Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1525-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1525-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Mar 2021
Research article |
| 03 Mar 2021
| 03 Mar 2021
Factors controlling the productivity of tropical Andean forests: climate and soil are more important than tree diversity
Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen,
Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of
Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Christoph Leuschner
Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen,
Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of
Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Related authors
Fabien H. Wagner, Bruno Hérault, Damien Bonal, Clément Stahl, Liana O. Anderson, Timothy R. Baker, Gabriel Sebastian Becker, Hans Beeckman, Danilo Boanerges Souza, Paulo Cesar Botosso, David M. J. S. Bowman, Achim Bräuning, Benjamin Brede, Foster Irving Brown, Jesus Julio Camarero, Plínio Barbosa Camargo, Fernanda C. G. Cardoso, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Wendeson Castro, Rubens Koloski Chagas, Jérome Chave, Emmanuel N. Chidumayo, Deborah A. Clark, Flavia Regina Capellotto Costa, Camille Couralet, Paulo Henrique da Silva Mauricio, Helmut Dalitz, Vinicius Resende de Castro, Jaçanan Eloisa de Freitas Milani, Edilson Consuelo de Oliveira, Luciano de Souza Arruda, Jean-Louis Devineau, David M. Drew, Oliver Dünisch, Giselda Durigan, Elisha Elifuraha, Marcio Fedele, Ligia Ferreira Fedele, Afonso Figueiredo Filho, César Augusto Guimarães Finger, Augusto César Franco, João Lima Freitas Júnior, Franklin Galvão, Aster Gebrekirstos, Robert Gliniars, Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro Graça, Anthony D. Griffiths, James Grogan, Kaiyu Guan, Jürgen Homeier, Maria Raquel Kanieski, Lip Khoon Kho, Jennifer Koenig, Sintia Valerio Kohler, Julia Krepkowski, José Pires Lemos-Filho, Diana Lieberman, Milton Eugene Lieberman, Claudio Sergio Lisi, Tomaz Longhi Santos, José Luis López Ayala, Eduardo Eijji Maeda, Yadvinder Malhi, Vivian R. B. Maria, Marcia C. M. Marques, Renato Marques, Hector Maza Chamba, Lawrence Mbwambo, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço, Hooz Angela Mendivelso, Brett P. Murphy, Joseph J. O'Brien, Steven F. Oberbauer, Naoki Okada, Raphaël Pélissier, Lynda D. Prior, Fidel Alejandro Roig, Michael Ross, Davi Rodrigo Rossatto, Vivien Rossi, Lucy Rowland, Ervan Rutishauser, Hellen Santana, Mark Schulze, Diogo Selhorst, Williamar Rodrigues Silva, Marcos Silveira, Susanne Spannl, Michael D. Swaine, José Julio Toledo, Marcos Miranda Toledo, Marisol Toledo, Takeshi Toma, Mario Tomazello Filho, Juan Ignacio Valdez Hernández, Jan Verbesselt, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Grégoire Vincent, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Franziska Volland, Martin Worbes, Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
Biogeosciences, 13, 2537–2562, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2537-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2537-2016, 2016
Rafael Poyatos, Víctor Granda, Víctor Flo, Mark A. Adams, Balázs Adorján, David Aguadé, Marcos P. M. Aidar, Scott Allen, M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Luiza Maria Aparecido, M. Altaf Arain, Ismael Aranda, Heidi Asbjornsen, Robert Baxter, Eric Beamesderfer, Z. Carter Berry, Daniel Berveiller, Bethany Blakely, Johnny Boggs, Gil Bohrer, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Rosvel Bracho, Patricia Brito, Jason Brodeur, Fernando Casanoves, Jérôme Chave, Hui Chen, Cesar Cisneros, Kenneth Clark, Edoardo Cremonese, Hongzhong Dang, Jorge S. David, Teresa S. David, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Frederic C. Do, Michal Dohnal, Jean-Christophe Domec, Sebinasi Dzikiti, Colin Edgar, Rebekka Eichstaedt, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jan Elbers, Cleiton B. Eller, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Brent Ewers, Patrick Fonti, Alicia Forner, David I. Forrester, Helber C. Freitas, Marta Galvagno, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Chandra Prasad Ghimire, Teresa E. Gimeno, John Grace, André Granier, Anne Griebel, Yan Guangyu, Mark B. Gush, Paul J. Hanson, Niles J. Hasselquist, Ingo Heinrich, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Valentine Herrmann, Teemu Hölttä, Friso Holwerda, James Irvine, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya, Paul G. Jarvis, Hubert Jochheim, Carlos A. Joly, Julia Kaplick, Hyun Seok Kim, Leif Klemedtsson, Heather Kropp, Fredrik Lagergren, Patrick Lane, Petra Lang, Andrei Lapenas, Víctor Lechuga, Minsu Lee, Christoph Leuschner, Jean-Marc Limousin, Juan Carlos Linares, Maj-Lena Linderson, Anders Lindroth, Pilar Llorens, Álvaro López-Bernal, Michael M. Loranty, Dietmar Lüttschwager, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Isabelle Maréchaux, Timothy A. Martin, Ashley Matheny, Nate McDowell, Sean McMahon, Patrick Meir, Ilona Mészáros, Mirco Migliavacca, Patrick Mitchell, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Georgianne W. Moore, Ryogo Nakada, Furong Niu, Rachael H. Nolan, Richard Norby, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oberhuber, Nikolaus Obojes, A. Christopher Oishi, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ram Oren, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Teemu Paljakka, Oscar Perez-Priego, Pablo L. Peri, Richard L. Peters, Sebastian Pfautsch, William T. Pockman, Yakir Preisler, Katherine Rascher, George Robinson, Humberto Rocha, Alain Rocheteau, Alexander Röll, Bruno H. P. Rosado, Lucy Rowland, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Santiago Sabaté, Yann Salmon, Roberto L. Salomón, Elisenda Sánchez-Costa, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Bernhard Schuldt, Alexandr Shashkin, Clément Stahl, Marko Stojanović, Juan Carlos Suárez, Ge Sun, Justyna Szatniewska, Fyodor Tatarinov, Miroslav Tesař, Frank M. Thomas, Pantana Tor-ngern, Josef Urban, Fernando Valladares, Christiaan van der Tol, Ilja van Meerveld, Andrej Varlagin, Holm Voigt, Jeffrey Warren, Christiane Werner, Willy Werner, Gerhard Wieser, Lisa Wingate, Stan Wullschleger, Koong Yi, Roman Zweifel, Kathy Steppe, Maurizio Mencuccini, and Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2607–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Transpiration is a key component of global water balance, but it is poorly constrained from available observations. We present SAPFLUXNET, the first global database of tree-level transpiration from sap flow measurements, containing 202 datasets and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. SAPFLUXNET and its accompanying R software package
sapfluxnetrwill facilitate new data syntheses on the ecological factors driving water use and drought responses of trees and forests.
Patrick Wordell-Dietrich, Anja Wotte, Janet Rethemeyer, Jörg Bachmann, Mirjam Helfrich, Kristina Kirfel, Christoph Leuschner, and Axel Don
Biogeosciences, 17, 6341–6356, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The release of CO2 from soils, known as soil respiration, plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. However, the contributions of different soil depths or the sources of soil CO2 have hardly been studied. We quantified the CO2 production for different soil layers (up to 1.5 m) in three soil profiles for 2 years. We found that 90 % of CO2 production occurs in the first 30 cm of the soil profile, and that the CO2 originated from young carbon sources, as revealed by radiocarbon measurements.
Ashehad A. Ali, Yuanchao Fan, Marife D. Corre, Martyna M. Kotowska, Evelyn Hassler, Fernando E. Moyano, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Ana Meijide, Andre Ringeler, Christoph Leuschner, Tania June, Suria Tarigan, Holger Kreft, Dirk Hölscher, Chonggang Xu, Charles D. Koven, Rosie Fisher, Edzo Veldkamp, and Alexander Knohl
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We used carbon-use and water-use related datasets of small-holder rubber plantations from Jambi province, Indonesia to develop and calibrate a rubber plant functional type for the Community Land Model (CLM-rubber). Increased sensitivity of stomata to soil water stress and enhanced respiration costs enabled the model to capture the magnitude of transpiration and leaf area index. Including temporal variations in leaf life span enabled the model to better capture the seasonality of leaf litterfall.
Fabien H. Wagner, Bruno Hérault, Damien Bonal, Clément Stahl, Liana O. Anderson, Timothy R. Baker, Gabriel Sebastian Becker, Hans Beeckman, Danilo Boanerges Souza, Paulo Cesar Botosso, David M. J. S. Bowman, Achim Bräuning, Benjamin Brede, Foster Irving Brown, Jesus Julio Camarero, Plínio Barbosa Camargo, Fernanda C. G. Cardoso, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Wendeson Castro, Rubens Koloski Chagas, Jérome Chave, Emmanuel N. Chidumayo, Deborah A. Clark, Flavia Regina Capellotto Costa, Camille Couralet, Paulo Henrique da Silva Mauricio, Helmut Dalitz, Vinicius Resende de Castro, Jaçanan Eloisa de Freitas Milani, Edilson Consuelo de Oliveira, Luciano de Souza Arruda, Jean-Louis Devineau, David M. Drew, Oliver Dünisch, Giselda Durigan, Elisha Elifuraha, Marcio Fedele, Ligia Ferreira Fedele, Afonso Figueiredo Filho, César Augusto Guimarães Finger, Augusto César Franco, João Lima Freitas Júnior, Franklin Galvão, Aster Gebrekirstos, Robert Gliniars, Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro Graça, Anthony D. Griffiths, James Grogan, Kaiyu Guan, Jürgen Homeier, Maria Raquel Kanieski, Lip Khoon Kho, Jennifer Koenig, Sintia Valerio Kohler, Julia Krepkowski, José Pires Lemos-Filho, Diana Lieberman, Milton Eugene Lieberman, Claudio Sergio Lisi, Tomaz Longhi Santos, José Luis López Ayala, Eduardo Eijji Maeda, Yadvinder Malhi, Vivian R. B. Maria, Marcia C. M. Marques, Renato Marques, Hector Maza Chamba, Lawrence Mbwambo, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço, Hooz Angela Mendivelso, Brett P. Murphy, Joseph J. O'Brien, Steven F. Oberbauer, Naoki Okada, Raphaël Pélissier, Lynda D. Prior, Fidel Alejandro Roig, Michael Ross, Davi Rodrigo Rossatto, Vivien Rossi, Lucy Rowland, Ervan Rutishauser, Hellen Santana, Mark Schulze, Diogo Selhorst, Williamar Rodrigues Silva, Marcos Silveira, Susanne Spannl, Michael D. Swaine, José Julio Toledo, Marcos Miranda Toledo, Marisol Toledo, Takeshi Toma, Mario Tomazello Filho, Juan Ignacio Valdez Hernández, Jan Verbesselt, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Grégoire Vincent, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Franziska Volland, Martin Worbes, Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
Biogeosciences, 13, 2537–2562, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2537-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2537-2016, 2016
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Leaf habit and nutrient availability drive leaf nutrient resorption globally
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Biomass Yield Potential, Feedstock Quality, and Nutrient Removal of Perennial Buffer Strips under Continuous Zero Fertilizer Application
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
The biogeographic pattern of microbial communities inhabiting terrestrial mud volcanoes across the Eurasian continent
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect in its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and Do Kyoung Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass, as potential income for farmers. In this study, the forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 MteqCO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of the country's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Cited articles
Aragão, L. E. O. C., Malhi, Y., Metcalfe, D. B., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Jiménez, E., Navarrete, D., Almeida, S., Costa, A. C. L., Salinas, N., Phillips, O. L., Anderson, L. O., Alvarez, E., Baker, T. R., Goncalvez, P. H., Huamán-Ovalle, J., Mamani-Solórzano, M., Meir, P., Monteagudo, A., Patiño, S., Peñuela, M. C., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Rozas-Dávila, A., Rudas, A., Silva Jr., J. A., and Vásquez, R.: Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils, Biogeosciences, 6, 2759–2778, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2759-2009, 2009.
Arbuckle, J. S.: IBM SPSS Amos 24 User's Guide, IBM, Chicago, USA, 2016.
Aiba, S., Takyu, M., and Kitayama, K.: Dynamics, productivity and species
richness of tropical rainforests along elevational and edaphic gradients on
Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, Ecol. Res., 20, 279–286, 2005.
Ashton, P. S.: Floristic zonation of tree communities on wet tropical
mountains revisited, Perspect. Plant Ecol., 6, 87–104,
https://doi.org/10.1078/1433-8319-00044, 2003.
Banin, L., Lewis, S. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Baker, T. R., Quesada, C. A.,
Chao, K. J., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Nilus, R., Salim, K. A., Keeling, H. C.,
Tan, S., Davies, S. J., Mendoza, A. M., Vásquez, R., Lloyd, J., Neill,
D. A., Pitman, N., and Phillips, O. L.: Tropical forest wood production: a
cross-continental comparison, J. Ecol., 104, 1025–1037,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12263, 2014.
Bendix, J., Rollenbeck, R., Fabian, P., Emck, P., Richter, M., and Beck, E.:
Climate variability, in: Gradients in a tropical mountain ecosystem of
Ecuador, edited by: Beck, E., Kottke, I., Bendix, J., Makeschin, F., and
Mosandl, R., Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany, 281–290, 2008.
Benner, J., Vitousek, P. M., and Ostertag, R.: Nutrient cycling and nutrient
limitation in tropical montane cloud forests, in: Tropical montane cloud
forests: science for conservation and management, edited by: Bruijnzeel, L.
A., Scatena, F. N., and Hamilton, L., Cambidge University Press, Cambidge, UK, 90–100,
2010.
Bruijnzeel, L. A. and Veneklaas, E. J.: Climatic conditions and tropical
montane forest productivity: the fog has not lifted yet, Ecology, 79, 3–9,
1998.
Bruijnzeel, L. A., Scatena, F. N., and Hamilton, L. S.: Tropical
montane cloud forests: science for conservation and management, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2010.
Chave, J., Andalo, C., Brown, S., Cairns, M. A., Chambers, J. Q., Eamus, D.,
Fölster, H., Fromard, F., Higuchi, N., Kira, T., Lescure, J. P., Nelson,
B. W., Ogawa, H., Puig, H., Riéra, B., and Yamakura, T.: Tree allometry
and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests,
Oecologia, 145, 87–99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x, 2005.
Chave, J., Coomes, D., Jansen, S., Lewis, S. L., Swenson, N. G., and Zanne,
A. E.: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum, Ecol. Lett., 12,
351–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01285.x, 2009.
Chen, Y., Wright, S. J., Muller-Landau, H. C., Hubbell, S. P., Wang, Y., and
Yu, S.: Positive effects of neighborhood complementarity on tree growth in a
Neotropical forest, Ecology, 97, 776–785,
https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0625.1, 2016.
Chisholm, R. A., Muller-Landau, H. C., Abdul Rahman, K., Bebber, D. P., Bin,
Y., Bohlman, S. A., Bourg, N. A., Brinks, J., Bunyavejchewin, S., Butt, N.,
Cao, H., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chang, L.-W., Chiang, J.-M., Chuyong,
G., Condit, R., Dattaraja, H. S., Davies, S., Duque, A., Fletcher, C.,
Gunatilleke, N., Gunatilleke, S., Hao, Z., Harrison, R. D., Howe, R., Hsieh,
C.-F., Hubbell, S. P., Itoh, A., Kenfack, D., Kiratiprayoon, S., Larson,
A. J., Lian, J., Lin, D., Liu, H., Lutz, J. A., Ma, K., Malhi, Y., McMahon,
S., McShea, W., Meegaskumbura, M., Mohd. Razman, S., Morecroft, M. D., Nytch,
C. J., Oliveira, A., Parker, G. G., Pulla, S., Punchi-Manage, R.,
Romero-Saltos, H., Sang, W., Schurman, J., Su, S.-H., Sukumar, R., Sun,
I.-F., Suresh, H. S., Tan, S., Thomas, D., Thomas, S., Thompson, J.,
Valencia, R., Wolf, A., Yap, S., Ye, W., Yuan, Z., and Zimmerman, J. K.:
Scale-dependent relationships between tree species richness and ecosystem
function in forests, J. Ecol., 101, 1214–1224,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12132, 2013.
Cleveland, C. C., Townsend, A. R., Taylor, P., Alvarez-Clare, S.,
Bustamante, M. M., Chuyong, G., Dobrowski, S. Z., Grierson, P., Harms, K.
E., Houlton, B. Z., Marklein, A., Parton, W., Porder, S., Reed, S. C.,
Sierra, C. A., Silver, W. L., Tanner, E. V. J., and Wieder, W. R.:
Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in
tropical rain forest: a pan-tropical analysis, Ecol. Lett., 14, 939–947,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x, 2011.
Dalling, J. W., Heineman, K., Lopez, O. R., Wright, S. J., and Turner, B.
L.: Nutrient availability in tropical rain forests: the paradigm of
phosphorus limitation, in: Tropical Tree Physiology, edited by: Goldstein, G.
and Santiago, L. S., Springer, Cham, UK, 261–273, 2016a.
Dalling, J. W., Heineman, K., González, G., and Ostertag, R.:
Geographic, environmental and biotic sources of variation in the nutrient
relations of tropical montane forests, J. Trop. Ecol., 32, 368–383,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467415000619, 2016b.
Doughty, C. E., Goldsmith, G. R., Raab, N., Girardin, C. A. J.,
Farfan-Amezquita, F., Huaraca-Huasco, W., Silva-Espejo, J. E.,
Araujo-Murakami, A., da Costa, A. C. L., Rocha, W., Galbraith, D., Meir, P.,
Metcalfe, D. B., and Malhi, Y.: What controls variation in carbon use
efficiency among Amazonian tropical forests?, Biotropica, 50, 16–25,
https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12504, 2018.
Fahey, T. J., Sherman, R. E., and Tanner, E.: Tropical montane cloud forest:
environmental drivers of vegetation structure and ecosystem function, J. Trop.
Ecol., 32 355–367, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467415000176, 2015.
Fei, S., Jo, I., Guo, Q., Wardle, D. A., Fang, J., Chen, A., Oswalt, C. M.,
and Brockerhoff, E. G.: Impacts of climate on the biodiversity-productivity
relationship in natural forests, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07880-w, 2018.
Finegan, B., Peña-Claros, M., de Oliveira, A., Ascarrunz, N.,
Bret-Harte, M. S., Carreño-Rocabado, G., Casanoves, F., Díaz, S.,
Eguiguren Velepucha, P., Fernandez, F., Licona, J. C., Lorenzo, L., Salgado
Negret, B., Vaz, M., and Poorter, L.: Does functional trait diversity predict
above-ground biomass and productivity of tropical forests? Testing three
alternative hypotheses, J. Ecol., 103, 191–201,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12346, 2015.
Fisher, J. B., Malhi, Y., Torres, I. C., Metcalfe, D. B., van de Weg, M. J.,
Meir, P., Silva-Espejo, J. E., and Huaraca Huasco, W.: Nutrient limitation
in rainforests and cloud forests along a 3000-m elevation gradient in the
Peruvian Andes, Oecologia, 172, 889–902,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6, 2013.
Fortunel, C., Lasky, J. R., Uriarte, M., Valencia, R., Wright, S. J., Garwood,
N. C., and Kraft, N. J. B.: Topography and neighborhood crowding can interact to
shape species growth and distribution in a diverse Amazonian forest,
Ecology, 99, 2272–2283, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2441, 2018.
Fyllas, N. M., Bentley, L. P., Shenkin, A., Asner, G. P., Atkin, O. K.,
Díaz, S., Enquist, B. J., Farfan-Rios, W., Gloor, E., Guerrieri, R.,
Huasco, W. H., Ishida, Y., Martin, R. E., Meir, P., Phillips, O., Salinas, N.,
Silman, M., Weerasinghe, L. K., Zaragoza-Castells, J., and Malhi, Y.: Solar
radiation and functional traits explain the decline of forest primary
productivity along a tropical elevation gradient, Ecol. Lett., 20, 730–740,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12771, 2017.
Girardin, C. A. J., Malhi, Y., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Mamani, M., Huaraca
Huasco, W., Durand, L., Feeley, K. J., Rapp, J., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silman,
M., Salinas, N., and Whittaker, R. J.: Net primary productivity allocation
and cycling of carbonalong a tropical forest elevational transect in the
Peruvian An-des, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 3176–3192,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02235.x, 2010.
Girardin, C. A. J., Malhi, Y., Feeley, K. J., Rapp, J. M., Silman, M. R., Meir,
P., Huaraca Huarasco, W., Salinas, N., Mamani, M., Silva-Espejo, J. E.,
Garcia Cabrera, K., Farfan Rios, W., Metcalfe, D. B., Doughty, C. E., and
Aragão, L.: Seasonality of above-ground net primary productivity along
an Andean altitudinal transect in Peru, J. Trop. Ecol., 30, 503–519,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467414000443, 2014.
Gotelli, N. J. and Colwell, R. K.: Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and
pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness, Ecol.
Lett., 4, 379–391, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x, 2001.
Graefe, S., Hertel, D., and Leuschner, C.: Estimating Fine Root Turnover in
Tropical Forests along an Elevational Transect using Minirhizotrons,
Biotropica, 40, 536–542, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00419.x,
2008.
Hoeber, S., Leuschner, C., Köhler, L., Arias-Aguilar, D., and Schuldt, B.:
The importance of hydraulic conductivity and wood density to growth
performance in eight tree species from a tropical semi-dry climate, Forest
Ecol. Manag., 300, 126–136,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.039, 2014.
Hofhansl, F., Schnecker, J., Singer, G., and Wanek, W.: New insights into
mechanisms driving carbon allocation in tropical forests, New Phytol., 205,
137–146, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13007, 2015.
Homeier, J., Breckle, S.-W., Günter, S., Rollenbeck, R. T., and Leuschner,
C.: Tree Diversity, Forest Structure and Productivity along Altitudinal and
Topographical Gradients in a Species-Rich Ecuadorian Montane Rain Forest,
Biotropica, 42, 140–148, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00547.x,
2010.
Homeier, J., Hertel, D., Camenzind, T., Cumbicus, N., Maraun, M., Martinson,
G. O., Poma, L. N., Rillig, M. C., Sandmann, D., Scheu, S., Veldkamp, E.,
Wilcke, W., Wullaert, H., and Leuschner, C.: Tropical Andean forests are
highly susceptible to nutrient inputs – Rapid effects of experimental N and
P addition to an Ecuadorian montane forest, PLOS ONE, 7, e47128,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047128, 2012.
Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Castro-Izaguirre, N., Baruffol, M., Brezzi, M., Lang, A., Li, Y., Härdtle, W., von Oheimb, G., Yang, X., Liu, X., Pei, K., Both, S., Yang, B., Eichenberg, D., Assmann, T., Bauhus, J., Behrens, T., Buscot, F., Chen, X.-Y., Chesters, D., Ding, B.-Y., Durka, W., Erfmeier, A., Fang, J., Fischer, M., Guo, L.-D., Guo, D., Gutknecht, J. L. M., He, J.-S., He, C.-L., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Hu, R.-Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Liang, Y., Li, S., Michalski, S., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Schuldt, A., Shi, X., Tan, M.-Z., Tang, Z., Trogisch, S., Wang, Z., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, T., Xiang, W., Yu, M., Yu, X.-D., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, N., Zhou, H.-Z., Zhu, C.-D., Zhu, L., Bruelheide, H., Ma, K., Niklaus, P. A., and Schmid, B.: Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale
subtropical forest experiment, Science, 362, 80–83,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6405, 2018.
Jozsa, L. A. and Brix, H.: The effects of fertilization and thinning on
wood quality of a 24-year-old Douglas-fir stand, Can. J. Forest
Res., 19, 1137–1145, https://doi.org/10.1139/x89-172, 1989.
Jucker, T., Bongalov, B., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Nilus, R., Dalponte, M., Lewis,
S. L., Phillips, O. L., Qie, L., and Coomes, D. A.: Topography shapes the
structure, composition and function of tropical forest landscapes, Ecol.
Lett., 21, 989–1000, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12964, 2018.
Keeling, H. C. and Phillips, O. L.: The global relationship between forest
productivity and biomass, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 16, 618–631,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00314.x, 2007.
Kessler, M., Salazar, L., Homeier, J., and Kluge, J.: Species
richness – productivity relationships of tropical terrestrial ferns at
regional and local scales, J. Ecol., 102, 1623–1633,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12299, 2014.
Kitayama, K. and Aiba, S.-I.: Ecosystem structure and productivity of
tropical rain forests along altitudinal gradients with contrasting soil
phosphorus pools on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, J. Ecol., 90, 37–51,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00634.x, 2002.
Kotowska, M., Link, R., Röll, A., Hertel, D., Hölscher, D., Waite,
P.-A., Moser, G., Tjoa, A., Leuschner, C., and Schuldt, B.: Effects of wood
hydraulic properties on water use and productivity of tropical rainforest
trees, Front. For. Glob. Change, 3, 598759,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.598759, 2021.
Lambers, H. and Oliveira, R. S.: Plant Physiological Ecology, 3rd edition,
Springer Nature, Cham, UK, 2019.
Leuschner, C., Zach, A., Moser, G., Homeier, J., Graefe, S., Hertel, D.,
Wittich, B., Soethe, N., Iost, S., Röderstein, M., Horna, V., and Wolf,
K.: The carbon balance of tropical mountain forests along an altitudinal
transect, in: Ecosystem services, biodiversity and environmental change in a
tropical mountain ecosystem of South Ecuador, edited by: Bendix, J., Beck,
E., Bräuning, A., Makeschin, F., Mosandl, R., Scheu, S., and Wilcke, W.,
Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany, 117–139,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38137-9_10, 2013.
Liang, J., Crowther, T. W., Picard, N., Wiser, S., Zhou, M., Alberti, G.,
Schulze, E.-D., Mcguire, A. D., Bozzato, F., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A.,
Hérault, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Barrett, C. B., Glick, H. B.,
Hengeveld, G. M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Pfautsch, S., Viana, H., Vibrans, A. C.,
Ammer, C., Schall, P., Verbyla, D., Tchebakova, N., Fischer, M., Watson, J.
V., Chen, H. Y. H., Lei, X., Schelhaas, M.-J., Lu, H., Gianelle, D.,
Parfenova, E. I., Salas, C., Lee, E., Lee, B., Kim, H. S., Bruelheide, H.,
Coomes, D. A., Piotto, D., Sunderland, T., Schmid, B., Gourlet-Fleury, S.,
Sonké, B., Tavani, R., Zhu, J., Brandl, S., Baraloto, C., Frizzera, L.,
Ba, R., Oleksyn, J., Peri, P. L., Gonmadje, C., Marthy, W., Brien, T. O.,
Martin, E. H., Marshall, A. R., Rovero, F., Bitariho, R., Niklaus, P. A.,
Alvarez-Loayza, P., Chamuya, N., Valencia, R., Mortier, F., Wortel, V.,
Engone-Obiang, N. L., Ferreira, L. V., Odeke, D. E., Vasquez, R. M., Lewis,
S. L., and Reich, P. B.: Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship
predominant in global forests, Science, 354, aaf8957,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8957, 2016.
Lohbeck, M., Poorter, L., Martínez-Ramos, M., and Bongers, F.: Biomass
is the main driver of changes in ecosystem process rates during tropical
forest succession, Ecology, 96, 1242–1252,
https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0472.1, 2015.
Luyssaert, S., Inglima, I., Jung, M., Richardson, A. D., Reichstein, M.,
Papale, D., Piao, S. L., Schulze, E.-D., Wingate, L., Matteuci, G., Aragao,
L., Aubinet, M., Beer, C., Bernhofer, C., Black, K. G., Bonal, D., Bonnefond,
J.-M., Chambers, J., Ciais, P., Cook, B., Davis, K. J., Dolman, A. J.,
Gielen, B., Goulden, M., Grace, J., Granier, A., Grelle, A., Griffis, T.,
Grünwald, T., Guidolotti, G., Hanson, P. J., Harding, R., Hollinger,
D. Y., Hutyra, L. R., Kolari, P., Kruijt, B., Kuzsch, W., Lagergren, F.,
Laurila, T., Law, B. E., Le Maire, G., Lindroth, A., Loustau, D., Malhi, Y.,
Mateus, J., Migliavacca, M., Misson, L., Montagnani, L., Moncrieff, J.,
Moors, E., Munger, J. W., Nikinmaa, E., Ollinger, S. V., Pita, G., Rebmann,
C., Roupsard, O., Saigusa, N., Sanz, M. J., Seufert, G., Sierra, C., Smith,
M.-L., Tang, J., Valentini, R., Vesala, T., and Janssens, I. A.: CO2
balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global
database, Glob. Change Biol, 13, 2509–2537,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x, 2007.
Malhi, Y.: The productivity, metabolism and carbon cycle of tropical forest
vegetation, J. Ecol., 100, 65–75,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01916.x, 2012.
Malhi, Y., Baker, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Almeida, S., Alvarez, E., Arroyo,
L., Chave, J., Czimczik, C. I., Fiore, A. D., Higuchi, N., Killeen, T. J.,
Laurance, S. G., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L., Montoya, L. M. M., Monteagudo,
A., Neill, D. A., Vargas, P. N., Patiño, S., Pitman, N. C., Quesada, C. A.,
Salomão, R., Silva, J. N. M., Lezama, A. T., Martínez, R. V., Terborgh,
J., Vinceti, B., and Lloyd, J.: The above-ground coarse wood productivity of
104 Neotropical forest plots, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 563–591,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00778.x, 2004.
Malhi, Y., Girardin, C. A. J., Goldsmith, G. R., Doughty, C. E., Salinas, N.,
Metcalfe, D. B., Huaraca Huasco, W., Silva-Espejo, J. E., del
Aguilla-Pasquell, J., Farfán Amézquita, F., Aragão, L. E. O. C.,
Guerrieri, R., Ishida, F. Y., Bahar, N. H. A., Farfan-Rios, W., Phillips, O. L.,
Meir, P., and Silman, M.: The variation of productivity and its allocation
along a tropical elevation gradient: a whole carbon budget perspective, New
Phytol., 214, 1019–1032, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14189, 2017.
McIntire, E. J. B. and Fajardo, A.: Facilitation as a ubiquitous driver of
biodiversity, New Phytol., 201, 403–416, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12478,
2014.
Mori, A. S., Lertzman, K. P., and Gustafsson, L.: Biodiversity and ecosystem
services in forest ecosystems: a research agenda for applied forest ecology,
J. Appl. Ecol., 54, 12–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12669, 2017.
Moser, G., Röderstein, M., Soethe, N., Hertel, D., and Leuschner, C.:
Altitudinal changes in stand structure and biomass allocation of tropical
mountain forests in relation to microclimate and soil chemistry, in:
Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, edited by: Beck, E.,
Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., Springer, Berlin and
Heidelberg, Germany, 229–242,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73526-7_22, 2008.
Moser, G., Leuschner, C., Hertel, D., Graefe, S., Soethe, N., and Iost, S.:
Elevation effects on the carbon budget of tropical mountain forests (S
Ecuador): the role of the belowground compartment, Glob. Change Biol., 17,
2211–2226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02367.x, 2011.
Muller-Landau, H. C.: Interspecific and inter-site variation in wood specific
gravity of tropical trees, Biotropica, 36, 20–32,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00292.x, 2004.
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Phillips, O. L., and Jackson, R. B.: The structure,
distribution, and biomass of the world's forests, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S., 44,
593–622, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135914, 2013.
Paoli, G. D. and Curran, L. M.: Soil nutrients limit fine litter production
and tree growth in mature lowland forest of southwestern Borneo, Ecosystems,
10, 503–518, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9042-y, 2007.
Paquette, A. and Messier, C.: The effect of biodiversity on tree
productivity: from temperate to boreal forests, Global Ecol.
Biogeogr., 20, 170–180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00592.x,
2011.
Pastor, J., Aber, J. D., McClaugherty, C. A., and Melillo, J. M.: Aboveground
Production and N and P Cycling Along a Nitrogen Mineralization Gradient on
Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin, Ecology, 65, 256–268,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1939478, 1984.
Pierick, K., Leuschner, C., and Homeier, J.: Topography as a factor driving
small-scale variation in tree fine root traits and root functional diversity
in a species-rich tropical montane forest, New Phytol.,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17136, 2021.
Poorter, L., Wright, S. J., Paz, H., Ackerly, D. D., Condit, R.,
Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Harms, K. E., Licona, J. C., Martínez-Ramos,
M., Mazer, S. J., Muller-Landau, H. C., Peña-Claros, M., Webb, C. O., and
Wright, I. J.: Are functional traits good predictors of demographic rates?
Evidence from five neotropical forests, Ecology, 89, 1908–1920,
https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0207.1, 2008.
Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Schwarz, M., Czimczik, C. I., Baker, T. R., Patiño, S., Fyllas, N. M., Hodnett, M. G., Herrera, R., Almeida, S., Alvarez Dávila, E., Arneth, A., Arroyo, L., Chao, K. J., Dezzeo, N., Erwin, T., di Fiore, A., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Jimenez, E. M., Killeen, T., Lezama, A. T., Lloyd, G., López-González, G., Luizão, F. J., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Núñez Vargas, P., Paiva, R., Peacock, J., Peñuela, M. C., Peña Cruz, A., Pitman, N., Priante Filho, N., Prieto, A., Ramírez, H., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Santos, A. J. B., Schmerler, J., Silva, N., Silveira, M., Vásquez, R., Vieira, I., Terborgh, J., and Lloyd, J.: Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by both soils and climate, Biogeosciences, 9, 2203–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012, 2012.
Rahbek, C., Borregaard, M. K., Colwell, R. K., Dalsgaard, B., Holt, B. G.,
Morueta-Holme, N., Nogues-Bravo, D., Whittaker, R. J., and Fjeldså, J.:
Humboldt's enigma: What causes global patterns of mountain biodiversity?,
Science, 365, 1108–1113, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0149,
2019.
Reich, P. B.: Key canopy traits drive forest productivity, Proc. R. Soc. Ser.
B, 279, 2128–2134,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2270, 2012.
Reich, P. B. and Bolstad, P.: Productivity of evergreen and deciduous
temperate forests, in: Terrestrial global productivity, edited by: Roy, J.,
Saugier, B., and Mooney, H. A., Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 245–283, 2001.
Salazar, L., Homeier, J., Kessler, M., Abrahamczyk, S., Lehnert, M.,
Krömer, T., and Kluge, J.: Diversity patterns of ferns along elevational
gradients in Andean tropical forests, Plant Ecol. Divers., 8, 13–24,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2013.843036, 2015.
Sapijanskas, J., Paquette, A., Potvin, C., Kunert, N., and Loreau,
M.: Tropical tree diversity enhances light capture through crown plasticity
and spatial and temporal niche differences, Ecology, 95, 2479–2492,
https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1366.1, 2014.
Schnabel, F., Schwarz, J. A., Dănescu, A., Fichtner, A., Nock, C. A.,
Bauhus, J., and Potvin, C.: Drivers of productivity and its temporal
stability in a tropical tree diversity experiment, Glob. Change Biol.,
25, 4257–4272, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14792, 2019.
Schuur, E. A.: Productivity and global climate revisited: the sensitivity of
tropical forest growth to precipitation, Ecology, 84, 1165–1170,
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1165:PAGCRT]2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Soethe, N., Lehmann, J., and Engels, C.: The vertical pattern of rooting and
nutrient uptake at different altitudes of a south Ecuadorian montane forest,
Plant Soil, 286, 287–299,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9044-0, 2006.
Spracklen, D. V. and Righelato, R.: Tropical montane forests are a larger than expected global carbon store, Biogeosciences, 11, 2741–2754, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2741-2014, 2014.
Tanner, E. V. J., Vitousek, P. M., and Cuevas, E.: Experimental
investigation of nutrient limitation of forest growth on wet tropical
mountains, Ecology, 79, 10–23
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0010:EIONLO]2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Tilman, D., Lehman, C. L., and Thomson, K. T.: Plant diversity and ecosystem
productivity: theoretical considerations, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94,
1857–1861, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.5.1857, 1997.
Trabucco, A. and Zomer, R. J.: Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and
Global Potential Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Database,
CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information, CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal, available at:
http://www.csi.cgiar.org (last access: 31 August 2018), 2009.
Tuck, S. L., O'Brien, M. J. O., Philipson, C. D., Saner, P., Tanadini, M.,
Dzulkifli, D., Godfray, H. C. J., Godoong, E., Nilus, R., Ong, R. C.,
Schmid, B., Sinun, W., Snaddon, J. L., Snoep, M., Tangki, H., Tay, J., Ulok,
P., Wai, Y. S., Weilenmann, M., Reynolds, G., and Hector, A.: The value of
biodiversity for the functioning of tropical forests: insurance effects
during the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment, Proc. R. Soc. B,
283, 20161451, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1451, 2016.
Unger, M., Leuschner, C., and Homeier, J.: Variability of indices of
macronutrient availability in soils at different spatial scales along an
elevation transect in tropical moist forests (NE Ecuador), Plant Soil,
336, 443–458, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0494-z, 2010.
Unger, M., Homeier, J., and Leuschner, C.: Effects of soil chemistry on
tropical forest biomass and productivity at different elevations in the
equatorial Andes, Oecologia, 170, 263–274,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2295-y, 2012.
Unger, M., Homeier, J., and Leuschner, C.: Relationships among leaf area
index, below-canopy light availability and tree diversity along a transect
from tropical lowland to montane forests in NE Ecuador, Trop. Ecol.,
54, 33–45, 2013.
van der Sande, M. T., Arets, E. J., Peña-Claros, M., Hoosbeek, M. R.,
Cáceres-Siani, Y., van der Hout, P., and Poorter, L.: Soil fertility and
species traits, but not diversity, drive productivity and biomass stocks in
a Guyanese tropical rainforest, Funct. Ecol., 32, 461–474,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12968, 2018.
van de Weg, M. J., Meier, P., Williams, M., Girardin, C., Malhi, Y.,
Silva-Espejo, J., and Grace, J.: Gross primary productivity of a high
elevation tropical montane cloud forest, Ecosystems, 17, 751–764,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9758-4, 2014.
Vicca, S., Luyssaert, S., Peñuelas, J., Campioli, M., Chapin III, F. S.,
Ciais, P., Heinemeyer, A., Högberg, P., Kutsch, W. L., Law, B. E., Malhi,
Y., Papale, D., Piao, S. L., Reichstein, M., Schulze, E. D., and Janssens,
I. A.: Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently, Ecol. Lett., 15,
520–526, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01775.x, 2012.
Vitousek, P. M. and Sanford, R. L.: Nutrient cycling in moist tropi-cal
forest, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 17, 137–167, 1986.
Wallis, C. I., Homeier, J., Peña, J., Brandl, R., Farwig, N., and
Bendix, J.: Modeling tropical montane forest biomass, productivity and
canopy traits with multispectral remote sensing data, Remote Sens. Environ., 225, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.021, 2019.
Werner, F. A. and Homeier, J.: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity
promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient
relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical
gradient, Funct. Ecol., 29, 430–440, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12351,
2015.
Wittich, B., Horna, V., Homeier, J., and Leuschner, C.: Altitudinal change
in the photosynthetic capacity of tropical trees: a case study from Ecuador
and a pantropical literature analysis, Ecosystems, 15, 958–973,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9556-9, 2012.
Wolf, K., Veldkamp, E., Homeier, J., and Martinson, G. O.: Nitrogen
availability links forest productivity, soil nitrous oxide and nitric oxide
fluxes of a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 25, GB4009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003876, 2011.
Wright, S. J., Yavitt, J. B., Wurzburger, N., Turner, B. L., Tanner, E. V. J.,
Sayer, E. J., Santiago, L. S., Kaspari, M., Hedin, L. O., Harms, K. E., Garcia,
M. N., and Corre, M. D.:Potassium, phosphorus, or nitrogen limit root
allocation, tree growth, or litter production in a lowland tropical forest,
Ecology, 92, 1616–1625, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1558.1, 2011.
Zimmermann, M., Meir, P., Bird, M. I., Malhi, Y., and Ccahuana, A. J. Q.:
Temporal variation and climate dependence of soil respiration and its
components along a 3000 m altitudinal tropical forest gradient, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB4012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003787, 2010.
Short summary
We studied aboveground productivity in humid tropical montane old-growth forests in two highly diverse Andean regions with large geological and topographic heterogeneity and related productivity to tree diversity and climatic, edaphic and stand structural factors. From our results we conclude that the productivity of highly diverse Neotropical montane forests is primarily controlled by thermal and edaphic factors and stand structural properties, while tree diversity is of minor importance.
We studied aboveground productivity in humid tropical montane old-growth forests in two highly...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint