Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1451-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1451-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2013
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2013
Seasonal patterns in Arctic planktonic metabolism (Fram Strait – Svalbard region)
R. Vaquer-Sunyer
Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
C. M. Duarte
Department of Global Change Research. IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterani d'Estudis Avançats, C/ Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain
The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawle, Australia
J. Holding
Department of Global Change Research. IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterani d'Estudis Avançats, C/ Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain
A. Regaudie-de-Gioux
Department of Global Change Research. IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterani d'Estudis Avançats, C/ Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain
L. S. García-Corral
Department of Global Change Research. IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterani d'Estudis Avançats, C/ Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain
M. Reigstad
Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
P. Wassmann
Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
Related authors
Iris E. Hendriks, Anna Escolano-Moltó, Susana Flecha, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Marlene Wesselmann, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 19, 4619–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrasses are marine plants with the capacity to act as carbon sinks due to their high primary productivity, using carbon for growth. This capacity can play a key role in climate change mitigation. We compiled and published data showing that two Mediterranean seagrass species have different metabolic rates, while the study method influences the rates of the measurements. Most communities act as carbon sinks, while the western basin might be more productive than the eastern Mediterranean.
Neus Garcias-Bonet, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Carlos M. Duarte, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 16, 167–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-167-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-167-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the impact of warming on nitrogen fixation in three key Mediterranean macrophytes by experimentally measuring sediment nitrogen fixation rates at current and projected seawater temperature by 2100 under a scenario of moderate greenhouse gas emissions. The temperature dependence of nitrogen fixation could potentially increase rates by 37 % by the end of the century, with important consequences for primary production in coastal ecosystems.
Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Heather E. Reader, Saraladevi Muthusamy, Markus V. Lindh, Jarone Pinhassi, Daniel J. Conley, and Emma S. Kritzberg
Biogeosciences, 13, 4751–4765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4751-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4751-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen-rich dissolved organic matter inputs from wastewater treatment plant effluents increased bacterial production and decreased primary production and community respiration. Nutrient amendments and seasonally variable environmental conditions lead to shifts in bacterial community composition. Increases in bacterial production and simultaneous decreases in primary production lead to more carbon being consumed in the microbial loop and reduce its availability to sustain the food web.
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Afrah Alothman, Daffne López-Sandoval, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 20, 3613–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates bacterial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation in the Red Sea, an oligotrophic ecosystem, using stable-isotope labeling and spectroscopy. The research reveals that bacterial DIC fixation significantly contributes to total DIC fixation, in the surface and deep water. The study demonstrates that as primary production decreases, the role of bacterial DIC fixation increases, emphasizing its importance with photosynthesis in estimating oceanic carbon dioxide production.
Iris E. Hendriks, Anna Escolano-Moltó, Susana Flecha, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Marlene Wesselmann, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 19, 4619–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrasses are marine plants with the capacity to act as carbon sinks due to their high primary productivity, using carbon for growth. This capacity can play a key role in climate change mitigation. We compiled and published data showing that two Mediterranean seagrass species have different metabolic rates, while the study method influences the rates of the measurements. Most communities act as carbon sinks, while the western basin might be more productive than the eastern Mediterranean.
Nadia Burgoa, Francisco Machín, Ángeles Marrero-Díaz, Ángel Rodríguez-Santana, Antonio Martínez-Marrero, Javier Arístegui, and Carlos Manuel Duarte
Ocean Sci., 16, 483–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-483-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-483-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The main objective of the study is to analyze the export of carbon to the open ocean from the rich waters of the upwelling system of North Africa. South of the Canary Islands, permanent upwelling interacts with other physical processes impacting the main biogeochemical processes. Taking advantage of data from two cruises combined with the outputs of models, important conclusions from the differences observed between seasons are obtained, largely related to changes in the CVFZ in this area.
Celina Burkholz, Neus Garcias-Bonet, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 17, 1717–1730, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1717-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1717-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrass meadows store carbon in their biomass and sediments, but they have also been shown to be sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). We experimentally investigated the effect of warming and prolonged darkness on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) communities. Our results indicated that sublethal warming may lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases from seagrass meadows which may contribute to further enhance global warming.
Kimberlee Baldry, Vincent Saderne, Daniel C. McCorkle, James H. Churchill, Susana Agusti, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 17, 423–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon cycling of coastal ecosystems over large spatial scales is not well measured relative to the open ocean. In this study we measure the carbonate system in the three habitats, to measure ecosystem-driven changes compared to offshore waters. We find (1) 70 % of seagrass meadows and mangrove forests show large ecosystem-driven changes, and (2) mangrove forests show strong and consistent trends over large scales, while seagrass meadows display more variability.
Miguel Agulles, Gabriel Jordà, Burt Jones, Susana Agustí, and Carlos M. Duarte
Ocean Sci., 16, 149–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-149-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Red Sea holds one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world, although fragile and vulnerable to ocean warming. To better understand the long-term variability and trends of temperature in the whole water column, we produce a 3-D gridded temperature product (TEMPERSEA) for the period 1958–2017, based on a large number of in situ observations, covering the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Susana Agustí, Jeffrey W. Krause, Israel A. Marquez, Paul Wassmann, Svein Kristiansen, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 17, 35–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-35-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-35-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that 24 % of the total diatoms community in the Arctic water column (450 m depth) was located below the photic layer. Healthy diatom communities in active spring–bloom stages remained in the photic layer. Dying diatom communities exported a large fraction of the biomass to the aphotic zone, fuelling carbon sequestration and benthic ecosystems in the Arctic. The results of the study conform to a conceptual model where diatoms grow during the bloom until silicic acid stocks are depleted.
Daffne C. López-Sandoval, Katherine Rowe, Paloma Carillo-de-Albonoz, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 16, 2983–2995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2983-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2983-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We addressed how the intertwined effect of temperature and nutrients modulates the metabolic response of planktonic communities in the Red Sea, one of the warmest seas on earth. Our study unveiled that photosynthesis increases at a faster pace than respiration rates for this group of organisms formed by microalgae, bacteria, and drifting animals. This anomaly is likely due to the nature of the basin where the warmest waters are frequently enriched with nutrients, which favours microalgae growth.
Susann Rossbach, Vincent Saderne, Andrea Anton, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 16, 2635–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2635-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2635-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Giant clams including the species Tridacna maxima are unique among bivalves as they live in symbiosis with unicellular algae and generally function as net photoautotrophs. Light is therefore crucial for these species to thrive. We show that net calcification and photosynthetic rates of T. maxima are light dependent, with maximum rates at conditions comparable to 4 m water depth, reflected also in the depth-related distribution in the Red Sea with maximum abundances in shallow sunlit coral reefs.
Neus Garcias-Bonet, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Carlos M. Duarte, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 16, 167–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-167-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-167-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the impact of warming on nitrogen fixation in three key Mediterranean macrophytes by experimentally measuring sediment nitrogen fixation rates at current and projected seawater temperature by 2100 under a scenario of moderate greenhouse gas emissions. The temperature dependence of nitrogen fixation could potentially increase rates by 37 % by the end of the century, with important consequences for primary production in coastal ecosystems.
Neus Garcias-Bonet, Marco Fusi, Muhammad Ali, Dario R. Shaw, Pascal E. Saikaly, Daniele Daffonchio, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 7333–7346, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7333-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7333-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) loads are detrimental for coastal ecosystems. We measured the balance between N losses and gains in a Red Sea seagrass. The N loss was higher than N2 fixed, pointing out the importance of seagrasses in removing N from the system. N2 losses increased with temperature. Therefore, the forecasted warming could increase the N2 flux to the atmosphere, potentially impacting seagrass productivity and their capacity to mitigate climate change but also enhancing their potential N removal.
Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Pere Masqué, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Oscar Serrano, Inés Mazarrasa, Núria Marbà, Catherine E. Lovelock, Paul S. Lavery, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 6791–6818, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6791-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6791-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Efforts to include tidal marsh, mangrove and seagrass ecosystems in existing carbon mitigation strategies are limited by a lack of estimates of carbon accumulation rates (CARs). We discuss the use of 210Pb dating to determine CARs in these habitats, which are often composed of heterogeneous sediments and affected by sedimentary processes. Results show that obtaining reliable geochronologies in these systems is ambitious, but estimates of mean 100-year CARs are mostly secure within 20 % error.
Jeffrey W. Krause, Carlos M. Duarte, Israel A. Marquez, Philipp Assmy, Mar Fernández-Méndez, Ingrid Wiedmann, Paul Wassmann, Svein Kristiansen, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 15, 6503–6517, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6503-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms can dominate the Arctic Ocean spring bloom, the key annual event for regional food webs. Diatom growth requires silicon and this nutrient has been declining in the European Arctic. This study communicates an unprecedented combination of silicon-cycling measurements around Svalbard during the spring and shows that dissolved silicon can limit diatom production. These results suggest an important coupling of silicon and carbon cycling during the spring bloom in the European Arctic.
Mallory A. Sea, Neus Garcias-Bonet, Vincent Saderne, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 5365–5375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5365-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5365-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Mangroves are capable of storing carbon in their roots, leaves, and in the sediment; however they can also emit carbon as greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. In this study, we collected sediment cores and calculated GHG flux rates from mangrove forests along the Red Sea coastline. Using flux rates reported in this study, we determined that Red Sea mangroves are net carbon sinks, storing more carbon than they emit. This study provides rationale to conserve and expand Red Sea mangroves.
Aisling Fontanini, Alexandra Steckbauer, Sam Dupont, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 3717–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3717-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3717-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Invertebrate species of the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden) were exposed to four different treatments (high/low oxygen and low/high CO2) and respiration measured. Respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats and life-history strategies to single and multiple stressors was evaluated. Results show that the responses of the respiration were highly species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiration.
Francesca Iuculano, Carlos Maria Duarte, Núria Marbà, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 14, 5069–5075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5069-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5069-2017, 2017
Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 14, 301–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-301-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-301-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetated coastal habitats (mangroves, seagrass meadows, salt marshes and macroalgal beds) are key contributors to the marine carbon budget, but remain hidden in the representation of the coastal carbon budget. While they have been acknowledged to play an important role in carbon burial, this is small compared to the export flow, which may lead to carbon sequestration beyond these habitats. The carbon fluxes supported by vegetated coastal habitats are globally relevant.
Oscar Serrano, Paul S. Lavery, Carlos M. Duarte, Gary A. Kendrick, Antoni Calafat, Paul H. York, Andy Steven, and Peter I. Macreadie
Biogeosciences, 13, 4915–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4915-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4915-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between organic carbon and mud (i.e. silt and clay) contents in seagrass ecosystems to address whether mud can be used to predict soil C content, thereby enabling robust scaling up exercises at a low cost as part of blue carbon stock assessments. We show that mud is not a universal proxy for blue carbon content in seagrass ecosystems, but it can be used to estimate soil Corg content when low biomass seagrass species (i.e. Zostera, Halodule and Halophila) are present.
Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Heather E. Reader, Saraladevi Muthusamy, Markus V. Lindh, Jarone Pinhassi, Daniel J. Conley, and Emma S. Kritzberg
Biogeosciences, 13, 4751–4765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4751-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4751-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen-rich dissolved organic matter inputs from wastewater treatment plant effluents increased bacterial production and decreased primary production and community respiration. Nutrient amendments and seasonally variable environmental conditions lead to shifts in bacterial community composition. Increases in bacterial production and simultaneous decreases in primary production lead to more carbon being consumed in the microbial loop and reduce its availability to sustain the food web.
Oscar Serrano, Aurora M. Ricart, Paul S. Lavery, Miguel Angel Mateo, Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Pere Masque, Mohammad Rozaimi, Andy Steven, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 13, 4581–4594, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4581-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4581-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The recent focus on carbon (C) trading has intensified interest in "Blue Carbon" – C sequestered by coastal vegetation. However, the factors influencing C storage are poorly understood. The patterns found in this study support that C storage in Posidonia seagrass soils is influenced by interactions of biological, chemical and physical factors within the meadow. We conclude that there is a need to improve global estimates accounting for biogeochemical factors driving variability within habitats.
D. Krause-Jensen, C. M. Duarte, I. E. Hendriks, L. Meire, M. E. Blicher, N. Marbà, and M. K. Sejr
Biogeosciences, 12, 4895–4911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4895-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4895-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean is considered the most vulnerable ecosystem to ocean acidification (OA), but very little information is available on natural variability of pH in the Arctic coastal zone. We report pH variability at various scales in a Greenland fjord. Variability ranged up to 0.2-0.3 pH units horizontally and vertically in the fjord, between seasons and on diel basis in kelp forests and was extreme in tidal pools. Overall, primary producers played a fundamental role in producing mosaics of pH.
A. Regaudie-de-Gioux, S. Sal, and Á. López-Urrutia
Biogeosciences, 12, 1915–1923, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1915-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1915-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We question here is whether phytoplankton community growth rates respond to nutrient concentration in a similar manner to phytoplankton species composing the community, that is, following Monod's model. In situ marine community growth rates in relation to nutrient concentration and the behaviour of a simple multi-species community model show that community growth rate does not follow Monod's model. We observed here that this can be explained as a consequence of change in size structure.
L. S. García-Corral, E. Barber, A. Regaudie-de-Gioux, S. Sal, J. M. Holding, S. Agustí, N. Navarro, P. Serret, P. Mozetič, and C. M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 11, 4529–4540, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4529-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4529-2014, 2014
I. E. Hendriks, Y. S. Olsen, L. Ramajo, L. Basso, A. Steckbauer, T. S. Moore, J. Howard, and C. M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 11, 333–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-333-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-333-2014, 2014
S. Lasternas, M. Piedeleu, P. Sangrà, C. M. Duarte, and S. Agustí
Biogeosciences, 10, 2129–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2129-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2129-2013, 2013
M. Alcaraz, R. Almeda, E. Saiz, A. Calbet, C. M. Duarte, S. Agustí, R. Santiago, and A. Alonso
Biogeosciences, 10, 689–697, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-689-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-689-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California current system during the Quaternary
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Technical note: Enhancement of float-pH data quality control methods: A study case in the Subpolar Northwestern Atlantic region
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling rates in eastern tropical North Pacific
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
North Atlantic patterns of primary production and phenology in two Earth System Models
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Influence of GEOTRACES data distribution and misfit function choice on objective parameter retrieval in a marine zinc cycle model
Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth system models
Early winter barium excess in the southern Indian Ocean as an annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Controlling factors on the global distribution of a representative marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph phylotype (Gamma A)
Summer trends and drivers of sea surface fCO2 and pH changes observed in the southern Indian Ocean over the last two decades (1998–2019)
Global nutrient cycling by commercially targeted marine fish
Major processes of the dissolved cobalt cycle in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean
The impact of the South-East Madagascar Bloom on the oceanic CO2 sink
Nitrite regeneration in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean
Bridging the gaps between particulate backscattering measurements and modeled particulate organic carbon in the ocean
Biological production in two contrasted regions of the Mediterranean Sea during the oligotrophic period: an estimate based on the diel cycle of optical properties measured by BioGeoChemical-Argo profiling floats
Acidification of the Nordic Seas
Reconstruction of global surface ocean pCO2 using region-specific predictors based on a stepwise FFNN regression algorithm
Biogeochemical controls on ammonium accumulation in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean
Oxygen export to the deep ocean following Labrador Sea Water formation
N2 fixation in the Mediterranean Sea related to the composition of the diazotrophic community and impact of dust under present and future environmental conditions
Dissolution of a submarine carbonate platform by a submerged lake of acidic seawater
Seasonal flux patterns and carbon transport from low-oxygen eddies at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory: lessons learned from a time series sediment trap study (2009–2016)
Subsurface iron accumulation and rapid aluminum removal in the Mediterranean following African dust deposition
Long-distance particle transport to the central Ionian Sea
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2915, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2915, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The California current system (CCS) hosts one of the largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) in the world. Here, anaerobic bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N). This study shows N-loss occurred in the CCS throughout the Quaternary during both glacial and interglacial periods, and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-132, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that matches about the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-76, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-76, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit on these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float-pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-64, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-64, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-54, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-54, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the seasonality of primary production has been examined using daily data from two earth system models covering the period 1750–2100. The daily data made it possible to detect shifts in the day of the year during which the net primary production reaches its peak value. It was found that the day of peak primary production occurs earlier and earlier during the 21st century and that a major change in the time series occurs in the beginning of the 21st century.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Zuozhu Wen, Thomas J. Browning, Rongbo Dai, Wenwei Wu, Weiying Li, Xiaohua Hu, Wenfang Lin, Lifang Wang, Xin Liu, Zhimian Cao, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5237–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Claudia Eisenring, Sophy E. Oliver, Samar Khatiwala, and Gregory F. de Souza
Biogeosciences, 19, 5079–5106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Given the sparsity of observational constraints on micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), we assess the sensitivities of a framework for objective parameter optimisation in an oceanic Zn cycling model. Our ensemble of optimisations towards synthetic data with varying kinds of uncertainty shows that deficiencies related to model complexity and the choice of the misfit function generally have a greater impact on the retrieval of model Zn uptake behaviour than does the limitation of data coverage.
Yoshikazu Sasai, Sherwood Lan Smith, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4865–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the adaptive response of phytoplankton growth to changing light, nutrients, and temperature over the North Pacific using two physical-biological models. We compare modeled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible control model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C):nitrogen (N):chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C:N:Chl ratios.
Jens Terhaar, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4431–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of the ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon vary across various approaches. We show that the global ocean carbon sink can be estimated by three parameters, two of which approximate the ocean ventilation in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and one of which approximates the chemical capacity of the ocean to take up carbon. With observations of these parameters, we estimate that the global ocean carbon sink is 10 % larger than previously assumed, and we cut uncertainties in half.
Natasha René van Horsten, Hélène Planquette, Géraldine Sarthou, Thomas James Ryan-Keogh, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Thato Nicholas Mtshali, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Eva Bucciarelli
Biogeosciences, 19, 3209–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remineralisation proxy, barite, was measured along 30°E in the southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter. To our knowledge this is the first reported Southern Ocean winter study. Concentrations throughout the water column were comparable to observations during spring to autumn. By linking satellite primary production to this proxy a possible annual timescale is proposed. These findings also suggest possible carbon remineralisation from satellite data on a basin scale.
Zhibo Shao and Ya-Wei Luo
Biogeosciences, 19, 2939–2952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) may be an important player in fixing N2 in the ocean. By conducting meta-analyses, we found that a representative marine NCD phylotype, Gamma A, tends to inhabit ocean environments with high productivity, low iron concentration and high light intensity. It also appears to be more abundant inside cyclonic eddies. Our study suggests a niche differentiation of NCDs from cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the latter prefers low-productivity and high-iron oceans.
Coraline Leseurre, Claire Lo Monaco, Gilles Reverdin, Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, and Léa Benito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2599–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Decadal trends of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total carbon (CT) and pH in surface waters are investigated in different domains of the southern Indian Ocean (45°S–57°S) from ongoing and station observations regularly conducted in summer over the period 1998–2019. The fCO2 increase and pH decrease are mainly driven by anthropogenic CO2 estimated just below the summer mixed layer, as well as by a warming south of the polar front or in the fertilized waters near Kerguelen Island.
Priscilla Le Mézo, Jérôme Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, and Eric Galbraith
Biogeosciences, 19, 2537–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the role of commercially targeted fish biomass in the cycling of three important nutrients (N, P, and Fe), relative to nutrients otherwise available in water and to nutrients required by primary producers, and the impact of fishing. We use a model of commercially targeted fish biomass constrained by fish catch and stock assessment data to assess the contributions of fish at the global scale, at the time of the global peak catch and prior to industrial fishing.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Nicolas Metzl, Claire Lo Monaco, Coraline Leseurre, Céline Ridame, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, Marion Gehlen, and Thi Tuyet Trang Chau
Biogeosciences, 19, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During an oceanographic cruise conducted in January 2020 in the south-western Indian Ocean, we observed very low CO2 concentrations associated with a strong phytoplankton bloom that occurred south-east of Madagascar. This biological event led to a strong regional CO2 ocean sink not previously observed.
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Martí Galí, Marcus Falls, Hervé Claustre, Olivier Aumont, and Raffaele Bernardello
Biogeosciences, 19, 1245–1275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Part of the organic matter produced by plankton in the upper ocean is exported to the deep ocean. This process, known as the biological carbon pump, is key for the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and global climate. However, the dynamics of organic particles below the upper ocean layer are not well understood. Here we compared the measurements acquired by autonomous robots in the top 1000 m of the ocean to a numerical model, which can help improve future climate projections.
Marie Barbieux, Julia Uitz, Alexandre Mignot, Collin Roesler, Hervé Claustre, Bernard Gentili, Vincent Taillandier, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Hubert Loisel, Antoine Poteau, Edouard Leymarie, Christophe Penkerc'h, Catherine Schmechtig, and Annick Bricaud
Biogeosciences, 19, 1165–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses marine biological production in two Mediterranean systems representative of vast desert-like (oligotrophic) areas encountered in the global ocean. We use a novel approach based on non-intrusive high-frequency in situ measurements by two profiling robots, the BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Our results indicate substantial yet variable production rates and contribution to the whole water column of the subsurface layer, typically considered steady and non-productive.
Filippa Fransner, Friederike Fröb, Jerry Tjiputra, Nadine Goris, Siv K. Lauvset, Ingunn Skjelvan, Emil Jeansson, Abdirahman Omar, Melissa Chierici, Elizabeth Jones, Agneta Fransson, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Truls Johannessen, and Are Olsen
Biogeosciences, 19, 979–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification, a direct consequence of the CO2 release by human activities, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of the acidification of the Nordic Seas, from 1850 to 2100, by using a large set of samples taken during research cruises together with numerical model simulations. We estimate the effects of changes in different environmental factors on the rate of acidification and its potential effects on cold-water corals.
Guorong Zhong, Xuegang Li, Jinming Song, Baoxiao Qu, Fan Wang, Yanjun Wang, Bin Zhang, Xiaoxia Sun, Wuchang Zhang, Zhenyan Wang, Jun Ma, Huamao Yuan, and Liqin Duan
Biogeosciences, 19, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A predictor selection algorithm was constructed to decrease the predicting error in the surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) mapping by finding better combinations of pCO2 predictors in different regions. Compared with previous research using the same combination of predictors in all regions, using different predictors selected by the algorithm in different regions can effectively decrease pCO2 predicting errors.
Shantelle Smith, Katye E. Altieri, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, David R. Walker, Ruan G. Parrott, Sedick Gallie, Kurt A. M. Spence, Jessica M. Burger, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 19, 715–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium is a crucial yet poorly understood component of the Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle. We attribute our finding of consistently high ammonium concentrations in the winter mixed layer to limited ammonium consumption and sustained ammonium production, conditions under which the Southern Ocean becomes a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. From similar data collected over an annual cycle, we propose a seasonal cycle for ammonium in shallow polar waters – a first for the Southern Ocean.
Jannes Koelling, Dariia Atamanchuk, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia Handmann, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 19, 437–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-437-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-437-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate oxygen variability in the deep western boundary current in the Labrador Sea from multiyear moored records. We estimate that about half of the oxygen taken up in the interior Labrador Sea by air–sea gas exchange during deep water formation is exported southward the same year. Our results underline the complexity of the oxygen uptake and export in the Labrador Sea and highlight the important role this region plays in supplying oxygen to the deep ocean.
Céline Ridame, Julie Dinasquet, Søren Hallstrøm, Estelle Bigeard, Lasse Riemann, France Van Wambeke, Matthieu Bressac, Elvira Pulido-Villena, Vincent Taillandier, Fréderic Gazeau, Antonio Tovar-Sanchez, Anne-Claire Baudoux, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 19, 415–435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show that in the Mediterranean Sea spatial variability in N2 fixation is related to the diazotrophic community composition reflecting different nutrient requirements among species. Nutrient supply by Saharan dust is of great importance to diazotrophs, as shown by the strong stimulation of N2 fixation after a simulated dust event under present and future climate conditions; the magnitude of stimulation depends on the degree of limitation related to the diazotrophic community composition.
Matthew P. Humphreys, Erik H. Meesters, Henk de Haas, Szabina Karancz, Louise Delaigue, Karel Bakker, Gerard Duineveld, Siham de Goeyse, Andreas F. Haas, Furu Mienis, Sharyn Ossebaar, and Fleur C. van Duyl
Biogeosciences, 19, 347–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-347-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-347-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A series of submarine sinkholes were recently discovered on Luymes Bank, part of Saba Bank, a carbonate platform in the Caribbean Netherlands. Here, we investigate the waters inside these sinkholes for the first time. One of the sinkholes contained a body of dense, low-oxygen and low-pH water, which we call the
acid lake. We use measurements of seawater chemistry to work out what processes were responsible for forming the acid lake and discuss the consequences for the carbonate platform.
Gerhard Fischer, Oscar E. Romero, Johannes Karstensen, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Nasrollah Moradi, Morten Iversen, Götz Ruhland, Marco Klann, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 6479–6500, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Low-oxygen eddies in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic can form an oasis for phytoplankton growth. Here we report on particle flux dynamics at the oligotrophic Cape Verde Ocean Observatory. We observed consistent flux patterns during the passages of low-oxygen eddies. We found distinct flux peaks in late winter, clearly exceeding background fluxes. Our findings suggest that the low-oxygen eddies sequester higher organic carbon than expected for oligotrophic settings.
Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Nathalie Leblond, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Céline Ridame, Vincent Taillandier, Samuel Albani, Sophie Guasco, Aurélie Dufour, Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, François Dulac, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 6435–6453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of iron in about 50 % of the ocean. Atmospheric deposition of desert dust represents a key source of iron. Here, we present direct observations of dust deposition in the Mediterranean Sea. A key finding is that the input of iron from dust primarily occurred in the deep ocean, while previous studies mainly focused on the ocean surface. This new insight will enable us to better represent controls on global marine productivity in models.
Léo Berline, Andrea Michelangelo Doglioli, Anne Petrenko, Stéphanie Barrillon, Boris Espinasse, Frederic A. C. Le Moigne, François Simon-Bot, Melilotus Thyssen, and François Carlotti
Biogeosciences, 18, 6377–6392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
While the Ionian Sea is considered a nutrient-depleted and low-phytoplankton biomass area, it is a crossroad for water mass circulation. In the central Ionian Sea, we observed a strong contrast in particle distribution across a ~100 km long transect. Using remote sensing and Lagrangian simulations, we suggest that this contrast finds its origin in the long-distance transport of particles from the north, west and east of the Ionian Sea, where phytoplankton production was more intense.
Cited articles
ACIA: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Impacts of a warming arctic: Arctic climate impact assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2004.
Agusti, S. and Duarte, C. M.: Threshold of gross primary production for planktonic metabolic balance in the Southern Ocean: An experimental test, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1334–1339, 2005.
Agusti, S., Satta, M. P., and Mura, M. P.: Summer community respiration and pelagic metabolism in upper surface Antarctic waters, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 35, 197–205, 2004.
Alcaraz, M., Almeda, R., Calbet, A., Saiz, E., Duarte, C. M., Lasternas, S., Agustí, S., Santiago, R., Movilla, J., and Alonso, A.: The role of arctic zooplankton in biogeochemical cycles: respiration and excretion of ammonia and phosphate during summer, Polar Biol., 33, 1719–1731, 2010.
Alexander, V.: Primary productivity regimes of the nearshore Beaufort Sea, with reference to potential roles of ice biota, in: The coast and shelf of the Beaufort Sea, edited by: Reed J. C. and Sater, J. E., The Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary, Alberta, 609–632, 1974.
Apollonio, S.: Primary Production in Dumbbell Bay in the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Biol., 61, 41–51, 1980.
Ardyna, M., Gosselin, M., Michel, C., Poulin, M., and Tremblay, J. E.: Environmental forcing of phytoplankton community structure and function in the Canadian High Arctic: contrasting oligotrophic and eutrophic regions, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 442, 37–57, 2011.
Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., and Pabi, S.: Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine primary production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035028, 2008.
Azam, F., Smith, D. C., and Hollibaugh, J. T.: The Role of the Microbial Loop in Antarctic Pelagic Ecosystems, Polar Res., 10, 239–243, 1991.
Azam, F., Smith, D. C., Steward, G. F., and Hagstrom, A.: Bacteria – Organic-Matter Coupling and Its Significance for Oceanic Carbon Cycling, Microb. Ecol., 28, 167–179, 1994.
Bender, M. L.: Oceanography – Tracer from the sky, Science, 288, 1977–1978, 2000.
Benner, R., Louchouarn, P., and Amon, R. M. W.: Terrigenous dissolved organic matter in the Arctic Ocean and its transport to surface and deep waters of the North Atlantic, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB2025, https://doi.org/2010.1029/2004GB002398, 2005.
Boyer Montegut, C. D., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., Lazar, A., and Iudicone, D.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans., 109, C12003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004.
Brown, J. H., Gillooly, J. F., Allen, A. P., Savage, V. M., and West, G. B.: Toward a metabolic theory of ecology, Ecology, 85, 1771–1789, 2004.
Brown, Z. W., van Dijken, G. L., and Arrigo, K. R.: A reassessment of primary production and environmental change in the Bering Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C08014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006766, 2011.
Cade, B. S. and Noon, B. R.: A gentle introduction to quantile regression for ecologists, Front. Ecol. Environ., 1, 412–420, 2003.
Carmack, E. and Wassmann, P.: Food webs and physical-biological coupling on pan-Arctic shelves: Unifying concepts and comprehensive perspectives, Prog. Oceanogr., 71, 446–477, 2006.
Carmack, E., Barber, D., Christensen, J., Macdonald, R., Rudels, B., and Sakshaug, E.: Climate variability and physical forcing of the food webs and the carbon budget on panarctic shelves, Prog. Oceanogr., 71, 145–181, 2006.
Carritt, D. E. and Carpenter, J.: Comparison and Evaluation of Currently Employed Modifications of Winkler Method for Determining Dissolved Oxygen in Seawater – a Nasco Report, J. Mar. Res., 24, 286–318, 1966.
Cole, J. J., Pace, M. L., Carpenter, S. R., and Kitchell, J. F.: Persistence of net heterotrophy in lakes during nutrient addition and food web manipulations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1718–1730, 2000.
Cooper, L. W., Benner, R., McClelland, J. W., Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., Raymond, P. A., Hansell, D. A., Grebmeier, J. M., and Codispoti, L. A.: Linkages among runoff, dissolved organic carbon, and the stable oxygen isotope composition of seawater and other water mass indicators in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 110, G02013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000031, 2005.
Cota, G. F., Pomeroy, L. R., Harrison, W. G., Jones, E. P., Peters, F., Sheldon, W. M., and Weingartner, T. R.: Nutrients, primary production and microbial heterotrophy in the southeastern Chukchi Sea: Arctic summer nutrient depletion and heterotrophy, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 135, 247–258, 1996.
Cottier, F. R., Nilsen, F., Inall, M. E., Gerland, S., Tverberg, V., and Svendsen, H.: Wintertime warming of an Arctic shelf in response to large-scale atmospheric circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L10607, https://doi.org/10610.11029/12007GL029948, 2007.
Cottrell, M. T., Malmstrom, R. R., Hill, V., Parker, A. E., and Kirchman, D. L.: The metabolic balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in the western Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. I, 53, 1831–1844, 2006.
Dickson, M. J. and Orchardo J.: Oxygen production and respiration in the Antarctic Polar Front region during the austral spring and summer, Deep Sea Res. II, 48, 4101–4126, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00082-0, 2001.
Dmitrenko, I. A., Polyakov, I. V., Kirillov, S. A., Timokhov, L. A., Frolov, I. E., Sokolov, V. T., Simmons, H. L., Ivanov, V. V., and Walsh, D.: Toward a warmer Arctic Ocean: Spreading of the early 21st century Atlantic Water warm anomaly along the Eurasian Basin margins, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, C05023, https://doi.org/05010.01029/02007JC004158, 2008.
Duarte, C. M. and Agusti, S.: The CO2 balance of unproductive aquatic ecosystems, Science, 281, 234–236, 1998.
Duarte, C. M. and Regaudie-de-Gioux, A.: Thresholds of Gross Primary Production for the Metabolic Balance of Marine Planktonic Communities, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 1015–1022, 2009.
Duarte, C. M., A. Regaudie-de-Gioux, J. M. Arrieta, A. Delgado-Huertas, and S. Agustí: The oligotrophic ocean is heterotrophic, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 18.1–18.19, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172337, 2012.
Edwards, M. and Richardson, A. J.: Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch, Nature, 430, 881–884, 2004.
Ellingsen, I. H., Dalpadado, P., Slagstad, D., and Loeng, H.: Impact of climatic change on the biological production in the Barents Sea, Clim. Change, 87, 155–175, 2008.
English, T. S.: Some biological oceanographic observations in the central North Polar Sea. Drift Station Alpha, 1957–1958, Arctic Institute of North America, Research Paper, 13, 8–80, 1961.
Falk-Petersen, S., Sargent, J. R., Henderson, J., Hegseth, E. N., Hop, H., and Okolodkov, Y. B.: Lipids and fatty acids in ice algae and phytoplankton from the Marginal Ice Zone in the Barents Sea, Polar Biol., 20, 41–47, 1998.
Fogg, G. E. and Calvario-Martinez, O.: Effects of Bottle Size in Determinations of Primary Productivity by Phytoplankton, Hydrobiologia, 173, 89–94, 1989.
Friedrich, H., Houssais, M. N., Quadfasel, D., and Rudels, B.: On Fram Strait Water Masses, Extended Abstract, Nordic Seas, Symposium, Hamburg, 7–9 March 1995, 69–72, 1995.
Garcia-Martin, E. E., Serret, P., and Perez-Lorenzo, M.: Testing potential bias in marine plankton respiration rates by dark bottle incubations in the NW Iberian shelf: incubation time and bottle volume, Cont. Shelf Res., 31, 496–506, 2011.
Gasol, J. M., Pinhassi, J., Alonso-Saez, L., Ducklow, H., Herndl, G. J., Koblizek, M., Labrenz, M., Luo, Y., Moran, X. A. G., Reinthaler, T., and Simon, M.: Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 53, 21–38, 2008.
Gosselin, M., Levasseur, M., Wheeler, P. A., Horner, R. A., and Booth, B. C.: New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal production in the Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. II, 44, 1623–1644, 1997.
Grande, K. D., Marra, J., Langdon, C., Heinemann, K., and Bender, M. L.: Rates of Respiration in the Light Measured in Marine-Phytoplankton Using an O-18 Isotope-Labeling Technique, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 129, 95–120, 1989.
Hameedi, M. J.: Aspects of Water Column Primary Productivity in Chukchi Sea during Summer, Mar. Biol., 48, 37–46, 1978.
Hammes, F., Vital, M., and Egli, T.: Critical Evaluation of the Volumetric "Bottle Effect" on Microbial Batch Growth, Appl. Environ. Microb., 76, 1278–1281, 2010.
Hansell, D. A., Kadko, D., and Bates, N. R.: Degradation of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon in the western Arctic Ocean, Science, 304, 858–861, 2004.
Harris, L. A., Duarte, C. M., and Nixon, S. W.: Allometric laws and prediction in estuarine and coastal ecology, Estuaries Coasts, 29, 340–344, 2006.
Harrison, W. G., Platt, T., and Irwin, B.: Primary Production and Nutrient Assimilation by Natural Phytoplankton Populations of the Eastern Canadian Arctic, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 39, 335–345, 1982.
Hegseth, E. N.: Primary production of the northern Barents Sea, Polar Res., 17, 113–123, 1998.
Hendricks, M. B., Bender, M. L., and Barnett, B. A.: Net and gross O2 production in the Southern Ocean from measurements of biological O2 saturation and its triple isotope composition, Deep-Sea Res. I, 51, 1541–1561, 2004.
Hinder, S. L., Manning, J. E., Gravenor, M. B., Edwards, M., Walne, A. W., Burkill, P. H., and Hays, G. C.: Long-term changes in abundance and distribution of microzooplankton in the NE Atlantic and North Sea, J. Plankton. Res., 34, 83–91, 2012.
Hodal, H. and Kristiansen, S.: The importance of small-celled phytoplankton in spring blooms at the marginal ice zone in the northern Barents Sea, Deep-Sea Res. II, 55, 2176–2185, 2008.
Holding, J. M., Duarte, C. M., Arrieta, J. M., Vaquer-Sunyer, R., Coello-Camba, A., Wassmann, P., and Agustí, S.: Experimentally determined temperature thresholds for Arctic plankton community metabolism, Biogeosciences, 10, 357–370, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-357-2013, 2013.
Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Raymond, P. A., Frazer, B. B., Peterson, B. J., and Stieglitz, M.: Lability of DOC transported by Alaskan rivers to the arctic ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032837, 2008.
Hood, E., Fellman, J., Spencer, R. G. M., Hernes, P. J., Edwards, R., D'Amore, D., and Scott, D.: Glaciers as a source of ancient and labile organic matter to the marine environment, Nature, 462, 1044–1047, 2009.
Hop, H., Falk-Petersen, S., Svendsen, H., Kwasniewski, S., Pavlov, V., Pavlova, O., and Soreide, J. E.: Physical and biological characteristics of the pelagic system across Fram Strait to Kongsfjorden, Prog. Oceanogr., 71, 182–231, 2006.
Horner, R. and Schrader, G. C.: Relative Contributions of Ice Algae, Phytoplankton, and Benthic Microalgae to Primary Production in Nearshore Regions of the Beaufort Sea, Arctic, 35, 485–503, 1982.
Houghton, J.: Global warming, Rep. Prog. Phys., 68, 1343–1403, 2005.
Iriberri, J., Undurraga, A., Muela, A., and Egea, L.: Heterotrophic Bacterial-Activity in Coastal Waters – Functional-Relationship of Temperature and Phytoplankton Population, Ecol. Model., 28, 113–120, 1985.
Ishii, M., Inoue, H. Y., Matsueda, H., and Tanoue, E.: Close coupling between seasonal biological production and dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Indian Ocean sector and the western Pacific Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. I, 45, 1187–1209, 1998.
Ivanov, V. V., Polyakov, I. V., Dmitrenko, I. A., Hansen, E., Repina, I. A., Kirillov, S. A., Mauritzen, C., Simmons, H., and Timokhov, L. A.: Seasonal variability in Atlantic Water off Spitsbergen, Deep-Sea Res. I, 56, 1–14, 2009.
Juranek, L. W. and Quay, P. D.: In vitro and in situ gross primary and net community production in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using labeled and natural abundance isotopes of dissolved O2, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB3009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002384, 2005.
Kerr, R. A.: Climate change – Is battered Arctic sea ice down for the count?, Science, 318, 33–34, 2007.
Kirk, J. T. O.: Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.
Koenker, R.: Quantile Regression, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York., 1st Edn., 349 pp., 2005.
Kritzberg, E. S., Duarte, C. M., and Wassmann, P.: Changes in Arctic marine bacterial carbon metabolism in response to increasing temperature, Polar Biol., 33, 1673-1682, 2010.
Kwok, R., Cunningham, G. F., Wensnahan, M., Rigor, I., Zwally, H. J., and Yi, D.: Thinning and volume loss of the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover: 2003–2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 114, C07005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005312, 2009.
Lasternas, S., Agusti, S., and Duarte, C. M.: Phyto- and bacterioplankton abundance and viability and their relationship with phosphorus across the Mediterranean Sea, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 60, 175–191, 2010.
Lavoie, D., MacDonald, R. W., and Denman, K. L.: Primary productivity and export fluxes on the Canadian shelf of the Beaufort Sea: A modelling study, J. Marine Syst., 75, 17–32, 2009.
Lefèvre, D., Guigue, C., and Obernosterer, I.: The metabolic balance at two contrasting sites in the Southern Ocean: The iron-fertilized Kerguelen area and HNLC waters, Deep Sea Res. II, 55, 766–776, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.006, 2008.
Letscher, R. T., Hansell, D. A., and Kadko, D.: Rapid removal of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon over the Eurasian shelves of the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 123, 78–87, 2011.
Lopez-Urrutia, A., San Martin, E., Harris, R. P., and Irigoien, X.: Scaling the metabolic balance of the oceans, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 8739–8744, 2006.
Luz, B. and Barkan, E.: Assessment of oceanic productivity with the triple-isotope composition of dissolved oxygen, Science, 288, 2028–2031, 2000.
Massana, R., Pedros-Alio, C., Casamayor, E. O., and Gasol, J. M.: Changes in marine bacterioplankton phylogenetic composition during incubations designed to measure biogeochemically significant parameters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1181–1188, 2001.
Matsuoka, A., Larouche, P., Poulin, M., Vincent, W., and Hattori, H.: Phytoplankton community adaptation to changing light levels in the southern Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic, Estuar. Coast Shelf. S., 82, 537–546, 2009.
Montoya, J. M. and Raffaelli, D.: Climate change, biotic interactions and ecosystem services, Philos. T. R. Soc. B., 365, 2013–2018, 2010.
Montes-Hugo, M., Doney, S. C., Ducklow, H. W., Fraser, W., Martinson, D., Stammerjohn, S. E., and Schofield, O.: Recent Changes in Phytoplankton Communities Associated with Rapid Regional Climate Change Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, Science, 323, 1470–1473, 2009.
Montes-Hugo, M., Sweeney, C., Doney, S. C., Ducklow, H., Frouin, R., Martinson, D. G., Stammerjohn, S., and Schofield, O.: Seasonal forcing of summer dissolved inorganic carbon and chlorophyll a on the western shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C03024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005267, 2010.
Müren, U., Berglund, J., Samuelsson, K., and Andersson, A.: Potential effects of elevated sea-water temperature on pelagic food webs, Hydrobiologia, 545, 153–166, 2005.
Nguyen, D. and Maranger, R.: Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in Arctic sea ice, Polar Biol., 34, 1843–1855, 2011.
Olli, K., Wassmann, P., Reigstad, M., Ratkova, T. N., Arashkevich, E., Pasternak, A., Matrai, P. A., Knulst, J., Tranvik, L., Klais, R., and Jacobsen, A.: The fate of production in the central Arctic Ocean – Top-down regulation by zooplankton expatriates?, Prog. Oceanogr., 72, 84–113, 2007.
Ortega-Retuerta, E., Reche, I., Pulido-Villena, E., Agusti, S., and Duarte, C. M.: Exploring the relationship between active bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 52, 99–106, 2008.
Oudot, C., Gerard, R., Morin, P., and Gningue, I.: Precise Shipboard Determination of Dissolved-Oxygen (Winkler Procedure) for Productivity Studies with a Commercial System, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 146–150, 1988.
Pabi, S., van Dijken, G. L., and Arrigo, K. R.: Primary production in the Arctic Ocean, 1998–2006, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C08005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004578, 2008.
Pace, M. L. and Prairie, Y. T.: Respiration in lakes, in: Respiration in aquatic ecosystems, edited by: del Giorgio, P. A. and Williams, P. J. leB., Oxford University Press, 103–121, 2005.
Parsons, T. R. M. and Lalli, C. M.: A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis, Pergamon international library of science, technology, engineering and social studies, Oxford [Oxfordshire], Pergamon Press, New York, 1984.
Pernthaler, J. and Amann, R.: Fate of heterotrophic microbes in pelagic habitats: Focus on populations, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. R., 69, 440–461, 2005.
Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Vorosmarty, C. J., Lammers, R. B., Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, I. A., and Rahmstorf, S.: Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean, Science, 298, 2171–2173, 2002.
Prairie, Y. T. and Bird, D. F.: Some Misconceptions About the Spurious Correlation-Problem in the Ecological Literature, Oecologia, 81, 285–288, 1989.
Pringault, O., Tassas, V., and Rochelle-Newall, E.: Consequences of respiration in the light on the determination of production in pelagic systems, Biogeosciences, 4, 105-114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-105-2007, 2007.
Quay, P. D., Emerson, S., Wilbur, D. O., Stump, C., and Knox, M.: The Delta-O-18 of Dissolved O2 in the Surface Waters of the Sub-Arctic Pacific – a Tracer of Biological Productivity, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 98, 8447–8458, 1993.
Rachold, V., Eicken, H., Gordeev, V., Grigoriev, M., Hubberten, H., Lisitzin, A., Shevchenko, V., and Shirrmeister, L.: Modern Terrigenous Organic Carbon Input to the Arctic Ocean, in: The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean, edited by: Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W., Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 33–55, 2004.
Rao, D. V. S. and Platt, T.: Primary Production of Arctic Waters, Polar Biol., 3, 191–201, 1984.
Regaudie-de-Gioux, A. and Duarte, C. M.: Plankton metabolism in the Greenland Sea during the polar summer of 2007, Polar Biol., 33, 1651–1660, 2010.
Reigstad, M., Wassmann, P., Riser, C. W., Oygarden, S., and Rey, F.: Variations in hydrography, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the marginal ice-zone and the central Barents Sea, J. Marine Syst., 38, 9–29, 2002.
Reuer, M. K., Barnett, B. A., Bender, M. L., Falkowski, P. G., and Hendricks, M. B.: New estimates of Southern Ocean biological production rates from O2/Ar ratios and the triple isotope composition of O2, Deep-Sea Res. I, 54, 951–974, 2007.
Robinson, C. and Williams, P. J. B.: Respiration and its measurement in surface marine waters, 147–180, in: Respiration in aquatic ecosystems, edited by: del Giorgio, P. A. and Williams, P. J. leB., Oxford University Press, 148–178, 2005.
Robinson, C., Archer, S. D., and Williams, P. J. L.: Microbial dynamics in coastal waters of East Antarctica: plankton production and respiration, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 180, 23–36, 1999.
Rudels, B., Bjork, G., Muench, R. D., and Schauer, U.: Double-diffusive layering in the Eurasian basin of the Arctic Ocean, J. Marine Syst., 21, 3–27, 1999.
Rudels, B., Meyer, R., Fahrbach, E., Ivanov, V. V., Osterhus, S., Quadfasel, D., Schauer, U., Tverberg, V., and Woodgate, R. A.: Water mass distribution in Fram Strait and over the Yermak Plateau in summer 1997, Ann. Geophys-Atm. Hydr., 18, 687–705, 2000.
Sakshaug, E.: Biomass and productivity distributions and their variability in the Barents Sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 54, 341–350, 1997.
Sakshaug, E.: Primary and secondary production in the Arctic Seas, in: The organic carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean, editd by: Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W., Springer, New York, 57–81, 2004.
Sakshaug, E. and Slagstad, D.: Light and Productivity of Phytoplankton in Polar Marine Ecosystems – a Physiological View, Polar Res., 10, 69–85, 1991.
Sakshaug, E., Bjorge, A., Gulliksen, B., Loeng, H., and Mehlum, F.: Structure, Biomass Distribution, and Energetics of the Pelagic Ecosystem in the Barents Sea – a Synopsis, Polar Biol., 14, 405–411, 1994.
Schlichtholz, P. and Houssais, M. N.: An overview of the theta-S correlations in Fram Strait based on the MIZEX 84 data, Oceanologia, 44, 243–272, 2002.
Seuthe, L., Topper, B., Reigstad, M., Thyrhaug, R., and Vaquer-Sunyer, R.: Microbial communities and processes in ice-covered Arctic waters of the northwestern Fram Strait (75–80° N) during the vernal pre-bloom phase, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 64, 253–266, 2011.
Sherr, B. F. and Sherr, E. B.: Community respiration/production and bacterial activity in the upper water column of the central Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. I, 50, 529–542, 2003.
Sokolova, S. A. and Solovyeva, A. A.: Primary Production in Dalnezelenetskaya Bay (Murman Coast) in 1967, Oceanology-USSR, 11, 386–395, 1971.
Sondergaard, M., Stedmon, C. A., and Borch, N. H.: Fate of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in estuaries: Aggregation and bioavailability, Ophelia, 57, 161–176, 2003.
Spencer, R. G. M., Aiken, G. R., Butler, K. D., Dornblaser, M. M., Striegl, R. G., and Hernes, P. J.: Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036831, 2009.
Subba Rao, D. V. and Platt, T.: Primary Production of Arctic Waters, Polar Biol., 3, 191–201, 1984.
Tovar-Sanchez, A., Duarte, C. M., Alonso, J. C., Lacorte, S., Tauler, R., and Galban-Malagon, C.: Impacts of metals and nutrients released from melting multiyear Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C07003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005685, 2010.
Trenberth, K. E., Jones, P. D., Ambenje, P., Bojariu, R., Easterling, D., Tank, A. K., Parker, D., Rahimzadeh, F., Renwick, J. A., Rusticucci, M., Soden, B., and Zhai, P.: Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M. , Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 235–336, 2007.
van Dongen, B. E., Zencak, Z., and Gustafsson, O.: Differential transport and degradation of bulk organic carbon and specific terrestrial biomarkers in the surface waters of a sub-arctic brackish bay mixing zone, Mar. Chem., 112, 203–214, 2008.
Vaquer-Sunyer, R., Duarte, C. M., Santiago, R., Wassmann, P., and Reigstad, M.: Experimental evaluation of planktonic respiration response to warming in the European Arctic Sector, Polar Biol., 33, 1661–1671, 2010.
von Quillfeldt, C. H.: Distribution of diatoms in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland, J. Marine Syst., 10, 211–240, 1997.
von Quillfeldt, C. H.: Common diatom species in arctic spring blooms: Their distribution and abundance, Bot. Mar., 43, 499–516, 2000.
Walsh, J. E.: Climate of the arctic marine environment, Ecol. Appl., 18, S3–S22, 2008.
Wassmann, P.: Vernal export and retention of biogenic matter in the north-eastern North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic Ocean: the role of the Norwegian Atlantic Current and topography, Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., 54, 377–392, 2001.
Wassmann, P., Bauerfeind, E., Fortier, M., Fukuchi, M., Hargrave, b., Moran, B., Noji, T., Nothig, E. M., Olli, K., Peinert, R., Sasaki, H., and Shevchenko, V. P.: Particulate organic Carbon flux to the Arctic Ocean sea floor, in: The Organic Carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean, edited by: Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 101–138, 2004.
Wassmann, P., Slagstad, D., Riser, C. W., and Reigstad, M.: Modelling the ecosystem dynamics of the Barents Sea including the marginal ice zone II, Carbon flux and interannual variability, J. Marine Syst., 59, 1–24, 2006a.
Wassmann, P., Reigstad, M., Haug, T., Rudels, B., Carroll, M. L., Hop, H., Gabrielsen, G. W., Falk-Petersen, S., Denisenko, S. G., Arashkevich, E., Slagstad, D., and Pavlova, O.: Food webs and carbon flux in the Barents Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 71, 232–287, 2006b.
Wassmann, P., Carroll, J., and Bellerby, R. G. J.: Carbon flux and ecosystem feedback in the northern Barents Sea in an era of climate change: An introduction, Deep-Sea Res. II, 55, 2143–2153, 2008.
White, P. A., Kalff, J., Rasmussen, J. B., and Gasol, J. M.: The Effect of Temperature and Algal Biomass on Bacterial Production and Specific Growth-Rate in Fresh-Water and Marine Habitats, Microb. Ecol., 21, 99–118, 1991.
Williams, P. J. B., Raine, R. C. T., and Bryan, J. R.: Agreement between the 14C and Oxygen Methods of Measuring Phytoplankton Production – Reassessment of the Photosynthetic Quotient, Oceanol. Acta, 2, 411–416, 1979.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(4332 KB) - Metadata XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(220 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint