362, 997–1008, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2029, 2007.
Karhu, K., Auffret, M. D., Dungait, J. A., Hopkins, D. W., Prosser, J. I.,
Singh, B. K., Subke, J. A., Wookey, P. A., Agren, G. I., Sebastia, M. T.,
Gouriveau, F., Bergkvist, G., Meir, P., Nottingham, A. T., Salinas, N., and
Hartley, I. P.: Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rates enhanced
by microbial community response, Nature, 513, 81–84,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13604, 2014.
Keith, H., Jacobsen, K. L., and Raison, R. J.: Effects of soil phosphorus
availability, temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest, Plant
Soil, 190, 127–141, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004279300622, 1997.
Kwon, M. J., Natali, S. M., Hicks, C. E., Schuur, E. A., Steinhof, A.,
Crummer, K. G., Zimov, N., Zimov, S. A., Heimann, M., Kolle, O., and
Göckede, M.: Drainage enhances modern soil carbon contribution but
reduces old soil carbon contribution to ecosystem respiration in tundra
ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 25, 1315–1325,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14578, 2019.
Li, H. J., Yan, J. X., Yue, X. F., and Wang, M. B.: Significance of soil
temperature and moisture for soil respiration in a Chinese mountain area,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 148, 490–503,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.10.009, 2008.
Lin, X. W., Zhang, Z. H., Wang, S. P., Hu, Y. G., Xu, G. P., Luo, C. Y.,
Chang, X. F., Duan, J. C., Lin, Q. Y., Xu, B., Wang, Y. F., Zhao, X. Q., and
Xie, Z. B.: Response of ecosystem respiration to warming and grazing during
the growing seasons in the alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 151, 792–802, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.009,
2011.
Litton, C. M. and Giardina, C. P.: Below-ground carbon flux and
partitioning: global patterns and response to temperature, Funct. Ecol., 22,
941–954, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01479.x, 2008.
Liu, L., Wang, X., Lajeunesse, M. J., Miao, G., Piao, S., Wan, S., Wu, Y.,
Wang, Z., Yang, S., Li, P., and Deng, M.: A cross-biome synthesis of soil
respiration and its determinants under simulated precipitation changes,
Glob. Change Biol., 22, 1394–1405, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13156,
2016.
Liu, L. T., Hu, C. S., Yang, P. P., Ju, Z. Q., Olesen, J. E., and Tang, J.
W.: Effects of experimental warming and nitrogen addition on soil
respiration and CH4 fluxes from crop rotations of winter
wheat–soybean/fallow, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 207, 38–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013, 2015.
Liu, T., Xu, Z. Z., Hou, Y. H., and Zhou, G. S.: Effects of warming and
changing precipitation rates on soil respiration over two years in a desert
steppe of northern China, Plant Soil, 400, 15–27,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2705-0, 2016.
Liu, W. X., Zhang, Z., and Wan, S. Q.: Predominant role of water in
regulating soil and microbial respiration and their responses to climate
change in a semiarid grassland, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 184–195,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01728.x, 2009.
Liu, W. X., Jiang, L., Hu, S. J., Li, L. H., Liu, L. L., and Wan, S. Q.:
Decoupling of soil microbes and plants with increasing anthropogenic
nitrogen inputs in a temperate steppe, Soil Biol. Biochem., 72, 116–122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.022, 2014.
Liu, X. Z., Wan, S. Q., Su, B., Hui, D. F., and Luo, Y. Q.: Response of soil
CO2 efflux to water manipulation in a tallgrass prairie
ecosystem, Plant Soil, 240, 213–223,
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015744126533, 2002.
Lloyd, J. and Taylor, J. A.: On the temperature dependence of soil
respiration, Funct. Ecol., 8, 315–323, https://doi.org/10.2307/2389824,
1994.
Luo, Y. Q., Wan, S. Q., Hui, D. F., and Wallace, L. L.: Acclimatization of
soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie, Nature, 413, 622–625,
https://doi.org/10.1038/35098065, 2001.
Ma, Q., Yu, H., Liu, X., Xu, Z., Zhou, G., and Shi, Y.: Climatic warming
shifts the soil nematode community in a desert steppe, Climatic Change, 150,
243–258, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2277-0, 2018.
Ma, Y. C., Piao, S. L., Sun, Z. Z., Lin, X., Wang, T., Yue, C., and Yang,
Y.: Stand ages regulate the response of soil respiration to temperature in a
Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 184, 179–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.10.008, 2014.
Maestre, F. T., Salguero-Gómez, R., and Quero, J. L.: It is getting
hotter in here: determining and projecting the impacts of global
environmental change on drylands, Philos. T. R. Soc. B., 367, 3062–3075,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0323, 2012.
Martins, C. S. C., Macdonald, C. A., Anderson, I. C., and Singh, B. K.:
Feedback responses of soil greenhouse gas emissions to climate change are
modulated by soil characteristics in dryland ecosystems, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 100, 21–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.007,
2016.
Meisner, A., Rousk, J., and Bååth, E.: Prolonged drought changes the
bacterial growth response to rewetting, Soil Biol. Biochem., 88, 314–322,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.002, 2015.
Meyer, N., Welp, G., and Amelung, W.: The temperature sensitivity (Q10)
of soil respiration: controlling factors and spatial prediction at regional
scale based on environmental soil classes, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32,
306–323, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005644, 2018.
Moncrieff, J. B. and Fang, C.: A model for soil CO2 production and
transport 2: application to a Florida Pinus elliotte plantation, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 95, 237–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00035-0,
1999.
Moyano, F. E., Vasilyeva, N., Bouckaert, L., Cook, F., Craine, J., Curiel Yuste, J., Don, A., Epron, D., Formanek, P., Franzluebbers, A., Ilstedt, U., Kätterer, T., Orchard, V., Reichstein, M., Rey, A., Ruamps, L., Subke, J.-A., Thomsen, I. K., and Chenu, C.: The moisture response of soil heterotrophic respiration: interaction with soil properties, Biogeosciences, 9, 1173–1182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1173-2012, 2012.
Moyano, F. E., Manzoni, S., and Chenu, C.: Responses of soil heterotrophic
respiration to moisture availability: an exploration of processes and
models, Soil Biol. Biochem., 59, 72–85,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.002, 2013.
Munson, S. M., Benton, T. J., Lauenroth, W. K., and Burke, I. C.: Soil
carbon flux following pulse precipitation events in the shortgrass steppe,
Ecol. Res., 25, 205–211, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-009-0651-0, 2009.
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E.: Dry combustion method using medium
temperature resistance furnace, in:
Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbial Properties, edited by: Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R.,
Madison, WI, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of
America, 539–579, 1982.
Prietzel, J., Zimmermann, L., Schubert, A., and Christophel, D.: Organic
matter losses in German Alps forest soils since the 1970s most likely caused
by warming, Nat. Geosci., 9, 543–548, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2732,
2016.
Reynolds, L. L., Johnson, B. R., Pfeifer-Meister, L., and Bridgham, S. D.:
Soil respiration response to climate change in Pacific Northwest prairies is
mediated by a regional Mediterranean climate gradient, Glob. Change Biol.,
21, 487–500, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12732, 2015.
Rinnan, R., Michelsen, A., Bååth, E., and Jonasson, S.: Fifteen
years of climate change manipulations alter soil microbial communities in a
subarctic heath ecosystem, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 28–39,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01263.x, 2007.
Rinnan, R., Stark, S., and Tolvanen, A.: Responses of vegetation and soil
microbial communities to warming and simulated herbivory in a subarctic
heath, J. Ecol., 97, 788–800,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x, 2009.
Roby, M. C., Scott, R. L., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Hamerlynck, E. P., and Moore,
D. J.: Environmental and vegetative controls on soil CO2 efflux in
three semiarid ecosystems, Soil Syst., 3, 6,
https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010006, 2019.
Romero-Olivares, A. L., Allison, S. D., and Treseder, K. K.: Soil microbes
and their response to experimental warming over time: A meta-analysis of
field studies, Soil Biol. Biochem., 107, 32–40,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.12.026, 2017.
Ru, J., Zhou, Y., Hui, D., Zheng, M., and Wan, S.: Shifts of growing-season
precipitation peaks decrease soil respiration in a semiarid grassland, Glob.
Change Biol., 24, 1001–1011, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13941, 2018.
Sánchez-Rodríguez, A. R., Nie, C., Hill, P. W., Chadwick, D. R.,
and Jones, D. L.: Extreme flood events at higher temperatures exacerbate the loss
of soil functionality and trace gas emissions in grassland, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 130, 227–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.021,
2019.
Savage, K., Davidson, E. A., Richardson, A. D., and Hollinger, D. Y.: Three
scales of temporal resolution from automated soil respiration measurements,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149, 2012–2021,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.07.008, 2009.
Schlesinger, W. H.: Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus, Annu. Rev. Ecol.
Evol. S., 8, 51–81,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.000411, 1977.
Shen, Z. X., Li, Y. L., and Fu, G.: Response of soil respiration to
short-term experimental warming and precipitation pulses over the growing
season in an alpine meadow on the Northern Tibet, Appl. Soil Ecol., 90,
35–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.01.015, 2015.
Sierra C. A., Trumbore S. E., Davidson, E. A., Vicca, S., and Janssens, I.:
Sensitivity of decomposition rates of soil organic matter with respect to
simultaneous changes in temperature and moisture, J. Adv. Model. Earth
Sy., 7, 335–356, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000358, 2015.
Skopp, J., Jawson, M. D., and Doran, J. W.: Steady-state aerobic microbial
activity as a function of soil water content, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54,
1619–1625, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400060018x, 1990.
Song, W. M., Chen, S. P., Wu, B., Zhu, Y. J., Zhou, Y. D., Lu, Q., and Lin,
G. H.: Simulated rain addition modifies diurnal patterns and temperature
sensitivities of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in an arid
desert ecosystem, Soil Biol. Biochem., 82, 143–152,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.020, 2015.
Sponseller, R. A.: Precipitation pulses and soil CO2 flux in a Sonoran
Desert ecosystem, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 426–436,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01307.x, 2007.
Thakur, M. P., Del Real, I. M., Cesarz, S., Steinauer, K., Reich, P. B.,
Hobbie, S., Ciobanu, M., Rich, R., Worm, K., and Eisenhauer, N.: Soil
microbial, nematode, and enzymatic responses to elevated CO2, N
fertilization, warming, and reduced precipitation, Soil Biol. Biochem., 135,
184–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.04.020, 2019.
Tucker, C. L. and Reed, S. C.: Low soil moisture during hot periods drives
apparent negative temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a dryland
ecosystem: a multi-model comparison, Biogeochemistry, 128, 155–169,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0200-1, 2016.
Tucker, C. L., Bell, J., Pendall, E., and Ogle, K.: Does declining carbon-use
efficiency explain thermal acclimation of soil respiration with warming?
Glob. Change Biol., 19, 252–263, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12036, 2013.
Wan, S. Q., Norby, R. J., Pregitzer, K. S., Ledford, J., and O'Neill, E. G.:
CO2 enrichment and warming of the atmosphere enhance both
productivity and mortality of maple tree fine roots, New Phytol., 162,
437–446, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01034.x, 2004.
Wan, S. Q., Hui, D. F., Wallace, L., and Luo, Y. Q.: Direct and indirect
effects of experimental warming on ecosystem carbon processes in a tallgrass
prairie, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002315, 2005.
Wan, S. Q., Norby, R. J., Ledford, J., and Weltzin, J. F.: Responses of soil
respiration to elevated CO2, air warming, and changing soil water
availability in a model old-field grassland, Glob. Change Biol., 13,
2411–2424, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x, 2007.
Wang, Y., Hao, Y., Cui, X. Y., Zhao, H., Xu, C., Zhou, X., and Xu, Z.:
Responses of soil respiration and its components to drought stress, J. Soil.
Sediment., 14, 99–109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0799-7, 2014.
Wu, H. J. and Lee, X.: Short-term effects of rain on soil respiration
in two New England forests, Plant Soil, 338, 329–342,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0548-2, 2011.
Xu, W., Yuan, W., Cui, L., Ma, M., and Zhang, F.: Responses of soil organic
carbon decomposition to warming depend on the natural warming gradient,
Geoderma, 343, 10–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.017, 2019.
Xu, Z., Shimizu, H., Ito, S., Yagasaki, Y., Zou, C., Zhou, G., and Zheng, Y.:
Effects of elevated CO2, warming and precipitation change on plant
growth, photosynthesis and peroxidation in dominant species from North China
grassland, Planta, 239, 421–435, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-013-1987-9,
2014.
Xu, Z., Hou, Y., Zhang, L., Tao, L., and Zhou, G.: Ecosystem responses to
warming and watering in typical and desert steppes, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 34801,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34801, 2016.
Yan, M. F., Zhou, G. S., and Zhang, X. S.: Effects of irrigation on the soil
CO2 efflux from different poplar clone plantations in arid northwest
China, Plant Soil, 375, 89–97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1944-1,
2013.
Yan, Z. B., Bond-Lamberty, K. E., Todd-Brown, V. L., Bailey, S., Li, C.,
Liu, C. Q., and Liu, C.: A moisture function of soil heterotrophic respiration
that incorporates microscale processes, Nat. Commun., 9, 2562,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04971-6, 2018.
Yin, X., Goudriaan, J. A. N., Lantinga, E. A., Vos, J. A. N., and Spiertz,
H. J.: A flexible Gompertz function of determinate growth, Ann. Bot., 91,
361–371, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg029, 2003.
Yu, H., Ma, Q., Liu, X., Xu, Z., Zhou, G., and Shi, Y.: Short-and long-term
warming alters soil microbial community and relates to soil traits, Appl.
Soil Ecol., 131, 22–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.07.006, 2018.
Yu, H. Y., Chen, Y. T., Xu, Z. Z., and Zhou, G. S.: Analysis of
relationships among leaf functional traits and economics spectrum of plant
species in the desert steppe of Nei Mongol, Chin. J. Plant Ecol., 38,
1029–1040, https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00097, 2014.
Yu, H. Y., Xu, Z. Z., Zhou, G. S., and Shi, Y. H.: The data for the article
entitled “Soil carbon release responses to long-term versus short-term
climatic warming in an arid ecosystem” [Data set], Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3546062, 2019.
Zhang, C. P., Niu, D. C., Hall, S. J., Wen, H. Y., Li, X. D., Fu, H., Wan,
C. G., and Elser, J. J.: Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil
respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid
grassland, Soil Biol. Biochem., 75, 113–123,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.013, 2014.
Zhang, N. L., Wan, S. Q., Li, L. H., Bi, J., Zhao, M. M., and Ma, K. P.:
Impacts of urea N addition on soil microbial community in a semi-arid
temperate steppe in northern China, Plant Soil, 311, 19–28,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9650-0, 2008.
Zhang, W., Parker, K. M., Luo, Y., Wan, S., Wallace, L. L., and Hu, S.: Soil
microbial responses to experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass
prairie, Glob. Change Biol., 11, 266–277,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00902.x, 2005.
Short summary
Climate change severely impacts grassland carbon cycling, especially in arid ecosystems, such as desert steppes. The current results highlight the great dependence of soil carbon emission on warming regimes of different duration and the important role of precipitation pulse during growing season in assessing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance and cycle.
Climate change severely impacts grassland carbon cycling, especially in arid ecosystems, such as...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint