Articles | Volume 22, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-355-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-355-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses
| 
21 Jan 2025
Reviews and syntheses |
| 21 Jan 2025
| 21 Jan 2025
Review and syntheses: Ocean alkalinity enhancement and carbon dioxide removal through marine enhanced rock weathering using olivine
Luna J. J. Geerts
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Geobiology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
Astrid Hylén
Geobiology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
Filip J. R. Meysman
Geobiology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
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Clare Woulds, Dick Van Oevelen, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, and Filip Meysman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3676, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3676, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
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Marine sediments are locations of carbon storage. Only some deposited carbon remains stored, while most is lost as CO2 through respiration by organisms. We report experiments to investigate the organisms responsible for marine sediment respiration. Larger organisms and microbes contributed equally to respiration. The groups competed to feed on fresh carbon. Respiration of older carbon was stimulated when both groups were present, thus burrowing activities allow microbial activity to increase.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Silvia Placitu, Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Astrid Hylén, Mats Eriksson, Per O. J. Hall, and Steeve Bonneville
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3020, 2025
Short summary
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Marine sediments store organic carbon and help regulate climate. Oxygen-depleted waters are thought to enhance this, however West Gotland Basin sediments show low carbon despite such conditions. We studied the role of mineral protection, which can shield carbon from microbes, and found it limited. This suggests that without physical protection, carbon remains accessible and gets degraded, making mineral protection a key factor in carbon preservation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Astrid Hylen, Nils Ekeroth, Hannah Berk, Andy W. Dale, Mikhail Kononets, Wytze K. Lenstra, Aada Palo, Anders Tengberg, Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Stefan Sommer, Caroline P. Slomp, and Per O. J. Hall
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-146, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
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Phosphorus is an essential element for life and its cycling strongly impact primary production. Here, we present a dataset of sediment-water fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus from the Baltic Sea, an area with a long history of eutrophication. The fluxes were measured in situ with three types of benthic chamber landers at 59 stations over 20 years. The data show clear spatial patterns and will be important for marine management and studies on mechanisms in benthic phosphorus cycling.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Tom Huysmans, Filip J. R. Meysman, and Sebastiaan J. van de Velde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-447, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-447, 2025
Short summary
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To examine the potential of "Accelerated Weathering of Limestone" as a carbon capture and storage technique, we compared the different available reactor designs, and assessed their CO2 sequestration efficiencies, resource usage and limitations. We find that large water volumes are required to efficiently remove CO2 from the gas stream and that very small CaCO3 particle sizes and long residence times are required to achieve reasonable CaCO3 dissolution efficiencies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ulf Riebesell, Daniela Basso, Sonja Geilert, Andrew W. Dale, and Matthias Kreuzburg
State Planet, 2-oae2023, 6, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-6-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-6-2023, 2023
Short summary
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Mesocosm experiments represent a highly valuable tool in determining the safe operating space of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) applications. By combining realism and biological complexity with controllability and replication, they provide an ideal OAE test bed and a critical stepping stone towards field applications. Mesocosm approaches can also be helpful in testing the efficacy, efficiency and permanence of OAE applications.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Astrid Hylén, Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Mikhail Kononets, Mingyue Luo, Elin Almroth-Rosell, and Per O. J. Hall
Biogeosciences, 18, 2981–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2981-2021, 2021
Short summary
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Sediments in oxygen-depleted ocean areas release high amounts of phosphorus, feeding algae that consume oxygen upon degradation, leading to further phosphorus release. Oxygenation is thought to trap phosphorus in the sediment and break this feedback. We studied the sediment phosphorus cycle in a previously anoxic area after an inflow of oxic water. Surprisingly, the sediment phosphorus release increased, showing that feedbacks between phosphorus release and oxygen depletion can be hard to break.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Martijn Hermans, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Filip J. R. Meysman, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 17, 5919–5938, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5919-2020, 2020
Short summary
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This paper demonstrates that the recently discovered cable bacteria are capable of using a mineral, known as siderite, as a source for the formation of iron oxides. This work also demonstrates that the activity of cable bacteria can lead to a distinct subsurface layer in the sediment that can be used as a marker for their activity.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
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Marine enhanced rock weathering (mERW) with olivine is a promising method for capturing CO2 from the atmosphere, yet studies in field conditions are lacking. We bridge the gap between theoretical studies and the real-world environment by estimating the predictability of mERW parameters and identifying aspects to consider when applying mERW. A major source of uncertainty is the lack of experimental studies with sediment, which can heavily influence the speed and efficiency of CO2 drawdown.
Marine enhanced rock weathering (mERW) with olivine is a promising method for capturing CO2 from...
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