Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1527-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1527-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 17 Mar 2022
| 17 Mar 2022
Leaching of inorganic and organic phosphorus and nitrogen in contrasting beech forest soils – seasonal patterns and effects of fertilization
Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
Emmanuel Frossard
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
Klaus Kaiser
Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
Frank Hagedorn
Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Related authors
Frank Hagedorn, Joesphine Imboden, Pavel Moiseev, Decai Gao, Emmanuel Frossard, Daniel Christen, Konstantin Gavazov, and Jasmin Fetzer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2622, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At treeline, plant species change abruptly from low stature plants in tundra to trees in forests. Our study documents that from tundra towards forest, the litter layer gets strongly enriched in nutrients. We show that these litter quality changes alter nutrient processing by soil microbes and increase the nutrient release during decomposition in forest than in tundra. The associated improvement of nutrient availability in the forest potentially stimulates tree growth and treeline shifts.
Chun Chung Yeung, Harald Bugmann, Frank Hagedorn, Margaux Moreno Duborgel, and Olalla Díaz-Yáñez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1022, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
To address the uncertain interactions between soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), we set up a model “experiment” in silico to test several hypothesized responses of decomposers to N. We found that decomposers were stimulated by N when decomposing high C:N detritus, but inhibited when decomposing low C:N, processed organic C. The consequence is that under exogenous N addition (e.g., contemporary N deposition), forests may accumulate light fraction C predominantly, at the expense of coarse detritus.
Claudia Guidi, Sia Gosheva-Oney, Markus Didion, Roman Flury, Lorenz Walthert, Stephan Zimmermann, Brian J. Oney, Pascal A. Niklaus, Esther Thürig, Toni Viskari, Jari Liski, and Frank Hagedorn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3788, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in forests is crucial for assessing C balance, yet drivers of SOC stocks remain uncertain at large scales. Across a broad environmental gradient in Switzerland, we compared measured SOC stocks with those modelled by Yasso20, commonly used for GHG budgets. Our results show that soil mineral properties and climate are main controls of SOC stocks, indicating that better accounting of these processes will advance accuracy of SOC stock predictions.
Marco M. Lehmann, Josie Geris, Ilja van Meerveld, Daniele Penna, Youri Rothfuss, Matteo Verdone, Pertti Ala-Aho, Matyas Arvai, Alise Babre, Philippe Balandier, Fabian Bernhard, Lukrecija Butorac, Simon Damien Carrière, Natalie C. Ceperley, Zuosinan Chen, Alicia Correa, Haoyu Diao, David Dubbert, Maren Dubbert, Fabio Ercoli, Marius G. Floriancic, Teresa E. Gimeno, Damien Gounelle, Frank Hagedorn, Christophe Hissler, Frédéric Huneau, Alberto Iraheta, Tamara Jakovljević, Nerantzis Kazakis, Zoltan Kern, Karl Knaebel, Johannes Kobler, Jiří Kocum, Charlotte Koeber, Gerbrand Koren, Angelika Kübert, Dawid Kupka, Samuel Le Gall, Aleksi Lehtonen, Thomas Leydier, Philippe Malagoli, Francesca Sofia Manca di Villahermosa, Chiara Marchina, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Hannu Marttila, Aline Meyer Oliveira, Gaël Monvoisin, Natalie Orlowski, Kadi Palmik-Das, Aurel Persoiu, Andrei Popa, Egor Prikaziuk, Cécile Quantin, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Clara Rohde, Martin Sanda, Matthias Saurer, Daniel Schulz, Michael Paul Stockinger, Christine Stumpp, Jean-Stéphane Venisse, Lukas Vlcek, Stylianos Voudouris, Björn Weeser, Mark E. Wilkinson, Giulia Zuecco, and Katrin Meusburger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes a unique large-scale isotope dataset to study water dynamics in European forests. Researchers collected data from 40 beech and spruce forest sites in spring and summer 2023, using a standardized method to ensure consistency. The results show that water sources for trees change between seasons and vary by tree species. This large dataset offers valuable information for understanding plant water use, improving ecohydrological models, and mapping water cycles across Europe.
Frank Hagedorn, Joesphine Imboden, Pavel Moiseev, Decai Gao, Emmanuel Frossard, Daniel Christen, Konstantin Gavazov, and Jasmin Fetzer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2622, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At treeline, plant species change abruptly from low stature plants in tundra to trees in forests. Our study documents that from tundra towards forest, the litter layer gets strongly enriched in nutrients. We show that these litter quality changes alter nutrient processing by soil microbes and increase the nutrient release during decomposition in forest than in tundra. The associated improvement of nutrient availability in the forest potentially stimulates tree growth and treeline shifts.
Alexander S. Brunmayr, Frank Hagedorn, Margaux Moreno Duborgel, Luisa I. Minich, and Heather D. Graven
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5961–5985, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new generation of soil models promises to more accurately predict the carbon cycle in soils under climate change. However, measurements of 14C (the radioactive carbon isotope) in soils reveal that the new soil models face similar problems to the traditional models: they underestimate the residence time of carbon in soils and may therefore overestimate the net uptake of CO2 by the land ecosystem. Proposed solutions include restructuring the models and calibrating model parameters with 14C data.
Tatjana C. Speckert, Jeannine Suremann, Konstantin Gavazov, Maria J. Santos, Frank Hagedorn, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
SOIL, 9, 609–621, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is key player in the global carbon cycle. Afforestation on pastures potentially alters organic matter input and SOC sequestration. We investigated the effects of a Picea abies L. afforestation sequence (0 to 130 years) on a former subalpine pasture on SOC stocks and dynamics. We found no difference in the SOC stock after 130 years of afforestation and thus no additional SOC sequestration. SOC composition was altered due to a modified SOC input following afforestation.
Tegawende Léa Jeanne Ilboudo, Lucien NGuessan Diby, Delwendé Innocent Kiba, Tor Gunnar Vågen, Leigh Ann Winowiecki, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Johan Six, and Emmanuel Frossard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-209, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-209, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Our results showed that at landscape level SOC stock variability was mainly explained by clay content. We found significant linear positive relationships between VC and SOC stocks for the land uses annual croplands, perennial croplands, grasslands and bushlands without soil depth restrictions until 110 cm. We concluded that in the forest-savanna transition zone, soil properties and topography determine land use, which in turn affects the stocks of SOC and TN and to some extent the VC stocks.
Philipp Baumann, Juhwan Lee, Emmanuel Frossard, Laurie Paule Schönholzer, Lucien Diby, Valérie Kouamé Hgaza, Delwende Innocent Kiba, Andrew Sila, Keith Sheperd, and Johan Six
SOIL, 7, 717–731, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work delivers openly accessible and validated calibrations for diagnosing 26 soil properties based on mid-infrared spectroscopy. These were developed for four regions in Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire, including 80 fields of smallholder farmers. The models can help to site-specifically and cost-efficiently monitor soil quality and fertility constraints to ameliorate soils and yields of yam or other staple crops in the four regions between the humid forest and the northern Guinean savanna.
Marion Schrumpf, Klaus Kaiser, Allegra Mayer, Günter Hempel, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 18, 1241–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large amount of organic carbon (OC) in soil is protected against decay by bonding to minerals. We studied the release of mineral-bonded OC by NaF–NaOH extraction and H2O2 oxidation. Unexpectedly, extraction and oxidation removed mineral-bonded OC at roughly constant portions and of similar age distributions, irrespective of mineral composition, land use, and soil depth. The results suggest uniform modes of interactions between OC and minerals across soils in quasi-steady state with inputs.
Severin-Luca Bellè, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Frank Hagedorn, Cristina Santin, Marcus Schiedung, Ilja van Meerveld, and Samuel Abiven
Biogeosciences, 18, 1105–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Controls of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) redistribution under rainfall are largely unknown. However, PyC mobility can be substantial after initial rain in post-fire landscapes. We conducted a controlled simulation experiment on plots where PyC was applied on the soil surface. We identified redistribution of PyC by runoff and splash and vertical movement in the soil depending on soil texture and PyC characteristics (material and size). PyC also induced changes in exports of native soil organic carbon.
Hannah Gies, Frank Hagedorn, Maarten Lupker, Daniel Montluçon, Negar Haghipour, Tessa Sophia van der Voort, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 18, 189–205, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding controls on the persistence of organic matter in soils is essential to constrain its role in the carbon cycle. Emerging concepts suggest that the soil carbon pool is predominantly comprised of stabilized microbial residues. To test this hypothesis we isolated microbial membrane lipids from two Swiss soil profiles and measured their radiocarbon age. We find that the ages of these compounds are in the range of millenia and thus provide evidence for stabilized microbial mass in soils.
Jolanda E. Reusser, René Verel, Daniel Zindel, Emmanuel Frossard, and Timothy I. McLaren
Biogeosciences, 17, 5079–5095, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5079-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5079-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Inositol phosphates (IPs) are a major pool of organic P in soil. However, information on their diversity and abundance in soil is limited. We isolated IPs from soil and characterised them using solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For the first time, we provide direct spectroscopic evidence for the existence of a multitude of lower-order IPs in soil extracts previously not detected with NMR. Our findings will help provide new insight into the cycling of IPs in ecosystems.
Julian Helfenstein, Chiara Pistocchi, Astrid Oberson, Federica Tamburini, Daniel S. Goll, and Emmanuel Frossard
Biogeosciences, 17, 441–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-441-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-441-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this article we provide estimates of mean residence times of phosphorus in inorganic soil phosphorus pools. These values improve our understanding of the dynamics of phosphorus cycling and can be used to improve global land surface models.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Utsav Mannu, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 16, 3233–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon stored in soils is the largest reservoir of organic carbon on land. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions and a changing climate, it is very important to understand how stable the carbon in the soil is and why. The deeper parts of the soil have often been overlooked even though they store a lot of carbon. In this paper, we discovered that although deep soil carbon is expected to be old and stable, there can be a significant young component that cycles much faster.
Emily F. Solly, Valentino Weber, Stephan Zimmermann, Lorenz Walthert, Frank Hagedorn, and Michael W. I. Schmidt
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-33, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Soils are the largest reservoir of carbon on land. In the context of global change, it is important to assess which environmental variables are needed to describe changes in the content of soil organic carbon. We assessed how climatic, vegetation and edaphic variables explain the variance of soil organic carbon content in Swiss forests. Our results provide a first indication that considering the effective cation exchange capacity of soils in future biogeochemical simulations could be beneficial.
Jobin Joseph, Christoph Külls, Matthias Arend, Marcus Schaub, Frank Hagedorn, Arthur Gessler, and Markus Weiler
SOIL, 5, 49–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-49-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-49-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By coupling an OA-ICOS with hydrophobic but gas-permeable membranes placed at different depths in acidic and calcareous soils, we investigated the contribution of abiotic and biotic components to total soil CO2 release. In calcareous Gleysol, CO2 originating from carbonate dissolution contributed to total soil CO2 concentration at detectable degrees, probably due to CO2 evasion from groundwater. Inward diffusion of atmospheric CO2 was found to be pronounced in the topsoil layers at both sites.
Antonia Zieger, Klaus Kaiser, Pedro Ríos Guayasamín, and Martin Kaupenjohann
Biogeosciences, 15, 2743–2760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2743-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2743-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We tested a current theory, which proposes an upper limit for organic carbon (OC) stocks independent of increasing carbon input for a soil with already large OC stocks. The soil received a large additional carbon input as sawdust. In response, only the OC stock in 25–50 cm depth increased significantly. We assume, that due to saturation in 0–25 cm, added OC migrates downwards and becomes retained in 25–50 cm. This indicates the possibility to sustainably increase already large OC stocks further.
Marta Camino-Serrano, Bertrand Guenet, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Philippe Ciais, Vladislav Bastrikov, Bruno De Vos, Bert Gielen, Gerd Gleixner, Albert Jornet-Puig, Klaus Kaiser, Dolly Kothawala, Ronny Lauerwald, Josep Peñuelas, Marion Schrumpf, Sara Vicca, Nicolas Vuichard, David Walmsley, and Ivan A. Janssens
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 937–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Global models generally oversimplify the representation of soil organic carbon (SOC), and thus its response to global warming remains uncertain. We present the new soil module ORCHIDEE-SOM, within the global model ORCHIDEE, that refines the representation of SOC dynamics and includes the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) processes. The model is able to reproduce SOC stocks and DOC concentrations in four different ecosystems, opening an opportunity for improved predictions of SOC in global models.
Julian Helfenstein, Jannes Jegminat, Timothy I. McLaren, and Emmanuel Frossard
Biogeosciences, 15, 105–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-105-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-105-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Soil solution phosphorus (P) turnover is essential for describing the bioavailability of this important nutrient. Here, we provide a derivation of calculating soil solution P turnover using parameters obtained from isotope exchange kinetic experiments. We then calculated and analyzed soil solution P turnover for 217 soils and for 18 long-term P fertilizer field experiments worldwide. Our study thus provides important insights on P dynamics in soils.
Stephanie K. Jones, Carole Helfter, Margaret Anderson, Mhairi Coyle, Claire Campbell, Daniela Famulari, Chiara Di Marco, Netty van Dijk, Y. Sim Tang, Cairistiona F. E. Topp, Ralf Kiese, Reimo Kindler, Jan Siemens, Marion Schrumpf, Klaus Kaiser, Eiko Nemitz, Peter E. Levy, Robert M. Rees, Mark A. Sutton, and Ute M. Skiba
Biogeosciences, 14, 2069–2088, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2069-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2069-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed the nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and greenhouse gas (GHG) budget from an intensively managed grassland in southern Scotland using flux budget calculations as well as changes in soil N and C pools over time. Estimates from flux budget calculations indicated that N and C were sequestered, whereas soil stock measurements indicated a smaller N storage and a loss of C from the ecosystem. The GHG sink strength of the net CO2 ecosystem exchange was strongly affected by CH4 and N2O emissions.
Thimo Klotzbücher, Karsten Kalbitz, Chiara Cerli, Peter J. Hernes, and Klaus Kaiser
SOIL, 2, 325–335, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-325-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-325-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties concerning stabilization of organic compounds in soil limit our basic understanding on soil organic matter (SOM) formation and our ability to model and manage effects of global change on SOM stocks. One controversially debated aspect is the contribution of aromatic litter components, such as lignin and tannins, to stable SOM forms. Here, we summarize and discuss the inconsistencies and propose research options to clear them.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Claudia Zell, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Xiaojuan Feng, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 13, 3427–3439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores heterogeneity in 14C content of soil organic matter (SOM) at different spatial scales and across climatic and geologic gradients, which is essential for a better understanding of SOM stability. Results reveal that despite dissimilar environmental conditions, 14C contents in topsoils is relatively uniform and 14C trends with depth are similar. Plot-scale variability is significant. Statistical analysis found a significant correlation of 14C contents (0–5 cm) and temperature.
Emmanuel Frossard, Nina Buchmann, Else K. Bünemann, Delwende I. Kiba, François Lompo, Astrid Oberson, Federica Tamburini, and Ouakoltio Y. A. Traoré
SOIL, 2, 83–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-83-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-83-2016, 2016
C. von Sperber, F. Tamburini, B. Brunner, S. M. Bernasconi, and E. Frossard
Biogeosciences, 12, 4175–4184, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4175-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4175-2015, 2015
J. Schwaab, M. Bavay, E. Davin, F. Hagedorn, F. Hüsler, M. Lehning, M. Schneebeli, E. Thürig, and P. Bebi
Biogeosciences, 12, 467–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-467-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-467-2015, 2015
M. Schrumpf, K. Kaiser, G. Guggenberger, T. Persson, I. Kögel-Knabner, and E.-D. Schulze
Biogeosciences, 10, 1675–1691, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1675-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1675-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Soils
Dissolved organic matter fosters core mercury-methylating microbiomes for methylmercury production in paddy soils
A microbially driven and depth-explicit soil organic carbon model constrained by carbon isotopes to reduce parameter equifinality
Earth observation reveals reduced winter wheat growth and the importance of plant available water during drought
Plutonium concentrations link soil organic matter decline to wind erosion in ploughed soils of South Africa
A synthesis of Sphagnum litterbag experiments: initial leaching losses bias decomposition rate estimates
Effect of straw retention and mineral fertilization on P speciation and P-transformation microorganisms in water- extractable colloids of a Vertisol
A new approach to continuous monitoring of carbon use efficiency and biosynthesis in soil microbes from measurement of CO2 and O2
Validating laboratory insights into the drivers of soil rewetting respiration pulses with field measurements
Diverse organic carbon dynamics captured by radiocarbon analysis of distinct compound classes in a grassland soil
Effects of basalt, concrete fines, and steel slag on maize growth and heavy metal accumulation in an enhanced weathering experiment
The effects of land use on soil carbon stocks in the UK
Technical note: A validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis
Depth Effects of Long-term Organic Residue Application on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Central Kenya
Distinct changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in the litter layer across two contrasting forest-tundra ecotones
Vegetation patterns associated with nutrient availability and supply in high-elevation tropical Andean ecosystems
Technical note: An open-source, low-cost system for continuous monitoring of low nitrate concentrations in soil and open water
Solubility characteristics of soil humic substances as a function of pH
Long-term fertilization increases soil but not plant or microbial N in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
Factors controlling spatiotemporal variability of soil carbon accumulation and stock estimates in a tidal salt marsh
Exploring micro-scale heterogeneity as a driver of biogeochemical transformations and gas transport in peat
Moisture and temperature effects on the radiocarbon signature of respired carbon dioxide to assess stability of soil carbon in the Tibetan Plateau
Non-mycorrhizal root-associated fungi increase soil C stocks and stability via diverse mechanisms
Drought counteracts soil warming more strongly in the subsoil than in the topsoil according to a vertical microbial SOC model
Nine years of warming and nitrogen addition in the Tibetan grassland promoted loss of soil organic carbon but did not alter the bulk change in chemical structure
Soil priming effects and involved microbial community along salt gradients
Adjustments to the Rock-Eval® thermal analysis for soil organic and inorganic carbon quantification
Ecosystem-specific patterns and drivers of global reactive iron mineral-associated organic carbon
Dark septate endophytic fungi associated with pioneer grass inhabiting volcanic deposits and their functions in promoting plant growth
Global patterns and drivers of phosphorus fractions in natural soils
Reviews and syntheses: Iron – a driver of nitrogen bioavailability in soils?
How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter
Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities
Mapping soil organic carbon fractions for Australia, their stocks, and uncertainty
Technical note: The recovery rate of free particulate organic matter from soil samples is strongly affected by the method of density fractionation
Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon respiration along a forested elevation gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
The influence of elevated CO2 and soil depth on rhizosphere activity and nutrient availability in a mature Eucalyptus woodland
The paradox of assessing greenhouse gases from soils for nature-based solutions
Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon on global croplands
Pore network modeling as a new tool for determining gas diffusivity in peat
Temperature sensitivity of dark CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils
Effects of precipitation seasonality, irrigation, vegetation cycle and soil type on enhanced weathering – modeling of cropland case studies across four sites
Stable isotope profiles of soil organic carbon in forested and grassland landscapes in the Lake Alaotra basin (Madagascar): insights in past vegetation changes
Reviews and syntheses: The promise of big diverse soil data, moving current practices towards future potential
Dynamics of rare earth elements and associated major and trace elements during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation
To what extent can soil moisture and soil Cu contamination stresses affect nitrous species emissions? Estimation through calibration of a nitrification–denitrification model
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry of organic matter in Swedish forest soils and its relationship with climate, tree species, and soil texture
Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence
Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone
Soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils
Qiang Pu, Bo Meng, Jen-How Huang, Kun Zhang, Jiang Liu, Yurong Liu, Mahmoud A. Abdelhafiz, and Xinbin Feng
Biogeosciences, 22, 1543–1556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1543-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1543-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on microbial mercury (Hg) methylation in paddy soils. It uncovers that DOM regulates Hg methylation mainly through altering core Hg-methylating microbiome composition and boosting the growth of core Hg-methylating microorganisms. The study highlights that in the regulation of methylmercury formation in paddy soils, more attention should be paid to changes in DOM concentration and composition.
Marijn Van de Broek, Gerard Govers, Marion Schrumpf, and Johan Six
Biogeosciences, 22, 1427–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1427-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1427-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon models are used to predict how soils affect the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. We show that equifinality – the phenomenon that different parameter values lead to correct overall model outputs, albeit with a different model behaviour – is an important source of model uncertainty. Our results imply that adding more complexity to soil organic carbon models is unlikely to lead to better predictions as long as more data to constrain model parameters are not available.
Hanna Sjulgård, Lukas Valentin Graf, Tino Colombi, Juliane Hirte, Thomas Keller, and Helge Aasen
Biogeosciences, 22, 1341–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1341-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1341-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study showed that stress-related crop response to changing environmental conditions can be detected by monitoring crops using satellite images at the landscape level. This could be useful for farmers to identify when stresses occur. Our results also suggest that satellite imagery can be used to discover soil impacts on crop development at farm fields. The inclusion of soil properties in satellite image analyses could further improve the accuracy of the prediction of drought stress on crops.
Joel Mohren, Hendrik Wiesel, Wulf Amelung, L. Keith Fifield, Alexandra Sandhage-Hofmann, Erik Strub, Steven A. Binnie, Stefan Heinze, Elmarie Kotze, Chris Du Preez, Stephen G. Tims, and Tibor J. Dunai
Biogeosciences, 22, 1077–1094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1077-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1077-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We measured concentrations of nuclear fallout in soil samples taken from arable land in South Africa. We find that during the second half of the 20th century, the data strongly correlate with the organic matter content of the soils. The finding implies that wind erosion strongly influenced the loss of organic matter in the soils we investigated. Furthermore, the exponential decline of fallout concentrations and organic matter content over time peaks shortly after native grassland is ploughed.
Henning Teickner, Edzer Pebesma, and Klaus-Holger Knorr
Biogeosciences, 22, 417–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-417-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-417-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Decomposition rates for Sphagnum mosses, the main peat-forming plants in northern peatlands, are often derived from litterbag experiments. Here, we estimate initial leaching losses from available Sphagnum litterbag experiments and analyze how decomposition rates are biased when initial leaching losses are ignored. Our analyses indicate that initial leaching losses range between 3 to 18 mass-% and that this may result in overestimated mass losses when extrapolated to several decades.
Shanshan Bai, Yifei Ge, Dongtan Yao, Yifan Wang, Jinfang Tan, Shuai Zhang, Yutao Peng, and Xiaoqian Jiang
Biogeosciences, 22, 135–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-135-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-135-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral fertilization led to increases in total P, available P, high-activity inorganic P fractions, and organic P but reduced the abundance of P-cycling genes by decreasing soil pH and increasing P in bulk soil. Straw retention enhanced organic carbon, total P, and available P concentrations in water-extractable colloids (WECs). Abundances of the phoD gene and phoD-harboring Proteobacteria in WECs were elevated under straw retention, suggesting an increase in P-mineralization capacity.
Kyle E. Smart, Daniel O. Breecker, Christopher B. Blackwood, and Timothy M. Gallagher
Biogeosciences, 22, 87–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-87-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-87-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
When microbes consume carbon within soils, it is important to know how much carbon is respired and lost as carbon dioxide versus how much is used to make new biomass. We used a new approach of monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen to track the fate of consumed carbon during a series of laboratory experiments where sugar was added to moistened soil. Our approach allowed us to estimate how much sugar was converted to dead microbial biomass, which is more likely to be preserved in soils.
Xiankun Li, Marleen Pallandt, Dilip Naidu, Johannes Rousk, Gustaf Hugelius, and Stefano Manzoni
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3324, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
While laboratory studies have identified many drivers and their effects on the carbon emission pulse after rewetting of dry soils, a validation with field data is still missing. Here, we show that the carbon emission pulse in the laboratory and in the field increases with soil organic carbon and temperature, but their trends with pre-rewetting dryness and moisture increment at rewetting differ. We conclude that the laboratory findings can be partially validated.
Katherine E. Grant, Marisa N. Repasch, Kari M. Finstad, Julia D. Kerr, Maxwell Marple, Christopher J. Larson, Taylor A. B. Broek, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, and Karis J. McFarlane
Biogeosciences, 21, 4395–4411, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4395-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4395-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store organic carbon composed of multiple compounds from plants and microbes for different lengths of time. To understand how soils store these different carbon types, we measure the time each carbon fraction is in a grassland soil profile. Our results show that the length of time each individual soil fraction is in our soil changes. Our approach allows a detailed look at the different components in soils. This study can help improve our understanding of soil dynamics.
Jet Rijnders, Arthur Vienne, and Sara Vicca
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3022, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A mesocosm experiment was set-up to investigate how maize responds to basalt, concrete fines and steel slags application, using a dose-response approach. Biomass increased with basalt application, but did not change with concrete fines or steel slags, except for increased tassel biomass. Mg, Ca and Si generally increased in the crops, while heavy metal concentrations remained unaffected or even decreased in the plants. Overall, crops were positively affected by application of silicate materials.
Peter Levy, Laura Bentley, Peter Danks, Bridget Emmett, Angus Garbutt, Stephen Heming, Peter Henrys, Aidan Keith, Inma Lebron, Niall McNamara, Richard Pywell, John Redhead, David Robinson, and Alexander Wickenden
Biogeosciences, 21, 4301–4315, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We collated a large data set (15 790 soil cores) on soil carbon stock in different land uses. Soil carbon stocks were highest in woodlands and lowest in croplands. The variability in the effects was large. This has important implications for agri-environment schemes seeking to sequester carbon in the soil by altering land use because the effect of a given intervention is very hard to verify.
Marija Stojanova, Pierre Arbelet, François Baudin, Nicolas Bouton, Giovanni Caria, Lorenza Pacini, Nicolas Proix, Edouard Quibel, Achille Thin, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 21, 4229–4237, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Because of its importance for climate regulation and soil health, many studies focus on carbon dynamics in soils. However, quantifying organic and inorganic carbon remains an issue in carbonated soils. In this technical note, we propose a validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. With this correction, the Rock-Eval® method has the potential to become the standard method for quantifying carbon in carbonate soils.
Claude Raoul Müller, Johan Six, Daniel Mugendi Njiru, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Marijn Van de Broek
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2796, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2796, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how different organic and inorganic nutrient inputs affect soil organic carbon (SOC) down to 70 cm in Kenya. After 19 years, all organic treatments increased SOC stocks as compared to the control, but mineral nitrogen had no significant effect. Manure was the organic treatment that significantly increased SOC the deepest as its effect could be observed down to 60 cm. Manure was the best strategy to limit SOC loss in croplands and maintain soil quality after deforestation.
Frank Hagedorn, Joesphine Imboden, Pavel Moiseev, Decai Gao, Emmanuel Frossard, Daniel Christen, Konstantin Gavazov, and Jasmin Fetzer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2622, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At treeline, plant species change abruptly from low stature plants in tundra to trees in forests. Our study documents that from tundra towards forest, the litter layer gets strongly enriched in nutrients. We show that these litter quality changes alter nutrient processing by soil microbes and increase the nutrient release during decomposition in forest than in tundra. The associated improvement of nutrient availability in the forest potentially stimulates tree growth and treeline shifts.
Armando Molina, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 21, 3075–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Andes contains unique landscapes where forest patches are surrounded by tussock grasses and cushion-forming plants. The aboveground vegetation composition informs us about belowground nutrient availability: patterns in plant-available nutrients resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of soil nutrients by plant uptake or leaching. Future changes in vegetation distribution will affect soil water and solute fluxes and the aquatic ecology of Andean rivers and lakes.
Sahiti Bulusu, Cristina Prieto García, Helen E. Dahlke, and Elad Levintal
Biogeosciences, 21, 3007–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Do-it-yourself hardware is a new way to improve measurement resolution. We present a low-cost, automated system for field measurements of low nitrate concentrations in soil porewater and open water bodies. All data hardware components cost USD 1100, which is much cheaper than other available commercial solutions. We provide the complete building guide to reduce technical barriers, which we hope will allow easier reproducibility and set up new soil and environmental monitoring applications.
Xuemei Yang, Jie Zhang, Khan M. G. Mostofa, Mohammad Mohinuzzaman, H. Henry Teng, Nicola Senesi, Giorgio S. Senesi, Jie Yuan, Yu Liu, Si-Liang Li, Xiaodong Li, Baoli Wang, and Cong-Qiang Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2994, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The solubility characteristics of soil humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and protein-like substances (PLS) at different pH values remain uncertain. The key findings includes: HA solubility increases with increasing pH and decreases with decreasing pH; HApH6 and HApH1 contribute to 39.1–49.2 % and 3.1–24.1 % of total DOM, respectively; and HApH2, FA, and PLS are highly soluble at acidic pH values and are transported by ambient water. These issues are vital for sustainable soil management.
Violeta Mendoza-Martinez, Scott L. Collins, and Jennie R. McLaren
Biogeosciences, 21, 2655–2667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the impacts of multi-decadal nitrogen additions on a dryland ecosystem N budget, including the soil, microbial, and plant N pools. After 26 years, there appears to be little impact on the soil microbial or plant community and only minimal increases in N pools within the soil. While perhaps encouraging from a conservation standpoint, we calculate that greater than 95 % of the nitrogen added to the system is not retained and is instead either lost deeper in the soil or emitted as gas.
Sean Fettrow, Andrew Wozniak, Holly A. Michael, and Angelia L. Seyfferth
Biogeosciences, 21, 2367–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes play a big role in global carbon (C) storage, and C stock estimates are used to predict future changes. However, spatial and temporal gradients in C burial rates over the landscape exist due to variations in water inundation, dominant plant species and stage of growth, and tidal action. We quantified soil C concentrations in soil cores across time and space beside several porewater biogeochemical variables and discussed the controls on variability in soil C in salt marsh ecosystems.
Lukas Kohl, Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Maarit Raivonen, Markku Koskinen, Mari Pihlatie, and Annamari Lauren
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1280, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an assay to illuminate heterogeneity of biogeochemical transformations within peat samples. For this, we injected isotope labelled acetate into peat cores and monitoring the release of label-derived gases, which we compared to microtomography images. The fraction of label converted to CO2 and the rapidness of this conversion was linked to injection depth as well as air-filled porosity. Pore network metric did not provide predictive power over compared to porosity alone.
Andrés Tangarife-Escobar, Georg Guggenberger, Xiaojuan Feng, Guohua Dai, Carolina Urbina-Malo, Mina Azizi-Rad, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 21, 1277–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter stability depends on future temperature and precipitation scenarios. We used radiocarbon (14C) data and model predictions to understand how the transit time of carbon varies under environmental change in grasslands and peatlands. Soil moisture affected the Δ14C of peatlands, while temperature did not have any influence. Our models show the correspondence between Δ14C and transit time and could allow understanding future interactions between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon
Emiko K. Stuart, Laura Castañeda-Gómez, Wolfram Buss, Jeff R. Powell, and Yolima Carrillo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1037–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We inoculated wheat plants with various types of fungi whose impacts on soil carbon are poorly understood. After several months of growth, we examined both their impacts on soil carbon and the underlying mechanisms using multiple methods. Overall the fungi benefitted the storage of carbon in soil, mainly by improving the stability of pre-existing carbon, but several pathways were involved. This study demonstrates their importance for soil carbon storage and, therefore, climate change mitigation.
Marleen Pallandt, Marion Schrumpf, Holger Lange, Markus Reichstein, Lin Yu, and Bernhard Ahrens
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-186, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-186, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
As soils get warmer due to climate change, SOC decomposes faster because of higher microbial activity, but only with sufficient soil moisture. We modelled how microbes decompose plant litter and microbial residues at different soil depths. We found that deep soil layers are more sensitive than topsoils. SOC is lost from the soil with warming, but this can be mitigated or worsened depending on the type of litter and its sensitivity to temperature. Droughts can reduce warming-induced SOC losses.
Huimin Sun, Michael W. I. Schmidt, Jintao Li, Jinquan Li, Xiang Liu, Nicholas O. E. Ofiti, Shurong Zhou, and Ming Nie
Biogeosciences, 21, 575–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-575-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A soil organic carbon (SOC) molecular structure suggested that the easily decomposable and stabilized SOC is similarly affected after 9-year warming and N treatments despite large changes in SOC stocks. Given the long residence time of some SOC, the similar loss of all measurable chemical forms of SOC under global change treatments could have important climate consequences.
Haoli Zhang, Doudou Chang, Zhifeng Zhu, Chunmei Meng, and Kaiyong Wang
Biogeosciences, 21, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil salinity mediates microorganisms and soil processes like soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. We observed that negative priming effects at the early stages might be due to the preferential utilization of cottonseed meal. The positive priming that followed decreased with the increase in salinity.
Joséphine Hazera, David Sebag, Isabelle Kowalewski, Eric Verrecchia, Herman Ravelojaona, and Tiphaine Chevallier
Biogeosciences, 20, 5229–5242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study adapts the Rock-Eval® protocol to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) on a non-pretreated soil aliquot. The standard protocol properly estimates SOC contents once the TOC parameter is corrected. However, it cannot complete the thermal breakdown of SIC amounts > 4 mg, leading to an underestimation of high SIC contents by the MinC parameter, even after correcting for this. Thus, the final oxidation isotherm is extended to 7 min to quantify any SIC amount.
Bo Zhao, Amin Dou, Zhiwei Zhang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbo Sun, Yanli Feng, Xiaojuan Wang, and Qiang Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 4761–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the spatial variability and determinants of Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe-OC) among terrestrial, wetland, and marine ecosystems and its governing factors globally. We illustrated that reactive Fe was not only an important sequestration mechanism for OC in terrestrial ecosystems but also an effective “rusty sink” of OC preservation in wetland and marine ecosystems, i.e., a key factor for long-term OC storage in global ecosystems.
Han Sun, Tomoyasu Nishizawa, Hiroyuki Ohta, and Kazuhiko Narisawa
Biogeosciences, 20, 4737–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we assessed the diversity and function of the dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi community associated with Miscanthus condensatus root in volcanic ecosystems. Both metabarcoding and isolation were adopted in this study. We further validated effects on plant growth by inoculation of some core DSE isolates. This study helps improve our understanding of the role of Miscanthus condensatus-associated DSE fungi during the restoration of post-volcanic ecosystems.
Xianjin He, Laurent Augusto, Daniel S. Goll, Bruno Ringeval, Ying-Ping Wang, Julian Helfenstein, Yuanyuan Huang, and Enqing Hou
Biogeosciences, 20, 4147–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We identified total soil P concentration as the most important predictor of all soil P pool concentrations, except for primary mineral P concentration, which is primarily controlled by soil pH and only secondarily by total soil P concentration. We predicted soil P pools’ distributions in natural systems, which can inform assessments of the role of natural P availability for ecosystem productivity, climate change mitigation, and the functioning of the Earth system.
Imane Slimani, Xia Zhu-Barker, Patricia Lazicki, and William Horwath
Biogeosciences, 20, 3873–3894, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3873-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3873-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is a strong link between nitrogen availability and iron minerals in soils. These minerals have multiple outcomes for nitrogen availability depending on soil conditions and properties. For example, iron can limit microbial degradation of nitrogen in aerated soils but has opposing outcomes in non-aerated soils. This paper focuses on the multiple ways iron can affect nitrogen bioavailability in soils.
Shane W. Stoner, Marion Schrumpf, Alison Hoyt, Carlos A. Sierra, Sebastian Doetterl, Valier Galy, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 20, 3151–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store more carbon (C) than any other terrestrial C reservoir, but the processes that control how much C stays in soil, and for how long, are very complex. Here, we used a recent method that involves heating soil in the lab to measure the range of C ages in soil. We found that most C in soil is decades to centuries old, while some stays for much shorter times (days to months), and some is thousands of years old. Such detail helps us to estimate how soil C may react to changing climate.
Adetunji Alex Adekanmbi, Laurence Dale, Liz Shaw, and Tom Sizmur
Biogeosciences, 20, 2207–2219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The decomposition of soil organic matter and flux of carbon dioxide are expected to increase as temperatures rise. However, soil organic matter decomposition is a two-step process whereby large molecules are first broken down outside microbial cells and then respired within microbial cells. We show here that these two steps are not equally sensitive to increases in soil temperature and that global warming may cause a shift in the rate-limiting step from outside to inside the microbial cell.
Mercedes Román Dobarco, Alexandre M. J-C. Wadoux, Brendan Malone, Budiman Minasny, Alex B. McBratney, and Ross Searle
Biogeosciences, 20, 1559–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1559-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1559-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is of a heterogeneous nature and varies in chemistry, stabilisation mechanisms, and persistence in soil. In this study we mapped the stocks of SOC fractions with different characteristics and turnover rates (presumably PyOC >= MAOC > POC) across Australia, combining spectroscopy and digital soil mapping. The SOC stocks (0–30 cm) were estimated as 13 Pg MAOC, 2 Pg POC, and 5 Pg PyOC.
Frederick Büks
Biogeosciences, 20, 1529–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication with density fractionation of soils is a commonly used method to separate soil organic matter pools, which is, e.g., important to calculate carbon turnover in landscapes. It is shown that the approach that merges soil and dense solution without mixing has a low recovery rate and causes co-extraction of parts of the retained labile pool along with the intermediate pool. An alternative method with high recovery rates and no cross-contamination was recommended.
Tino Peplau, Christopher Poeplau, Edward Gregorich, and Julia Schroeder
Biogeosciences, 20, 1063–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We buried tea bags and temperature loggers in a paired-plot design in soils under forest and agricultural land and retrieved them after 2 years to quantify the effect of land-use change on soil temperature and litter decomposition in subarctic agricultural systems. We could show that agricultural soils were on average 2 °C warmer than forests and that litter decomposition was enhanced. The results imply that deforestation amplifies effects of climate change on soil organic matter dynamics.
Joseph Okello, Marijn Bauters, Hans Verbeeck, Samuel Bodé, John Kasenene, Astrid Françoys, Till Engelhardt, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
Biogeosciences, 20, 719–735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in global and regional temperatures has the potential to drive accelerated soil organic carbon losses in tropical forests. We simulated climate warming by translocating intact soil cores from higher to lower elevations. The results revealed increasing temperature sensitivity and decreasing losses of soil organic carbon with increasing elevation. Our results suggest that climate warming may trigger enhanced losses of soil organic carbon from tropical montane forests.
Johanna Pihlblad, Louise C. Andresen, Catriona A. Macdonald, David S. Ellsworth, and Yolima Carrillo
Biogeosciences, 20, 505–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated CO2 in the atmosphere increases forest biomass productivity when growth is not limited by soil nutrients. This study explores how mature trees stimulate soil availability of nitrogen and phosphorus with free-air carbon dioxide enrichment after 5 years of fumigation. We found that both nutrient availability and processes feeding available pools increased in the rhizosphere, and phosphorus increased at depth. This appears to not be by decomposition but by faster recycling of nutrients.
Rodrigo Vargas and Van Huong Le
Biogeosciences, 20, 15–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-15-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the role of soils in nature-based solutions requires accurate estimates of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We suggest that multiple GHG fluxes should not be simultaneously measured at a few fixed time intervals, but an optimized sampling approach can reduce bias and uncertainty. Our results have implications for assessing GHG fluxes from soils and a better understanding of the role of soils in nature-based solutions.
Kristine Karstens, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Marta Dondini, Jens Heinke, Matthias Kuhnert, Christoph Müller, Susanne Rolinski, Pete Smith, Isabelle Weindl, Hermann Lotze-Campen, and Alexander Popp
Biogeosciences, 19, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes, the management decisions are still little investigated at the global scale. We estimate that soils have lost around 26 GtC relative to a counterfactual natural state in 1975. Yet, since 1975, SOC has been increasing again by 4 GtC due to a higher productivity, recycling of crop residues and manure, and no-tillage practices.
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Arianna Marchionne, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 5041–5058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large carbon stocks. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from peatlands may increase due to changes in management and climate. We studied the variation in the gas diffusivity of peat with depth using pore network simulations and laboratory experiments. Gas diffusivity was found to be lower in deeper peat with smaller pores and lower pore connectivity. However, gas diffusivity was not extremely low in wet conditions, which may reflect the distinctive structure of peat.
Rachael Akinyede, Martin Taubert, Marion Schrumpf, Susan Trumbore, and Kirsten Küsel
Biogeosciences, 19, 4011–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soils will likely become warmer in the future, and this can increase the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. As microbes can take up soil CO2 and prevent further escape into the atmosphere, this study compares the rate of uptake and release of CO2 at two different temperatures. With warming, the rate of CO2 uptake increases less than the rate of release, indicating that the capacity to modulate soil CO2 release into the atmosphere will decrease under future warming.
Giuseppe Cipolla, Salvatore Calabrese, Amilcare Porporato, and Leonardo V. Noto
Biogeosciences, 19, 3877–3896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration. Since models may help to characterize field EW, the present work applies a hydro-biogeochemical model to four case studies characterized by different rainfall seasonality, vegetation and soil type. Rainfall seasonality strongly affects EW dynamics, but low carbon sequestration suggests that an in-depth analysis at the global scale is required to see if EW may be effective to mitigate climate change.
Vao Fenotiana Razanamahandry, Marjolein Dewaele, Gerard Govers, Liesa Brosens, Benjamin Campforts, Liesbet Jacobs, Tantely Razafimbelo, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, and Steven Bouillon
Biogeosciences, 19, 3825–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3825-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3825-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In order to shed light on possible past vegetation shifts in the Central Highlands of Madagascar, we measured stable isotope ratios of organic carbon in soil profiles along both forested and grassland hillslope transects in the Lake Alaotra region. Our results show that the landscape of this region was more forested in the past: soils in the C4-dominated grasslands contained a substantial fraction of C3-derived carbon, increasing with depth.
Katherine E. O. Todd-Brown, Rose Z. Abramoff, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Hava K. Blair, Stevan Earl, Kristen J. Frederick, Daniel R. Fuka, Mario Guevara Santamaria, Jennifer W. Harden, Katherine Heckman, Lillian J. Heran, James R. Holmquist, Alison M. Hoyt, David H. Klinges, David S. LeBauer, Avni Malhotra, Shelby C. McClelland, Lucas E. Nave, Katherine S. Rocci, Sean M. Schaeffer, Shane Stoner, Natasja van Gestel, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Marisa L. Younger
Biogeosciences, 19, 3505–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Research data are becoming increasingly available online with tantalizing possibilities for reanalysis. However harmonizing data from different sources remains challenging. Using the soils community as an example, we walked through the various strategies that researchers currently use to integrate datasets for reanalysis. We find that manual data transcription is still extremely common and that there is a critical need for community-supported informatics tools like vocabularies and ontologies.
Alessandro Montemagno, Christophe Hissler, Victor Bense, Adriaan J. Teuling, Johanna Ziebel, and Laurent Pfister
Biogeosciences, 19, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the biogeochemical processes that dominate the release and retention of elements (nutrients and potentially toxic elements) during litter degradation. Our results show that toxic elements are retained in the litter, while nutrients are released in solution during the first stages of degradation. This seems linked to the capability of trees to distribute the elements between degradation-resistant and non-degradation-resistant compounds of leaves according to their chemical nature.
Laura Sereni, Bertrand Guenet, Charlotte Blasi, Olivier Crouzet, Jean-Christophe Lata, and Isabelle Lamy
Biogeosciences, 19, 2953–2968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study focused on the modellisation of two important drivers of soil greenhouse gas emissions: soil contamination and soil moisture change. The aim was to include a Cu function in the soil biogeochemical model DNDC for different soil moisture conditions and then to estimate variation in N2O, NO2 or NOx emissions. Our results show a larger effect of Cu on N2 and N2O emissions than on the other nitrogen species and a higher effect for the soils incubated under constant constant moisture.
Marie Spohn and Johan Stendahl
Biogeosciences, 19, 2171–2186, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of organic matter in Swedish forest soils. The N : P ratio of the organic layer was most strongly related to the mean annual temperature, while the C : N ratios of the organic layer and mineral soil were strongly related to tree species even in the subsoil. The organic P concentration in the mineral soil was strongly affected by soil texture, which diminished the effect of tree species on the C to organic P (C : OP) ratio.
Moritz Mainka, Laura Summerauer, Daniel Wasner, Gina Garland, Marco Griepentrog, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, and Sebastian Doetterl
Biogeosciences, 19, 1675–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The largest share of terrestrial carbon is stored in soils, making them highly relevant as regards global change. Yet, the mechanisms governing soil carbon stabilization are not well understood. The present study contributes to a better understanding of these processes. We show that qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) co-vary with alterations of the soil matrix following soil weathering. Hence, the type of SOM that is stabilized in soils might change as soils develop.
Karis J. McFarlane, Heather M. Throckmorton, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Brent D. Newman, Alexandra L. Hedgpeth, Marisa N. Repasch, Thomas P. Guilderson, and Cathy J. Wilson
Biogeosciences, 19, 1211–1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Planetary warming is increasing seasonal thaw of permafrost, making this extensive old carbon stock vulnerable. In northern Alaska, we found more and older dissolved organic carbon in small drainages later in summer as more permafrost was exposed by deepening thaw. Younger and older carbon did not differ in chemical indicators related to biological lability suggesting this carbon can cycle through aquatic systems and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions as warming increases permafrost thaw.
Pengzhi Zhao, Daniel Joseph Fallu, Sara Cucchiaro, Paolo Tarolli, Clive Waddington, David Cockcroft, Lisa Snape, Andreas Lang, Sebastian Doetterl, Antony G. Brown, and Kristof Van Oost
Biogeosciences, 18, 6301–6312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the factors controlling the soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and temperature sensitivity of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils. Results suggest that the burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided an SOC stabilization mechanism. Both the soil C : N ratio and SOC mineral protection regulate soil SOC temperature sensitivity. However, which mechanism predominantly controls SOC temperature sensitivity depends on the age of the buried terrace soils.
Cited articles
Achat, D. L., Augusto, L., Gallet-Budynek, A., and Bakker, M. R.: Drying-induced changes in phosphorus status of soils with contrasting soil organic matter contents – Implications for laboratory approaches, Geoderma, 187–188, 41–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.014, 2012.
Alvarez-Cobelas, M., Sánchez-Carrillo, S., Angeler, D. G., and Sánchez-Andrés, R.: Phosphorus export from catchments: A global view, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 28, 805–820, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-073.1, 2009.
Anderson, B. H. and Magdoff, F. R.: Relative movement and soil fixation of soluble organic and inorganic phosphorus, J. Environ. Qual., 34, 2228–2233, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0025, 2005.
Augusto, L., Achat, D. L., Jonard, M., Vidal, D., and Ringeval, B.: Soil parent material – A major driver of plant nutrient limitations in terrestrial ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 3808–3824, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13691, 2017.
Backnäs, S., Laine-Kaulio, H., and Kløve, B.: Phosphorus forms and related soil chemistry in preferential flowpaths and the soil matrix of a forested podzolic till soil profile, Geoderma, 189–190, 50–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.016, 2012.
Barrow, N. J.: A mechanistic model for describing the sorption and desorption of phosphate by soil, J. Soil Sci., 34, 733–750, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12198_2, 1983.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S.: Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4, J. Stat. Softw., 67, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01, 2015.
Berg, A. S. and Joern, B. C.: Sorption dynamics of organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds in soil, J. Environ. Qual., 35, 1855–1862, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0420, 2006.
Birch, H. F.: The effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen availability, Plant Soil, 10, 1, 9–31, 1958.
Blackwell, M. S. A., Brookes, P. C., de la Fuente-Martinez, N., Gordon, H., Murray, P. J., Snars, K. E., Williams, J. K., Bol, R., and Haygarth, P. M.: Cha. 1 – Phosphorus Solubilization and Potential Transfer to Surface Waters from the Soil Microbial Biomass Following Drying–Rewetting and Freezing–Thawing, in: Sparks, D. L. B. T.-A. A., Advances in Agronomy v106, Vol. 106, 1–35, Academic Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(10)06001-3, 2010.
Bol, R., Julich, D., Brödlin, D., Siemens, J., Kaiser, K., Dippold, M. A., Spielvogel, S., Zilla, T., Mewes, D., von Blanckenburg, F., Puhlmann, H., Holzmann, S., Weiler, M., Amelung, W., Lang, F., Kuzyakov, Y., Feger, K. H., Gottselig, N., Klumpp, E., Missong, A., Winkelmann, C., Uhlig, D., Sohrt, J., von Wilpert, K., Wu, B., and Hagedorn, F.: Dissolved and colloidal phosphorus fluxes in forest ecosystems – an almost blind spot in ecosystem research, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc., 179, 425–438, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201600079, 2016.
Borken, W. and Matzner, E.: Reappraisal of drying and wetting effects on C and N mineralization and fluxes in soils, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 808–824, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01681.x, 2009.
Brödlin, D., Kaiser, K., and Hagedorn, F.: Divergent patterns of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus mobilization in forest soils, Front. For. Glob. Chang., 2, 66, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00066, 2019a.
Brödlin, D., Kaiser, K., Kessler, A., and Hagedorn, F.: Drying and rewetting foster phosphorus depletion of forest soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 128, 22–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.10.001, 2019b.
Brumme, R., Ahrends, B., Block, J., Schulz, C., Meesenburg, H., Klinck, U., Wagner, M., and Khanna, P. K.: Cycling and retention of nitrogen in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems under elevated fructification frequency, Biogeosciences, 18, 3763–3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3763-2021, 2021.
Bünemann, E. K., Oberson, A., Liebisch, F., Keller, F., Annaheim, K. E., Huguenin-Elie, O., and Frossard, E.: Rapid microbial phosphorus immobilization dominates gross phosphorus fluxes in a grassland soil with low inorganic phosphorus availability, Soil Biol. Biochem., 51, 84–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.012, 2012.
Celi, L., De Luca, G., and Barberis, E.: Effects of Interaction of Organic and Inorganic P With Ferrihydrite and Kaolinite-Iron Oxide Systems on Iron Release, Soil Sci., 168, 479–488, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000080333.10341.a4, 2003.
Chen, J., Seven, J., Zilla, T., Dippold, M. A., Blagodatskaya, E., and Kuzyakov, Y.: Microbial
Colman, B. P. and Schimel, J. P.: Drivers of microbial respiration and net N mineralization at the continental scale, Soil Biol. Biochem., 60, 65–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.003, 2013.
Davies, J. A. C., Tipping, E., Rowe, E. C., Boyle, J. F., Pannatier, E. G., and Martinsen, V.: Long-term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant-soil C, N, and P, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 231–249, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005167, 2016.
Dinh, M. V., Schramm, T., Spohn, M., and Matzner, E.: Drying–rewetting cycles release phosphorus from forest soils, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc., 179, 670–678, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201500577, 2016.
Dinh, M.-V., Guhr, A., Spohn, M., and Matzner, E.: Release of phosphorus from soil bacterial and fungal biomass following drying/rewetting, Soil Biol. Biochem., 110, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.02.014, 2017.
Elser, J. J., Bracken, M. E. S., Cleland, E. E., Gruner, D. S., Harpole, W. S., Hillebrand, H., Ngai, J. T., Seabloom, E. W., Shurin, J. B., and Smith, J. E.: Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, Ecol. Lett., 10, 1135–1142, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01113.x, 2007.
Fetzer, J. and Hagedorn, F.: Phosphorus and nitrogen leaching from beech forest soils, EnviDat [data set], https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.234, 2021.
Fetzer, J., Loeppmann, S., Frossard, E., Manzoor, A., Brödlin, D., Kaiser, K., and Hagedorn, F.: Leaching of phosphomonoesterase activities in beech forest soils: consequences for phosphorus forms and mobility, Front. For. Glob. Chang., 4, 684069, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.684069, 2021.
Fitzhugh, R. D., Driscoll, C. T., Groffman, P. M., Tierney, G. L., Fahey, T. J., and Hardy, J. P.: Effects of soil freezing disturbance on soil solution nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon chemistry in a northern hardwood ecosystem, Biogeochemistry, 56, 215–238, 2001.
Fröberg, M., Grip, H., Tipping, E., Svensson, M., Strömgren, M., and Kleja, D. B.: Long-term effects of experimental fertilization and soil warming on dissolved organic matter leaching from a spruce forest in Northern Sweden, Geoderma, 200–201, 172–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.02.002, 2013.
Frossard, E., Stewart, J. W. B., and Arnaud, R. J. St.: Distribution and mobility of phosphorus in grassland and forest soils of Saskatchewan, Can. J. Soil Sci., 69, 401–416, https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-040, 1989.
Gao, D., Bai, E., Li, M., Zhao, C., Yu, K., and Hagedorn, F.: Responses of soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling to drying and rewetting cycles: A meta-analysis, Soil Biol. Biochem., 148, 107896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107896, 2020.
Gao, D., Bai, E., Yang, Y., Zong, S., and Hagedorn, F.: A global meta-analysis on freeze-thaw effects on soil carbon and phosphorus cycling, Soil Biol. Biochem., 159, 108283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108283, 2021.
Gaume, A., Weidler, P. G., and Frossard, E.: Effect of maize root mucilage on phosphate adsorption and exchangeability on a synthetic ferrihydrite, Biol. Fert. Soils, 31, 525–532, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740000206, 2000.
Gerhard, L., Puhlmann, H., Vogt, M., and Luster, J.: Phosphorus leaching from naturally structured forest soilso is more affected by soil properties than by drying and rewetting, Front. For. Glob. Chang., 4, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.543037, 2021.
Gerke, J. and Hermann, R.: Adsorption of orthophosphate to humic-Fe-Complexes and to amorphous Fe-Oxide, Z. Pflanz. Bodenkunde, 155, 233–236, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19921550313, 1992.
Gödde, M., David, M. B., Christ, M. J., Kaupenjohann, M., and Vance, G. F.: Carbon mobilization from the forest floor under red spruce in the Northeastern U. S. A., Soil Biol. Biochem., 28, 1181–1189, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(96)00130-7, 1996.
Griepentrog, M., Bodé, S., Boeckx, P., Hagedorn, F., Heim, A., and Schmidt, M. W. I.: Nitrogen deposition promotes the production of new fungal residues but retards the decomposition of old residues in forest soil fractions, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 327–340, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12374, 2014.
Guelland, K., Hagedorn, F., Smittenberg, R. H., Göransson, H., Bernasconi, S. M., Hajdas, I., and Kretzschmar, R.: Evolution of carbon fluxes during initial soil formation along the forefield of Damma glacier, Switzerland, Biogeochemistry, 113, 545–561, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9785-1, 2013.
Hagedorn, F., Bucher, J. B., and Schleppi, P.: Contrasting dynamics of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil and surface waters of forested catchments with Gleysols, Geoderma, 100, 173–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00085-9, 2001.
Hagedorn, F., Martin, M., Rixen, C., Rusch, S., Bebi, P., Zürcher, A., Siegwolf, R. T. W., Wipf, S., Escape, C., Roy, J., and Hättenschwiler, S.: Short-term responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to experimental soil warming at the Swiss alpine treeline, Biogeochemistry, 97, 7–19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9297-9, 2010.
Hagedorn, F., Kammer, A., Schmidt, M. W. I., and Goodale, C. L.: Nitrogen addition alters mineralization dynamics of 13C-depleted leaf and twig litter and reduces leaching of older DOC from mineral soil, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 1412–1427, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02603.x, 2012.
Hannapel, R. J., Fuller, W. H., and Fox, R. H.: Phosphorus movement in a calcareous soil: II. Soil microbial activity and organic phosphorus movement, Soil Sci., 97, 421–427, 1964a.
Hannapel, R. J., Fuller, W. H., Bosma, S., and Bullock, J. S.: Phosphorus movement in a calcareous soil: l. Predominance of organic forms of phosphorus in phosphorus movement, Soil Sci., 97, 350–357, 1964b.
Harpole, W. S., Ngai, J. T., Cleland, E. E., Seabloom, E. W., Borer, E. T., Bracken, M. E. S., Elser, J. J., Gruner, D. S., Hillebrand, H., Shurin, J. B., and Smith, J. E.: Nutrient co-limitation of primary producer communities, Ecol. Lett., 14, 852–862, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01651.x, 2011.
Hauenstein, S., Neidhardt, H., Lang, F., Krüger, J., Hofmann, D., Pütz, T., and Oelmann, Y.: Organic layers favor phosphorus storage and uptake by young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) at nutrient poor ecosystems, Plant Soil, 432, 289–301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3804-5, 2018.
Hauenstein, S., Nebel, M., and Oelmann, Y.: Impacts of Fertilization on Biologically Cycled P in Xylem Sap of Fagus sylvatica L. Revealed by Means of the Oxygen Isotope Ratio in Phosphate, Front. For. Glob. Chang., 3, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.542738, 2020.
Hedin, L. O., Armesto, J. J., and Johnson, A. H.: Patterns of nutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: evaluation of biogeochemical theory, Ecology, 76, 493–509, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941208, 1995.
Hedin, L. O., Vitousek, P. M., and Matson, P. A.: Nutrient losses over four million years of tropical forest development, Ecol. Res., 84, 2231–2255, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4066, 2003.
Hedley, M. J., Stewart, J. W. B., and Chauhan, B. S.: Changes in Inorganic and Organic Soil Phosphorus Fractions Induced by Cultivation Practices and by Laboratory Incubations1, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 46, 970, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600050017x, 1982.
Holzmann, S., Missong, A., Puhlmann, H., Siemens, J., Bol, R., Klumpp, E., and von Wilpert, K.: Impact of anthropogenic induced nitrogen input and liming on phosphorus leaching in forest soils, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc., 179, 443–453, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201500552, 2016.
Julich, S., Benning, R., Julich, D., and Feger, K. H.: Quantification of phosphorus exports from a small forested headwater-catchment in the Eastern Ore Mountains, Germany, Forests, 8, 206, https://doi.org/10.3390/f8060206, 2017.
Kaiser, K., Guggenberger, G., and Zech, W.: Organically bound nutrients in dissolved organic matter fractions in seepage and pore water of weakly developed forest soils, Acta Hydroch. Hydrob., 28, 411–419, 2000.
Kaiser, K., Guggenberger, G., Haumaier, L., and Zech, W.: Seasonal variations in the chemical compostion of dissolved organic matter in organic forest floor layer leachates of old-growth Scots pine and Europena beech stans in northeastern Bavaria, Germany, Biogeochemistry, 55, 103–143, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010694032121, 2001.
Kaiser, K., Guggenberger, G., and Haumaier, L.: Organic phosphorus in soil water under a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand in northeastern Bavaria, Germany: Seasonal variability and changes with soil depth, Biogeochemistry, 66, 287–310, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000005325.86131.5f, 2003.
Kalbitz, K., Solinger, S., Park, J. H., Michalzik, B., and Matzner, E.: Controls on the dynamics dissolved organic matter in soils: A review, Soil Sci., 165, 277–304, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200004000-00001, 2000.
Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., and Christensen, R. H. B.: lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models, J. Stat. Softw., 82, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13, 2017.
Lang, F., Krüger, J., Amelung, W., Willbold, S., Frossard, E., Bünemann, E. K., Bauhus, J., Nitschke, R., Kandeler, E., Marhan, S., Schulz, S., Bergkemper, F., Schloter, M., Luster, J., Guggisberg, F., Kaiser, K., Mikutta, R., Guggenberger, G., Polle, A., Pena, R., Prietzel, J., Rodionov, A., Talkner, U., Meesenburg, H., von Wilpert, K., Hölscher, A., Dietrich, H. P., and Chmara, I.: Soil phosphorus supply controls P nutrition strategies of beech forest ecosystems in Central Europe, Biogeochemistry, 136, 5–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0375-0, 2017.
Lilienfein, J., Qualls, R. G., Uselman, S. M., and Bridgham, S. D.: Adsorption of dissolved organic and inorganic phosphorus in soils of a weathering chronosequence, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 68, 620–628, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.6200, 2004.
Litaor, M. I.: Review of soil solution samplers, Water Resour. Res., 24, 727–733, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i005p00727, 1988.
Makowski, V., Julich, S., Feger, K. H., Breuer, L., and Julich, D.: Leaching of dissolved and particulate phosphorus via preferential flow pathways in a forest soil: An approach using zero-tension lysimeters, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc., 183, 238–247, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201900216, 2020a.
Makowski, V., Julich, S., Feger, K.-H., and Julich, D.: Soil Phosphorus Translocation via Preferential Flow Pathways: A Comparison of Two Sites With Different Phosphorus Stocks, Front. For. Glob. Chang., 3, 48, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00048, 2020b.
Michalzik, B., Kalbitz, K., Park, J. H., Solinger, S., and Matzner, E.: Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen – A synthesis for temperate forests, Biogeochemistry, 52, 173–205, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006441620810, 2001.
Moir, J. and Tiessen, H.: Characterization of Available P by Sequential Extraction, in: Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, edited by: Carter, M. R. and Gregorich, E. G., second edn., CRC Press, Canadian Soil Science Society – Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420005271-33, 2007.
Mooshammer, M., Wanek, W., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., and Richter, A.: Stoichiometric imbalances between terrestrial decomposer communities and their resources: Mechanisms and implications of microbial adaptations to their resources, Front. Microbiol., 5, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00022, 2014.
Mortensen, J., Hauge Nielsen, K., and JØrgensen, U.: Nitrate leaching during establishment of willow (Salix viminalis) on two soil types and at two fertilization levels, Biomass Bioenerg., 15, 457–466, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(98)00056-7, 1998.
Müller, M., Alewell, C., and Hagedorn, F.: Effective retention of litter-derived dissolved organic carbon in organic layers, Soil Biol. Biochem., 41, 1066–1074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.007, 2009.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P.: A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 27, 31–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5, 1962.
Neff, J. C., Hobbie, S. E., and Vitousek, P. M.: Nutrient and mineralogical control on dissolved organic C, N and P fluxes and stoichiometry in Hawaiian soils, Biogeochemistry, 51, 283–302, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006414517212, 2000.
NW-FVA: Waldzustands-Bericht 2020 (Hessen), Göttingen, https://fawf.wald-rlp.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/waldzustandsbericht/ (last access: 25 May 2021), 2020.
Ohno, T. and Zibilske, L. M.: Determination of low concentrations of phosphorus in soil extracts using malachite green, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 892–895, 1991.
Peñuelas, J., Poulter, B., Sardans, J., Ciais, P., van der Velde, M., Bopp, L., Boucher, O., Godderis, Y., Hinsinger, P., Llusia, J., Nardin, E., Vicca, S., Obersteiner, M., and Janssens, I. A.: Human-induced nitrogen–phosphorus imbalances alter natural and managed ecosystems across the globe, Nat. Commun., 4, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3934, 2013.
Perakis, S. S. and Hedin, L. O.: Fluxes and fates of nitrogen in soil of an unpolluted old-growth temperate forest southern Chile, Ecology, 82, 2245–2260, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2245:FAFONI]2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Perakis, S. S. and Hedin, L. O.: Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds, Nature, 415, 416–419, https://doi.org/10.1038/415416a, 2002.
Piirainen, S., Finér, L., Mannerkoski, H., and Starr, M.: Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching after site preparation at a boreal forest clear-cut area, Forest Ecol. Manag., 243, 10–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.053, 2007.
Qualls, R. G.: Comparison of the behavior of soluble organic and inorganic nutrients in forest soils, Forest Ecol. Manag., 138, 29–50, 2000.
Qualls, R. G. and Haines, B. L.: Fluxes of dissolved organic nutrients and humic substances in a deciduous forest, Ecology, 72, 254–266, 1991a.
Qualls, R. G. and Haines, B. L.: Geochemistry of dissolved organic nutrients in water percolating through a forest ecosystem, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 1112–1123, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500040036x, 1991b.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, https://www.r-project.org/ (last access: 12 July 2020), 2020.
Rechberger, M. V., Zehetner, F., and Gerzabek, M. H.: Phosphate sorption-desorption properties in volcanic topsoils along a chronosequence and a climatic gradient on the Galápagos Islands, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc., 184, 479–491, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202000488, 2021.
Richardson, S. J., Peltzer, D. A., Allen, R. B., McGlone, M. S., and Parfitt, R. L.: Rapid development of phosphorus limitation in temperate rainforest along the Franz Josef soil chronosequence, Oecologia, 139, 267–276, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1501-y, 2004.
Rinderer, M., Krüger, J., Lang, F., Puhlmann, H., and Weiler, M.: Subsurface flow and phosphorus dynamics in beech forest hillslopes during sprinkling experiments: how fast is phosphorus replenished?, Biogeosciences, 18, 1009–1027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1009-2021, 2021.
Rodionov, A., Bauke, S. L., von Sperber, C., Hoeschen, C., Kandeler, E., Kruse, J., Lewandowski, H., Marhan, S., Mueller, C. W., Simon, M., Tamburini, F., Uhlig, D., von Blanckenburg, F., Lang, F., and Amelung, W.: Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in subsoils of temperate forest ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, 150, 313–328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00700-8, 2020.
Saunders, W. M. H. and Williams, E. G.: Observations on the determination of total organic phosphorus in soils, Soil Sci., 6, 254–267, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1955.tb00849.x, 1955.
Schimel, J. P.: Life in dry soils: Effects of drought on soil microbial communities and processes, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S., 49, 409–432, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062614, 2018.
Schleuss, P. M., Widdig, M., Biederman, L. A., Borer, E. T., Crawley, M. J., Kirkman, K. P., Seabloom, E. W., Wragg, P. D., and Spohn, M.: Microbial substrate stoichiometry governs nutrient effects on nitrogen cycling in grassland soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 155, 108–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108168, 2021.
Siegenthaler, M. B., Ramoneda, J., Frossard, E., and Mészáros, É.: Microbial community responses to phosphorus and nitrogen inputs in the organic soil horizons of two contrasting temperature beech forests, Appl. Soil Ecol., 172, 104357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104357, 2021.
Sohrt, J., Uhlig, D., Kaiser, K., von Blanckenburg, F., Siemens, J., Seeger, S., Frick, D. A., Krüger, J., Lang, F., and Weiler, M.: Phosphorus Fluxes in a Temperate Forested Watershed: Canopy Leaching, Runoff Sources, and In-Stream Transformation, Front. For. Glob. Chang., 2, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00085, 2019.
Talkner, U., Krämer, I., Hölscher, D., and Beese, F. O.: Deposition and canopy exchange processes in central-German beech forests differing in tree species diversity, Plant Soil, 336, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0491-2, 2010.
Talkner, U., Meiwes, K. J., Potočić, N., Seletković, I., Cools, N., De Vos, B., and Rautio, P.: Phosphorus nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is decreasing in Europe, Ann. For. Sci., 72, 919–928, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0459-8, 2015.
Tipping, E., Benham, S., Boyle, J. F., Crow, P., Davies, J., Fischer, U., Guyatt, H., Helliwell, R., Lawlor, A. J., Monteith, D. T., Rowe, E. C., and Toberman, H.: Atmospheric deposition of phosphorus to land and freshwater, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 16, 1608–1617, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00641g, 2014.
Van der Ploeg, R. R., Böhm, W., and Kirkham, M. B.: On the origin of the theory of mineral nutrition of plants and the law of the minimum, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 1055–1062, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351055x, 1999.
Vogel, C., Helfenstein, J., Massey, M. S., Sekine, R., Kretzschmar, R., Beiping, L., Peter, T., Chadwick, O. A., Tamburini, F., Rivard, C., Herzel, H., Adam, C., Pradas del Real, A. E., Castillo-Michel, H., Zuin, L., Wang, D., Félix, R., Lassalle-Kaiser, B., and Frossard, E.: Microspectroscopy reveals dust-derived apatite grains in acidic, highly-weathered Hawaiian soils, Geoderma, 381, 114681, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114681, 2021.
Walker, T. W. and Syers, J. K.: The fate of phosphorous during pedogenesis, Geoderma, 15, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(76)90066-5, 1976.
Wang, R., Balkanski, Y., Boucher, O., Ciais, P., Peñuelas, J., and Tao, S.: Significant contribution of combustion-related emissions to the atmospheric phosphorus budget, Nat. Geosci., 8, 48–54, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2324, 2014.
Widdig, M., Schleuss, P. M., Weig, A. R., Guhr, A., Biederman, L. A., Borer, E. T., Crawley, M. J., Kirkman, K. P., Seabloom, E. W., Wragg, P. D., and Spohn, M.: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions Alter the Abundance of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phosphatase Activity in Grassland Soils, Front. Environ. Sci., 7, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00185, 2019.
Yu, L., Ahrens, B., Wutzler, T., Schrumpf, M., and Zaehle, S.: Jena Soil Model (JSM v1.0; revision 1934): a microbial soil organic carbon model integrated with nitrogen and phosphorus processes, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 783–803, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-783-2020, 2020.
Zederer, D. P., Talkner, U., Spohn, M., and Joergensen, R. G.: Microbial biomass phosphorus and C/N/P stoichiometry in forest floor and A horizons as affected by tree species, Soil Biol. Biochem., 111, 166–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.04.009, 2017.
Short summary
As leaching is a major pathway of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in forest soils, we investigated several potential drivers in two contrasting beech forests. The composition of leachates, obtained by zero-tension lysimeters, varied by season, and climatic extremes influenced the magnitude of leaching. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization varied with soil nutrient status and sorption properties, and leaching from the low-nutrient soil was more sensitive to environmental factors.
As leaching is a major pathway of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in forest soils, we investigated...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint