Articles | Volume 12, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1483-2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1483-2015
Research article
 | 
09 Mar 2015
Research article |  | 09 Mar 2015

Comparison of ten packages that compute ocean carbonate chemistry

J. C. Orr, J.-M. Epitalon, and J.-P. Gattuso

Related authors

Technical note: Interpreting pH changes
Andrea J. Fassbender, James C. Orr, and Andrew G. Dickson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1407–1415, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1407-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1407-2021, 2021
Short summary
Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections
Lester Kwiatkowski, Olivier Torres, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Matthew Chamberlain, James R. Christian, John P. Dunne, Marion Gehlen, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Andrew Lenton, Hongmei Li, Nicole S. Lovenduski, James C. Orr, Julien Palmieri, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Charles A. Stock, Alessandro Tagliabue, Yohei Takano, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020
Short summary
Model constraints on the anthropogenic carbon budget of the Arctic Ocean
Jens Terhaar, James C. Orr, Marion Gehlen, Christian Ethé, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 16, 2343–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, 2019
Short summary
Biogeochemical response of the Mediterranean Sea to the transient SRES-A2 climate change scenario
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, Laurent Bopp, Briac Le Vu, James C. Orr, Samuel Somot, and François Dulac
Biogeosciences, 16, 135–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Biogeochemical protocols and diagnostics for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)
James C. Orr, Raymond G. Najjar, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, John L. Bullister, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Jean-Claude Dutay, Heather Graven, Stephen M. Griffies, Jasmin G. John, Fortunat Joos, Ingeborg Levin, Keith Lindsay, Richard J. Matear, Galen A. McKinley, Anne Mouchet, Andreas Oschlies, Anastasia Romanou, Reiner Schlitzer, Alessandro Tagliabue, Toste Tanhua, and Andrew Yool
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2169–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, 2017
Short summary

Related subject area

Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Marine snow morphology drives sinking and attenuation in the ocean interior
Yawouvi Dodji Soviadan, Miriam Beck, Joelle Habib, Alberto Baudena, Laetitia Drago, Alexandre Accardo, Remi Laxenaire, Sabrina Speich, Peter Brandt, Rainer Kiko, and Stemmann Lars
Biogeosciences, 22, 3485–3501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3485-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3485-2025, 2025
Short summary
An upper-mesopelagic-zone carbon budget for the subarctic North Pacific
Brandon M. Stephens, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Amy E. Maas, Vinícius J. Amaral, Samantha Clevenger, Shawnee Traylor, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Philip W. Boyd, Ken O. Buesseler, Craig A. Carlson, Nicolas Cassar, Margaret Estapa, Andrea J. Fassbender, Yibin Huang, Phoebe J. Lam, Olivier Marchal, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Nicola L. Paul, Alyson E. Santoro, David A. Siegel, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 22, 3301–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3301-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3301-2025, 2025
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement in an open-ocean ecosystem: biogeochemical responses and carbon storage durability
Allanah Joy Paul, Mathias Haunost, Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Jens Hartmann, Nicolás Sánchez, Julieta Schneider, Niels Suitner, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 22, 2749–2766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2749-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2749-2025, 2025
Short summary
Relationships between the concentration of particulate organic nitrogen and the inherent optical properties of seawater in oceanic surface waters
Alain Fumenia, Hubert Loisel, Rick A. Reynolds, and Dariusz Stramski
Biogeosciences, 22, 2461–2484, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2461-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2461-2025, 2025
Short summary
Inadequacies in the representation of sub-seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Earth system models
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi, Olivier Aumont, Lester Kwiatkowski, and Marina Levy
Biogeosciences, 22, 2163–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025, 2025
Short summary

Cited articles

Antonov, J. I., Seidov, D., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 2: Salinity, edited by: Levitus, S., Atlas NESDIS 69, NOAA, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 184 pp., 2010.
Byrne, R. H. and Yao, W.: Procedures for measurement of carbonate ion concentrations in seawater by direct spectrophotometric observations of Pb (II) complexation, Mar. Chem., 112, 128–135, 2008.
Cai, W.-J. and Wang, Y.: The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 657–668, 1998.
Culberson, C. and Pytkowicz, R. M.: Effect of pressure on carbonic acid, boric acid and the pH in seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 13, 403–417, 1968.
Dickson, A. G.: Standard potential of the reaction: AgCl(s)+1/2 H2(g)= Ag(s)+HCl(aq), and the standard acidity constant of the ion HSO4- in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K, Chemical Thermodynamics, 22, 113–127, 1990a.
Short summary
Basic marine carbonate system variables such as pH are often computed from others. Such calculations are made with many public software packages, but their results have never been compared. A new study compares 10 of these packages, quantifying differences, isolating causes, and making recommendations to reduce future discrepancies. This comparison effort has led to more than a 10-fold reduction in differences between packages for some computed variables.
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint