Articles | Volume 14, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4905-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4905-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Nov 2017
Research article |
| 07 Nov 2017
The influence of environmental variability on the biogeography of coccolithophores and diatoms in the Great Calcite Belt
Helen E. K. Smith
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH,
UK
Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Alex J. Poulton
National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH,
UK
presently at: The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh,
EH14 4AS, UK
Rebecca Garley
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, Ferry
Reach, St. George's GE 01, Bermuda
Jason Hopkins
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380,
East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
Laura C. Lubelczyk
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380,
East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
Dave T. Drapeau
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380,
East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
Sara Rauschenberg
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380,
East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
Ben S. Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380,
East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
Nicholas R. Bates
Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, Ferry
Reach, St. George's GE 01, Bermuda
William M. Balch
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380,
East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Ben J. Fisher, Alex J. Poulton, Michael P. Meredith, Kimberlee Baldry, Oscar Schofield, and Sian F. Henley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-990, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-990, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean is a rapidly warming environment, with subsequent impacts on ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. This study examines changes in phytoplankton and biogeochemistry using a range of climate models. Under climate change the Southern Ocean will be warmer, more acidic, more productive and have reduced nutrient availability by 2100. However, there is substantial variability between models across key productivity parameters, we propose ways of reducing this uncertainty.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Ben J. Fisher, Alex J. Poulton, Michael P. Meredith, Kimberlee Baldry, Oscar Schofield, and Sian F. Henley
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-10, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean is warming faster than the global average. As a globally important carbon sink and nutrient source, climate driven changes in ecosystems can be expected to cause widespread changes to biogeochemical cycles. We analysed earth system models and showed that productivity is expected to increase across the Southern Ocean, driven by different phytoplankton groups at different latitudes. These predictions carry large uncertainties, we propose targeted studies to reduce this error.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Thomas Jackson, Andrei Chuprin, Malcolm Taberner, Ruth Airs, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Robert J. W. Brewin, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco P. Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Afonso Ferreira, Scott Freeman, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Ralf Goericke, Richard Gould, Nathalie Guillocheau, Stanford B. Hooker, Chuamin Hu, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Steven Lohrenz, Hubert Loisel, Antonio Mannino, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Enrique Montes, Frank Muller-Karger, Aimee Neeley, Michael Novak, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Rüdiger Röttgers, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Crystal Thomas, Rob Thomas, Gavin Tilstone, Andreia Tracana, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5737–5770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is vital to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the global compilation of bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2021) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Rob B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Laurent Bopp, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Kim I. Currie, Bertrand Decharme, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Thomas Gasser, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul Jain, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Sebastian Lienert, Junjie Liu, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Clemens Schwingshackl, Roland Séférian, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2021 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Joost de Vries, Fanny Monteiro, Glen Wheeler, Alex Poulton, Jelena Godrijan, Federica Cerino, Elisa Malinverno, Gerald Langer, and Colin Brownlee
Biogeosciences, 18, 1161–1184, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophores are important calcifying phytoplankton with an overlooked life cycle. We compile a global dataset of marine coccolithophore abundance to investigate the environmental characteristics of each life cycle phase. We find that both phases contribute to coccolithophore abundance and that their different environmental preference increases coccolithophore habitat. Accounting for the life cycle of coccolithophores is thus crucial for understanding their ecology and biogeochemical impact.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone Alin, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Selma Bultan, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Wiley Evans, Liesbeth Florentie, Piers M. Forster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ian Harris, Kerstin Hartung, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Vassilis Kitidis, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Adam J. P. Smith, Adrienne J. Sutton, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Guido van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3269–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2020 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Randelle M. Bundy, Alessandro Tagliabue, Nicholas J. Hawco, Peter L. Morton, Benjamin S. Twining, Mariko Hatta, Abigail E. Noble, Mattias R. Cape, Seth G. John, Jay T. Cullen, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 17, 4745–4767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt (Co) is an essential nutrient for ocean microbes and is scarce in most areas of the ocean. This study measured Co concentrations in the Arctic Ocean for the first time and found that Co levels are extremely high in the surface waters of the Canadian Arctic. Although the Co primarily originates from the shelf, the high concentrations persist throughout the central Arctic. Co in the Arctic appears to be increasing over time and might be a source of Co to the North Atlantic.
Hannah K. Donald, Gavin L. Foster, Nico Fröhberg, George E. A. Swann, Alex J. Poulton, C. Mark Moore, and Matthew P. Humphreys
Biogeosciences, 17, 2825–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2825-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2825-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The boron isotope pH proxy is increasingly being used to reconstruct ocean pH in the past. Here we detail a novel analytical methodology for measuring the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of diatom opal and apply this to the study of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii grown in culture over a range of pH. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind and provides unique insights into the way in which diatoms incorporate boron and their potential as archives of palaeoclimate records.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1037–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2018) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. McPhaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, and Robert A. Weller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggests the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Chris J. Daniels, Alex J. Poulton, William M. Balch, Emilio Marañón, Tim Adey, Bruce C. Bowler, Pedro Cermeño, Anastasia Charalampopoulou, David W. Crawford, Dave Drapeau, Yuanyuan Feng, Ana Fernández, Emilio Fernández, Glaucia M. Fragoso, Natalia González, Lisa M. Graziano, Rachel Heslop, Patrick M. Holligan, Jason Hopkins, María Huete-Ortega, David A. Hutchins, Phoebe J. Lam, Michael S. Lipsen, Daffne C. López-Sandoval, Socratis Loucaides, Adrian Marchetti, Kyle M. J. Mayers, Andrew P. Rees, Cristina Sobrino, Eithne Tynan, and Toby Tyrrell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1859–1876, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Calcifying marine algae (coccolithophores) are key to oceanic biogeochemical processes, such as calcium carbonate production and export. We compile a global database of calcium carbonate production from field samples (n = 2756), alongside primary production rates and coccolithophore abundance. Basic statistical analysis highlights global distribution, average surface and integrated rates, patterns with depth and the importance of considering cell-normalised rates as a simple physiological index.
Mak A. Saito, Abigail E. Noble, Nicholas Hawco, Benjamin S. Twining, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Seth G. John, Phoebe Lam, Tim M. Conway, Rod Johnson, Dawn Moran, and Matthew McIlvin
Biogeosciences, 14, 4637–4662, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4637-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4637-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt has the smallest oceanic inventory of all known inorganic micronutrients, and hence is particularly vulnerable to influence by internal oceanic processes. The stoichiometry of cobalt was studied in the North Atlantic, and interpreted with regard to the context of Redfield theory with a focus on biological uptake, scavenging, and the coupling between dissolved and particulate phases. The stoichiometry of cobalt accelerated towards the surface due to increased biological activity and use.
Rosie M. Sheward, Alex J. Poulton, Samantha J. Gibbs, Chris J. Daniels, and Paul R. Bown
Biogeosciences, 14, 1493–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1493-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1493-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our culture experiments on modern Coccolithophores find that physiology regulates shifts in the geometry of their carbonate shells (coccospheres) between growth phases. This provides a tool to access growth information in modern and past populations. Directly comparing modern species with fossil coccospheres derives a new proxy for investigating the physiology that underpins phytoplankton responses to environmental change through geological time.
Glaucia M. Fragoso, Alex J. Poulton, Igor M. Yashayaev, Erica J. H. Head, and Duncan A. Purdie
Biogeosciences, 14, 1235–1259, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1235-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1235-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This research describes a detailed analysis of current distributions of spring phytoplankton communities in the Labrador Sea based on 10 years of observations. Phytoplankton community composition varied mainly according to the contrasting hydrographical zones of the Labrador Sea. The taxonomic distinctions of these communities influenced the photosynthetic and biochemical signatures of near-surface waters, which may have a profound impact on the carbon cycle in high-latitude seas.
Anastasia Charalampopoulou, Alex J. Poulton, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Mike I. Lucas, Mark C. Stinchcombe, and Toby Tyrrell
Biogeosciences, 13, 5917–5935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5917-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5917-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophores are global calcifiers, potentially impacted by ocean acidity. Data from the Southern Ocean is scarce, though latitudinal gradients of acidity exist. We made measurements of calcification, species composition and physiochemical environment between America and the Antarctic Peninsula. Calcification and cell calcite declined to the south, though rates of coccolith production did not. Declining temperature and irradiance were more important in driving latitudinal changes than pH.
Nicholas J. Hawco, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Joseph A. Resing, Benjamin S. Twining, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 13, 5697–5717, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5697-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5697-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt is a scarce nutrient required by phytoplankton. We report more than 800 measurements of dissolved cobalt in the South Pacific Ocean, which show high cobalt concentrations in anoxic subsurface waters offshore of Peru. Coastal cobalt sources may be stronger under low oxygen and could fluctuate as climate change is expected to alter the extent of these low-oxygen regions.
Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Camilla S. Landa, Nicolas Metzl, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Karl Smith, Cathy Cosca, Sumiko Harasawa, Stephen D. Jones, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Ute Schuster, Tobias Steinhoff, Colm Sweeney, Taro Takahashi, Bronte Tilbrook, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Simone R. Alin, Carlos F. Balestrini, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Frédéric Bonou, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Eugene F. Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Robert D. Castle, Liqi Chen, Melissa Chierici, Kim Currie, Wiley Evans, Charles Featherstone, Richard A. Feely, Agneta Fransson, Catherine Goyet, Naomi Greenwood, Luke Gregor, Steven Hankin, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Jérôme Harlay, Judith Hauck, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christopher W. Hunt, Betty Huss, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Truls Johannessen, Ralph Keeling, Vassilis Kitidis, Arne Körtzinger, Alex Kozyr, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Akira Kuwata, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Claire Lo Monaco, Ansley Manke, Jeremy T. Mathis, Liliane Merlivat, Frank J. Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Akihiko Murata, Timothy Newberger, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Kristina Paterson, David Pearce, Denis Pierrot, Lisa L. Robbins, Shu Saito, Joe Salisbury, Reiner Schlitzer, Bernd Schneider, Roland Schweitzer, Rainer Sieger, Ingunn Skjelvan, Kevin F. Sullivan, Stewart C. Sutherland, Adrienne J. Sutton, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Maciej Telszewski, Matthias Tuma, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Brian Ward, Andrew J. Watson, and Suqing Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 383–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) has 14.5 million CO2 (carbon dioxide) values for the years 1957 to 2014 covering the global oceans and coastal seas. Version 3 is an update to version 2 with a longer record and 44 % more CO2 values. The CO2 measurements have been made on ships, fixed moorings and drifting buoys. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification, as well as model evaluation, thus informing climate negotiations.
Xiaobo Jin, Chuanlian Liu, Alex J. Poulton, Minhan Dai, and Xianghui Guo
Biogeosciences, 13, 4843–4861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4843-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4843-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical structure of the coccolithophore community in the water column was controlled by trophic conditions, which were regulated by mesoscale eddies across the South China Sea basin. Three key species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Florisphaera profunda) contributed roughly half of the surface ocean coccolith-calcite concentrations. E. huxleyi coccolith length is influenced by light and nutrients through the regulation of growth rates.
Matthew P. Humphreys, Florence M. Greatrix, Eithne Tynan, Eric P. Achterberg, Alex M. Griffiths, Claudia H. Fry, Rebecca Garley, Alison McDonald, and Adrian J. Boyce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 221–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-221-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-221-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater for a transect from west to east across the North Atlantic Ocean. The results can be used to study oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, and also to investigate the natural biological carbon pump. We also provide stable DIC isotope results for two batches of Dickson seawater CRMs to enable intercomparisons with other studies.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Hervé Claustre, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford Hooker, Mati Kahru, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Hubert Loisel, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Timothy Smyth, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 235–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2012) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Kristen M. Krumhardt, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Natalie M. Freeman, and Nicholas R. Bates
Biogeosciences, 13, 1163–1177, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1163-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1163-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we combine phytoplankton pigment data with particulate inorganic carbon and chlorophyll measurements from the satellite record to assess recent trends in phytoplankton dynamics in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, with a focus on coccolithophores. We show that coccolithophores in the North Atlantic have been increasing in abundance. Correlations suggest that they are responding positively to increasing inorganic carbon from anthropogenic inputs in the upper mixed layer.
S. Z. Rosengard, P. J. Lam, W. M. Balch, M. E. Auro, S. Pike, D. Drapeau, and B. Bowler
Biogeosciences, 12, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) into the deep ocean is an important atmospheric carbon dioxide sink. Observations from the Southern Ocean Great Calcite Belt region show that the relationship between POC and biogenic mineral fluxes varies with depth, between the surface and 1000m below. The results suggest that the transfer of POC into the deep ocean is more closely related to phytoplankton community structure than to mineral composition alone.
C. J. Daniels, A. J. Poulton, M. Esposito, M. L. Paulsen, R. Bellerby, M. St John, and A. P. Martin
Biogeosciences, 12, 2395–2409, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2395-2015, 2015
C. J. Daniels, R. M. Sheward, and A. J. Poulton
Biogeosciences, 11, 6915–6925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6915-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6915-2014, 2014
N. R. Bates, R. Garley, K. E. Frey, K. L. Shake, and J. T. Mathis
Biogeosciences, 11, 6769–6789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6769-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6769-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
In a era or rapid warming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean, the paper describes the variability of seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) in summertime sea-ice melt pond water in the Pacific Arctic region, and the impact of melt pond chemistry upon the underlying upper ocean.
J. R. Young, A. J. Poulton, and T. Tyrrell
Biogeosciences, 11, 4771–4782, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4771-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4771-2014, 2014
S. Richier, E. P. Achterberg, C. Dumousseaud, A. J. Poulton, D. J. Suggett, T. Tyrrell, M. V. Zubkov, and C. M. Moore
Biogeosciences, 11, 4733–4752, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4733-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4733-2014, 2014
A. J. Poulton, M. C. Stinchcombe, E. P. Achterberg, D. C. E. Bakker, C. Dumousseaud, H. E. Lawson, G. A. Lee, S. Richier, D. J. Suggett, and J. R. Young
Biogeosciences, 11, 3919–3940, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3919-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3919-2014, 2014
D. C. E. Bakker, B. Pfeil, K. Smith, S. Hankin, A. Olsen, S. R. Alin, C. Cosca, S. Harasawa, A. Kozyr, Y. Nojiri, K. M. O'Brien, U. Schuster, M. Telszewski, B. Tilbrook, C. Wada, J. Akl, L. Barbero, N. R. Bates, J. Boutin, Y. Bozec, W.-J. Cai, R. D. Castle, F. P. Chavez, L. Chen, M. Chierici, K. Currie, H. J. W. de Baar, W. Evans, R. A. Feely, A. Fransson, Z. Gao, B. Hales, N. J. Hardman-Mountford, M. Hoppema, W.-J. Huang, C. W. Hunt, B. Huss, T. Ichikawa, T. Johannessen, E. M. Jones, S. D. Jones, S. Jutterström, V. Kitidis, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, S. K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, A. B. Manke, J. T. Mathis, L. Merlivat, N. Metzl, A. Murata, T. Newberger, A. M. Omar, T. Ono, G.-H. Park, K. Paterson, D. Pierrot, A. F. Ríos, C. L. Sabine, S. Saito, J. Salisbury, V. V. S. S. Sarma, R. Schlitzer, R. Sieger, I. Skjelvan, T. Steinhoff, K. F. Sullivan, H. Sun, A. J. Sutton, T. Suzuki, C. Sweeney, T. Takahashi, J. Tjiputra, N. Tsurushima, S. M. A. C. van Heuven, D. Vandemark, P. Vlahos, D. W. R. Wallace, R. Wanninkhof, and A. J. Watson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 69–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, 2014
N. R. Bates, M. I. Orchowska, R. Garley, and J. T. Mathis
Biogeosciences, 10, 5281–5309, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5281-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5281-2013, 2013
U. Schuster, G. A. McKinley, N. Bates, F. Chevallier, S. C. Doney, A. R. Fay, M. González-Dávila, N. Gruber, S. Jones, J. Krijnen, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, M. Manizza, J. Mathis, N. Metzl, A. Olsen, A. F. Rios, C. Rödenbeck, J. M. Santana-Casiano, T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, and A. J. Watson
Biogeosciences, 10, 607–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-607-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-607-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Climatic Controls on Metabolic Constraints in the Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Evolution of oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth System Models
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Biological impact of ocean alkalinity enhancement of magnesium hydroxide on marine microalgae using bioassays simulating ship-based dispersion
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Influence of GEOTRACES data distribution and misfit function choice on objective parameter retrieval in a marine zinc cycle model
Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth system models
Early winter barium excess in the southern Indian Ocean as an annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Controlling factors on the global distribution of a representative marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph phylotype (Gamma A)
Summer trends and drivers of sea surface fCO2 and pH changes observed in the southern Indian Ocean over the last two decades (1998–2019)
Global nutrient cycling by commercially targeted marine fish
Major processes of the dissolved cobalt cycle in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean
The impact of the South-East Madagascar Bloom on the oceanic CO2 sink
Nitrite regeneration in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean
Bridging the gaps between particulate backscattering measurements and modeled particulate organic carbon in the ocean
Biological production in two contrasted regions of the Mediterranean Sea during the oligotrophic period: an estimate based on the diel cycle of optical properties measured by BioGeoChemical-Argo profiling floats
Acidification of the Nordic Seas
Reconstruction of global surface ocean pCO2 using region-specific predictors based on a stepwise FFNN regression algorithm
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Charly Andre Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart Thomas Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai Georg Schulz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain size dissolved faster, but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain size is optimum for both kinetics.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-349, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification is sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2822, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2822, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that captures the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen, and a model to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitat in the future. We find that warming and the related loss of marine dissolved oxygen over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitat, and increasing vulnerability to temperature-oxygen extremes.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-129, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean, using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and we analyzed its predictability, a strong O2-IPV connection and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This open new routes to monitor ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, Erik Höglund, and Andrew L. King
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-138, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the oceans might reduce the excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amount because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating expected concentrations from a ships’ dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Zuozhu Wen, Thomas J. Browning, Rongbo Dai, Wenwei Wu, Weiying Li, Xiaohua Hu, Wenfang Lin, Lifang Wang, Xin Liu, Zhimian Cao, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5237–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Claudia Eisenring, Sophy E. Oliver, Samar Khatiwala, and Gregory F. de Souza
Biogeosciences, 19, 5079–5106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Given the sparsity of observational constraints on micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), we assess the sensitivities of a framework for objective parameter optimisation in an oceanic Zn cycling model. Our ensemble of optimisations towards synthetic data with varying kinds of uncertainty shows that deficiencies related to model complexity and the choice of the misfit function generally have a greater impact on the retrieval of model Zn uptake behaviour than does the limitation of data coverage.
Yoshikazu Sasai, Sherwood Lan Smith, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4865–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the adaptive response of phytoplankton growth to changing light, nutrients, and temperature over the North Pacific using two physical-biological models. We compare modeled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible control model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C):nitrogen (N):chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C:N:Chl ratios.
Jens Terhaar, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4431–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of the ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon vary across various approaches. We show that the global ocean carbon sink can be estimated by three parameters, two of which approximate the ocean ventilation in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and one of which approximates the chemical capacity of the ocean to take up carbon. With observations of these parameters, we estimate that the global ocean carbon sink is 10 % larger than previously assumed, and we cut uncertainties in half.
Natasha René van Horsten, Hélène Planquette, Géraldine Sarthou, Thomas James Ryan-Keogh, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Thato Nicholas Mtshali, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Eva Bucciarelli
Biogeosciences, 19, 3209–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remineralisation proxy, barite, was measured along 30°E in the southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter. To our knowledge this is the first reported Southern Ocean winter study. Concentrations throughout the water column were comparable to observations during spring to autumn. By linking satellite primary production to this proxy a possible annual timescale is proposed. These findings also suggest possible carbon remineralisation from satellite data on a basin scale.
Zhibo Shao and Ya-Wei Luo
Biogeosciences, 19, 2939–2952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) may be an important player in fixing N2 in the ocean. By conducting meta-analyses, we found that a representative marine NCD phylotype, Gamma A, tends to inhabit ocean environments with high productivity, low iron concentration and high light intensity. It also appears to be more abundant inside cyclonic eddies. Our study suggests a niche differentiation of NCDs from cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the latter prefers low-productivity and high-iron oceans.
Coraline Leseurre, Claire Lo Monaco, Gilles Reverdin, Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, and Léa Benito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2599–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Decadal trends of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total carbon (CT) and pH in surface waters are investigated in different domains of the southern Indian Ocean (45°S–57°S) from ongoing and station observations regularly conducted in summer over the period 1998–2019. The fCO2 increase and pH decrease are mainly driven by anthropogenic CO2 estimated just below the summer mixed layer, as well as by a warming south of the polar front or in the fertilized waters near Kerguelen Island.
Priscilla Le Mézo, Jérôme Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, and Eric Galbraith
Biogeosciences, 19, 2537–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the role of commercially targeted fish biomass in the cycling of three important nutrients (N, P, and Fe), relative to nutrients otherwise available in water and to nutrients required by primary producers, and the impact of fishing. We use a model of commercially targeted fish biomass constrained by fish catch and stock assessment data to assess the contributions of fish at the global scale, at the time of the global peak catch and prior to industrial fishing.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Nicolas Metzl, Claire Lo Monaco, Coraline Leseurre, Céline Ridame, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, Marion Gehlen, and Thi Tuyet Trang Chau
Biogeosciences, 19, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During an oceanographic cruise conducted in January 2020 in the south-western Indian Ocean, we observed very low CO2 concentrations associated with a strong phytoplankton bloom that occurred south-east of Madagascar. This biological event led to a strong regional CO2 ocean sink not previously observed.
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Martí Galí, Marcus Falls, Hervé Claustre, Olivier Aumont, and Raffaele Bernardello
Biogeosciences, 19, 1245–1275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Part of the organic matter produced by plankton in the upper ocean is exported to the deep ocean. This process, known as the biological carbon pump, is key for the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and global climate. However, the dynamics of organic particles below the upper ocean layer are not well understood. Here we compared the measurements acquired by autonomous robots in the top 1000 m of the ocean to a numerical model, which can help improve future climate projections.
Marie Barbieux, Julia Uitz, Alexandre Mignot, Collin Roesler, Hervé Claustre, Bernard Gentili, Vincent Taillandier, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Hubert Loisel, Antoine Poteau, Edouard Leymarie, Christophe Penkerc'h, Catherine Schmechtig, and Annick Bricaud
Biogeosciences, 19, 1165–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses marine biological production in two Mediterranean systems representative of vast desert-like (oligotrophic) areas encountered in the global ocean. We use a novel approach based on non-intrusive high-frequency in situ measurements by two profiling robots, the BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Our results indicate substantial yet variable production rates and contribution to the whole water column of the subsurface layer, typically considered steady and non-productive.
Filippa Fransner, Friederike Fröb, Jerry Tjiputra, Nadine Goris, Siv K. Lauvset, Ingunn Skjelvan, Emil Jeansson, Abdirahman Omar, Melissa Chierici, Elizabeth Jones, Agneta Fransson, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Truls Johannessen, and Are Olsen
Biogeosciences, 19, 979–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification, a direct consequence of the CO2 release by human activities, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of the acidification of the Nordic Seas, from 1850 to 2100, by using a large set of samples taken during research cruises together with numerical model simulations. We estimate the effects of changes in different environmental factors on the rate of acidification and its potential effects on cold-water corals.
Guorong Zhong, Xuegang Li, Jinming Song, Baoxiao Qu, Fan Wang, Yanjun Wang, Bin Zhang, Xiaoxia Sun, Wuchang Zhang, Zhenyan Wang, Jun Ma, Huamao Yuan, and Liqin Duan
Biogeosciences, 19, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A predictor selection algorithm was constructed to decrease the predicting error in the surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) mapping by finding better combinations of pCO2 predictors in different regions. Compared with previous research using the same combination of predictors in all regions, using different predictors selected by the algorithm in different regions can effectively decrease pCO2 predicting errors.
Cited articles
Armand, L. K., Cornet-Barthaux, V., Mosseri, J., and Quéguiner, B.: Late summer diatom biomass and community structure on and around the naturally iron-fertilised Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea-Res. Pt. II, 55, 653–676, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.031, 2008.
Arrigo, K. R., Worthen, D., Schnell, A., and Lizotte, M. P.: Primary production in Southern Ocean waters, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 151587–15600, 1998.
Assmy, P., Smetacek, V., Montresor, M., Klaas, C., Henjes, J., Strass, V. H., Arrieta, J. M., Bathmann, U., Berg, G. M., Breitbarth, E., Cisewski, B., Friedrichs, L., Fuchs, N., Herndl, G. J., Jansen, S., Krägefsky, S., Latasa, M., Peeken, I., Röttgers, R., Scharek, R., Schüller, S. E., Steigenberger, S., Webb, A., and Wolf-Gladrow, D.: Thick-shelled, grazer-protected diatoms decouple ocean carbon and silicon cycles in the iron-limited Antarctic Circumpolar Current, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 110, 20633–20638, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1309345110, 2013.
Bach, L. T., Riebesell, U., Gutowska, M. A., Federwisch, L., and Schulz, K. G.: A unifying concept of coccolithophore sensitivity to changing carbonate chemistry embedded in an ecological framework, Prog. Oceanogr., 135, 125–138, 2015.
Baines, S. B., Twining, B. S., Brzezinski, M. A., Nelson, D. M., and Fisher, N. S.: Causes and biogeochemical implications of regional differences in silicification of marine diatoms, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003856, 2010.
Balch, W. M., Gordon, H. R., Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T., and Booth, E. S.: Calcium carbonate measurements in the surface global ocean based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, C07001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002560, 2005.
Balch, W. M., Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T., Poulton, A. J., and Holligan, P. M.: Biominerals and the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon from the surface ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044640, 2010.
Balch, W. M., Drapeau, D. T., Bowler, B. C., Lyczskowski, E., Booth, E. S., and Alley, D.: The contribution of coccolithophores to the optical and inorganic carbon budgets during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: New evidence in support of the “Great Calcite Belt”; hypothesis, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00F06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC006941, 2011.
Balch, W. M., Drapeau, D. T., Bowler, B. C., Lyczskowski, E. R., Lubelczyk, L. C., Painter, S. C., and Poulton, A. J.: Surface biological, chemical, and optical properties of the Patagonian Shelf coccolithophore bloom, the brightest waters of the Great Calcite Belt, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59, 1715–1732, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1715, 2014.
Balch, W. M., Bates, N. R., Lam, P. J., Twining, B. S., Rosengard, S. Z., Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T., Garley, R., Lubelczyk, L. C., Mitchell, C., and Rauschenberg, S.: Factors regulating the Great Calcite Belt in the Southern Ocean and its biogeochemical significance, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 1124–1144, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005414, 2016.
Barber, R. T. and Hiscock, M. R.: A rising tide lifts all phytoplankton: Growth response of other phytoplankton taxa in diatom-dominated blooms, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB4S03, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002726, 2006.
Bates, N. R., Michaels, A. F., and Knap, A. H.: Seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic carbon dioxide species at US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 43, 347–383, 1996.
Bates, N. R., Best, M. H. P., Neely, K., Garley, R., Dickson, A. G., and Johnson, R. J.: Detecting anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Ocean, Biogeosciences, 9, 2509–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2509-2012, 2012.
Bathmann, U., Scharek, R., Klaas, C., Dubischar, C., and Smetacek, V.: Spring development of phytoplankton biomass and composition in major water masses of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44, 51–67, 1997.
Beaufort, L., Probert, I., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Bendif, E. M., Ruiz-Pino, D., Metzl, N., Goyet, C., Buchet, N., Coupel, P., Grelaud, M., Rost, B., Rickaby, R. E. M., and de Vargas, C.: Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification, Nature, 476, 80–88, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10295, 2011.
Belkin, I. M. and Gordon, A. L.: Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich meridian to Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3675–3696, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC02750, 1996.
Bopp, L., Monfray, P., Aumont, O., Dufresne, J.-L., Le Treut, H., Madec, G., Terray, L., and Orr, J. C.: Potential impact of climate change on marine export production, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 81–99, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001256, 2001.
Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Cadule, P., Alvain, S., and Gehlen, M.: Response of diatoms distribution to global warming and potential implications: A global model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023653, 2005.
Boyd, P. W.: Environmental factors controlling phytoplankton processes in the Southern Ocean, J. Phycol., 38, 844–861, 2002.
Boyd, P. W. and Newton, P. P.: Does planktonic community structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in different oceanic provinces?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 63–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00066-1, 1999.
Boyd, P. W., Strzepek, R., Fu, F., and Hutchins, D. A.: Environmental control of open-ocean phytoplankton groups: Now and in the future, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 1353–1376, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1353, 2010.
Boyd, P. W., Arrigo, K. R., Strzepek, R., and van Dijken, G. L.: Mapping phytoplankton iron utilization: Insights into Southern Ocean supply mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C06009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007726, 2012.
Boyd, P. W., Lennartz, S. T., Glover, D. M., and Doney, S. C.: Biological ramifications of climate-change-mediated oceanic multi-stressors, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 71–79, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2441, 2015.
Caldeira, K. and Wickett, M.: Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH, Nature, 425, 365, https://doi.org/10.1038/425365a, 2003.
Charalampopoulou, A., Poulton, A. J., Tyrrell, T., and Lucas, M. I.: Irradiance and pH affect coccolithophore community composition on a transect between the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Ecol-Prog. Ser., 431, 25–43, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09140, 2011.
Charalampopoulou, A., Poulton, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Lucas, M. I., Stinchcombe, M. C., and Tyrrell, T.: Environmental drivers of coccolithophore abundance and calcification across Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), Biogeosciences, 13, 5917–5935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5917-2016, 2016.
Clarke, K. R.: Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure, Aust. J. Ecol., 18, 117–143, 1993.
Clarke, K. R. and Gorley, R. N.: PRIMER v6: user manual/tutorial, PRIMER v6., PRIMER-E, Plymouth, 2006.
Clarke, K. R. and Warwick, R. M.: Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation, 2nd Edn., PRIMER-E, Plymouth, 2001.
Clarke, K. R., Somerfield, P. J., and Gorley, R. N.: Testing of null hypotheses in exploratory community analyses: similarity profiles and biota-environment linkage, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 366, 56–69, 2008.
Cook, S. S., Whittock, L., Wright, S. W., and Hallegraeff, G. M.: Photosynthetic pigment and genetic differences between two Southern Ocean morphotypes of Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta)1, J. Phycol., 47, 615–626, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00992.x, 2011.
Cook, S. S., Jones, R. C., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Hallegraeff, G. M.: Genetic differentiation among Australian and Southern Ocean populations of the ubiquitous coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta), Phycologia, 52, 368–374, https://doi.org/10.2216/12-111.1, 2013.
Cubillos, J., Wright, S., Nash, G., de Salas, M., Griffiths, B., Tilbrook, B., Poisson, A., and Hallegraeff, G.: Calcification morphotypes of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 348, 47–54, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07058, 2007.
Daniels, C. J., Sheward, R. M., and Poulton, A. J.: Biogeochemical implications of comparative growth rates of Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus species, Biogeosciences, 11, 6915–6925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6915-2014, 2014.
de Baar, H. J. W., Boyd, P. W., Coale, K. H., Landry, M. R., Tsuda, A., Assmy, P., Bakker, D. C. E., Bozec, Y., Barber, R. T., Brzezinski, M. A., Buesseler, K. O., Boye, M., Croot, P., Gervais, F., Gorbunov, M., Harrison, P. J., Hiscock, W. T., Laan, P., Lancelot, C., Law, C. S., Levasseur, M., Marchetti, A., Millero, F. J., Nishioka, J., Nojirim, Y., van Oijen, T., Riebesell, U., Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Saito, H., Takeda, S., Timmermans, K. R., Veldhuis, M. J. W., Waite, A. M., and Wong, C. S.: Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments: From the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C09S16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002601, 2005.
Deppeler, S. L. and Davidson, A. T.: Southern Ocean phytoplankton in a changing climate, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 40, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00040, 2017.
Dickson, A. G. and Millero, F. J.: A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1733–1743, 1987.
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., and Kleypas, J. A: Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 169–192, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834, 2009.
Dugdale, R. C., Wilkerson, F. P., and Minas, H. J.: The role of a silicate pump in driving new production, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 697–719, 1995.
Durak, G. M., Taylor, A. R., Probert, I., de Vargas, C., Audic, S., Schroeder, D. C., Brownlee, C., and Wheeler, G. L.: A role for diatom-like silicon transporters in calcifying coccolithophores, Nat. Commun., 7, 10543, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10543, 2016.
Egge, J. K. and Asknes, D. L.: Silicate as a regulating nutrient in phytoplankton competition, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 83, 281–289, 1992.
Eynaud, F., Giraudeau, J., Pichon, J.-J., and Pudsey, C. J.: Sea-surface distribution of coccolithophores, diatoms, silicoflagellates and dinoflagellates in the South Atlantic Ocean during the late austral summer 1995, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 451–482, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00079-X, 1999.
Flynn, K. J. K., Blackford, J. J. C., Baird, M. E. M., Raven, J. A., Clark, D. R., Beardall, J., Brownlee, C., Fabian, H., and Wheeler, G. L.: Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 510–513, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1489, 2012.
Froneman, P. W., McQuaid, C. D., and Perissinotto, R.: Biogeographic structure of the microphytoplankton assemblages of the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean during austral summer, J. Plankton Res., 17, 1791–1802, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/17.9.1791, 1995.
Froneman, P. W., Pakhomov, E. A., and Balarin, M. G.: Size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, production and biogenic carbon flux in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean in late austral summer 1997–1998, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 51, 2715–2729, 2004.
Gall, M. P., Boyd, P. W., Hall, J., Safi, K. A., and Chang, H.: Phytoplankton processes. Part 1: Community structure during the Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 2551–2570, 2001.
Garcia, C. A. E., Garcia, V. M. T., Dogliotti, A. I., Ferreira, A., Romero, S. I., Mannino, A., Souza, M. S., and Mata, M. M.: Environmental conditions and bio-optical signature of a coccolithophorid bloom in the Patagonian shelf, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006595, 2011.
Grigorov, I. and Rigual-Hernandez, A.: Settling fluxes of diatoms to the interior of the Antarctic circumpolar current along 170° W, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 93, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.008, 2014.
Hasle, G. R. and Syvertsen, E. E.: Chapter 2 – Marine Diatoms, in: Marine Phytoplankton, edited by: Tomas, C. R., 5–385, Academic Press, San Diego, 1997.
Haxo, F. T.: Photosynthetic action spectrum of the coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae): 19′ hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin as antenna pigment, J. Phycol., 21, 282–287, 1985.
Hinz, D. J., Poulton, A. J., Nielsdóttir, M. C., Steigenberger, S., Korb, R. E., Achterberg, E. P., and Bibby, T. S.: Comparative seasonal biogeography of mineralising nannoplankton in the Scotia Sea: Emiliania huxleyi, Fragilariopsis spp. and Tetraparma pelagica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 59–60, 57–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.09.002, 2012.
Ho, T., Quigg, A., Finkel, Z. V., Milligan, A. J., Wyman, K., Falkowski, P. G., and Morel, M. M.: The elemental composition of some marine phytoplankton, J. Phycol., 1159, 1145–1159, 2003.
Holligan, P. M., Charalampopoulou, A., and Hutson, R.: Seasonal distributions of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, and of particulate inorganic carbon in surface waters of the Scotia Sea, J. Marine Syst., 82, 195–205, 2010.
Honjo, S., Francois, R., Manganini, S., and Dymond, J.: Particle fluxes to the interior of the Southern Ocean in the Western Pacifc sector along 170° W, Deep-Sea Res., 47, 3521–3548, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00077-1, 2000.
Hopkins, J., Henson, S. A., Painter, S. C., Tyrrell, T., and Poulton, A. J.: Phenological characteristics of coccolithophore blooms, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 239–253, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004919, 2015.
Knap, A. H., Michaels, A., Close, A. R., Ducklow, H., and Dickson, A. G.: Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements, JGOFS Repr IOC Man Guid No 29 UNESCO 1994, 1996.
Kopczynska, E. E., Weber, L. H., and El-Sayed, S. Z.: Phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Indian Sector of the Antarctic Ocean, Polar Biol., 6, 161–169, 1986.
Kopczynska, E. E., Fiala, M., and Jeandel, C.: Annual and interannual variability in phytoplankton at a permanent station off Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, Polar Biol., 20, 342–351, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050312, 1998.
Korb, R. E., Whitehouse, M. J., Atkinson, A., and Thorpe, S. E.: Magnitude and maintenance of the phytoplankton bloom at South Georgia: a naturally iron-replete environment, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 368, 75–91, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07525, 2008.
Korb, R. E., Whitehouse, M. J., Gordon, M., Ward, P., and Poulton, A. J.: Summer microplankton community structure across the Scotia Sea: implications for biological carbon export, Biogeosciences, 7, 343–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-343-2010, 2010.
Korb, R. E., Whitehouse, M. J., Ward, P., Gordon, M., Venables, H. J., and Poulton, A. J.: Regional and seasonal differences in microplankton biomass, productivity, and structure across the Scotia Sea: Implications for the export of biogenic carbon, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 59–60, 67–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.06.006, 2012.
Langer, G., Geisen, M., Baumann, K.-H., Kläs, J., Riebesell, U., Thoms, S., and Young, J. R.: Species-specific responses of calcifying algae to changing seawater carbonate chemistry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 7, Q09006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001227, 2006.
Langer, G., Probert, I., Nehrke, G., and Ziveri, P.: The morphological response of Emiliania huxleyi to seawater carbonate chemistry changes: an inter-strain comparison, J. Nannoplankton. Res., 32, 29–34, 2011.
Leblanc, K., Hare, C. E., Boyd, P. W., Bruland, K. W., Sohst, B., Pickmere, S., Lohan, M. C., Buck, K., Ellwood, M., and Hutchins, D. A.: Fe and Zn effects on the Si cycle and diatom community structure in two contrasting high and low-silicate HNLC areas, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 52, 1842–1864, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.06.005, 2005.
Leblanc, K., Hare, C. E., Feng, Y., Berg, G. M., DiTullio, G. R., Neeley, A., Benner, I., Sprengel, C., Beck, A., Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A., Passow, U., Klinck, K., Rowe, J. M., Wilhelm, S. W., Brown, C. W., and Hutchins, D. A.: Distribution of calcifying and silicifying phytoplankton in relation to environmental and biogeochemical parameters during the late stages of the 2005 North East Atlantic Spring Bloom, Biogeosciences, 6, 2155–2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2155-2009, 2009.
Leblanc, K., Arístegui, J., Armand, L., Assmy, P., Beker, B., Bode, A., Breton, E., Cornet, V., Gibson, J., Gosselin, M.-P., Kopczynska, E., Marshall, H., Peloquin, J., Piontkovski, S., Poulton, A. J., Quéguiner, B., Schiebel, R., Shipe, R., Stefels, J., van Leeuwe, M. A., Varela, M., Widdicombe, C., and Yallop, M.: A global diatom database – abundance, biovolume and biomass in the world ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-149-2012, 2012.
Le Moigne, F. A. C., Sanders, R. J., Villa-Alfageme, M., Martin, A. P., Pabortsava, K., Planquette, H., Morris, P. J., and Thomalla, S. J.: On the proportion of ballast versus non-ballast associated carbon export in the surface ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15610, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052980, 2012.
Le Moigne, F. A. C., Boye, M., Masson, A., Corvaisier, R., Grossteffan, E., Guéneugues, A., and Pondaven, P.: Description of the biogeochemical features of the subtropical southeastern Atlantic and the Southern Ocean south of South Africa during the austral summer of the International Polar Year, Biogeosciences, 10, 281–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-281-2013, 2013.
Lewis, E. and Wallace, D. W. R: Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations Rep. ORNL/CDIAC-105, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1998.
Marañón, E., Balch, W. M., Cermeño, P., González, N., Sobrino, C., Fernández, A., Huete-Ortega, M., López-Sandoval, D. C., Delgado, M., Estrada, M., Álvarez, M., Fernández-Guallart, E., and Pelejero, C.: Coccolithophore calcification is independent of carbonate chemistry in the tropical ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 1345–1357, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10295, 2016.
Martin, J. H., Fitzwater, S. E., and Gordon, R. M.: Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in Antarctic waters, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 4, 5–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/GB004i001p00005, 1990.
Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C. H., Hawley, J. E., and Pytkowicz, R. M.: Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18, 897–907, 1973.
Mohan, R., Mergulhao, L. P., Guptha, M. V. S., Rajakumar, A., Thamban, M., AnilKumar, N., Sudhakar, M., and Ravindra, R.: Ecology of coccolithophores in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 67, 30–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.005, 2008.
Moore, C. M., Hickman, A. E., Poulton, A. J., Seeyave, S., and Lucas, M. I.: Iron–light interactions during the CROZet natural iron bloom and EXport experiment (CROZEX): II – Taxonomic responses and elemental stoichiometry, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 2066–2084, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.06.015, 2007.
Nelson, D. and Tréguer, P.: Role of silicon as a limiting nutrient to Antarctic diatoms: Evidence from kinetic studies in the Ross Sea ice-edge zone, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 80, 255–264, 1992.
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth, T., and Nowlin Jr., W. D.: On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 641–673, 1995.
Paasche, E.: Silicon and the ecology of marine planktonic diatoms. 1. Thalassiosira pseudonana (Cyclotella nana) grown in chemostats with silicate as the limiting nutrient, Mar. Biol., 19, 117–126, 1973a.
Paasche, E.: Silicon and the ecology of marine plankton diatoms. II. Silicate-uptake kinetics in five diatom species, Mar. Biol., 19, 262–269, 1973b.
Paasche, E.: A review of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae), with particular reference to growth, coccolith formation, and calcification-photosynthesis interactions, Phycologia, 40, 503–529, 2001.
Painter, S. C., Poulton, A. J., Allen, J. T., Pidcock, R., and Balch, W. M.: The COPAS08 expedition to the Patagonian Shelf: Physical and environmental conditions during the 2008 coccolithophore bloom, Cont. Shelf Res., 30, 1907–1923, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.08.013, 2010.
Petrou, K., Kranz, S. A., Trimborn, S., Hassler, C. S., Blanco, S., Sackett, O., Ralph, P. J., and Davidson, A. T.: Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate, J. Plant Physiol., 203, 135–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004, 2016.
Pondaven, P., Ragueneau, O., Tréguer, P., Hauvespre, A, Dezileau, L., and Reyss, J.: Resolving the “opal paradox” in the Southern Ocean, Nature, 405, 168–72, https://doi.org/10.1038/35012046, 2000.
Poulton, A. J., Mark Moore, C., Seeyave, S., Lucas, M. I., Fielding, S., and Ward, P.: Phytoplankton community composition around the Crozet Plateau, with emphasis on diatoms and Phaeocystis, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 2085–2105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.06.005, 2007.
Poulton, A. J., Charalampopoulou, A., Young, J. R., Tarran, G. A., Lucas, M. I., and Quartly, G. D.: Coccolithophore dynamics in non-bloom conditions during late summer in the central Iceland Basin (July–August 2007), Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 1601–1613, 2010.
Poulton, A. J., Young, J. R., Bates, N. R., and Balch, W. M.: Biometry of detached Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths along the Patagonian Shelf, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 443, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09445, 2011.
Poulton, A. J., Painter, S. C., Young, J. R., Bates, N. R., Bowler, B., Drapeau, D., Lyczsckowski, E., and Balch, W. M.: The 2008 Emiliania huxleyi bloom along the Patagonian Shelf: Ecology, biogeochemistry, and cellular calcification, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 1023–1033, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004641, 2013.
Poulton, A. J., Stinchcombe, M. C., Achterberg, E. P., Bakker, D. C. E., Dumousseaud, C., Lawson, H. E., Lee, G. A., Richier, S., Suggett, D. J., and Young, J. R.: Coccolithophores on the north-west European shelf: calcification rates and environmental controls, Biogeosciences, 11, 3919–3940, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3919-2014, 2014.
Poulton, A. J., Holligan, P. M., Charalampopoulou, A., and Adey, T.R.: Coccolithophore ecology in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean: New perspectives from the Atlantic meridional transect (AMT) programme, Prog. Oceanogr., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.01.003, 2017.
Raven, J. A. and Geider, R. J.: Temperature and algal growth, New Phytol., 110, 441–461, 1988.
Read, J. F., Pollard, R. T., and Allen, J. T.: Sub-mesoscale structure and the development of an eddy in the Subantarctic Front north of the Crozet Islands, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 1930–1948, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.06.013, 2007.
Rivero-Calle, S., Gnanadesikan, A., Del Castillo, C. E., Balch, W. M., and Guikema, S. D.: Multidecadal increase in North Atlantic coccolithophores and the potential role of rising CO2, Science, 350, 1533–1537, 2015.
Robbins, L. L., Hansen, M. E., Kleypas, J. A., and Meylan, S. C.: CO2calc: A user-friendly seawater carbon calculator for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS (iPhone)Rep., 17 pp., US Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA, 2010.
Sabine, C. L., Feely, R. A., Gruber, N., Key, R. M., Lee, K., Bullister, J. L., Wanninkhof, R., Wong, C. S., Wallace, D. W. R., Tilbrook, B., Millero, F. J., Peng, T.-H., Kozyr, A., Ono, T., and Rios, A. F.: The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2, Science, 305, 367–371, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097403, 2004.
Salter, I., Lampitt, R. S., Sanders, R., Poulton, A., Kemp, A. E. S., Boorman, B., Saw, K., and Pearce, R.: Estimating carbon, silica and diatom export from a naturally fertilised phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean using PELAGRA: A novel drifting sediment trap, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 2233–2259, 2007.
Sarmiento, J. L., Hughes, T. M. C., Stouffer, R. J., and Manabe, S.: Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming, Nature, 393, 245–249, 1998.
Sarmiento, J. L., Slater, R., Barber, R., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Hirst, A. C., Kleypas, J., Matear, R., Mikolajewicz, U., Monfray, P., Soldatov, V., Spall, S. A., and Stouffer, R.: Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002134, 2004.
Sarthou, G., Timmermans, K. R., Blain, S., and Tréguer, P.: Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review, J. Sea Res., 53, 25–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.007, 2005.
Schmoker, C., Hernández-León, S., and Calbet, A.: Microzooplankton grazing in the oceans: impacts, data variability, knowledge gaps and future directions, J. Plankton Res., 35, 691–706, 2013.
Scott, F. J. and Marchant, J.: Antarctic Marine Protists, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 2005.
Sedwick, P., Blain, S., Quéguiner, B., Griffiths, F., Fiala, M., Bucciarelli, E., and Denis, M.: Resource limitation of phytoplankton growth in the Crozet Basin, Subantarctic Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 3327–3349, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00086-3, 2002.
Sigmon, D. E., Nelson, D. M., and Brzezinski, M. A.: The Si cycle in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean: seasonal diatom production in the surface layer and export to the deep sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 1747–1763, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00010-3, 2002.
Signorini, S. R., Garcia, V. M. T., Piola, A. R., Garcia, C. A. E., Mata, M. M., and McClain, C. R.: Seasonal and interannual variability of calcite in the vicinity of the Patagonian shelf break (38° S–52° S), Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16610, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026592, 2006.
Smith, H. E. K., Tyrrell, T., Charalampopoulou, A., Dumousseaud, C., Legge, O. J., Birchenough, S., Pettit, L. R., Garley, R., Hartman, S. E., Hartman, M. C., Sagoo, N., Daniels, C. J., Achterberg, E. P., and Hydes, D. J.: Predominance of heavily calcified coccolithophores at low CaCO3 saturation during winter in the Bay of Biscay, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 8845–8849, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117508109, 2012.
Smith, H. E. K., Poulton, A. J., Hopkins, J., and Balch, W. M.: Coccolithophore and diatom cell abundance from the upper mixed later of the Great Calcite Belt, January–February 2011 in the South Atlantic Ocean and February–March 2012 in the South Indian Ocean, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.879790, 2017.
Tortell, P. D., Payne, C. D., Li, Y., Trimborn, S., Rost, B., Smith, W. O., Riesselman, C., Dunbar, R. B., Sedwick, P., and DiTullio, G. R.: CO2 sensitivity of Southern Ocean phytoplankton, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032583, 2008.
Tréguer, P., Nelson, D. M., Van Bennekom, A. J., and DeMaster, D. J., Leynaert, A., and Quéguiner, B.: The Silica Balance in the World Ocean: A Reestimate, Science, 268, 375–379, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5209.375, 1995.
Tsuchiya, M., Talley, L. D., and McCartney, M. S.: Water-mass distributions in the western South Atlantic; A section from South Georgia Island (54S) northward across the equator, J. Marine Sys., 52, 55–81, 1994.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Gentili, B., and Stramski, D.: Phytoplankton class-specific primary production in the world's oceans: Seasonal and interannual variability from satellite observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB3016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003680, 2010.
Venables, H. and Moore, C. M.: Phytoplankton and light limitation in the Southern Ocean: Learning from high-nutrient, high-chlorophyll areas, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C02015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005361, 2010.
Verbeek, J. W.: Recent calcareous nannoplankton in the southernmost Atlantic, Polarforschung, 59, 45–60, 1989.
Winter, A., Jordan, R. W., and Roth, P. H.: Biogeography of living coccolithophores in ocean waters, in: Coccolithophores, edited by: Winter, A. and Siesser, W. G., 39–49, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994.
Winter, A., Henderiks, J., Beaufort, L., Rickaby, R. E. M., and Brown, C. W.: Poleward expansion of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, J. Plankton Res., 36, 316–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt110, 2013.
Young, J., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Sprengel, C., Probert, I., and Ostergaard, J.: A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy, J. Nannoplankton Res., 1, 1–132, 2003.
Short summary
The Great Calcite Belt (GCB), a region of high calcite concentration from coccolithophores, covers 60 % of the Southern Ocean area. We examined the influence of temperature, macronutrients, and carbonate chemistry on the distribution of mineralizing phytoplankton in the GCB. Coccolithophores occupy a niche in the Southern Ocean after the diatom spring bloom depletes silicic acid. No single environmental variable holds a dominant influence over phytoplankton biogeography in summer GCB conditions.
The Great Calcite Belt (GCB), a region of high calcite concentration from coccolithophores,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint