Articles | Volume 15, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ideas and perspectives
| Highlight paper
| 
15 Aug 2018
Ideas and perspectives | Highlight paper |
| 15 Aug 2018
| 15 Aug 2018
Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks
Daniel D. Richter
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
27708, USA
Sharon A. Billings
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas Biological
Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
Peter M. Groffman
City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center and
Brooklyn College, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, New York,
NY, USA
Eugene F. Kelly
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University,
Ft. Collins, CO, USA
Kathleen A. Lohse
Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University,
Pocatello, ID, USA
William H. McDowell
Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of
New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
Timothy S. White
Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, PA, USA
Suzanne Anderson
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Dept. of Geography,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Dennis D. Baldocchi
Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of
California at Berkeley, CA, USA
Steve Banwart
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Susan Brantley
Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, PA, USA
Jean J. Braun
Geosciences Environment Toulouse, Universite de Toulouse,
Toulouse, FR and University of Yaounide, LIM DYCOFAC, IRD, Yaounde, Cameroon
Zachary S. Brecheisen
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
27708, USA
Charles W. Cook
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
27708, USA
Hilairy E. Hartnett
School of Earth and Space Exploration and School of Molecular
Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Sarah E. Hobbie
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of
Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
Jerome Gaillardet
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut Universitaire de
France, Paris, France
Esteban Jobbagy
Grupo de Estudios Ambientales – IMASL, CONICET, and Universidad
Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
Hermann F. Jungkunst
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
Clare E. Kazanski
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of
Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
Jagdish Krishnaswamy
Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE),
Bangalore, India
Daniel Markewitz
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of
Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Katherine O'Neill
Environmental Studies, Roanoke College, Salem, VA, USA
Clifford S. Riebe
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, WY, USA
Paul Schroeder
Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Christina Siebe
Instituto de Geologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,
Mexico City, Mexico
Whendee L. Silver
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management,
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Aaron Thompson
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia,
Athens, GA, USA
Anne Verhoef
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, The University
of Reading, Reading, UK
Ganlin Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008,
China
Related authors
Susan L. Brantley, William H. McDowell, William E. Dietrich, Timothy S. White, Praveen Kumar, Suzanne P. Anderson, Jon Chorover, Kathleen Ann Lohse, Roger C. Bales, Daniel D. Richter, Gordon Grant, and Jérôme Gaillardet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 841–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-841-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-841-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The layer known as the critical zone extends from the tree tops to the groundwater. This zone varies globally as a function of land use, climate, and geology. Energy and materials input from the land surface downward impact the subsurface landscape of water, gas, weathered material, and biota – at the same time that differences at depth also impact the superficial landscape. Scientists are designing observatories to understand the critical zone and how it will evolve in the future.
Erin F. Katz, Caleb M. Arata, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Robert J. Weber, Darian Ng, Michael J. Milazzo, Haley Byrne, Hui Wang, Alex B. Guenther, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Joshua Apte, Dennis D. Baldocchi, and Allen H. Goldstein
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Terpenoids are organic gases that can originate from natural and human-caused sources, and their fast reactions in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. Emissions of organic gases in an urban environment were measured. For some terpenoids, human-caused sources were responsible for about a quarter of the emissions, while others were likely to be entirely from vegetation. The terpenoids contributed substantially to the potential to form secondary pollutants.
Ruoyu Zhang, Lawrence E. Band, Peter M. Groffman, Laurence Lin, Amanda K. Suchy, Jonathan M. Duncan, and Arthur J. Gold
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4599–4621, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4599-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4599-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Human-induced nitrogen (N) from fertilization and septic effluents is the primary N source in urban watersheds. We developed a model to understand how spatial and temporal patterns of these loads affect hydrologic and biogeochemical processes at the hillslope level. The comparable simulations to observations showed the ability of our model to enhance insights into current water quality conditions, identify high-N-retention locations, and plan future restorations to improve urban water quality.
Nicolai Brekenfeld, Solenn Cotel, Mikaël Faucheux, Paul Floury, Colin Fourtet, Jérôme Gaillardet, Sophie Guillon, Yannick Hamon, Hocine Henine, Patrice Petitjean, Anne-Catherine Pierson-Wickmann, Marie-Claire Pierret, and Ophélie Fovet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4309–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4309-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4309-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The proposed methodology consists of simultaneously analysing the concentration variation of solute pairs during a storm event by plotting the concentration variation of one solute against the variation of another solute. This can reveal whether two or more end-members contribute to streamflow during a storm event. Furthermore, the variation of the solute ratios during the events can indicate which catchment processes are dominant and which are negligible.
Tobias Karl David Weber, Lutz Weihermüller, Attila Nemes, Michel Bechtold, Aurore Degré, Efstathios Diamantopoulos, Simone Fatichi, Vilim Filipović, Surya Gupta, Tobias L. Hohenbrink, Daniel R. Hirmas, Conrad Jackisch, Quirijn de Jong van Lier, John Koestel, Peter Lehmann, Toby R. Marthews, Budiman Minasny, Holger Pagel, Martine van der Ploeg, Shahab Aldin Shojaeezadeh, Simon Fiil Svane, Brigitta Szabó, Harry Vereecken, Anne Verhoef, Michael Young, Yijian Zeng, Yonggen Zhang, and Sara Bonetti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3391–3433, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are used to predict parameters of models describing the hydraulic properties of soils. The appropriateness of these predictions critically relies on the nature of the datasets for training the PTFs and the physical comprehensiveness of the models. This roadmap paper is addressed to PTF developers and users and critically reflects the utility and future of PTFs. To this end, we present a manifesto aiming at a paradigm shift in PTF research.
Yutian Ke, Damien Calmels, Julien Bouchez, Marc Massault, Benjamin Chetelat, Aurélie Noret, Hongming Cai, Jiubin Chen, Jérôme Gaillardet, and Cécile Quantin
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 347–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through a river cross-section, we show that fluvial organic carbon in the lower Huanghe has clear vertical and lateral heterogeneity in elemental and isotopic signals. Bank erosion supplies terrestrial organic carbon to the fluvial transport. Physical erosion of aged and refractory organic carbon, including radiocarbon-dead organic carbon source from the biosphere, from relatively deep soil horizons of the Chinese Loess Plateau contributes to fluvial particulate organic carbon in the Huanghe.
Bimal K. Bhattacharya, Kaniska Mallick, Devansh Desai, Ganapati S. Bhat, Ross Morrison, Jamie R. Clevery, William Woodgate, Jason Beringer, Kerry Cawse-Nicholson, Siyan Ma, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5521–5551, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Evaporation retrieval in heterogeneous ecosystems is challenging due to empirical estimation of ground heat flux and complex parameterizations of conductances. We developed a parameter-sparse coupled ground heat flux-evaporation model and tested it across different limits of water stress and vegetation fraction in the Northern/Southern Hemisphere. The model performed particularly well in the savannas and showed good potential for evaporative stress monitoring from thermal infrared satellites.
Moussa Moustapha, Loris Deirmendjian, David Sebag, Jean-Jacques Braun, Stéphane Audry, Henriette Ateba Bessa, Thierry Adatte, Carole Causserand, Ibrahima Adamou, Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha, and Frédéric Guérin
Biogeosciences, 19, 137–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We monitor the spatio-temporal variability of organic and inorganic carbon (C) species in the tropical Nyong River (Cameroon), across groundwater and increasing stream orders. We show the significant contribution of wetland as a C source for tropical rivers. Thus, ignoring the river–wetland connectivity might lead to the misrepresentation of C dynamics in tropical watersheds. Finally, total fluvial carbon losses might offset ~10 % of the net C sink estimated for the whole Nyong watershed.
Sakaros Bogning, Frédéric Frappart, Gil Mahé, Adrien Paris, Raphael Onguene, Fabien Blarel, Fernando Niño, Jacques Etame, and Jean-Jacques Braun
Proc. IAHS, 384, 181–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates links between rainfall variability in the Ogooué River Basin (ORB) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean. Recent hydroclimatology studies of the ORB and surrounding areas resulting in contrasting conclusions about links between rainfall variability and ENSO. Then, this work uses cross-wavelet and wavelet coherence analysis to highlight significant links between ENSO and rainfall in the ORB.
Wouter Dorigo, Irene Himmelbauer, Daniel Aberer, Lukas Schremmer, Ivana Petrakovic, Luca Zappa, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Angelika Xaver, Frank Annor, Jonas Ardö, Dennis Baldocchi, Marco Bitelli, Günter Blöschl, Heye Bogena, Luca Brocca, Jean-Christophe Calvet, J. Julio Camarero, Giorgio Capello, Minha Choi, Michael C. Cosh, Nick van de Giesen, Istvan Hajdu, Jaakko Ikonen, Karsten H. Jensen, Kasturi Devi Kanniah, Ileen de Kat, Gottfried Kirchengast, Pankaj Kumar Rai, Jenni Kyrouac, Kristine Larson, Suxia Liu, Alexander Loew, Mahta Moghaddam, José Martínez Fernández, Cristian Mattar Bader, Renato Morbidelli, Jan P. Musial, Elise Osenga, Michael A. Palecki, Thierry Pellarin, George P. Petropoulos, Isabella Pfeil, Jarrett Powers, Alan Robock, Christoph Rüdiger, Udo Rummel, Michael Strobel, Zhongbo Su, Ryan Sullivan, Torbern Tagesson, Andrej Varlagin, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Jeffrey Walker, Jun Wen, Fred Wenger, Jean Pierre Wigneron, Mel Woods, Kun Yang, Yijian Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Marek Zreda, Stephan Dietrich, Alexander Gruber, Peter van Oevelen, Wolfgang Wagner, Klaus Scipal, Matthias Drusch, and Roberto Sabia
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5749–5804, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) is a community-based open-access data portal for soil water measurements taken at the ground and is accessible at https://ismn.earth. Over 1000 scientific publications and thousands of users have made use of the ISMN. The scope of this paper is to inform readers about the data and functionality of the ISMN and to provide a review of the scientific progress facilitated through the ISMN with the scope to shape future research and operations.
Joseph P. Verdian, Leonard S. Sklar, Clifford S. Riebe, and Jeffrey R. Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1073–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1073-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1073-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
River behavior depends on the size of rocks they carry. Rocks are born on hillslopes where erosion removes fragments from solid bedrock. To understand what controls the size of rock fragments, we measured the spacing between cracks exposed in 15 bare-rock cliffs and the size of rocks on the ground below. We found that, for each site, the average rock size could be predicted from the average distance between cracks, which varied with rock type. This shows how rock type can influence rivers.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Andrew R. Shaughnessy, Xin Gu, Tao Wen, and Susan L. Brantley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3397–3409, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3397-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3397-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is often difficult to determine the sources of solutes in streams and how much each source contributes. We developed a new method of unmixing stream chemistry via machine learning. We found that sulfate in three watersheds is related to groundwater flowpaths. Our results emphasize that acid rain reduces a watershed's capacity to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, a key geological control on climate. Our method will help scientists unmix stream chemistry in watersheds where sources are unknown.
Pierre Nevers, Julien Bouchez, Jérôme Gaillardet, Christophe Thomazo, Delphine Charpentier, Laëticia Faure, and Catherine Bertrand
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 487–504, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-487-2021, 2021
Anna B. Harper, Karina E. Williams, Patrick C. McGuire, Maria Carolina Duran Rojas, Debbie Hemming, Anne Verhoef, Chris Huntingford, Lucy Rowland, Toby Marthews, Cleiton Breder Eller, Camilla Mathison, Rodolfo L. B. Nobrega, Nicola Gedney, Pier Luigi Vidale, Fred Otu-Larbi, Divya Pandey, Sebastien Garrigues, Azin Wright, Darren Slevin, Martin G. De Kauwe, Eleanor Blyth, Jonas Ardö, Andrew Black, Damien Bonal, Nina Buchmann, Benoit Burban, Kathrin Fuchs, Agnès de Grandcourt, Ivan Mammarella, Lutz Merbold, Leonardo Montagnani, Yann Nouvellon, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, and Georg Wohlfahrt
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3269–3294, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated 10 representations of soil moisture stress in the JULES land surface model against site observations of GPP and latent heat flux. Increasing the soil depth and plant access to deep soil moisture improved many aspects of the simulations, and we recommend these settings in future work using JULES. In addition, using soil matric potential presents the opportunity to include parameters specific to plant functional type to further improve modeled fluxes.
William R. Wieder, Derek Pierson, Stevan Earl, Kate Lajtha, Sara G. Baer, Ford Ballantyne, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Sharon A. Billings, Laurel M. Brigham, Stephany S. Chacon, Jennifer Fraterrigo, Serita D. Frey, Katerina Georgiou, Marie-Anne de Graaff, A. Stuart Grandy, Melannie D. Hartman, Sarah E. Hobbie, Chris Johnson, Jason Kaye, Emily Kyker-Snowman, Marcy E. Litvak, Michelle C. Mack, Avni Malhotra, Jessica A. M. Moore, Knute Nadelhoffer, Craig Rasmussen, Whendee L. Silver, Benjamin N. Sulman, Xanthe Walker, and Samantha Weintraub
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1843–1854, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Data collected from research networks present opportunities to test theories and develop models about factors responsible for the long-term persistence and vulnerability of soil organic matter (SOM). Here we present the SOils DAta Harmonization database (SoDaH), a flexible database designed to harmonize diverse SOM datasets from multiple research networks.
Debjani Sihi, Xiaofeng Xu, Mónica Salazar Ortiz, Christine S. O'Connell, Whendee L. Silver, Carla López-Lloreda, Julia M. Brenner, Ryan K. Quinn, Jana R. Phillips, Brent D. Newman, and Melanie A. Mayes
Biogeosciences, 18, 1769–1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Humid tropical soils are important sources and sinks of methane. We used model simulation to understand how different kinds of microbes and observed soil moisture and oxygen dynamics contribute to production and consumption of methane along a wet tropical hillslope during normal and drought conditions. Drought alters the diffusion of oxygen and microbial substrates into and out of soil microsites, resulting in enhanced methane release from the entire hillslope during drought recovery.
Lyla L. Taylor, Charles T. Driscoll, Peter M. Groffman, Greg H. Rau, Joel D. Blum, and David J. Beerling
Biogeosciences, 18, 169–188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy involving soil amendments with silicate rock dust. Over 15 years, a small silicate application led to net CDR of 8.5–11.5 t CO2/ha in an acid-rain-impacted New Hampshire forest. We accounted for the total carbon cost of treatment and compared effects with an adjacent, untreated forest. Our results suggest ERW can improve the greenhouse gas balance of similar forests in addition to mitigating acid rain effects.
Quentin Charbonnier, Julien Bouchez, Jérôme Gaillardet, and Éric Gayer
Biogeosciences, 17, 5989–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance and isotope composition of the trace metal barium (Ba) allows us to track and quantify nutrient cycling throughout the Amazon Basin. In particular, we show that the Ba biological fingerprint evolves from that of a strong net nutrient uptake in the mountainous area of the Andes towards efficient nutrient recycling on the plains of the Lower Amazon. Our study highlights the fact that the geochemical signature of rock-derived nutrients transported by the Amazon is scarred by life.
Matthew L. Trumper, Daniel Griffin, Sarah E. Hobbie, Ian M. Howard, David M. Nelson, Peter B. Reich, and Kendra K. McLauchlan
Biogeosciences, 17, 4509–4522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4509-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4509-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed century-scale records of wood nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) from 16 trees across a long-term savanna fire experiment. Results show similar long-term trajectories in three out of four burn treatments. Lack of evidence to support our hypotheses underscores the complexity of nitrogen dynamics inferred from wood δ15N. This is the first study to our knowledge to investigate multi-decadal effects of fire at different return intervals on wood δ15N, a potential proxy of nitrogen availability.
Maha Deeb, Peter M. Groffman, Manuel Blouin, Sara Perl Egendorf, Alan Vergnes, Viacheslav Vasenev, Donna L. Cao, Daniel Walsh, Tatiana Morin, and Geoffroy Séré
SOIL, 6, 413–434, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-413-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this study was to discuss current methods to create soils adapted for various green infrastructure (GI) designs. Investigating these new soils for several design categories of GI will provide technical information for management and design agencies. Moreover, these studies can serve as pioneer experiments to prevent recurring errors and, thus, provide improved plant growth practices. Results show that these constructed soils have a high potential to provide multiple soil functions.
Yang Lin, Ashley N. Campbell, Amrita Bhattacharyya, Nicole DiDonato, Allison M. Thompson, Malak M. Tfaily, Peter S. Nico, Whendee L. Silver, and Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-59, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-59, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Soils in tropical forests play an important role of breaking down dead plant tissue and returning carbon to the atmosphere. This process is previously thought to be regulated soil oxygen level. However, we found that the break-down of new plant carbon by soils did not depend on oxygen. Even without oxygen, some soil microbes can use plant carbons in the forms like sugar and protein. Once these compounds were exhausted, oxygen limitation became to influence organic matter break-down.
Yang Lin, Avner Gross, Christine S. O'Connell, and Whendee L. Silver
Biogeosciences, 17, 89–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-89-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-89-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphorus (P) is an important soil nutrient that often limits plant growth and microbial activity in humid tropical forests. These ecosystems receive a large amount of rainfall that helps create frequent anoxic events in soils. Our results show that anoxic conditions reduced the strength of soil minerals to bind P even though a large amount of P was still bound to minerals. Our study suggests that anoxic events might serve as hot moments for plants and microbes to acquire P.
Corey R. Lawrence, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Alison M. Hoyt, Grey Monroe, Carlos A. Sierra, Shane Stoner, Katherine Heckman, Joseph C. Blankinship, Susan E. Crow, Gavin McNicol, Susan Trumbore, Paul A. Levine, Olga Vindušková, Katherine Todd-Brown, Craig Rasmussen, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Christina Schädel, Karis McFarlane, Sebastian Doetterl, Christine Hatté, Yujie He, Claire Treat, Jennifer W. Harden, Margaret S. Torn, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Marco Keiluweit, Ágatha Della Rosa Kuhnen, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Alain F. Plante, Aaron Thompson, Zheng Shi, Joshua P. Schimel, Lydia J. S. Vaughn, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Rota Wagai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) is an an open-source archive of soil data focused on datasets including radiocarbon measurements. ISRaD includes data from bulk or
whole soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil surface.
Jason Philip Kaye, Susan L. Brantley, Jennifer Zan Williams, and the SSHCZO team
Biogeosciences, 16, 4661–4669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4661-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4661-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Interdisciplinary teams can only capitalize on innovative ideas if members work well together through collegial and efficient use of field sites, instrumentation, samples, data, and model code. Thus, biogeoscience teams may benefit from developing a set of best practices for collaboration. We present one such example from a the Susquehanna Shale Hills critical zone observatory. Many of the themes from our example are universal, and they offer insights useful to other biogeoscience teams.
Steffen Buessecker, Kaitlyn Tylor, Joshua Nye, Keith E. Holbert, Jose D. Urquiza Muñoz, Jennifer B. Glass, Hilairy E. Hartnett, and Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
Biogeosciences, 16, 4601–4612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the potential for chemical reduction of nitrite into nitrous oxide (N2O) in soils from tropical peat. Among treatments, irradiation resulted in the lowest biological interference and least change of native soil chemistry (iron and organic matter). Nitrite depletion was as high in live or irradiated soils, and N2O production was significant in all tests. Thus, nonbiological production of N2O may be widely underestimated in wetlands and tropical peatlands.
Camille Jourdan, Valérie Borrell-Estupina, David Sebag, Jean-Jacques Braun, Jean-Pierre Bedimo Bedimo, François Colin, Armand Crabit, Alain Fezeu, Cécile Llovel, Jules Rémy Ndam Ngoupayou, Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha, Sandra Van-Exter, Eric Servat, and Roger Moussa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-116, 2019
Publication in HESS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
In the theme Panta Rhei, this paper aims to develop a combined approach of data acquisition and a new semi-distributed non-stationary model taking into account land-use changes to reconstruct and predict annual runoff on an urban catchment in a data-sparse context. We use historical data and deploy a complementary short-term spatially-dense dedicated instrumentation. Applications were conducted on the tropical Mefou catchment (Yaoundé, Cameroon) to assess contributions of sub-catchments.
Patrick R. Kormos, Danny G. Marks, Mark S. Seyfried, Scott C. Havens, Andrew Hedrick, Kathleen A. Lohse, Micah Sandusky, Annelen Kahl, and David Garen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1197–1205, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1197-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1197-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Thirty-one years of hourly gridded (10 m) air temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, precipitation amount, and precipitation phase data are presented for the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, which is part of the Critical Zone Observatory network. The air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation are distributed from weather station measurements. This dataset covers a wide range of weather extremes in the rain–snow transition zone from 1984 to 2014.
Roland Baatz, Pamela L. Sullivan, Li Li, Samantha R. Weintraub, Henry W. Loescher, Michael Mirtl, Peter M. Groffman, Diana H. Wall, Michael Young, Tim White, Hang Wen, Steffen Zacharias, Ingolf Kühn, Jianwu Tang, Jérôme Gaillardet, Isabelle Braud, Alejandro N. Flores, Praveen Kumar, Henry Lin, Teamrat Ghezzehei, Julia Jones, Henry L. Gholz, Harry Vereecken, and Kris Van Looy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 593–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the usage of integrated models and in situ Earth observatory networks, three challenges are identified to advance understanding of ESD, in particular to strengthen links between biotic and abiotic, and above- and below-ground processes. We propose developing a model platform for interdisciplinary usage, to formalize current network infrastructure based on complementarities and operational synergies, and to extend the reanalysis concept to the ecosystem and critical zone.
Susan L. Brantley, William H. McDowell, William E. Dietrich, Timothy S. White, Praveen Kumar, Suzanne P. Anderson, Jon Chorover, Kathleen Ann Lohse, Roger C. Bales, Daniel D. Richter, Gordon Grant, and Jérôme Gaillardet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 841–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-841-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-841-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The layer known as the critical zone extends from the tree tops to the groundwater. This zone varies globally as a function of land use, climate, and geology. Energy and materials input from the land surface downward impact the subsurface landscape of water, gas, weathered material, and biota – at the same time that differences at depth also impact the superficial landscape. Scientists are designing observatories to understand the critical zone and how it will evolve in the future.
Paul Floury, Jérôme Gaillardet, Eric Gayer, Julien Bouchez, Gaëlle Tallec, Patrick Ansart, Frédéric Koch, Caroline Gorge, Arnaud Blanchouin, and Jean-Louis Roubaty
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6153–6165, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6153-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6153-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new prototype
lab in the fieldnamed River Lab (RL) designed for water quality monitoring to perform a complete analysis at sub-hourly frequency of major dissolved species in river water. The article is an analytical paper to present the proof of concept, its performances and improvements. Our tests reveal a significant improvement of reproducibility compared to conventional analysis in the laboratory. First results are promising for understanding the critical zone.
Susan L. Brantley, David M. Eissenstat, Jill A. Marshall, Sarah E. Godsey, Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad, Diana L. Karwan, Shirley A. Papuga, Joshua Roering, Todd E. Dawson, Jaivime Evaristo, Oliver Chadwick, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, and Kathleen C. Weathers
Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This review represents the outcome from an invigorating workshop discussion that involved tree physiologists, geomorphologists, ecologists, geochemists, and hydrologists and developed nine hypotheses that could be tested. We argue these hypotheses point to the essence of issues we must explore if we are to understand how the natural system of the earth surface evolves, and how humans will affect its evolution. This paper will create discussion and interest both before and after publication.
Carsten Montzka, Michael Herbst, Lutz Weihermüller, Anne Verhoef, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 529–543, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-529-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-529-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Global climate models require adequate parameterization of soil hydraulic properties, but typical resampling to the model grid introduces uncertainties. Here we present a method to scale hydraulic parameters to individual model grids and provide a global data set that overcomes the problems. It preserves the information of sub-grid variability of the water retention curve by deriving local scaling parameters that enables modellers to perturb hydraulic parameters for model ensemble generation.
Leonard S. Sklar, Clifford S. Riebe, Claire E. Lukens, and Dino Bellugi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 799–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-799-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-799-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand how rainfall, erosion, and other landscape processes create patterns of outflow from catchments, we developed a new way of measuring how the land surface is organized. Each hillslope area, where water and sediment are sourced, has an elevation above the catchment outlet and a horizontal distance that materials must travel to reach the outlet. We combined these attributes in a new metric that captures how the production and loss of energy varies within and between catchments.
Wendy H. Yang and Whendee L. Silver
Biogeosciences, 13, 1705–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1705-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1705-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide and methane are potent greenhouse gases that are both produced and consumed in soil. Using stable isotope tracers, we found that 68 % of nitrous oxide produced in soil was emitted to the atmosphere throughout the growing season in a cornfield despite variable soil conditions. Gross methane production and consumption were tightly coupled, resulting in near-zero net fluxes. Our results challenge our understanding of controls on nitrous oxide and methane dynamics in upland soils.
Susan L. Brantley, Roman A. DiBiase, Tess A. Russo, Yuning Shi, Henry Lin, Kenneth J. Davis, Margot Kaye, Lillian Hill, Jason Kaye, David M. Eissenstat, Beth Hoagland, Ashlee L. Dere, Andrew L. Neal, Kristen M. Brubaker, and Dan K. Arthur
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 211–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-211-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-211-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In order to better understand and forecast the evolution of the environment from the top of the vegetation canopy down to bedrock, numerous types of intensive measurements have been made over several years in a small watershed. The ability to expand such a study to larger areas and different environments requiring fewer measurements is essential. This study presents one possible approach to such an expansion, to collect necessary and sufficient measurements in order to forecast this evolution.
E. M. Herndon, A. L. Dere, P. L. Sullivan, D. Norris, B. Reynolds, and S. L. Brantley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3333–3347, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3333-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3333-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Solute concentrations in headwater streams vary with discharge due to changing flow paths through the catchment during precipitation events. A comparison of stream chemistry across three headwater catchments reveals that solute heterogeneity across each landscape controls how different solutes respond to increasing discharge. Solute heterogeneity is at least partially controlled by landscape distributions of vegetation and soil organic matter.
J. H. Matthes, S. H. Knox, C. Sturtevant, O. Sonnentag, J. Verfaillie, and D. Baldocchi
Biogeosciences, 12, 4577–4594, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4577-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4577-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This research used a long-term data set of near-surface canopy hyperspectral reflectance collected over 5 years to test the ability of these measurements to predict ecosystem carbon flux at a pasture and rice paddy in the California Delta, USA. We determined that each reflectance sampling event best captured the integrated prior week of carbon dioxide uptake, providing an important benchmark for understanding the lagged correlation between ecosystem carbon uptake and biochemical reflectance.
S. J Hall, G. McNicol, T. Natake, and W. L. Silver
Biogeosciences, 12, 2471–2487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2471-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2471-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We used measurements of radiocarbon to model the decomposition of organic matter associated with minerals in tropical rainforest soils, using contemporary and archived samples. Most organic matter decomposed over 11 to 26 years, while a smaller portion decomposed over centuries. Rates were similar among soils with strongly differing physical and chemical properties, but declined with a proxy for oxygen limitation. Previous models based on one time point may underestimate decomposition rates.
J. W. van Groenigen, D. Huygens, P. Boeckx, Th. W. Kuyper, I. M. Lubbers, T. Rütting, and P. M. Groffman
SOIL, 1, 235–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-235-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-235-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Physical - Biological Coupling
Impact of stratiform liquid water clouds on vegetation albedo quantified by coupling an atmosphere and a vegetation radiative transfer model
Technical note: Investigating saline water uptake by roots using spectral induced polarization
Source-to-sink pathways of dissolved organic carbon in the river–estuary–ocean continuum: a modeling investigation
Estimating the variability of deep ocean particle flux collected by sediment traps using satellite data and machine learning
Impact of livestock activity on near-surface ground temperatures in central Mongolian grasslands
Two different phytoplankton blooming mechanisms over the East China Sea during El-Niño decaying summers
Evolution of biogeochemical Properties Inside Poleward Undercurrent Eddies in the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Impact of canopy environmental variables on the diurnal dynamics of water and carbon dioxide exchange at leaf and canopy level
Unique ocean circulation pathways reshape the Indian Ocean oxygen minimum zone with warming
Contribution of the open ocean to the nutrient and phytoplankton inventory in a semi-enclosed coastal sea
The contrasted phytoplankton dynamics across a frontal system in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea
Sub-frontal niches of plankton communities driven by transport and trophic interactions at ocean fronts
Differential feeding habits of the shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus correlate with their resident vent types at a scale of meters
Satellite data reveal earlier and stronger phytoplankton blooms over fronts in the Gulf Stream region
Assimilation of multiple datasets results in large differences in regional- to global-scale NEE and GPP budgets simulated by a terrestrial biosphere model
Spatiotemporal lagging of predictors improves machine learning estimates of atmosphere–forest CO2 exchange
Phytoplankton reaction to an intense storm in the north-western Mediterranean Sea
Lagrangian and Eulerian time and length scales of mesoscale ocean chlorophyll from Bio-Argo floats and satellites
Reply to Lars Olof Björn's comment on “Fundamental molecules of life are pigments which arose and co-evolved as a response to the thermodynamic imperative of dissipating the prevailing solar spectrum” by Michaelian and Simeonov (2015)
Modelling submerged biofouled microplastics and their vertical trajectories
A Bayesian sequential updating approach to predict phenology of silage maize
Using an oceanographic model to investigate the mystery of the missing puerulus
Climate pathways behind phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming
Impact of moderately energetic fine-scale dynamics on the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea
Seasonal ecosystem vulnerability to climatic anomalies in the Mediterranean
Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation
Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data
Do Loop Current eddies stimulate productivity in the Gulf of Mexico?
Quasi-tropical cyclone caused anomalous autumn coccolithophore bloom in the Black Sea
Divergent climate feedbacks on winter wheat growing and dormancy periods as affected by sowing date in the North China Plain
Microclimatic comparison of lichen heaths and shrubs: shrubification generates atmospheric heating but subsurface cooling during the growing season
Fire and vegetation dynamics in northwest Siberia during the last 60 years based on high-resolution remote sensing
Evidence of eddy-related deep-ocean current variability in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean induced by remote gap winds
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone
Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system
Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer–prey systems
Abundance and viability of particle-attached and free-floating bacteria in dusty and nondusty air
Linking tundra vegetation, snow, soil temperature, and permafrost
Drivers of the spatial phytoplankton gradient in estuarine–coastal systems: generic implications of a case study in a Dutch tidal bay
Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bioirrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen budget in the Yucatán shelf: driving mechanisms through a physical–biogeochemical coupled model
Basal thermal regime affects the biogeochemistry of subglacial systems
Influence of oceanic conditions in the energy transfer efficiency estimation of a micronekton model
Modulation of the North Atlantic deoxygenation by the slowdown of the nutrient stream
Stand age and species composition effects on surface albedo in a mixedwood boreal forest
Assessing the peatland hummock–hollow classification framework using high-resolution elevation models: implications for appropriate complexity ecosystem modeling
Tidal and seasonal forcing of dissolved nutrient fluxes in reef communities
Ideas and perspectives: Development of nascent autotrophic carbon fixation systems in various redox conditions of the fluid degassing on early Earth
Vertical distribution of chlorophyll in dynamically distinct regions of the southern Bay of Bengal
Remote and local drivers of oxygen and nitrate variability in the shallow oxygen minimum zone off Mauritania in June 2014
Kevin Wolf, Evelyn Jäkel, André Ehrlich, Michael Schäfer, Hannes Feilhauer, Andreas Huth, Alexandra Weigelt, and Manfred Wendisch
Biogeosciences, 22, 2909–2933, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2909-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2909-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports an investigation of the influence of clouds on vegetation albedo using a coupled atmosphere–vegetation radiative transfer model. Both models are iteratively linked to simulate cloud–vegetation–radiation interactions over canopies more realistically. Solar, spectral, and broadband irradiances have been simulated under varying cloud conditions. The simulated irradiances were used to investigate the spectral and broadband effect of clouds on vegetation albedo.
Solomon Ehosioke, Sarah Garré, Johan Alexander Huisman, Egon Zimmermann, Mathieu Javaux, and Frédéric Nguyen
Biogeosciences, 22, 2853–2869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2853-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2853-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the electromagnetic properties of plant roots is useful to quantify plant properties and monitor plant physiological responses to changing environmental factors. We investigated the electrical properties of the primary roots of Brachypodium and maize plants during the uptake of fresh and saline water using spectral induced polarization. Our results indicate that salinity tolerance varies with the species and that Maize is more tolerant to salinity than Brachypodium.
Jialing Yao, Zhi Chen, Jianzhong Ge, and Wenyan Zhang
Biogeosciences, 21, 5435–5455, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5435-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5435-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transformation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in estuaries is vital for coastal carbon cycling. We studied source-to-sink pathways of DOC in the Changjiang Estuary using a physics–biogeochemistry model. Results showed a transition of DOC from a sink to a source in the plume area during summer, with a transition from terrestrial-dominant to marine-dominant DOC. Terrigenous and marine DOC exports account for about 31 % and 69 %, respectively.
Théo Picard, Chelsey A. Baker, Jonathan Gula, Ronan Fablet, Laurent Mémery, and Richard Lampitt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3292, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3292, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean sediment traps measure the sequestrated sinking organic carbon. While sinking, the particles are affected by local currents, which presents a challenge in linking the deep flux with the surface. We present a machine learning tool that predicts the source location of the sinking particles based on satellite data. The predictions demonstrate a stronger correlation between surface and deep carbon fluxes, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of the deep carbon sequestration drivers.
Robin Benjamin Zweigel, Avirmed Dashtseren, Khurelbaatar Temuujin, Anarmaa Sharkhuu, Clare Webster, Hanna Lee, and Sebastian Westermann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5059–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Intense grazing at grassland sites removes vegetation, reduces the snow cover, and inhibits litter layers from forming. Grazed sites generally have a larger annual ground surface temperature amplitude than ungrazed sites, but the net effect depends on effects in the transitional seasons. Our results also suggest that seasonal use of pastures can reduce ground temperatures, which can be a strategy to protect currently degrading grassland permafrost.
Dong-Geon Lee, Ji-Hoon Oh, Jonghun Kam, and Jong-Seong Kug
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3406, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3406, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During El Niño decaying summers, the East China Sea (ECS) experiences intensified phytoplankton blooms. Here, we suggest two different mechanisms. Atmospheric teleconnection induces increased rainfall, which elevates nutrient-rich runoff into the ECS. Additionally, the cyclonic wind patterns promote upwelling, delivering subsurface nutrients to surface waters. These two mechanisms operate concurrently, fueling robust phytoplankton blooms.
Lenna Oriana Ortiz-Castillo, Oscar Pizarro, Marcela Cornejo-D'Ottone, and Boris Dewitte
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1290, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Poleward undercurrent eddies (Puddies) transport a source water mass with low oxygen hundreds of kilometers away from the coast. A simulation based on a physical-biogeochemical model was used to characterize the biogeochemical average conditions inside the Puddies during their lifetime while modifying the conditions in the open sea. Our findings show that the biological activity extends the low oxygen core conditions counteracted by advection processes that tend to ventilate the core.
Raquel González-Armas, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, and Hugo de Boer
Biogeosciences, 21, 2425–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
Sam Ditkovsky, Laure Resplandy, and Julius Busecke
Biogeosciences, 20, 4711–4736, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The global ocean is losing oxygen due to warming. The Indian Ocean, however, is gaining oxygen in large parts of the basin, and its naturally occurring oxygen minimum zone is not expanding. This rather unexpected response is explained by the unique ocean circulation of the Indian Ocean, which is bounded by a continent to the north but connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Indonesian Throughflow.
Qian Leng, Xinyu Guo, Junying Zhu, and Akihiko Morimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 4323–4338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model, we revealed that a large proportion of nutrients in a semi-enclosed sea (Seto Inland Sea, Japan) comes from the Pacific Ocean and supports about half of the phytoplankton growth in the sea. Such results imply that the human-made management of nutrient load from land needs to consider the presence of oceanic nutrients, which act as a background concentration and are not controlled by human activities.
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Monique Messié, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Lloyd Izard, Yuan Zhao, Francesco d'Ovidio, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 20, 3491–3508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied a finescale frontal structure in order to highlight its influence on the dynamics and distribution of phytoplankton communities. We computed the growth rates of several phytoplankton groups identified by flow cytometry in two water masses separated by the front. We found contrasted phytoplankton dynamics on the two sides of the front, consistent with the distribution of their abundances. Our study gives new insights into the physical and biological coupling on a finescale front.
Inès Mangolte, Marina Lévy, Clément Haëck, and Mark D. Ohman
Biogeosciences, 20, 3273–3299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean fronts are ecological hotspots, associated with higher diversity and biomass for many marine organisms, from bacteria to whales. Using in situ data from the California Current Ecosystem, we show that far from being limited to the production of diatom blooms, fronts are the scene of complex biophysical couplings between biotic interactions (growth, competition, and predation) and transport by currents that generate planktonic communities with an original taxonomic and spatial structure.
Jing-Ying Wu, Siou-Yan Lin, Jung-Fu Huang, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Jia-Jang Hung, Shao-Hung Peng, and Li-Lian Liu
Biogeosciences, 20, 2693–2706, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2693-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2693-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The shallow-water hydrothermal vents off the Kueishan Island, Taiwan, have the most extreme records of pH values (1.52), temperatures (116 °C), and H2S concentrations (172.4 mmol mol−1) in the world. White and yellow vents differ in the color and physical and chemical characteristics of emitted plumes. We found that the feeding habits of the endemic vent crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) are adapted to their resident vent types at a distance of 100 m, and the trans-vent movement is uncommon.
Clément Haëck, Marina Lévy, Inès Mangolte, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 20, 1741–1758, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton vary in abundance in the ocean over large regions and with the seasons but also because of small-scale heterogeneities in surface temperature, called fronts. Here, using satellite imagery, we found that fronts enhance phytoplankton much more where it is already growing well, but despite large local increases the enhancement for the region is modest (5 %). We also found that blooms start 1 to 2 weeks earlier over fronts. These effects may have implications for ecosystems.
Cédric Bacour, Natasha MacBean, Frédéric Chevallier, Sébastien Léonard, Ernest N. Koffi, and Philippe Peylin
Biogeosciences, 20, 1089–1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1089-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1089-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of assimilating different dataset combinations on regional to global-scale C budgets is explored with the ORCHIDEE model. Assimilating simultaneously multiple datasets is preferable to optimize the values of the model parameters and avoid model overfitting. The challenges in constraining soil C disequilibrium using atmospheric CO2 data are highlighted for an accurate prediction of the land sink distribution.
Matti Kämäräinen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, and Anna Lintunen
Biogeosciences, 20, 897–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we introduce a new method for modeling the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and a study site located in a boreal forest in southern Finland. Our method yields more accurate results than previous approaches in this context. Accurately estimating carbon exchange is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the role of forests in regulating atmospheric carbon and addressing climate change.
Stéphanie Barrillon, Robin Fuchs, Anne A. Petrenko, Caroline Comby, Anthony Bosse, Christophe Yohia, Jean-Luc Fuda, Nagib Bhairy, Frédéric Cyr, Andrea M. Doglioli, Gérald Grégori, Roxane Tzortzis, Francesco d'Ovidio, and Melilotus Thyssen
Biogeosciences, 20, 141–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme weather events can have a major impact on ocean physics and biogeochemistry, but their study is challenging. In May 2019, an intense storm occurred in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, during which in situ multi-platform measurements were performed. The results show a strong impact on the surface phytoplankton, highlighting the need for high-resolution measurements coupling physics and biology during these violent events that may become more common in the context of global change.
Darren C. McKee, Scott C. Doney, Alice Della Penna, Emmanuel S. Boss, Peter Gaube, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and David M. Glover
Biogeosciences, 19, 5927–5952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As phytoplankton (small, drifting photosynthetic organisms) drift with ocean currents, biomass accumulation rates should be evaluated in a Lagrangian (observer moves with a fluid parcel) as opposed to an Eulerian (observer is stationary) framework. Here, we use profiling floats and surface drifters combined with satellite data to analyse time and length scales of chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for biomass) and of velocity to quantify how phytoplankton variability is related to water motion.
Karo Michaelian and Aleksandar Simeonov
Biogeosciences, 19, 4029–4034, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We reply to Lars Björn's critique of our article concerning the importance of photon dissipation to the origin and evolution of the biosphere. Björn doubts our assertion that organic pigments, ecosystems, and the biosphere arose out of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic imperative to increase global photon dissipation. He shows that the albedo of some non-living material is less than that of living material. We point out, however, that photon dissipation involves other factors besides albedo.
Reint Fischer, Delphine Lobelle, Merel Kooi, Albert Koelmans, Victor Onink, Charlotte Laufkötter, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Andrew Yool, and Erik van Sebille
Biogeosciences, 19, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Since current estimates show that only about 1 % of the all plastic that enters the ocean is floating at the surface, we look at subsurface processes that can cause vertical movement of (micro)plastic. We investigate how modelled algal attachment and the ocean's vertical movement can cause particles to sink and oscillate in the open ocean. Particles can sink to depths of > 5000 m in regions with high wind intensity and mainly remain close to the surface with low winds and biological activity.
Michelle Viswanathan, Tobias K. D. Weber, Sebastian Gayler, Juliane Mai, and Thilo Streck
Biogeosciences, 19, 2187–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the evolution of model parameter uncertainty and prediction error as we updated parameters of a maize phenology model based on yearly observations, by sequentially applying Bayesian calibration. Although parameter uncertainty was reduced, prediction quality deteriorated when calibration and prediction data were from different maize ripening groups or temperature conditions. The study highlights that Bayesian methods should account for model limitations and inherent data structures.
Jessica Kolbusz, Tim Langlois, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and Simon de Lestang
Biogeosciences, 19, 517–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-517-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-517-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Western rock lobster larvae spend up to 11 months in offshore waters before ocean currents and their ability to swim transport them back to the coast. In 2008, there was a reduction in the number of puerulus (larvae) settling into the fishery. We use an oceanographic model to see how the environment may have contributed to the reduction. Our results show that a combination of effects from local currents and a widespread quiet period in the ocean off WA likely led to less puerulus settlement.
Rémy Asselot, Frank Lunkeit, Philip B. Holden, and Inga Hense
Biogeosciences, 19, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies show that phytoplankton light absorption can warm the atmosphere, but how this warming occurs is still unknown. We compare the importance of air–sea heat versus CO2 flux in the phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming and determine the main driver. To shed light on this research question, we conduct simulations with a climate model of intermediate complexity. We show that phytoplankton mainly warms the atmosphere by increasing the air–sea CO2 flux.
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Lloyd Izard, Melilotus Thyssen, Ananda Pascual, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Nagib Bhairy, Pierre Garreau, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 18, 6455–6477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyzes an original high-resolution data set collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The major result is the impact of a fine-scale frontal structure on the distribution of phytoplankton groups, in an area of moderate energy with oligotrophic conditions. Our results provide an in situ confirmation of the findings obtained by previous modeling studies and remote sensing about the structuring effect of the fine-scale ocean dynamics on the structure of the phytoplankton community.
Johannes Vogel, Eva Paton, and Valentin Aich
Biogeosciences, 18, 5903–5927, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates extreme ecosystem impacts evoked by temperature and soil moisture in the Mediterranean Basin for the time span 1999–2019 with a specific focus on seasonal variations. The analysis showed that ecosystem vulnerability is caused by several varying combinations of both drivers during the yearly cycle. The approach presented here helps to provide insights on the specific phenological stage of the year in which ecosystem vulnerability to a certain climatic condition occurs.
Mara Freilich, Alexandre Mignot, Glenn Flierl, and Raffaele Ferrari
Biogeosciences, 18, 5595–5607, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations reveal that in some regions phytoplankton biomass increases during the wintertime when growth conditions are sub-optimal, which has been attributed to a release from grazing during mixed layer deepening. Measurements of grazer populations to support this theory are lacking. We demonstrate that a release from grazing when the winter mixed layer is deepening holds only for certain grazing models, extending the use of phytoplankton observations to make inferences about grazer dynamics.
Shuangling Chen, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subduction transports surface waters to the oceanic interior, which can supply significant amounts of carbon and oxygen to the twilight zone. Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific, we successfully identified the imprints of episodic shallow subduction patches. These subduction patches were observed mainly in spring and summer (70.6 %), and roughly half of them extended below ~ 450 m, injecting carbon- and oxygen-enriched waters into the ocean interior.
Pierre Damien, Julio Sheinbaum, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Julien Jouanno, Lorena Linacre, and Olaf Duteil
Biogeosciences, 18, 4281–4303, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Gulf of Mexico deep waters are relatively poor in phytoplankton biomass due to low levels of nutrients in the upper layers. Using modeling techniques, we find that the long-living anticyclonic Loop Current eddies that are shed episodically from the Yucatan Channel strongly shape the distribution of phytoplankton and, more importantly, stimulate their growth. This results from the contribution of multiple mechanisms of physical–biogeochemical interactions discussed in this study.
Sergey V. Stanichny, Elena A. Kubryakova, and Arseny A. Kubryakov
Biogeosciences, 18, 3173–3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we show that the short-term impact of tropical cyclones can trigger the intense, long-term bloom of coccolithophores, which are major marine calcifiers playing an important role in the balance and fluxes of inorganic carbon in the ocean. In our paper, we describe the evolution of and physical reasons for such an unusual bloom observed in autumn 2005 in the Black Sea on the basis of satellite data.
Fengshan Liu, Ying Chen, Nini Bai, Dengpan Xiao, Huizi Bai, Fulu Tao, and Quansheng Ge
Biogeosciences, 18, 2275–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The sowing date is key to the surface biophysical processes in the winter dormancy period. The climate effect of the sowing date shift is therefore very interesting and may contribute to the mitigation of climate change. An earlier sowing date always had a higher LAI but a higher temperature in the dormancy period and a lower temperature in the growth period. The main reason was the relative contributions of the surface albedo and energy partitioning processes.
Peter Aartsma, Johan Asplund, Arvid Odland, Stefanie Reinhardt, and Hans Renssen
Biogeosciences, 18, 1577–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the literature, it is generally assumed that alpine lichen heaths keep their direct environment cool due to their relatively high albedo. However, we reveal that the soil temperature and soil heat flux are higher below lichens than below shrubs during the growing season, despite a lower net radiation for lichens. We also show that the differences in microclimatic conditions between these two vegetation types are more pronounced during warm and sunny days than during cold and cloudy days.
Oleg Sizov, Ekaterina Ezhova, Petr Tsymbarovich, Andrey Soromotin, Nikolay Prihod'ko, Tuukka Petäjä, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Markku Kulmala, Jaana Bäck, and Kajar Köster
Biogeosciences, 18, 207–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-207-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In changing climate, tundra is expected to turn into shrubs and trees, diminishing reindeer pasture and increasing risks of tick-borne diseases. However, this transition may require a disturbance. Fires in Siberia are increasingly widespread. We studied wildfire dynamics and tundra–forest transition over 60 years in northwest Siberia near the Arctic Circle. Based on satellite data analysis, we found that transition occurs in 40 %–85 % of burned tundra compared to 5 %–15 % in non-disturbed areas.
Kaveh Purkiani, André Paul, Annemiek Vink, Maren Walter, Michael Schulz, and Matthias Haeckel
Biogeosciences, 17, 6527–6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a steady increase in interest in mining of deep-sea minerals in the eastern Pacific Ocean recently. The ocean state in this region is known to be highly influenced by rotating bodies of water (eddies), some of which can travel long distances in the ocean and impact the deeper layers of the ocean. Better insight into the variability of eddy activity in this region is of great help to mitigate the impact of the benthic ecosystem from future potential deep-sea mining activity.
Jing Yan, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Teamrat A. Ghezzehei
Biogeosciences, 17, 6377–6392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An uneven supply of water and nutrients in soils often drives how plants behave. We observed that plants extract all their required nutrients from dry soil patches in sufficient quantity, provided adequate water is available elsewhere in the root zone. Roots in nutrient-rich dry patches facilitate the nutrient acquisition by extensive growth, water release, and modifying water retention in their immediate environment. The findings are valuable in managing nutrient losses in agricultural systems.
Onur Kerimoglu, Yoana G. Voynova, Fatemeh Chegini, Holger Brix, Ulrich Callies, Richard Hofmeister, Knut Klingbeil, Corinna Schrum, and Justus E. E. van Beusekom
Biogeosciences, 17, 5097–5127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, using extensive field observations and a numerical model, we analyzed the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system following an extreme flood event. Our results suggest that a number of anomalous observations were driven by a co-occurrence of peculiar meteorological conditions and increased riverine discharges. Our results call for attention to the combined effects of hydrological and meteorological extremes that are anticipated to increase in frequency.
Amandine Erktan, Matthias C. Rillig, Andrea Carminati, Alexandre Jousset, and Stefan Scheu
Biogeosciences, 17, 4961–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil aggregation is crucial for soil functioning. While the role of bacteria and fungi in soil aggregation is well established, how predators feeding on microbes modify soil aggregation has hardly been investigated. We showed for the first time that protists modify soil aggregation, presumably through changes in the production of bacterial mucilage, and that collembolans reduce soil aggregation, presumably by reducing the abundance of saprotrophic fungi.
Wei Hu, Kotaro Murata, Chunlan Fan, Shu Huang, Hiromi Matsusaki, Pingqing Fu, and Daizhou Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4477–4487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first estimate of the status of bacteria in long-distance-transported Asian dust, demonstrating that airborne dust, which can carry viable and nonviable bacteria on particle surfaces, is an efficient medium for constantly spreading bacteria at regional and even global scales. Such data are essential to better model and understand the roles and activities of bioaerosols in environmental evolution and climate change and the potential risks of bioaerosols to human health.
Inge Grünberg, Evan J. Wilcox, Simon Zwieback, Philip Marsh, and Julia Boike
Biogeosciences, 17, 4261–4279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on topsoil temperature data for different vegetation types at a low Arctic tundra site, we found large small-scale variability. Winter temperatures were strongly influenced by vegetation through its effects on snow. Summer temperatures were similar below most vegetation types and not consistently related to late summer permafrost thaw depth. Given that vegetation type defines the relationship between winter and summer soil temperature and thaw depth, it controls permafrost vulnerability.
Long Jiang, Theo Gerkema, Jacco C. Kromkamp, Daphne van der Wal, Pedro Manuel Carrasco De La Cruz, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 4135–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A seaward increasing chlorophyll-a gradient is observed during the spring bloom in a Dutch tidal bay. Biophysical model runs indicate the roles of bivalve grazing and tidal import in shaping the gradient. Five common spatial phytoplankton patterns are summarized in global estuarine–coastal ecosystems: seaward increasing, seaward decreasing, concave with a chlorophyll maximum, weak spatial gradients, and irregular patterns.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Tom Ysebaert, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange (bioirrigation), we show that organisms in subtidal (permanently submerged) areas have similar bioirrigation rates as those that inhabit intertidal areas (not permanently submerged), but organisms in the latter irrigate deeper burrows in this study. Our results expand on traditional methods to quantify bioirrigation rates and broaden the pool of field measurements of bioirrigation rates.
Sheila N. Estrada-Allis, Julio Sheinbaum Pardo, Joao M. Azevedo Correia de Souza, Cecilia Elizabeth Enríquez Ortiz, Ismael Mariño Tapia, and Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira
Biogeosciences, 17, 1087–1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1087-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Continental shelves are the most productive areas in the ocean and can have an important impact on the nutrient cycle as well as the climate system. The one in Yucatán is the largest shelf in the Gulf of Mexico. However, its nutrient budget remains unidentifiable. Here we propose not only a general nutrient budget for the Yucatán Shelf but also the physical processes responsible for its pathway modulation through a physical–biogeochemical coupled model of the whole Gulf of Mexico.
Ashley Dubnick, Martin Sharp, Brad Danielson, Alireza Saidi-Mehrabad, and Joel Barker
Biogeosciences, 17, 963–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-963-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-963-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that glaciers with basal temperatures near the melting point mobilize more solutes, nutrients, and microbes from the underlying substrate and are more likely to promote in situ biogeochemical activity than glaciers with basal temperatures well below the melting point. The temperature at the base of glaciers is therefore an important control on the biogeochemistry of ice near glacier beds, and, ultimately, the potential solutes, nutrients, and microbes exported from glaciated watersheds.
Audrey Delpech, Anna Conchon, Olivier Titaud, and Patrick Lehodey
Biogeosciences, 17, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-833-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-833-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Micronekton is an important, yet poorly known, component of the trophic chain, which partly contributes to the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean thanks to biomass vertical migrations. In this study, we characterize the ideal sampling regions to estimate the amount of biomass that undergoes theses migrations. We find that observations made in warm, nondynamic and productive waters reduce the error of the estimation by 20 %. This result should likely serve for future in situ network deployment.
Filippos Tagklis, Takamitsu Ito, and Annalisa Bracco
Biogeosciences, 17, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-231-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-231-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Deoxygenation of the oceans is potentially one of the most severe ecosystem stressors resulting from global warming given the high sensitivity of dissolved oxygen to ocean temperatures. Climate models suggest that despite the thermodynamic tendency of the oceans to lose oxygen, certain regions experience significant changes in the biologically driven O2 consumption, resulting in a resistance against deoxygenation. Overturning circulation changes are responsible for such a behavior.
Mohammad Abdul Halim, Han Y. H. Chen, and Sean C. Thomas
Biogeosciences, 16, 4357–4375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4357-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4357-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using field data collected over 4 years across a range of stand ages, we investigated how seasonal surface albedo in boreal forest varies with stand age, stand structure, and composition. Our results indicate that successional change in species composition is a key driver of age–related patterns in albedo, with hardwood species associated with higher albedo. The patterns described have important implications for both climate modeling and
climate–smartboreal forest management.
Paul A. Moore, Maxwell C. Lukenbach, Dan K. Thompson, Nick Kettridge, Gustaf Granath, and James M. Waddington
Biogeosciences, 16, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using very-high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), we assessed the basic structure and microtopographic variability of hummock–hollow plots at boreal and hemi-boreal sites primarily in North America. Using a simple model of peatland biogeochemical function, our results suggest that both surface heating and moss productivity may not be adequately resolved in models which only consider idealized hummock–hollow units.
Renee K. Gruber, Ryan J. Lowe, and James L. Falter
Biogeosciences, 16, 1921–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1921-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1921-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Researchers from the University of Western Australia's Oceans Institute are studying large tides (up to 12 m range) that occur in the Kimberley region of Australia. These tides flush coral reefs with water rich in nutrients, which supports the growth of reef organisms. In this paper, we show how tidal cycles and seasons control nutrient availability on reefs. This study is among the first published accounts of reefs and water quality data in the remote and pristine Kimberley region.
Sergey A. Marakushev and Ol'ga V. Belonogova
Biogeosciences, 16, 1817–1828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1817-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1817-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Among the existing theories of the autotrophic origin of life, CO2 is usually considered to be the carbon source for nascent autotrophic metabolism. However, ancestral carbon used in metabolism may have been derived from CH4 if the outflow of magma fluid to the surface of the Earth consisted mainly of methane. The hydrothermal system model is considered in the form of a phase diagram, which demonstrates the area of redox and P and T conditions favorable to development of primary methanotroph.
Venugopal Thushara, Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran, Adrian J. Matthews, Benjamin G. M. Webber, and Bastien Y. Queste
Biogeosciences, 16, 1447–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1447-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chlorophyll distribution in the ocean remains to be explored in detail, despite its climatic significance. Here, we document the vertical structure of chlorophyll in the Bay of Bengal using observations and a model. The shape of chlorophyll profiles, characterized by prominent deep chlorophyll maxima, varies in dynamically different regions, controlled by the monsoonal forcings. The present study provides new insights into the vertical distribution of chlorophyll, rarely observed by satellites.
Soeren Thomsen, Johannes Karstensen, Rainer Kiko, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 979–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Physical and biogeochemical observations from an autonomous underwater vehicle in combination with ship-based measurements are used to investigate remote and local drivers of the oxygen and nutrient variability off Mauritania. Beside the transport of oxygen and nutrients characteristics from remote areas towards Mauritania also local remineralization of organic material close to the seabed seems to be important for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
Cited articles
Amiro, B. D., Barr, G. Black, T. A., Bracho, R. Brown, M. Chen, J., Clark, K.
L., Davis, K. J. Desai, A. R., Dore, S., Engel, V., and Fuentes, J. D.,
Goldstein, A. H., Goulden, M. L., Kolb, T. E., Lavigne, M. B., Law, B. E.,
Margolis, H. A., Martin, T., McCaughey, J. H., Misson, L., Montes-Helu, M.,
Noormets, A., Randerson, J. T., Starr, G., and Xiao, J.: Ecosystem carbon
dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North America, J. Geophys.
Res., 115, G00K02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001390,
2010.
Ashley, G. M.: Where are we headed? “Soft” rock research into the new
millennium, Geol. Soc. Am., Abstract/Program 30, A-148,
1998.
Baldocchi, D. D.: Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating
carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present and future, Glob.
Change Biol., 9, 479–492, 2003.
Baldocchi, D. D.: Measuring fluxes of trace gases and energy between
ecosystems and the atmosphere–the state and future of the eddy covariance
method, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 3600–3609, 2014.
Baldocchi, D. D., Falge, E., Gu, L., Olson, R., Hollinger, D., Running, S.,
Anthoni, P., Bernhofer, C., Davis, K., Evans, R., and Fuentes, J.: FLUXNET: A
new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale
carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities, Bull. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 82, 2415–2434, 2001.
Banwart, S. A. Bernasconi, S. M., Blum, W. E. H., de Souza, D. M., Chabaux,
F., Duffy, C., Kercheva, M., Krám, P., Lair, G. J., Lundin, L., Menon,
M., Nikolaidis, N. P., Novak, M., Panagos, P., Ragnarsdottir, K.v., Robinson,
D. A., Rousseva, S., de Ruiter, P., van Gaans, P., Weng, L., White, T., and
Zhang B.: Soil functions in Earth's critical zone: key results and
conclusions, Adv. Agron., 142, 1–27, 2017.
Bierman, P. R. and Nichols, K. K.: Rock to sediment-slope to sea with
10Be-rates of landscape change, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 32, 215–55,
2004.
Billings, S. A., Hirmas, D., Sullivan, P. L., Lehmeier, C. A., Bagchi, S.,
Min, K., Brecheisen, Z., Hauser, E., Stair, R., Flournoy, R., and Richter, D.
de B.: Loss of deep roots limits biogenic agents of soil development that are
only partially restored by decades of forest regeneration, Elementa Science
of the Anthropocene, 34, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.287, 2018.
Bonan, G. B., Lawrence, P. J., Oleson, K. W., Levis, S., Jung, M.,
Reichstein, M., Lawrence, D. M., and Swenson, S. C.: Improving canopy
processes in the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux
fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G02014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001593, 2011.
Bormann, F. H.: Ecology: a personal history, Annu. Rev. Energ. Env., 21,
1–29, 1996.
Bormann, F. H. and Likens, G. E.: Nutrient cycling, Science, 155, 424–429,
1967.
Brantley, S. L., White, T. S., White, A. F., Sparks, D., Richter, D.,
Pregitzer, K., Derry, L., Chorover, J., Chadwick, O., April, R., Anderson,
S., and Amundson, R.: Frontiers in exploration of the critical zone: Report
of a workshop sponsored by the US National Science Foundation, Newark, DE,
USA, 2006.
Brantley, S. L., Goldhaber, M. B., and Ragnarsdottir, K. V.: Crossing
disciplines and scales to understand the critical zone, Elements, 3,
307–314, 2007.
Brantley, S. L., Eissenstat, D. M., Marshall, J. A., Godsey, S. E.,
Balogh-Brunstad, Z., Karwan, D. L., Papuga, S. A., Roering, J., Dawson, T.
E., Evaristo, J., Chadwick, O., McDonnell, J. J., and Weathers, K. C.:
Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the
critical zone, Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017a.
Brantley, S. L., McDowell, W. H., Dietrich, W. E., White, T. S., Kumar, P.,
Anderson, S., Chorover, J., Lohse, K. A., Bales, R. C., Richter, D., Grant,
G., and Gaillardet, J.: Designing a network of critical zone observatories to
explore the living skin of the terrestrial Earth, Earth Surf. Dynam., 5,
841–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2017-36, 2017b.
Braun, J.-J., Paiz, M.-C., McGrath, M. J., Rabenkogo, N., Mbonda, A. P.,
White, L., Gaillardet, J., Bouchez, J., Moquet, J. S., Regard, V., Carretier,
S., Bricquet, J. P., Mahé, G., and Richter, D. de B.: CZO perspective in
Central Africa: The Lopé watershed, Lopé National Park, Ogooué
River basin, Gabon. International Long Term Ecological Research Network and
LTER-France (Zones Ateliers Network & Critical Zone Observatories) Joint
Conference, Nantes, France, 2017.
Brecheisen, Z.: Macro to micro-legacies of land use at the Calhoun Critical
Zone Observatory, PhD. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 2018.
Brocard, G. Y., Willenbring, J. K., Scatena, F. N., and Johnson, A. H.:
Effects of a tectonically-triggered wave of incision on riverine exports and
soil mineralogy in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, Appl. Geochem., 63,
586–598, 2015.
Brocard, G. Y., Willenbring, J. K., Miller, T. E., and Scatena, F. N.: Relict
landscape resistance to dissection by upstream migrating knickpoints, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 121, 1182–1203, 2016.
Brown, C. T., Hug, L. A., Thomas, B. C., Sharon, I., Castelle, C. J., Singh,
A., Wilkins, M. J., Wrighton, K. C., Williams, K. H., and Banfield, J. F.:
Unusual biology across a group comprising more than 15 % of domain
Bacteria, Nature, 523, 208–211, 2015.
Bueno, C. G., Marín, C., Silva-Flores, P., Aguilera, P., and Godoy, R.:
Think globally, research locally: emerging opportunities for mycorrhizal
research in South America, New Phytol., 215, 1306–1309, 2017.
Callahan, T.: Long-term ecological research, BioScience, 34, 363–367, 2008.
Chancellor, G.: Darwin Online, available at:
http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Chancellor_CoralReefs.html
(last access: 2 August 2018), 2008.
Chen, W., Koide, R. T., Adams, T. S., DeForest, J. L., Cheng, L., and
Eissenstat, D. M.: Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape
nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
113, 8741–8746, 2016.
Christensen, N. L.: An historical perspective on forest succession and its
relevance to ecosystem restoration and conservation practice in North
America, Forest Ecol. Manag., 330, 312–322, 2014.
Chorover, J., Troch, P. A., Rasmussen, C., Brooks, P. D., Pelletier, J. D.,
Breshears, D. D., Huxman, T. E., Kurc, S. A., Lohse, K. A., McIntosh, J. C.,
and Meixner, T.: How water, carbon, and energy drive critical zone evolution:
The Jemez – Santa Catalina Critical Zone Observatory, Vadose Zone J., 10,
884–899, 2011.
Contreras, S., Santoni, C. S., and Jobbagy, E. G.: Abrupt watercourse
formation in a semiarid sedimentary landscape of central Argentina: the roles
of forest clearing, rainfall variability and seismic activity, Ecohydrology,
6, 794–805, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1302, 2012.
Dalkmann, P., Broszat, M., Siebe, C., Willaschek, E., Sakinc, T., Hübner,
J., Amelung, W., and Siemens, J.: Accumulation of pharmaceuticals,
enterococcus, and resistance genes in soils irrigated with wastewater for
zero to 100 years in central Mexico, PLoS ONE, 7, e45397,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045397, 2012.
Darwin, C.: The formation of vegetable mold, through the action of worms, D.
Appleton, New York, 1882.
Dialynas, Y. G., Bastola, S., Bras, R. L., Marin-Spiotta, E., Silver, W. L.,
Arnone, E., and Noto, L. V.: Impact of hydrologically driven hillslope
erosion and landslide occurrence on soil organic carbon dynamics in tropical
watersheds, Water Res. Res., 52, 8895–8919, 2016.
Evans, F. C.: Ecosystem as the basic unit in ecology, Science, 123,
1127–1128, 1956.
Evaristo, J., Jasechko, S., and McDonnell, J. J.: Global separation of plant
transpiration from groundwater and streamflow, Nature, 525, 91–94, 2015.
Fan, Y.: Groundwater in Earth's critical zone: Relevance to large-scale
patterns and processes, Water Res. Res., 51, 3052–3069, 2015.
Field, J. P., Breshears, D. D., Law, D. J., Villegas, J. C.,
López-Hoffman, L., Brooks, P. D., Chorover, J., and Pelletier, J. D.:
Understanding ecosystem services from a geosciences perspective, Eos, 97,
10–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2016EO043591, 2016.
Gaillardet J., Braud I., Hankard F., Anquetin S., Bour O., Dorfliger N., de
Dreuzy J. R. Galle S., Galy C., Gogo S., Gourcy L., Lagoun F., Longuevergne
L., Le Borgne T., Naaim-Bouvet F., Nord G, Simonneaux V., Six D., Tallec T.,
and Valentin C.: OZCAR: the French network of Critical Zone Observatories,
Vadose Zone J., in review, 2018.
Giardino, J. R. and Houser, C.: 2015. Principles and Dynamics of the Critical
Zone, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, 2015.
Gilbert, G. K.: The convexity of hilltops, J. Geol., 17, 344–350, 1909.
Gorham, E.: Northern peatlands: Role in the carbon cycle and probable
responses to climatic warming, Ecol. Appl., 1, 182–195, 1991.
Griffis, T. J.: Tracing the flow of carbon dioxide and water vapor between
the biosphere and atmosphere: A review of optical isotope techniques and
their application, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 174, 85–109, 2013.
Groffman, P. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Cavender-Bares, J., Childers, D. L.,
Grimm, N. B., Grove, J. M., Hobbie, S. E., Hutyra, L. R., Jenerette, G. D.,
McPhearson, T., and Pataki, D. E.: Moving towards a new urban systems
science, Ecosystems, 20, 38–43, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0053-4, 2017.
Guédron, S., Duwig, C., Prado, B. L., Point, D., Flores, M. G., and
Siebe, C.: (Methyl)mercury, arsenic, and lead contamination of the World's
largest wastewater irrigation system: The Mezquital Valley (Hidalgo
State-Mexico), Water Air Soil Poll., 225, 2045,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2045-3, 2014.
Hall, S. H. and Silver, W. L.: Synergisms among reactive minerals and
reducing conditions explain spatial patterns of soil carbon in humid tropical
forest soils, Biogeochemistry, 125, 149–165, 2015.
Hall, S., Silver, W., Timokhin, V. I., and Hammel, K. E.: Iron addition to
soil specifically stabilized lignin, Soil Biol. Biochem., 98, 95–98, 2016.
Harmon, M. E., Ferrell, W. K., and Franklin, J. F.: Effects on carbon storage
of conversion of old-growth forests to young forests, Science, 247, 699–702,
1990.
Hedin, L., Chadwick, O., Schimel, J., and Torn, M.: Linking Ecological
Biology and Geoscience: Challenges for Terrestrial Environmental Science,
NSF, Washington, DC, 2002.
Herbert, S.: Charles Darwin, Geologist, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY,
2005.
Hinckley, E. L. S., Anderson, S. P., Baron, J. S., Blanken, P. D., Bonan, G.
B., Bowman, W. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Fierer, N., Fox, A. M., Goodman, K. J.,
and Jones, K. D.: Optimizing available network resources to address questions
in environmental biogeochemistry, BioScience, 66, 317–326, 2016.
Hug, L. A., Baker, B. J., Anantharaman, K., Brown, C. T., Probst, A. J.,
Castelle, C. J., Butterfield, C. N., Hernsdorf, A. W., Amano, Y., Ise, K.,
Suzuki, Y., Dudek, N., Relman, D. A., Finstad, K. M., Amundson, R., Thomas,
B. C., and Banfield, J. F.: A new view of the tree of life, Nat. Microbiol.,
1, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48, 2016.
Hursh, C. R., Hoover, M. D., and Fletcher, P. W.: Study in the balanced
water-economy of experimental drainage-areas, Eos, 23, 509–517, 1942.
Hutchinson, G. E.: The biosphere, Sci. Am., 223, 44–53, 1970.
Hutchinson, G. E. and Wollack, A.: Chemical analyses of a core from Lindley
Pond, North Branford, Part 2. Studies on Connecticut lake sediments, Am. J.
Sci., 238, 493–517, 1940.
Huxley, T. H.: Discourses: biological and geological, D. Appleton, New York,
1897.
Jenny, H.: E. W. Hilgard and the birth of modern soil science, Collana Della
Rivista “Agrochimica”, Pisa, Italy, 1961.
Jechalke, S., Broszat, M., Lang, F., Siebe, C., Smalla, K., and Grohmann, E.:
Increased abundance of resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in
Mexican soil irrigated with wastewater for 100 years, Front. Microbiol., 6,
1–10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00163, 2015.
Jobbágy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B.: Patterns and mechanisms of soil
acidification in the conversion of grasslands to forests, Biogeochemistry 64,
205–229, 2003.
Jobbágy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B.: Groundwater and soil chemical changes
under phreatophytic tree plantations, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112, G02013,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000246, 2007.
Johnson, E. A. and Martin, Y. E.: A Biogeoscience Approach to Ecosystems,
Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, 2016.
Kim, E.-S., Trisurat, Y., Muraoka, H., Shibata, H., Amoroso, V., Boldgiv, B.,
Hoshizaki, K., Kassim, A. R., Kim, Y.-S., Nguyen, H. Q., Ohte, N., Ong, P.
S., and Wang, C.-P.: The International Long-Term Ecological Research – East
Asia-Pacific Regional Network (ILTER-EAP): history, development, and
perspectives, Ecol. Res., 33, 19–34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-017-1523-7, 2018.
Knohl, A., Schulze, E. D., Kolle, O., and Buchmann, N.: Large carbon uptake
by an unmanaged 250-year-old deciduous forest in Central Germany, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 118, 151–167, 2003.
Krishnaswamy, J.: Forest management and water in India, in: Forest Management
and the Impact on Water Resources, UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017.
LaBaugh, J. W., Harte, P. T., Shapiro, A. M., Hsieh, P. A., Johnson, C. D.,
Goode, D. J., Wood, W. W., Buso, D. C., Likens, G. E., and Winter, T. C.:
Physical, chemical, and isotopic data from groundwater in the watershed of
Mirror Lake, and in the vicinity of Hubbard Brook, near West Thornton, New
Hampshire, 1983 to 1997, US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2013–1087,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131087, 2013.
Law, B. E., Falge, E., Gu, L. V., Baldocchi, D. D., Bakwin, P., Berbigier,
P., Davis, K., Dolman, A. J., Falk, M., Fuentes, J. D., and Goldstein, A.:
Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of
terrestrial vegetation, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 113, 97–120, 2002.
Leigh, R. A. and Johnston, A. E. (Eds.): Long-Term Experiments in
Agricultural and Ecological Sciences, CAB International, Wallingford, UK,
1994.
Lindeman, R. L.: The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology, Ecology, 23,
399–417, 1942.
Lindenmayer, D. B. and Likens, G. E.: Adaptive monitoring: a new paradigm for
long-term research and monitoring, Trend. Ecol. Evol., 24, 482–486, 2009.
Lindenmayer, D. B., Likens, G. E., and Franklin, J. F.: Earth observatory
networks (EONs): Finding the right balance, Trend. Ecol. Evol., 33, 1–3,
2018.
Magnuson, J. J.: Long-term ecological research and the invisible present,
BioScience, 40, 495–501, 1990.
Markewitz, D., Richter, D. D., Allen, H. L., and Urrego, J. B.: Three decades
of observed soil acidification in the Calhoun Experimental Forest: Has acid
rain made a difference?, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62, 1428–1439, 1998.
McDowell, W. H., Brereton, R. L., Scatena, F. N., Shanley, J. B., Brokaw, N.
V., and Lugo, A. E.: Interactions between lithology and biology drive the
long-term response of stream chemistry to major hurricanes in a tropical
landscape, Biogeochemistry, 116, 175–186, 2013.
McGill, W. B., Cannon, K. R., Robertson, J. A., and Cook, F. D.: Dynamics of
soil microbial biomass and water-soluble C in Breton after 50 years of
cropping to two rotations, Can. J. Soil Sci., 66, 1–19, 1986.
McIntosh, R. P.: The Background of Ecology, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, 1985.
Miller, G. R., Chen, X. Y., Rubin, Y., Ma, S. Y., and Baldocchi, D. D.:
Groundwater uptake by woody vegetation in a semiarid oak savanna, Water
Resour. Res., 46, W10503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008902, 2010.
Mirtl, M., Borer, E., Djukic, I., Forsius, M., Haubold, H., Hugo, W. Jourdan,
J., Lindenmayer, D., McDowell, W. H., Muraoka, H., Orenstein, D., Pauw, J.
C., Peterseil, J., Shibata, H., Wohner, C., Yu, X., and Haase, P.: Genesis,
goals and achievements of Long-Term Ecological Research at the global scale:
A critical review of ILTER and future directions, Sci. Total Environ., 613,
1376–1384, 2018.
Moncrieff, J. B., Massheder, J. M., de Bruin, H., Elbers, J., Friborg, T.,
Heusinkveld, B., Kabat, P., Scott, S., Soegaard, H., and Verhoef, A.: A
system to measure fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapour and carbon
dioxide, J. Hydrol., 188/189, 589–611, 1997.
National Research Council, Committee on Basic Research Opportunities in the
Earth Sciences: Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science, National
Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2001.
Odum, E. P.: Energy flow in ecosystems: a historical review, Am. Zool., 8,
11–18, 1968.
Odum, E. P.: The strategy of ecosystem development, Science, 164, 262–270,
1969.
Odum, H. T.: Primary production in flowing waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 1,
102–117, 1956.
O'Neill, K. and de Richter, D. B.: Learning from the “deep changes in the
land”: The Critical Zone perspective in environmental science education,
Earth Sci., 32, 25–27, 2016.
Park, J. H., Goldstein, A. H., Timkovsky, J., Fares, S., Weber, R., Karlik,
J., and Holzinger, R.: Active atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of the vast
majority of detected volatile organic compounds, Science, 341, 643–647,
2013.
Paton, T. R., Humphreys, G. S., and Mitchell, P. B.: Soils – A New Global
View. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA, 1995.
Petrescu, A. M. R., Lohila, A., Tuovinen, J.-P., et al.: The uncertain
climate footprint of wetlands under human pressure, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
112, 4594–4599, 2015.
Platt, B., Kolb, D., Kunhardt, C., Milo, S. P., and New, L. G.: Burrowing
through the literature: the impact of soil-disturbing vertebrates on physical
and chemical properties of soil, Soil Sci., 181, 175–191, 2016.
Raupach, M. R.: Anomalies in flux-gradient relationships over forest,
Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 16, 467–486, https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF03163564, 1979.
Reichle, D. E. (Ed.): Dynamic Properties of Forest Ecosystems, Cambridge
University Press, UK, 1981.
Rempe, D. M. and Dietrich, W. E.: A bottom-up control on fresh-bedrock
topography under landscapes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 6576–6581, 2014.
Reynolds, O.: On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and
the determination of criterion, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 174, 935–982, 1895.
Richter, D. D. and Markewitz, D.: Understanding soil change, Cambridge
University Press, UK, 2001.
Richter, D. de B. and Billings, S. A.: “One physical system”: Tansley's
ecosystem as Earth's critical zone, New Phytol., 206, 900–912, 2015.
Richter, D. de B. and Yaalon, D.: “The changing model of soil” revisited,
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 76, 766–778, 2012.
Richter, D. de B., Hofmockel, M., Callaham, M. A., Powlson, D. S., and Smith,
P.: Long-term soil experiments: Keys to managing Earth's rapidly changing
ecosystems, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 71, 266–279,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0181, 2007.
Riebe, C. S., Hahm, W. J., and Brantley, S. L.: Controls on deep critical
zone architecture: A historical review and four testable hypotheses, Earth
Surf. Proc. Landf., 42, 128–156, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4052, 2017.
Rinne, J., Riutte, T., Pihlatie, M., Aurela, M., Haapanala, S., Tuovinen,
J.-P., Tuittila, E.-S., and Vesala, T.: Annual cycle of methane emission from
a boreal fen measured by the eddy covariance technique, Tellus B, 59,
449–457, 2007.
Robertson, G. P., Allen, V. G., Boody, G., Boose, E. R., Creamer, N. G.,
Drinkwater, L. E., Gosz, J. R., Lynch, L., Havlin, J. L., Jackson, L. E.,
Pickett, S. T. A., Pitelka, L., Randall, A., Reed, A. S., Seastedt, T. R.,
Waide, R. B., and Wall, D. H.: Long-term agricultural research: A research,
education, and extension imperative, BioScience, 58, 640–645, 2008.
Rossiter, M. W.: The Emergence of Agricultural Science – Justus Liebig and
the Americans, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA, 1975.
Schroeder, P. A.: Clays in the Critical Zone, Cambridge University Press, UK,
2018.
Shanley, J. B., McDowell, W. H., and Stallard, R. F.: Long-term patterns and
short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspendedsediment in a rapidly
weathering tropical watershed, Water Res. Res., 47, W07515,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788, 2011.
Siebe, C., Chapela-Lara, M., Cayetano-Salazar, M., Prado, B., and Siemens,
J.: Effects of 100 years of Soil-Aquifer-Treatment of Mexico City's
wastewater in the Mezquital valley, in: Safe Use of Wastewater in
Agriculture: Good Practice Examples, edited by: Hettiarachchi, H. and
Ardakanian, R., Dresden, UNU-FLORES, 2016.
Sier, A. and Monteith, D.: The UK Environmental Change Network after twenty
years of integrated ecosystem assessment: Key findings and future
perspectives, Ecol. Indic., 68, 1–12, 2016.
Slobodkin, L. B.: An appreciation: George Evelyn Hutchinson, J. Anim. Ecol.,
62, 390–394, 1993.
Smith, P., Falloon, P. D., Körschens, M., Shevtsova, L. K., Franko, U.,
Romanenkov, V., Coleman, K., Rodionova, V., Smith, J. U., and Schramm, G.:
EuroSOMNET – a European database of long-term experiments on soil organic
matter: the WWW metadatabase, J. Agr. Sci., 138, 123–134,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859601001800, 2002.
St. Clair, J., Moon, S., Holbrook, W. S., Perron, J. T., Riebe, C. S.,
Martel, S. J., Carr, B., Harman, C., Singha, K., and Richter, D. de B.:
Geophysical imaging reveals topographic stress control of bedrock weathering,
Science, 350, 534–538, 2015.
Stichweh, R.: The sociology of scientific disciplines: On the genesis and
stability of the disciplinary structure of modern science, Sci. Context, 5,
3–15, 1992.
Swanson, F. J. and Franklin, J. F.: The long-term ecological research
program, Eos, 69, 34–36, 1988.
Tahir, M., Lv, Y., Gao, L., Hallett, P. D., and Peng, X.: Soil water dynamics
and availability for citrus and peanut along a hillslope at the Sunjia Red
Soil Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), Soil Till. Res., 163, 110–118, 2016.
Tansley, A. G.: The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms,
Ecology, 16, 284–307, 1935.
Thaker, A., Bagchi, S., Shanker, K., Krishnaswamy, J., Kunte, K., Namboothri,
N., Quader, S., Rai, N., Ratnam, J., Robin, V. V., Sankaran, M., Sridhar, A.,
Subramanian, K. A., and Vanak, A. T.: Indian Long Term Ecological
Observatories,
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India, 2015.
Thompson, S. E., Harman, C. J., Troch, P. A., Brooks, P. D., and Sivapalan,
M.: Spatial scale dependence of ecohydrologically mediated water balance
partitioning: A synthesis framework for catchment ecohydrology, Water Resour.
Res., 47, W00J03, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009998, 2011.
Tilman, D., Dodd, M. E., Silvertown, J., Poulton, P. R., Johnston, A. E., and
Crawley, M. J.: The Park Grass Experiment: Insights from the most long-term
ecological study, in: Long-Term Experiments in Agriculture and Ecological
Sciences, edited by: Leigh, R. A. and Johnston, A. E., CAB International,
Wallingford, UK, 287–303, 1994.
Tirol-Padre, A. and Ladha, J. K.: Integrating rice and wheat productivity
trends using the SAS mixed-procedure and meta-analysis, Field Crops Res., 95,
75–88, 2006.
Tramontana, G., Ichii, K., Camps-Valls, G., Tomelleri, E., and Papale, D.:
Uncertainty analysis of gross primary production upscaling using random
forests, remote sensing and eddy covariance data, Remote Sens. Environ.,
168, 360–373, 2015.
Van den Hoof, C., Vidale P. L., Verhoef, A., and Vincke, C.: Improved
evaporative flux partitioning and carbon flux in the land surface model
JULES: Impact on the simulation of land surface processes in temperate
Europe, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 181, 108–124, 2013.
Vernadsky, V. I.: The Biosphere. Copernicus, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.
Walters, M. and Scholes, R. J.: The GEO handbook on biodiversity observatory
networks, Springer Open, Switzerland, 2016.
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C., Barnosky, A. D., Poirier,
C., Gałuszka, A., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Ellis, E. C., Ellis, M.,
Jeandel, C., Leinfelder, R., McNeill, J. R., Richter, D. de B., Steffen, W.,
Syvitski, J., Vidas, D., Wagreich, M., Williams, M., Zhisheng, A., Grinevald,
J., Odada, E., Oreskes, N., and Wolfe, A. P.: The Anthropocene is
functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene, Science, 351,
137 pp., 2016.
Webb, N., Herrick, J., Van Zee, J., Courtright, E., Hugenholtz, C., Zobeck,
T. M., Okin, G. S., Barchyn, T. E., Billings, B. J., Boyd, R., Clingan, S.,
Cooper, B., Duniway, M. C., Derner, J.D., Fox, F. A., Havstad, K. M.,
Heilman, P., LaPlante, V., Ludwig, N. A., Metz, L. J., Nearing, M. A.,
Norfleet, L., Pierson, F. B., Sanderson, M. A., Sharratt, B. S., Steiner, J.
L., Tatarko, J., Tedela, N. H., Toledo, D., Unnasch, R. S., Van Pelt, S., and
Wagner, L.: The National Wind Erosion Research Network: Building a
standardized long-term data resource for aeolian research, modeling and land
management, Aeolian Res., 22, 23–36, 2016.
Winchell, E. W., Anderson, R. S., Lombardi, E. M., and Doak, D. F.: Gophers
as geomorphic agents in the Colorado Front Range subalpine zone,
Geomorphology, 264, 41–51, 2016.
Wofsy, S. C., Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S. M., Bakwin, P. S.,
Daube, B. C., Bassow, S. L., and Bazzaz, F. A.: Net exchange of CO2 in a
mid-latitude forest, Science, 260, 1314–1317, 1993.
Wolf, J., Brocard, G., Willenbring, J., Porder, S., and Uriarte, M.: Abrupt
change in forest height along a tropical elevation gradient detected using
airborne LiDAR, Remote Sens., 8, 864, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100864, 2016.
Wu, J.: Hierarchy and scaling: extrapolating information along a scaling
ladder, Can. J. Remote Sens., 25, 367–380, 1999.
Wymore, A. S., West, N. R., Maher, K., Sullivan, P. L., Harpold, A., Karwan,
D., Marshall, J. A., Perdrial, J., Rempe, D. M., and Ma, L.: Growing new
generations of critical zone scientists, Earth Surf. Proc. Landf., 42,
2498–2502, 2017.
Zacharias, S., Bogena, H., Samaniego, L., Mauder, M., Fuss, R., Pütz, T.,
Frenzel, M., Schwank, M., Baessler, C., Buerbach-Bahl, K., Bens, O., Borg,
E., Brauer, A., Dietrich, P., Hajnsek, I., Helle, G., Kiese, R., Kunstmann,
H., Klotz, S., Munch, J. C., Papen, H., Priesack, E., Schmid, H. P.,
Steinbrecher, R., Rosenbaum, U., Teutsch, G., and Vereecken, H.: A network of
terrestrial environmental observatories in Germany, Vadose Zone J., 10,
955–973, 2011.
Zhao, B. Q., Li, X. Y., Liu, H., Wang, B. R., Zhu, P., Huang, S. M., Bao, D.
J., and Li, Y. T.: Results from long-term fertilizer experiments in China:
The risk of groundwater pollution by nitrate, Wageninen Journal of Life
Sciences, 58, 177–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2011.09.004, 2011.
Zhu, Y.-G., Gillings, M., Simonet, P., Stekel, D., Banwart, S. A., and
Penuelas, J.: Microbial mass movements, Science, 357, 1099–1100, 2017a.
Zhu, Y.-G., Reid, B. J., Meharg, A. A., Banwart, S. A., and Fu, B.-J.:
Optimizing Peri-Urban Ecosystems (PURE) to re-couple urban-rural symbiosis.,
Sci. Total Environ., 586, 1085–1090, 2017b.
Zhu, Y.-G., Gillings, M., Simonet, P., Stekel, D., Banwart, S., and Penualas,
J.: Human dissemination of genes and microorganisms in Earth's Critical Zone,
Glob. Change Biol., 24, 1488–1499, 2018.
Short summary
As knowledge in biology and geology explodes, science becomes increasingly specialized. Given the overlap of the environmental sciences, however, the explosion in knowledge inevitably creates opportunities for interconnecting the biogeosciences. Here, 30 scientists emphasize the opportunities for biogeoscience collaborations across the world’s remarkable long-term environmental research networks that can advance science and engage larger scientific and public audiences.
As knowledge in biology and geology explodes, science becomes increasingly specialized. Given...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint