Articles | Volume 19, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Technical note
| 
14 Dec 2022
Technical note |
| 14 Dec 2022
| 14 Dec 2022
Technical note: No impact of alkenone extraction on foraminiferal stable isotope, trace element and boron isotope geochemistry
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews,
St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
Thomas Tanner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Ivan Hernández Almeida
Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
James W. B. Rae
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews,
St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
Heather Stoll
Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Reto S. Wijker, Pere Aguiló-Nicolau, Madalina Jaggi, Jeroni Galmés, and Heather M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 23, 1591–1608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1591-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1591-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthetic organisms leave characteristic carbon isotope fingerprints that help scientists study Earth’s carbon cycle. We developed a simpler laboratory method to measure these isotope effects in Rubisco, the key enzyme fixing CO2. Applying this approach, we obtained the first measurement for Gephyrocapsa oceanica, a widespread marine alga that plays a major role in ocean carbon cycling.
Daniel J. Lunt, Nicky M. Wright, Bram Vaes, Ulrich Salzmann, James W. B. Rae, Thomas Hickler, David K. Hutchinson, Julia Brugger, Jiang Zhu, Sebastian Steinig, A. Nele Meckler, Gordon N. Inglis, David Evans, Agatha M. de Boer, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Natalie Burls, Yurui Zhang, Appy Sluijs, Tammo Reichgelt, Igor Niezgodzki, Katrin Meissner, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Fanni D. Kelemen, Matthew Huber, David Greenwood, Mattias Green, Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Mauel Tobias Blau, and Michiel Baatsen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6135, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6135, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
The early Eocene, about 50 million years ago, was a super-warm period of Earth's history, with high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Here, we provide a framework and experimental design for climate modellers to carry out a coordinated project, simulating this period. This is the second phase of this project, and here we provide updated maps of the Earth's mountains and ocean floor, and vegetation, to enable more accurate modelling.
Madeleine Santos, Lisa Bröder, Matt O'Regan, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Tommaso Tesi, Lukas Bigler, Negar Haghipour, Daniel B. Nelson, Michael Fritz, and Julie Lattaud
Clim. Past, 22, 187–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-187-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-187-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined how sea ice in the Beaufort Sea has changed over the past 13 000 years to better understand today's rapid losses. By analyzing chemical tracers preserved in seafloor sediments, we found that the Early Holocene was largely ice-free, with warmer waters and lower salinity. Seasonal ice began forming about 7000 years ago and expanded as the climate cooled. These long-term patterns show that continued warming could return the region to mostly ice-free conditions.
Alexander J. Clark, Alba Gonzalez-Lanchas, Kyra Bachmakova, Madalina Jaggi, and Heather M. Stoll
J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 673–692, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-673-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-673-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the thickness of early Eocene calcareous nannofossils and linked it to different depositional environment parameters. Discoasters and placoliths do not respond in the same manner. Carbonate content affects discoasters and induces overgrowth, but palaeowater depth affects placoliths and can induce dissolution. We also find that the ratio of non-overgrown to overgrown Discoaster multiradiatus is a potential quantitative placolith preservation indicator.
Nicolas Tapia, Laura Endres, Madalina Jaggi, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 22, 6861–6875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6861-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6861-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use stalagmites to study past changes in the terrestrial P cycle. Our P records from multiple, coeval stalagmites from Northwest Spain show that the onsets of past abrupt cooling events are characterized by multi-century reproducible peaks in stalagmite P which reflect higher groundwater P/Ca concentrations and enhanced P export, potentially resulting from increased freeze-thaw frequency and more intense infiltration from snowmelt.
Heather M. Stoll, Clara Bolton, Madalina Jaggi, Alfredo Martinez-Garcia, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Clim. Past, 21, 2189–2203, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2189-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2189-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In periods of high atmospheric CO2 many proxies suggest more extreme past polar warming than is simulated by current coupled climate models. Providing new data on high latitude temperatures in the South Atlantic over the last 15 million years using clumped isotope thermometry, we show that absolute temperatures may not have been as warm as indicated by some biomarker based proxy climate records.
José Guitián, Samuel Phelps, Reto S. Wijker, Pratigya J. Polissar, Laura Arnold, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 21, 2115–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2115-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2115-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed from sediments of different ocean sites phytoplankton carbon isotopic fractionation (εp), mainly linked to CO2 variations, during the Oligocene to early Miocene. Data confirm Cenozoic long-term CO2 record but show contrasting relationships with the sea surface temperatures evolution. We evaluate the role of non-CO2 environmental factors such as temperature and nutrients at each site εp, highlighting the complexity of interpreting climate dynamics and CO2 reconstructions.
Nikita Kaushal, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 21, 1633–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Terminations are large-magnitude rapid events triggered in the North Atlantic region that manifest across the global climate system. They provide key examples of climatic teleconnections and dynamics. In this study, we use the SISAL global speleothem database and find that there are sufficient climatic records from key locations to make speleothems a valuable archive for studying terminations and provide instances for more targeted work on speleothem research.
Laura Endres, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Anna L. C. Hughes, Hai Cheng, and Heather Stoll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3911, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3911, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotope data of a precisely dated stalagmite from northwestern Iberia indicate gradual North Atlantic meltwater input during the last glacial maximum, followed by abrupt surges early in the last deglaciation. The first abrupt surge was followed by cooling about 850 years later – unlike later events – which reveals that the Atlantic circulation’s sensitivity to meltwater is variable and related to the evolving background climate boundary conditions.
Lukas Jonkers, Tonke Strack, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Simon D'haenens, Robert Huber, Michal Kucera, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Chloe L. C. Jones, Brett Metcalfe, Rajeev Saraswat, Lóránd Silye, Sanjay K. Verma, Muhamad Naim Abd Malek, Gerald Auer, Cátia F. Barbosa, Maria A. Barcena, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Joeven Austine S. Calvelo, Lucilla Capotondi, Martina Caratelli, Jorge Cardich, Humberto Carvajal-Chitty, Markéta Chroustová, Helen K. Coxall, Renata M. de Mello, Anne de Vernal, Paula Diz, Kirsty M. Edgar, Helena L. Filipsson, Ángela Fraguas, Heather L. Furlong, Giacomo Galli, Natalia L. García Chapori, Robyn Granger, Jeroen Groeneveld, Adil Imam, Rebecca Jackson, David Lazarus, Julie Meilland, Marína Molčan Matejová, Raphael Morard, Caterina Morigi, Sven N. Nielsen, Diana Ochoa, Maria Rose Petrizzo, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, Marina C. Rillo, Matthew L. Staitis, Gamze Tanık, Raúl Tapia, Nishant Vats, Bridget S. Wade, and Anna E. Weinmann
J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 145–168, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-145-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-145-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study provides guidelines improving the reuse of marine microfossil assemblage data, which are valuable for understanding past ecosystems and environmental change. Based on a survey of 113 researchers, we identified key data attributes required for effective reuse. Analysis of a selection of datasets available online reveals a gap between the attributes scientists consider essential and the data currently available, highlighting the need for clearer data documentation and sharing practices.
Judit Torner, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Ana Moreno, Joan O. Grimalt, Francisco J. Sierro, Joan J. Fornós, Hai Cheng, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 21, 465–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We offer a clearer view of the timing of three relevant past glacial terminations. By analyzing the climatic signal recorded in stalagmite and linking it with marine records, we revealed differences in the intensity and duration of the ice melting associated with these three key deglaciations. This study shows that some deglaciations began earlier than previously thought; this improves our understanding of natural climate processes, helping us to contextualize current climate change.
Alexander J. Clark, Ismael Torres-Romero, Madalina Jaggi, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 20, 2081–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coccoliths are abundant in sediments across the world’s oceans, yet it is difficult to apply traditional carbon or oxygen isotope methodologies for temperature reconstructions. We show that our coccolith clumped isotope temperature calibration with well-constrained temperatures systematically differs from inorganic carbonate calibrations. We suggest the use of our well-constrained calibration for future coccolith carbonate temperature reconstructions.
Yuji Kato, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Lara F. Pérez
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 93–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we propose an age framework for an interval of 4.8–3.1 million years ago, using fossil records of marine plankton such as diatoms and radiolarians derived from a sediment core collected in the Southern Ocean. Specifically, a total of 19 bioevents (i.e., extinction/appearance events of selected age marker species) were detected, and their precise ages were calculated. The updated biostratigraphy will contribute to future paleoceanographic work in the Southern Ocean.
Nikita Kaushal, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szűcs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Heather M. Stoll, Leopoldo D. Pena, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, José Guitián, Thomas Tanner, and Heiko Pälike
Clim. Past, 20, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Oligocene and early Miocene periods featured dynamic glacial cycles on Antarctica. In this paper, we use Sr isotopes in marine carbonate sediments to document a change in the location and intensity of continental weathering during short periods of very intense Antarctic glaciation. Potentially, the weathering intensity of old continental rocks on Antarctica was reduced during glaciation. We also show improved age models for correlation of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediments.
Heather M. Stoll, Chris Day, Franziska Lechleitner, Oliver Kost, Laura Endres, Jakub Sliwinski, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Hai Cheng, and Denis Scholz
Clim. Past, 19, 2423–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites formed in caves provide valuable information about past changes in climate and vegetation conditions. In this contribution, we present a new method to better estimate past changes in soil and vegetation productivity using carbon isotopes and trace elements measured in stalagmites. Applying this method to other stalagmites should provide a better indication of past vegetation feedbacks to climate change.
Oliver Kost, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Laura Endres, Negar Haghipour, and Heather Stoll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2227–2255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cave monitoring studies including cave drip water are unique opportunities to sample water which has percolated through the soil and rock. The change in drip water chemistry is resolved over the course of 16 months, inferring seasonal and hydrological variations in soil and karst processes at the water–air and water–rock interface. Such data sets improve the understanding of hydrological and hydrochemical processes and ultimately advance the interpretation of geochemical stalagmite records.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Paula Diz, Víctor González-Guitián, Rita González-Villanueva, Aida Ovejero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 697–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are key components of the ocean benthos and marine sediments. Determining their geographic distribution is highly relevant for improving our understanding of the recent and past ocean benthic ecosystem and establishing adequate conservation strategies. Here, we contribute to this knowledge by generating an open-access database of previously documented quantitative data of benthic foraminifera species from surface sediments of the eastern Pacific (BENFEP).
Eric W. Wolff, Andrea Burke, Laura Crick, Emily A. Doyle, Helen M. Innes, Sue H. Mahony, James W. B. Rae, Mirko Severi, and R. Stephen J. Sparks
Clim. Past, 19, 23–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-23-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-23-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large volcanic eruptions leave an imprint of a spike of sulfate deposition that can be measured in ice cores. Here we use a method that logs the number and size of large eruptions recorded in an Antarctic core in a consistent way through the last 200 000 years. The rate of recorded eruptions is variable but shows no trends. In particular, there is no increase in recorded eruptions during deglaciation periods. This is consistent with most recorded eruptions being from lower latitudes.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Nele Manon Vollmar, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 19, 585–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied recent (sub-)fossil remains of a type of algae (coccolithophores) off southernmost Chile and across the Drake Passage, adding to the scarce knowledge that exists in the Southern Ocean, a rapidly changing environment. We found that those can be used to reconstruct the surface ocean conditions in the north but not in the south. We also found variations in shape in the dominant species Emiliania huxleyi depending on the location, indicating subtle adaptations to environmental conditions.
Laura Crick, Andrea Burke, William Hutchison, Mika Kohno, Kathryn A. Moore, Joel Savarino, Emily A. Doyle, Sue Mahony, Sepp Kipfstuhl, James W. B. Rae, Robert C. J. Steele, R. Stephen J. Sparks, and Eric W. Wolff
Clim. Past, 17, 2119–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The ~ 74 ka eruption of Toba was one of the largest eruptions of the last 100 ka. We have measured the sulfur isotopic composition for 11 Toba eruption candidates in two Antarctic ice cores. Sulfur isotopes allow us to distinguish between large eruptions that have erupted material into the stratosphere and smaller ones that reach lower altitudes. Using this we have identified the events most likely to be Toba and place the eruption on the transition into a cold period in the Northern Hemisphere.
Franziska A. Lechleitner, Christopher C. Day, Oliver Kost, Micah Wilhelm, Negar Haghipour, Gideon M. Henderson, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 17, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a critical but poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle. We analyse the effect of changing soil respiration rates on the stable carbon isotope ratio of speleothems from northern Spain covering the last deglaciation. Using geochemical analysis and forward modelling we quantify the processes affecting speleothem stable carbon isotope ratios and extract a signature of increasing soil respiration synchronous with deglacial warming.
Ana Moreno, Miguel Iglesias, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Carlos Sancho, Heather Stoll, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Cinta Osácar, Arsenio Muñoz, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Ileana Bladé, and Françoise Vimeux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10159–10177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a large and unique dataset of the rainfall isotopic composition at seven sites from northern Iberia to characterize their variability at daily and monthly timescales and to assess the role of climate and geographic factors in the modulation of δ18O values. We found that the origin, moisture uptake along the trajectory and type of precipitation play a key role. These results will help to improve the interpretation of δ18O paleorecords from lacustrine carbonates or speleothems.
Hongrui Zhang, Chuanlian Liu, Luz María Mejía, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 18, 1909–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, 2021
Cited articles
Anand, P., Elderfield, H., and Conte, M. H.: Calibration of
Auderset, A., Schmitt, M., and Martínez-García, A.: Simultaneous
extraction and chromatographic separation of n-alkanes and alkenones from
glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers via selective Accelerated Solvent
Extraction, Organic Geochemistry, 143, 103979,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.103979, 2020.
Badger, M. P. S., Chalk, T. B., Foster, G. L., Bown, P. R., Gibbs, S. J., Sexton, P. F., Schmidt, D. N., Pälike, H., Mackensen, A., and Pancost, R. D.: Insensitivity of alkenone carbon isotopes to atmospheric CO2 at low to moderate CO2 levels, Clim. Past, 15, 539–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, 2019.
Barker, S., Greaves, M., and Elderfield, H.: A study of cleaning procedures
used for foraminiferal
Boyle, E. A.: Cadmium, zinc, copper, and barium in foraminifera tests, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 53,
11–35,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90022-4, 1981.
Boyle, E. A.: Manganese carbonate overgrowths on foraminifera tests, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 47, 1815–1819,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90029-7, 1983.
Branson, O., Kaczmarek, K., Redfern, S. A., Misra, S., Langer, G.,
Tyliszczak, T., Bijma, J., and Elderfield, H.: The coordination and
distribution of B in foraminiferal calcite, Earth Planet. Sc.
Lett., 416, 67–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.02.006, 2015.
Breitenbach, S. F. and Bernasconi, S. M.: Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of small carbonate samples (20 to 100 µg) with a GasBench II preparation device, Rap. Commun. Mass Spectrom., 25, 1910–1914, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5052, 2011.
Davis, C. V., Fehrenbacher, J. S., Hill, T. M., Russell, A. D., and Spero,
H. J.: Relationships Between Temperature, pH, and Crusting on
Davis, C. V., Fehrenbacher, J. S., Benitez-Nelson, C., and Thunell, R. C.:
Trace element heterogeneity across individual planktic foraminifera from the
Modern Cariaco Basin, J. Foram. Res., 50, 204–218,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.204, 2020.
Eggins, S., De Deckker, P., and Marshall, J.:
Eggins, S., Sadekov, A., and De Dekker, P.: Modulation and daily banding of
Elderfield, H. and Ganssen, G.: Past temperature and δ18O of
surface ocean waters inferred from foraminiferal
Foster, G. L.: Seawater pH, pCO2 and [CO2-3] variations in the Caribbean Sea
over the last 130 kyr: A boron isotope and
Foster, G. L. and Rae, J. W. B.: Reconstructing Ocean pH with Boron
Isotopes in Foraminifera, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 44, 207–237,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012226, 2016.
Gray, W. R. and Evans, D.: Nonthermal influences on
Guitián, J., Phelps, S., Polissar, P. J., Ausín, B., Eglinton, T.
I., and Stoll, H. M.: Midlatitude temperature variations in the Oligocene to
early Miocene, Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 34, 1328–1343,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003638, 2019.
Guitián, J. and Stoll, H. M.: Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature in
the Southern Mid-latitudes From Late Oligocene Through Early
Miocene, Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 36, e2020PA004199,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004199, 2021.
Hathorne, E. C., James, R. H., and Lampitt, R. S.: Environmental versus
biomineralization controls on the intratest variation in the trace element
composition of the planktonic foraminifera G. inflata and G.
scitula, Paleoceanography, 24, PA4204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001742,
2009.
Henehan, M. J., Foster, G. L., Bostock, H. C., Greenop, R., Marshall, B. J.,
and Wilson, P. A.: A new boron isotope-pH calibration for Orbulina universa,
with implications for understanding and accounting for `vital effects',
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 454, 282–292,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.024, 2016.
Kiss, E.: Ion-exchange separation and spectrophotometric determination of
boron in geological materials, Anal. Chim. Acta, 211, 243–256,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83684-3, 1988.
Lemarchand, D., Gaillardet, J., Lewin, E., and Allegre, C. J.: Boron isotope
systematics in large rivers: implications for the marine boron budget and
paleo-pH reconstruction over the Cenozoic, Chem. Geol., 190, 123–140,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00114-6, 2002.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally
distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Morse, J. W., Arvidson, R. S., and Lüttge, A.: Calcium Carbonate
Formation and Dissolution, Chem. Rev., 107, 342–381,
https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200719199, 2007.
Norris, R. D., Wilson, P. A., Blum, P., Fehr, A., Agnini, C., Bornemann, A., Boulila, S., Bown, P. R., Cournede, C., Friedrich, O., Ghosh, A. K., Hollis, C. J., Hull, P. M., Jo, K., Junium, C. K., Kaneko, M., Liebrand, D., Lippert, P. C., Liu, Z., Matsui, H., Moriya, K., Nishi, H., Opdyke, B. N., Penman, D., Romans, B., Scher, H. D., Sexton, P., Takagi, H., Turner, S. K., Whiteside, J. H., Yamaguchi, T., and Yamamoto, Y.: Site U1406, edited by: Norris, R. D., Wilson, P. A., Blum, P., and the Expedition 342 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 342, College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program), https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.342.107.2014, 2014.
Nürnberg, D.: Magnesium in test of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral
from high northern and southern latitudes, J. Foram. Res., 25, 350–368,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.25.4.350, 1995.
Pagani, M.: Biomarker-Based Inferences of Past Climate: The Alkenone pCO2
Proxy, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, pp. 361–378,
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01027-5, 2014.
Pena, L. D., Cacho, I., Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Eggins, S., and Sadekov, A.: Characterization of contaminant phases in foraminifera carbonates by electron microprobe mapping, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q07012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002018, 2008.
Petró, S. M., Pivel, M. A. G., and Coimbra, J. C.: Foraminiferal
solubility rankings: A contribution to the search for consensus, J. Foram.
Res., 48, 301–313, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.48.4.301, 2018.
Rae, J. W.: Boron isotopes in Foraminifera: Systematics, biomineralisation,
and CO2 reconstruction, Boron Isotopes, pp. 107–143,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64666-4_5, 2018.
Rae, J. W. B., Burke, A., Robinson, L. F., Adkins, J. F., Chen, T., Cole, C.
Greenop, R., Li, T., Littley, E. F. M., Nita, D. C., Stewart, J. A., and Taylor, B. J.: CO2 storage and release in the deep Southern Ocean on millennial to
centennial timescales, Nature, 562, 569–573,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0614-0, 2018.
Rae, J. W. B., Zhang, Y. G., Liu, X., Foster, G. L., Stoll, H. M., and
Whiteford, R. D. M.: Atmospheric CO2 over the past 66 million years from
marine archives, Annu, Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 49, 609–641,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082420-063026, 2021.
Roberts, N. L., Piotrowski, A. M., Elderfield, H., Eglinton, T. I., and
Lomas, M. W.: Rare earth element association with foraminifera, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 94, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.07.009, 2012.
Rongstad, B. L., Marchitto, T. M., and Herguera, J. C.: Understanding the effects of dissolution on the Mg/Ca paleothermometer in planktic foraminifera: Evidence from a novel individual foraminifera method, Paleoceanography, 32, 1386–1402, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003179, 2017.
Schiebel, R. and Hemleben, C.: Planktic foraminifers in the modern ocean,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50297-6, 2017.
Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., and Damsté, J. S. S.: The organic geochemistry
of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids: A review, Organic
Geochemistry, 54, 19–61,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.09.006, 2013.
Seki, O., Foster, G. L., Schmidt, D. N., Mackensen, A., Kawamura, K., and
Pancost, R. D.: Alkenone and boron-based Pliocene pCO2 records, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 292, 201–211,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.037, 2010.
Shipboard Scientific Party: Site 926, edited by: Curry, W. B., Shackleton, N. J., Richter, C., Backman, J. E., Bassinot, F., Beckert, T., Chaisson, W. P., Cullen, J. L., de Menocal, P., McCullough Dobson, D., Ewert, L., Grutzner, J., King Hagelberg, T., Hampi, G., Harris, S. E., Herbert, T. D., Moran, K., Murayama, M., Murray, D. W., Pearson, P. N., Raffi, I., Schneider, D. A., Tiedemann, R., Valet, J.-P., Weedon, G. P., Yasuda, H., and Zachos, J. C., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 154, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 153–232, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.154.105.1995, 1995.
Shipboard Scientific Party: Site 1168, edited by: Exon, N. F., Kennett, J. P., Malone, M. J., Brinkhuis, H., Chaproniere, G. C. H., Ennyu, A., and Shevenell, A. E., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 189, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.189.103.2001, 2001.
Spero, H. J., Eggins, S. M., Russell, A. D., Vetter, L., Kilburn, M. R.,
and Hönisch, B.: Timing and mechanism for intratest
Steinhardt, J., de Nooijer, L. L., Brummer, G. J., and Reichart, G. J.: Profiling
planktonic foraminiferal crust formation, Geochem. Geophy.
Geosy., 16, 2409–2430, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005752, 2015.
Stewart, J. A., Christopher, S. J., Kucklick, J. R., Bordier, L., Chalk, T.
B., Dapoigny, A., Douville, E., Foster, G. L., Gray, W. R., Greenop, R., Gutjahr, M., Hemsing, F., Henehan, M. J., Holdship, P., Hsieh, Y., Kolevica, A., Lin, Y., Mawbey, E. M., Rae, J. W. B., Robinson, L. F., Shuttleworth, R., You, C., Zhang, S., and Day, R. D: NIST RM 8301 Boron Isotopes in Marine Carbonate
(Simulated Coral and Foraminifera Solutions): Inter-laboratory δ11B
and Trace Element Ratio Value Assignment, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 45,
77–96, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12363, 2021.
Stickley, C. E., Brinkhuis, H., McGonigal, K. L., Chaproniere, G. C. H.,
Fuller, M., Kelly, D. C., Nürnberg, D., Pfuhl, H. A., Schellenberg, S. A., Schoenfeld, J., Szuku, N., Touchard, Y., Wei, W., Williams, G. L., Lara, J., and Stant, S. A.: Late Cretaceous-Quaternary
biomagnetostratigraphy of ODP Sites 1168, 1170, 1171 and 1172, Proceedings
of the Ocean Drilling Program, 189, 1–57,
https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.189.111.2004, 2004.
Stoll, H. M., Guitian, J., Hernandez-Almeida, I., Mejia, L. M., Phelps, S.,
Polissar, P., and Ziveri, P.: Upregulation of phytoplankton carbon
concentrating mechanisms during low CO2 glacial periods and implications for
the phytoplankton pCO2 proxy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 208, 1–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.012, 2019.
Tanner, T., Hernández-Almeida, I., Drury, A. J., Guitián, J., and
Stoll, H.: Decreasing atmospheric CO2 during the late Miocene
cooling, Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 35,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003925, 2020.
van Peer, T. E.: A palaeomagnetic, astrochronological, and environmental
magnetic perspective on Oligocene-Miocene climate, using drift sediments
from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, PhD thesis, University of Southampton,
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/416832 (last access: 22 August 2022), 2017.
Weldeab, S., Lea, D. W., Oberhänsli, H., and Schneider, R. R.: Links between
southwestern tropical Indian Ocean SST and precipitation over southeastern
Africa over the last 17 kyr, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol.
Palaeoecol., 410, 200–212,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.001, 2014.
Wilkens, R. H., Westerhold, T., Drury, A. J., Lyle, M., Gorgas, T., and Tian, J.: Revisiting the Ceara Rise, equatorial Atlantic Ocean: isotope stratigraphy of ODP Leg 154 from 0 to 5 Ma, Clim. Past, 13, 779–793, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-779-2017, 2017.
Zachos, J. C., Quinn, T. M., and Salamy, K. A.: High-resolution (104 years)
deep-sea foraminiferal stable isotope records of the Eocene-Oligocene
climate transition, Paleoceanography, 11, 251–266,
https://doi.org/10.1029/96PA00571, 1996.
Zeebe, R. E. and Rae, J. W. B.: Equilibria, kinetics, and boron isotope
partitioning in the aqueous boric acid–hydrofluoric acid system, Chem. Geol.,
550, 119693, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119693, 2020.
Short summary
Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint