- Article
(3640 KB) - Full-text XML
- Articles & preprints
- Submission
- Policies
- Peer review
- Editorial board
- About
- EGU publications
- Manuscript tracking
Journal cover
Journal topic
Biogeosciences
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Journal topic
- Articles & preprints
- Submission
- Policies
- Peer review
- Editorial board
- About
- EGU publications
- Manuscript tracking
Journal metrics
IF3.480
IF 5-year
4.194
4.194
CiteScore
6.7
6.7
SNIP1.143
IPP3.65
SJR1.761
Scimago H
index118
index118
h5-index60
Abstracted/indexed
Abstracted/indexed- Science Citation Index Expanded
- Current Contents/ABE
- Current Contents/PCE
- Scopus
- ADS
- AGRICOLA
- Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
- CAB Abstracts
- Cabell's
- Chemical Abstracts
- CLOCKSS
- CNKI
- DOAJ
- EBSCO
- GBA
- Gale/Cengage
- GeoBase
- GeoRef
- GoOA (CAS)
- Google Scholar
- J-Gate
- Portico
- ProQuest
- World Public Library
Short summary
We review and synthesize available information on coastal ocean carbon fluxes around North America (NA). There is overwhelming evidence, compiled and discussed here, that the NA coastal margins act as a sink. Our synthesis shows the great diversity in processes driving carbon fluxes in different coastal regions, highlights remaining gaps in observations and models, and discusses current and anticipated future trends with respect to carbon fluxes and acidification.
We review and synthesize available information on coastal ocean carbon fluxes around North...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint
BG | Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
Biogeosciences, 16, 1281–1304, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Biogeosciences, 16, 1281–1304, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses 27 Mar 2019
Reviews and syntheses | 27 Mar 2019
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis
Katja Fennel et al.
Related authors
Haiyan Zhang, Katja Fennel, Arnaud Laurent, and Changwei Bian
Biogeosciences, 17, 5745–5761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In coastal seas, low oxygen, which is detrimental to coastal ecosystems, is increasingly caused by man-made nutrients from land. This is especially so near mouths of major rivers, including the Changjiang in the East China Sea. Here a simulation model is used to identify the main factors determining low-oxygen conditions in the region. High river discharge is identified as the prime cause, while wind and intrusions of open-ocean water modulate the severity and extent of low-oxygen conditions.
Thomas S. Bianchi, Madhur Anand, Chris T. Bauch, Donald E. Canfield, Luc De Meester, Katja Fennel, Peter M. Groffman, Michael L. Pace, Mak Saito, and Myrna J. Simpson
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-395, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Better development of interdisciplinary linkages ties between biology, geology, and chemistry advance biogeochemistry through: 1) better integration of contemporary (or rapid) evolutionary adaptation to predict changing biogeochemical cycles, 2) universal integration of data from long-term monitoring sites in terrestrial, aquatic, and human systems, that span broad geographical regions for use in modeling.
Christopher Gordon, Katja Fennel, Clark Richards, Lynn K. Shay, and Jodi K. Brewster
Biogeosciences, 17, 4119–4134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a method for correcting errors in oxygen optode measurements on autonomous platforms in the ocean. The errors result from the relatively slow response time of the sensor. The correction method includes an in situ determination of the effective response time and requires the time stamps of the individual measurements. It is highly relevant for the BGC-Argo program and also applicable to gliders. We also explore if diurnal changes in oxygen can be obtained from profiling floats.
Bin Wang, Katja Fennel, Liuqian Yu, and Christopher Gordon
Biogeosciences, 17, 4059–4074, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess trade-offs between different types of biological observations, specifically satellite ocean color and BGC-Argo profiles and the benefits of combining both for optimizing a biogeochemical model of the Gulf of Mexico. Using all available observations leads to significant improvements in observed and unobserved variables (including primary production and C export). Our results highlight the significant benefits of BGC-Argo measurements for biogeochemical model optimization and validation.
Arnaud Laurent, Katja Fennel, and Angela Kuhn
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-265, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-265, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, and a high-resolution regional model, were evaluated by comparing historical simulations with observations in the Northwest North Atlantic, a climate-sensitive and biologically productive ocean margin region. Many of the CMIP models performed poorly for biological properties. There is no clear link between model resolution and skill in the global models, but an overall improvement in performance in CMIP6 from CMIP5. The regional model performed best.
Fabian Große, Katja Fennel, Haiyan Zhang, and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 17, 2701–2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the East China Sea, hypoxia occurs frequently from spring to fall due to high primary production and subsequent decomposition of organic matter. Nitrogen inputs from the Changjiang and the open ocean have been suggested to contribute to hypoxia formation. We used a numerical modelling approach to quantify the relative contributions of these nitrogen sources. We found that the Changjiang dominates, which suggests that nitrogen management in the watershed would improve oxygen conditions.
Liuqian Yu, Katja Fennel, Bin Wang, Arnaud Laurent, Keith R. Thompson, and Lynn K. Shay
Ocean Sci., 15, 1801–1814, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1801-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1801-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first direct comparison of nonidentical versus identical twin approaches for an ocean data assimilation system. We show that the identical twin approach overestimates the value of assimilating satellite observations and undervalues the benefit of assimilating temperature and salinity profiles. Misleading assessments such as undervaluing the impact of observational assets are problematic and can lead to misguided decisions on balancing investments among different observing assets.
Angela M. Kuhn, Katja Fennel, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 7379–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies demonstrate that marine N2 fixation can be carried out without light. However, direct measurements of N2 fixation in dark environments are relatively scarce. This study uses a model that represents biogeochemical cycles at a deep-ocean location in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Different model versions are used to test assumptions about N2 fixers. Relaxing light limitation for marine N2 fixers improved the similarity between model results and observations of deep nitrate and oxygen.
Krysten Rutherford and Katja Fennel
Ocean Sci., 14, 1207–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional model of the northwestern North Atlantic shelves, we calculate transport timescales and pathways in order to understand the transport processes that underlie the rapid oxygen loss, air–sea CO2 flux, and supply of plankton seed populations on the Scotian Shelf. Study results highlight the limited connectivity between the Scotian Shelf and adjacent slope waters; instead, the dominant southwestward currents bring Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence waters to the Scotian Shelf.
Katja Fennel and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 15, 3121–3131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3121-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3121-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing human-derived nutrient inputs to coastal oceans lead to spreading dead zones around the world. Here a biogeochemical model for the northern Gulf of Mexico, where nutrients from the Mississippi River create the largest dead zone in North American coastal waters, is used for the first time to show the effects of single and dual nutrient reductions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Significant reductions in N or N&P load would be required to significantly reduce hypoxia in this system.
Jonathan Lemay, Helmuth Thomas, Susanne E. Craig, William J. Burt, Katja Fennel, and Blair J. W. Greenan
Biogeosciences, 15, 2111–2123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report a detailed mechanistic investigation of the impact of Hurricane Arthur on the CO2 cycling on the Scotian Shelf. We can show that in contrast to common thinking, the deepening of the surface during the summer months can lead to increased CO2 uptake as carbon-poor waters from subsurface water are brought up to the surface. Only during prolonged storm events is the deepening of the mixed layer strong enough to bring the (expected) carbon-rich water to the surface.
Julia M. Moriarty, Courtney K. Harris, Katja Fennel, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Kehui Xu, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 14, 1919–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1919-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1919-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In coastal aquatic environments, resuspension of sediment and organic material from the seabed into the overlying water can impact biogeochemistry. Here, we used a novel modeling approach to quantify this impact for the Rhône River delta. In the model, resuspension increased oxygen consumption during individual resuspension events, and when results were averaged over 2 months. This implies that observations and models that only represent calm conditions may underestimate net oxygen consumption.
Zuo Xue, Ruoying He, Katja Fennel, Wei-Jun Cai, Steven Lohrenz, Wei-Jen Huang, Hanqin Tian, Wei Ren, and Zhengchen Zang
Biogeosciences, 13, 4359–4377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we used a state-of-the-science coupled physical–biogeochemical model to simulate and examine temporal and spatial variability of sea surface CO2 concentration in the Gulf of Mexico. Our model revealed the Gulf was a net CO2 sink with a flux of 1.11 ± 0.84 × 1012 mol C yr−1. We also found that biological uptake was the primary driver making the Gulf an overall CO2 sink and that the carbon flux in the northern Gulf was very susceptible to changes in river inputs.
A. Laurent, K. Fennel, R. Wilson, J. Lehrter, and R. Devereux
Biogeosciences, 13, 77–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In low oxygen environments, the lack of oxygen influences sediment biogeochemistry and in turn sediment-water fluxes. These nonlinear interactions are often missing from biogeochemical circulation models because sediment models are computationally expensive. A method for parameterizing realistic sediment-water fluxes is presented and applied to the Mississippi River Dead Zone where high primary production, stimulated by excess nutrient loads, promotes low bottom water conditions in summer.
L. Yu, K. Fennel, A. Laurent, M. C. Murrell, and J. C. Lehrter
Biogeosciences, 12, 2063–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our study suggests that a combination of physical processes and sediment oxygen consumption determine the spatial extent and temporal dynamics of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. In summer, stratification isolates oxygen-rich surface waters from hypoxic bottom waters; oxygen outgasses to the atmosphere at this time. A large fraction of primary production occurs below the pycnocline in summer, but this primary production does not strongly affect the spatial extent of hypoxic bottom waters.
K.-K. Liu, C.-K. Kang, T. Kobari, H. Liu, C. Rabouille, and K. Fennel
Biogeosciences, 11, 7061–7075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides background info on the East China Sea, Japan/East Sea and South China Sea and highlights major findings in the special issue on their biogeochemical conditions and ecosystem functions. The three seas are subject to strong impacts from human activities and/or climate forcing. Because these continental margins sustain arguably some of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, changes in these stressed ecosystems may threaten the livelihood of a large human population.
Z. Xue, R. He, K. Fennel, W.-J. Cai, S. Lohrenz, and C. Hopkinson
Biogeosciences, 10, 7219–7234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, 2013
W. J. Burt, H. Thomas, K. Fennel, and E. Horne
Biogeosciences, 10, 53–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-53-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-53-2013, 2013
Li-Qing Jiang, Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, Dana Greeley, Leticia Barbero, Simone Alin, Brendan R. Carter, Denis Pierrot, Charles Featherstone, James Hooper, Chris Melrose, Natalie Monacci, Jonathan Sharp, Shawn Shellito, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Alex Kozyr, Robert H. Byrne, Wei-Jun Cai, Jessica Cross, Gregory C. Johnson, Burke Hales, Chris Langdon, Jeremy Mathis, Joe Salisbury, and David W. Townsend
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-402, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-402, 2021
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal ecosystems account for most of the economic activities related to commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries, supporting about 90 % of the global fisheries yield and 80 % of known species of marine fish. Despite the large potential risks from ocean acidification (OA), internally consistent OA data products in the coastal ocean still do not exist. This paper is the first time we report a high quality OA data product in the U.S. coastal waters.
Are Olsen, Nico Lange, Robert M. Key, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Steven van Heuven, Mario Hoppema, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Sara Jutterström, Camilla S. Landa, Siv K. Lauvset, Patrick Michaelis, Akihiko Murata, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Anton Velo, Rik Wanninkhof, and Ryan J. Woosley
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3653–3678, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3653-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by chemical analysis of water bottle samples at scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2020 is the second update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality control, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 946 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2019.
Jens Terhaar, Olivier Torres, Timothée Bourgeois, and Lester Kwiatkowski
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-456, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-456, 2020
Preprint under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The uptake of carbon, emitted as a result of human activities, results in ocean acidification. We analyse twenty-first century projections of acidification in the Arctic Ocean, a region of particular vulnerability, using the latest generation of Earth system models. In this new generation of models there is a large decrease in the uncertainty associated with projections of Arctic Ocean acidification, with freshening playing a greater role in driving acidification than previously simulated.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone Alin, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Selma Bultan, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Wiley Evans, Liesbeth Florentie, Piers M. Forster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ian Harris, Kerstin Hartung, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Vassilis Kitidis, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Adam J. P. Smith, Adrienne J. Sutton, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Guido van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3269–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2020 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Haiyan Zhang, Katja Fennel, Arnaud Laurent, and Changwei Bian
Biogeosciences, 17, 5745–5761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In coastal seas, low oxygen, which is detrimental to coastal ecosystems, is increasingly caused by man-made nutrients from land. This is especially so near mouths of major rivers, including the Changjiang in the East China Sea. Here a simulation model is used to identify the main factors determining low-oxygen conditions in the region. High river discharge is identified as the prime cause, while wind and intrusions of open-ocean water modulate the severity and extent of low-oxygen conditions.
Hakase Hayashida, Meibing Jin, Nadja S. Steiner, Neil C. Swart, Eiji Watanabe, Russell Fiedler, Andrew McC. Hogg, Andrew E. Kiss, Richard J. Matear, and Peter G. Strutton
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-305, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-305, 2020
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Ice algae are tiny plants like phytoplankton but they grow within sea ice. In polar regions, both phytoplankton and ice algae are the foundation of marine ecosystems and play an important role in taking up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. However, state-of-the-art climate models typically do not include ice algae, and therefore their role in the climate system remains unclear. This project aims to address this knowledge gap by coordinating a set of experiments using sea ice-ocean models.
Thomas S. Bianchi, Madhur Anand, Chris T. Bauch, Donald E. Canfield, Luc De Meester, Katja Fennel, Peter M. Groffman, Michael L. Pace, Mak Saito, and Myrna J. Simpson
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-395, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Better development of interdisciplinary linkages ties between biology, geology, and chemistry advance biogeochemistry through: 1) better integration of contemporary (or rapid) evolutionary adaptation to predict changing biogeochemical cycles, 2) universal integration of data from long-term monitoring sites in terrestrial, aquatic, and human systems, that span broad geographical regions for use in modeling.
Christopher Gordon, Katja Fennel, Clark Richards, Lynn K. Shay, and Jodi K. Brewster
Biogeosciences, 17, 4119–4134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a method for correcting errors in oxygen optode measurements on autonomous platforms in the ocean. The errors result from the relatively slow response time of the sensor. The correction method includes an in situ determination of the effective response time and requires the time stamps of the individual measurements. It is highly relevant for the BGC-Argo program and also applicable to gliders. We also explore if diurnal changes in oxygen can be obtained from profiling floats.
Bin Wang, Katja Fennel, Liuqian Yu, and Christopher Gordon
Biogeosciences, 17, 4059–4074, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess trade-offs between different types of biological observations, specifically satellite ocean color and BGC-Argo profiles and the benefits of combining both for optimizing a biogeochemical model of the Gulf of Mexico. Using all available observations leads to significant improvements in observed and unobserved variables (including primary production and C export). Our results highlight the significant benefits of BGC-Argo measurements for biogeochemical model optimization and validation.
Samantha A. Siedlecki, Darren Pilcher, Evan M. Howard, Curtis Deutsch, Parker MacCready, Emily L. Norton, Hartmut Frenzel, Jan Newton, Richard A. Feely, Simone R. Alin, and Terrie Klinger
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-279, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Future ocean conditions can be assessed using present trends in fossil fuel use paired with earth system models. Global earth system models generally do not include the full range of local processes important to coastal ecosystems. Compared to global changes, these coastal processes alter the degree of change observed. Higher resolution models that include local processes driven by the global earth system simulations predict modified changes in carbon stressors than projected by global models.
Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Hanqin Tian, and Yuanzhi Yao
Biogeosciences, 17, 3779–3796, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past century, estuaries have experienced global (atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature) and regional changes (river inputs, land use), but their relative impact remains poorly known. In the Chesapeake Bay, we find that global and regional changes have worked together to enhance how much atmospheric CO2 is taken up by the estuary. The increased uptake is roughly equally due to the global and regional changes, providing crucial perspective for managers of the bay's watershed.
Arnaud Laurent, Katja Fennel, and Angela Kuhn
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-265, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-265, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, and a high-resolution regional model, were evaluated by comparing historical simulations with observations in the Northwest North Atlantic, a climate-sensitive and biologically productive ocean margin region. Many of the CMIP models performed poorly for biological properties. There is no clear link between model resolution and skill in the global models, but an overall improvement in performance in CMIP6 from CMIP5. The regional model performed best.
Rik Wanninkhof, Denis Pierrot, Kevin Sullivan, Leticia Barbero, and Joaquin Triñanes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1489–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1489-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a 17-year dataset of over a million data points of automated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) measurements on large luxury cruise ships of Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines (RCCL). These data are used to provide trends of ocean acidification and air–sea CO2 fluxes. The effort was possible through a unique continuing industry (RCCL), academic (University of Miami) and governmental (NOAA) partnership.
Lester Kwiatkowski, Olivier Torres, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Matthew Chamberlain, James R. Christian, John P. Dunne, Marion Gehlen, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Andrew Lenton, Hongmei Li, Nicole S. Lovenduski, James C. Orr, Julien Palmieri, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Charles A. Stock, Alessandro Tagliabue, Yohei Takano, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess 21st century projections of marine biogeochemistry in the CMIP6 Earth system models. These models represent the most up-to-date understanding of climate change. The models generally project greater surface ocean warming, acidification, subsurface deoxygenation, and euphotic nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than the previous generation of models. This has major implications for the impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems.
Fabian Große, Katja Fennel, Haiyan Zhang, and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 17, 2701–2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the East China Sea, hypoxia occurs frequently from spring to fall due to high primary production and subsequent decomposition of organic matter. Nitrogen inputs from the Changjiang and the open ocean have been suggested to contribute to hypoxia formation. We used a numerical modelling approach to quantify the relative contributions of these nitrogen sources. We found that the Changjiang dominates, which suggests that nitrogen management in the watershed would improve oxygen conditions.
Thomas L. Frölicher, Luca Ramseyer, Christoph C. Raible, Keith B. Rodgers, and John Dunne
Biogeosciences, 17, 2061–2083, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2061-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2061-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Climate variations can have profound impacts on marine ecosystems. Here we show that on global scales marine ecosystem drivers such as temperature, pH, O2 and NPP are potentially predictable 3 (at the surface) and more than 10 years (subsurface) in advance. However, there are distinct regional differences in the potential predictability of these drivers. Our study suggests that physical–biogeochemical forecast systems have considerable potential for use in marine resource management.
Fabian A. Gomez, Rik Wanninkhof, Leticia Barbero, Sang-Ki Lee, and Frank J. Hernandez Jr.
Biogeosciences, 17, 1685–1700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use a numerical model to infer annual changes of surface carbon chemistry in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The main seasonality drivers of partial pressure of carbon dioxide and aragonite saturation state from the model are temperature and river runoff. The GoM basin is a carbon sink in winter–spring and carbon source in summer–fall, but uptake prevails near the Mississippi Delta year-round due to high biological production. Our model results show good correspondence with observational studies.
Liuqian Yu, Katja Fennel, Bin Wang, Arnaud Laurent, Keith R. Thompson, and Lynn K. Shay
Ocean Sci., 15, 1801–1814, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1801-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1801-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first direct comparison of nonidentical versus identical twin approaches for an ocean data assimilation system. We show that the identical twin approach overestimates the value of assimilating satellite observations and undervalues the benefit of assimilating temperature and salinity profiles. Misleading assessments such as undervaluing the impact of observational assets are problematic and can lead to misguided decisions on balancing investments among different observing assets.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Ana Bastos, Vladislav Bastrikov, Meike Becker, Laurent Bopp, Erik Buitenhuis, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Kim I. Currie, Richard A. Feely, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Daniel S. Goll, Nicolas Gruber, Sören Gutekunst, Ian Harris, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, George Hurtt, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Jed O. Kaplan, Etsushi Kato, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Anna Peregon, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Roland Séférian, Jörg Schwinger, Naomi Smith, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco N. Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Andrew J. Wiltshire, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1783–1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2019 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Juan Antonio Delgado, Joël Sudre, Sorayda Tanahara, Ivonne Montes, José Martín Hernández-Ayón, and Alberto Zirino
Ocean Sci., 15, 1561–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1561-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1561-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, 25 years of daily satellite data on absolute dynamic topography (ADT) show that before 2002 Caribbean Water (CW) was less intrusive inside the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Our results suggests that from 2003 onward, larger volumes of oligotrophic waters from the Caribbean Sea have invaded the western GoM and reduced mean surface Chl a concentrations. A direct comparison between the 1998–2002 and 2009–2014 periods indicates that the Chl a concentration has decreased significantly.
Are Olsen, Nico Lange, Robert M. Key, Toste Tanhua, Marta Álvarez, Susan Becker, Henry C. Bittig, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Steven van Heuven, Mario Hoppema, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Steve D. Jones, Sara Jutterström, Maren K. Karlsen, Alex Kozyr, Siv K. Lauvset, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Maciej Telszewski, Bronte Tilbrook, Anton Velo, and Rik Wanninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1437–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1437-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1437-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by chemical analysis of water bottle samples at scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2019 is the first update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality control, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 840 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2017.
Gabriela Yareli Cervantes-Diaz, Jose Martín Hernández-Ayón, Alberto Zirino, Sharon Zinah Herzka, Victor Camacho-Ibar, Ivonne Montes, Joël Sudre, and Juan Antonio Delgado
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-340, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we presents a new classification of water masses in the GoM, based on thermohaline properties and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration using data from a total of five summer and winter cruises carried out primarily in the central GoM. The importance of this redefinition of the water masses contributes to a better understanding of their role in the dynamics of nutrients (and carbon).
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1037–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2018) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Hakase Hayashida, James R. Christian, Amber M. Holdsworth, Xianmin Hu, Adam H. Monahan, Eric Mortenson, Paul G. Myers, Olivier G. J. Riche, Tessa Sou, and Nadja S. Steiner
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1965–1990, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1965-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1965-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ice algae, the primary producer in sea ice, play a fundamental role in shaping marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling of key elements in polar regions. In this study, we developed a process-based numerical model component representing sea-ice biogeochemistry for a sea ice–ocean coupled general circulation model. The model developed can be used to simulate the projected changes in sea-ice ecosystems and biogeochemistry in response to on-going rapid decline of the Arctic.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. McPhaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, and Robert A. Weller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggests the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, W. Richard Leaitch, Amir A. Aliabadi, Allan K. Bertram, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Heiko Bozem, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y. W. Chang, Joannie Charette, Jai P. Chaubey, Robert J. Christensen, Ana Cirisan, Douglas B. Collins, Betty Croft, Joelle Dionne, Greg J. Evans, Christopher G. Fletcher, Martí Galí, Roghayeh Ghahremaninezhad, Eric Girard, Wanmin Gong, Michel Gosselin, Margaux Gourdal, Sarah J. Hanna, Hakase Hayashida, Andreas B. Herber, Sareh Hesaraki, Peter Hoor, Lin Huang, Rachel Hussherr, Victoria E. Irish, Setigui A. Keita, John K. Kodros, Franziska Köllner, Felicia Kolonjari, Daniel Kunkel, Luis A. Ladino, Kathy Law, Maurice Levasseur, Quentin Libois, John Liggio, Martine Lizotte, Katrina M. Macdonald, Rashed Mahmood, Randall V. Martin, Ryan H. Mason, Lisa A. Miller, Alexander Moravek, Eric Mortenson, Emma L. Mungall, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maryam Namazi, Ann-Lise Norman, Norman T. O'Neill, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Lynn M. Russell, Johannes Schneider, Hannes Schulz, Sangeeta Sharma, Meng Si, Ralf M. Staebler, Nadja S. Steiner, Jennie L. Thomas, Knut von Salzen, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Megan D. Willis, Gregory R. Wentworth, Jun-Wei Xu, and Jacqueline D. Yakobi-Hancock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2527–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is experiencing considerable environmental change with climate warming, illustrated by the dramatic decrease in sea-ice extent. It is important to understand both the natural and perturbed Arctic systems to gain a better understanding of how they will change in the future. This paper summarizes new insights into the relationships between Arctic aerosol particles and climate, as learned over the past five or so years by a large Canadian research consortium, NETCARE.
Angela M. Kuhn, Katja Fennel, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 7379–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies demonstrate that marine N2 fixation can be carried out without light. However, direct measurements of N2 fixation in dark environments are relatively scarce. This study uses a model that represents biogeochemical cycles at a deep-ocean location in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Different model versions are used to test assumptions about N2 fixers. Relaxing light limitation for marine N2 fixers improved the similarity between model results and observations of deep nitrate and oxygen.
Corinne Le Quéré, Robbie M. Andrew, Pierre Friedlingstein, Stephen Sitch, Judith Hauck, Julia Pongratz, Penelope A. Pickers, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Glen P. Peters, Josep G. Canadell, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Leticia Barbero, Ana Bastos, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Philippe Ciais, Scott C. Doney, Thanos Gkritzalis, Daniel S. Goll, Ian Harris, Vanessa Haverd, Forrest M. Hoffman, Mario Hoppema, Richard A. Houghton, George Hurtt, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Truls Johannessen, Chris D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Are Olsen, Tsueno Ono, Prabir Patra, Anna Peregon, Wouter Peters, Philippe Peylin, Benjamin Pfeil, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Matthias Rocher, Christian Rödenbeck, Ute Schuster, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Adrienne Sutton, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco N. Tubiello, Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Viovy, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Rebecca Wright, Sönke Zaehle, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2141–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2018 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Ira Leifer, F. Robert Chen, Thomas McClimans, Frank Muller Karger, and Leonid Yurganov
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-237, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-237, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We studied long-term satellite data of the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) of atmospheric CH4 and sea surface temperature (SST). Enhanced CH4 was found near Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land, sources not in current budgets and areas of shoaling–where currents drive CH4–rich seabed water upslope to escape to the atmosphere, far from the source. Trends suggest increasing current heat transport warms the seabed, driving CH4 seepage from submerged hydrates and permafrost.
Krysten Rutherford and Katja Fennel
Ocean Sci., 14, 1207–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional model of the northwestern North Atlantic shelves, we calculate transport timescales and pathways in order to understand the transport processes that underlie the rapid oxygen loss, air–sea CO2 flux, and supply of plankton seed populations on the Scotian Shelf. Study results highlight the limited connectivity between the Scotian Shelf and adjacent slope waters; instead, the dominant southwestward currents bring Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence waters to the Scotian Shelf.
Melissa Meléndez, Joseph Salisbury, Dwight Gledhill, Chris Langdon, Julio M. Morell, Derek Manzello, Sylvia Musielewicz, and Adrienne Sutton
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-408, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-408, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Using observations from the NOAA CO2 buoy in La Parguera, Puerto Rico along with modeling approaches yield useful indices of biological processes affecting the water column over the reef. This study provided the first long-term monitoring of coral reef biological processes. Results show that processes that produce CO2 dominated over most of the year leading to high dissolution rates. This can have implications on the reef system's ability to recover to other climate-scale stressors (warming).
Marine Bretagnon, Aurélien Paulmier, Véronique Garçon, Boris Dewitte, Séréna Illig, Nathalie Leblond, Laurent Coppola, Fernando Campos, Federico Velazco, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Andreas Oschlies, J. Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Helmut Maske, Oscar Vergara, Ivonne Montes, Philippe Martinez, Edgardo Carrasco, Jacques Grelet, Olivier Desprez-De-Gesincourt, Christophe Maes, and Lionel Scouarnec
Biogeosciences, 15, 5093–5111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5093-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5093-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In oxygen minimum zone, the fate of the organic matter is a key question as the low oxygen condition would preserve the OM and thus enhance the biological carbon pump while the high microbial activity would foster the remineralisation and the greenhouse gases emission. To investigate this paradigm, sediment traps were deployed off Peru. We pointed out the influence of the oxygenation as well as the organic matter quantity and quality on the carbon transfer efficiency in the oxygen minimum zone.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, and Alex Kozyr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-77, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggest the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Cale A. Miller, Katie Pocock, Wiley Evans, and Amanda L. Kelley
Ocean Sci., 14, 751–768, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-751-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-751-2018, 2018
Andrea J. Fassbender, Simone R. Alin, Richard A. Feely, Adrienne J. Sutton, Jan A. Newton, Christopher Krembs, Julia Bos, Mya Keyzers, Allan Devol, Wendi Ruef, and Greg Pelletier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1367–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1367-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1367-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification (OA) is difficult to identify in coastal marine waters due to the magnitude of natural variability and lack of historical baseline information. To provide regional context for ongoing research, adaptation, and management efforts, we have collated high-quality publicly available data to characterize seasonal cycles of OA-relevant parameters in the Pacific Northwest marine surface waters. Large nonstationary chemical gradients from the open ocean into the Salish Sea are found.
Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Yanyun Liu, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Frank E. Muller-Karger, and John T. Lamkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3561–3576, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal patterns in nanophytoplankton and diatom biomass in the Gulf of Mexico were examined with an ocean–biogeochemical model. We found silica limitation of model diatom growth in the deep GoM and Mississippi delta. Zooplankton grazing and both transport and vertical mixing of biomass substantially influence the model phytoplankton biomass seasonality. We stress the need for integrated analyses of biologically and physically driven biomass fluxes to describe phytoplankton seasonal changes.
Katja Fennel and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 15, 3121–3131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3121-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3121-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing human-derived nutrient inputs to coastal oceans lead to spreading dead zones around the world. Here a biogeochemical model for the northern Gulf of Mexico, where nutrients from the Mississippi River create the largest dead zone in North American coastal waters, is used for the first time to show the effects of single and dual nutrient reductions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Significant reductions in N or N&P load would be required to significantly reduce hypoxia in this system.
Ira Leifer, F. Robert Chen, Thomas McClimans, Frank Muller Karger, and Leonid Yurganov
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-75, 2018
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Based on long-term satellite data of sea surface temperature and methane in the Barents and Kara Seas trends of increasing methane and sea surface temperature were found that were related to strengthening currents with strong methane anomalies near Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Likely sources are methane seepage from subsea permafrost and hydrates, with current shoaling aiding the transport of near seabed dissolved methane to upper waters and the atmosphere.
Derek P. Tittensor, Tyler D. Eddy, Heike K. Lotze, Eric D. Galbraith, William Cheung, Manuel Barange, Julia L. Blanchard, Laurent Bopp, Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz, Matthias Büchner, Catherine Bulman, David A. Carozza, Villy Christensen, Marta Coll, John P. Dunne, Jose A. Fernandes, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Alistair J. Hobday, Veronika Huber, Simon Jennings, Miranda Jones, Patrick Lehodey, Jason S. Link, Steve Mackinson, Olivier Maury, Susa Niiranen, Ricardo Oliveros-Ramos, Tilla Roy, Jacob Schewe, Yunne-Jai Shin, Tiago Silva, Charles A. Stock, Jeroen Steenbeek, Philip J. Underwood, Jan Volkholz, James R. Watson, and Nicola D. Walker
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1421–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1421-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1421-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Model intercomparison studies in the climate and Earth sciences communities have been crucial for strengthening future projections. Given the speed and magnitude of anthropogenic change in the marine environment, the time is ripe for similar comparisons among models of fisheries and marine ecosystems. We describe the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project, which brings together the marine ecosystem modelling community to inform long-term projections of marine ecosystems.
Jonathan Lemay, Helmuth Thomas, Susanne E. Craig, William J. Burt, Katja Fennel, and Blair J. W. Greenan
Biogeosciences, 15, 2111–2123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2111-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report a detailed mechanistic investigation of the impact of Hurricane Arthur on the CO2 cycling on the Scotian Shelf. We can show that in contrast to common thinking, the deepening of the surface during the summer months can lead to increased CO2 uptake as carbon-poor waters from subsurface water are brought up to the surface. Only during prolonged storm events is the deepening of the mixed layer strong enough to bring the (expected) carbon-rich water to the surface.
Corinne Le Quéré, Robbie M. Andrew, Pierre Friedlingstein, Stephen Sitch, Julia Pongratz, Andrew C. Manning, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Glen P. Peters, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Thomas A. Boden, Pieter P. Tans, Oliver D. Andrews, Vivek K. Arora, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Leticia Barbero, Meike Becker, Richard A. Betts, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Philippe Ciais, Catherine E. Cosca, Jessica Cross, Kim Currie, Thomas Gasser, Ian Harris, Judith Hauck, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Christopher W. Hunt, George Hurtt, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Etsushi Kato, Markus Kautz, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Ivan Lima, Danica Lombardozzi, Nicolas Metzl, Frank Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, X. Antonio Padin, Anna Peregon, Benjamin Pfeil, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Janet Reimer, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Benjamin D. Stocker, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco N. Tubiello, Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx, Guido R. van der Werf, Steven van Heuven, Nicolas Viovy, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Watson, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Sönke Zaehle, and Dan Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 405–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2017 describes data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. It is the 12th annual update and the 6th published in this journal.
Giuliana Turi, Michael Alexander, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Antonietta Capotondi, James Scott, Charles Stock, John Dunne, Jasmin John, and Michael Jacox
Ocean Sci., 14, 69–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-69-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-69-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution global model was used to study the influence of El Niño/La Niña events on the California Current System (CalCS). The mean surface oxygen (O2) response extends well offshore, where the pH response occurs within ~ 100 km of the coast. The surface O2 (pH) is primarily driven by temperature (upwelling) changes. Below 100 m, anomalously low O2 and low pH occurred during La Niña events near the coast, potentially stressing the ecosystem, but there are large variations between events.
Hakase Hayashida, Nadja Steiner, Adam Monahan, Virginie Galindo, Martine Lizotte, and Maurice Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 14, 3129–3155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In remote regions, cloud conditions may be strongly influenced by oceanic source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by plankton and bacteria. In the Arctic, sea ice provides an additional source of these aerosols. The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account both the sea-ice sulfur cycle and ecosystem in the flux estimates of oceanic DMS near the ice margins and identify key uncertainties in processes and rates that would be better constrained by new observations.
James C. Orr, Raymond G. Najjar, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, John L. Bullister, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Jean-Claude Dutay, Heather Graven, Stephen M. Griffies, Jasmin G. John, Fortunat Joos, Ingeborg Levin, Keith Lindsay, Richard J. Matear, Galen A. McKinley, Anne Mouchet, Andreas Oschlies, Anastasia Romanou, Reiner Schlitzer, Alessandro Tagliabue, Toste Tanhua, and Andrew Yool
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2169–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is a model comparison effort under Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Its physical component is described elsewhere in this special issue. Here we describe its ocean biogeochemical component (OMIP-BGC), detailing simulation protocols and analysis diagnostics. Simulations focus on ocean carbon, other biogeochemical tracers, air-sea exchange of CO2 and related gases, and chemical tracers used to evaluate modeled circulation.
David T. Ho, Sara Ferrón, Victor C. Engel, William T. Anderson, Peter K. Swart, René M. Price, and Leticia Barbero
Biogeosciences, 14, 2543–2559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2543-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2543-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Mangroves take up more carbon (C) than any other ecosystems, but > 50 % of this C is
missing. The forest loses organic C to the surrounding waters, which might be rapidly transformed into inorganic C. Previous studies focused on organic C could have missed this important sink. We examined the sources and sinks of dissolved C in two mangrove estuaries, and confirmed that ca. 90 % of the total dissolved mangrove-derived C flux flowing out of the estuaries was inorganic C.
Julia M. Moriarty, Courtney K. Harris, Katja Fennel, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Kehui Xu, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 14, 1919–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1919-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1919-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In coastal aquatic environments, resuspension of sediment and organic material from the seabed into the overlying water can impact biogeochemistry. Here, we used a novel modeling approach to quantify this impact for the Rhône River delta. In the model, resuspension increased oxygen consumption during individual resuspension events, and when results were averaged over 2 months. This implies that observations and models that only represent calm conditions may underestimate net oxygen consumption.
Amy E. Maas, Gareth L. Lawson, and Zhaohui Aleck Wang
Biogeosciences, 13, 6191–6210, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6191-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6191-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this study was to determine whether natural variation in environmental exposure changes the sensitivity of thecosome pteropods to high CO2 and low O2 by comparing individuals from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Of the species studied, no thecosome showed a change in oxygen consumption in response to high CO2 alone. Only one species, Limacina retroversa from the Atlantic, showed a reduced metabolic rate in response to the combined treatment.
Corinne Le Quéré, Robbie M. Andrew, Josep G. Canadell, Stephen Sitch, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Glen P. Peters, Andrew C. Manning, Thomas A. Boden, Pieter P. Tans, Richard A. Houghton, Ralph F. Keeling, Simone Alin, Oliver D. Andrews, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Philippe Ciais, Kim Currie, Christine Delire, Scott C. Doney, Pierre Friedlingstein, Thanos Gkritzalis, Ian Harris, Judith Hauck, Vanessa Haverd, Mario Hoppema, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Atul K. Jain, Etsushi Kato, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Joe R. Melton, Nicolas Metzl, Frank Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Kevin O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Christian Rödenbeck, Joe Salisbury, Ute Schuster, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Benjamin D. Stocker, Adrienne J. Sutton, Taro Takahashi, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Viovy, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Wiltshire, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 605–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2016 is the 11th annual update of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. This data synthesis brings together measurements, statistical information, and analyses of model results in order to provide an assessment of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties for years 1959 to 2015, with a projection for year 2016.
Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Camilla S. Landa, Nicolas Metzl, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Karl Smith, Cathy Cosca, Sumiko Harasawa, Stephen D. Jones, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Ute Schuster, Tobias Steinhoff, Colm Sweeney, Taro Takahashi, Bronte Tilbrook, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Simone R. Alin, Carlos F. Balestrini, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Frédéric Bonou, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Eugene F. Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Robert D. Castle, Liqi Chen, Melissa Chierici, Kim Currie, Wiley Evans, Charles Featherstone, Richard A. Feely, Agneta Fransson, Catherine Goyet, Naomi Greenwood, Luke Gregor, Steven Hankin, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Jérôme Harlay, Judith Hauck, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christopher W. Hunt, Betty Huss, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Truls Johannessen, Ralph Keeling, Vassilis Kitidis, Arne Körtzinger, Alex Kozyr, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Akira Kuwata, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Claire Lo Monaco, Ansley Manke, Jeremy T. Mathis, Liliane Merlivat, Frank J. Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Akihiko Murata, Timothy Newberger, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Kristina Paterson, David Pearce, Denis Pierrot, Lisa L. Robbins, Shu Saito, Joe Salisbury, Reiner Schlitzer, Bernd Schneider, Roland Schweitzer, Rainer Sieger, Ingunn Skjelvan, Kevin F. Sullivan, Stewart C. Sutherland, Adrienne J. Sutton, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Maciej Telszewski, Matthias Tuma, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Brian Ward, Andrew J. Watson, and Suqing Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 383–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) has 14.5 million CO2 (carbon dioxide) values for the years 1957 to 2014 covering the global oceans and coastal seas. Version 3 is an update to version 2 with a longer record and 44 % more CO2 values. The CO2 measurements have been made on ships, fixed moorings and drifting buoys. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification, as well as model evaluation, thus informing climate negotiations.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Christopher L. Sabine, Richard A. Feely, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Michael J. McPhaden, Julio M. Morell, Jan A. Newton, Jae-Hoon Noh, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Douglas C. Vandemark, and Robert A. Weller
Biogeosciences, 13, 5065–5083, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean carbonate observations from surface buoys reveal that marine life is currently exposed to conditions outside preindustrial bounds at 12 study locations around the world. Seasonal conditions in the California Current Ecosystem and Gulf of Maine also exceed thresholds that may impact shellfish larvae. High-resolution observations place long-term change in the context of large natural variability: a necessary step to understand ocean acidification impacts under real-world conditions.
Chris D. Jones, Vivek Arora, Pierre Friedlingstein, Laurent Bopp, Victor Brovkin, John Dunne, Heather Graven, Forrest Hoffman, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Martin Jung, Michio Kawamiya, Charlie Koven, Julia Pongratz, Thomas Raddatz, James T. Randerson, and Sönke Zaehle
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2853–2880, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2853-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2853-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
How the carbon cycle interacts with climate will affect future climate change and how society plans emissions reductions to achieve climate targets. The Coupled Climate Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (C4MIP) is an endorsed activity of CMIP6 and aims to quantify these interactions and feedbacks in state-of-the-art climate models. This paper lays out the experimental protocol for modelling groups to follow to contribute to C4MIP. It is a contribution to the CMIP6 GMD Special Issue.
Zuo Xue, Ruoying He, Katja Fennel, Wei-Jun Cai, Steven Lohrenz, Wei-Jen Huang, Hanqin Tian, Wei Ren, and Zhengchen Zang
Biogeosciences, 13, 4359–4377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we used a state-of-the-science coupled physical–biogeochemical model to simulate and examine temporal and spatial variability of sea surface CO2 concentration in the Gulf of Mexico. Our model revealed the Gulf was a net CO2 sink with a flux of 1.11 ± 0.84 × 1012 mol C yr−1. We also found that biological uptake was the primary driver making the Gulf an overall CO2 sink and that the carbon flux in the northern Gulf was very susceptible to changes in river inputs.
Timothée Bourgeois, James C. Orr, Laure Resplandy, Jens Terhaar, Christian Ethé, Marion Gehlen, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 13, 4167–4185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4167-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4167-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The global coastal ocean took up 0.1 Pg C yr−1 of anthropogenic carbon during 1993–2012 based on new biogeochemical simulations with an eddying 3-D global model. That is about half of the most recent estimate, an extrapolation based on surface areas. It should not be confused with the continental shelf pump, perhaps 10 times larger, which includes natural as well as anthropogenic carbon. Coastal uptake of anthropogenic carbon is limited by its offshore transport.
Charlotte Laufkötter, Meike Vogt, Nicolas Gruber, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Judith Hauck, Jasmin G. John, Ivan D. Lima, Roland Seferian, and Christoph Völker
Biogeosciences, 13, 4023–4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compare future projections in marine export production, generated by four ecosystem models under IPCC's high-emission scenario RCP8.5. While all models project decreases in export, they differ strongly regarding the drivers. The formation of sinking particles of organic matter is the most uncertain process with models not agreeing on either magnitude or the direction of change. Changes in diatom concentration are a strong driver for export in some models but of low significance in others.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Hervé Claustre, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford Hooker, Mati Kahru, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Hubert Loisel, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Timothy Smyth, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 235–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2012) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Roland Séférian, Marion Gehlen, Laurent Bopp, Laure Resplandy, James C. Orr, Olivier Marti, John P. Dunne, James R. Christian, Scott C. Doney, Tatiana Ilyina, Keith Lindsay, Paul R. Halloran, Christoph Heinze, Joachim Segschneider, Jerry Tjiputra, Olivier Aumont, and Anastasia Romanou
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1827–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores how the large diversity in spin-up protocols used for ocean biogeochemistry in CMIP5 models contributed to inter-model differences in modeled fields. We show that a link between spin-up duration and skill-score metrics emerges from both individual IPSL-CM5A-LR's results and an ensemble of CMIP5 models. Our study suggests that differences in spin-up protocols constitute a source of inter-model uncertainty which would require more attention in future intercomparison exercises.
S. Sedigh Marvasti, A. Gnanadesikan, A. A. Bidokhti, J. P. Dunne, and S. Ghader
Biogeosciences, 13, 1049–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1049-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines challenges in modeling phytoplankton blooms in Northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Blooms in the region show strong modulation both by seasons and in the wintertime by eddies. However getting both of these correct is a challenge in a set of state-of-the-art global Earth System models. It is argued that maintaining a sharp pycnocline may be the key for preventing the wintertime bloom from being too strong and for allowing eddies to modulate upward mixing of nutrients.
A. Laurent, K. Fennel, R. Wilson, J. Lehrter, and R. Devereux
Biogeosciences, 13, 77–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-77-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In low oxygen environments, the lack of oxygen influences sediment biogeochemistry and in turn sediment-water fluxes. These nonlinear interactions are often missing from biogeochemical circulation models because sediment models are computationally expensive. A method for parameterizing realistic sediment-water fluxes is presented and applied to the Mississippi River Dead Zone where high primary production, stimulated by excess nutrient loads, promotes low bottom water conditions in summer.
C. Laufkötter, M. Vogt, N. Gruber, M. Aita-Noguchi, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, E. Buitenhuis, S. C. Doney, J. Dunne, T. Hashioka, J. Hauck, T. Hirata, J. John, C. Le Quéré, I. D. Lima, H. Nakano, R. Seferian, I. Totterdell, M. Vichi, and C. Völker
Biogeosciences, 12, 6955–6984, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze changes in marine net primary production (NPP) and its drivers for the 21st century in 9 marine ecosystem models under the RCP8.5 scenario. NPP decreases in 5 models and increases in 1 model; 3 models show no significant trend. The main drivers include stronger nutrient limitation, but in many models warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the nutrient effect. Temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in biomass and NPP.
C. Le Quéré, R. Moriarty, R. M. Andrew, J. G. Canadell, S. Sitch, J. I. Korsbakken, P. Friedlingstein, G. P. Peters, R. J. Andres, T. A. Boden, R. A. Houghton, J. I. House, R. F. Keeling, P. Tans, A. Arneth, D. C. E. Bakker, L. Barbero, L. Bopp, J. Chang, F. Chevallier, L. P. Chini, P. Ciais, M. Fader, R. A. Feely, T. Gkritzalis, I. Harris, J. Hauck, T. Ilyina, A. K. Jain, E. Kato, V. Kitidis, K. Klein Goldewijk, C. Koven, P. Landschützer, S. K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, I. D. Lima, N. Metzl, F. Millero, D. R. Munro, A. Murata, J. E. M. S. Nabel, S. Nakaoka, Y. Nojiri, K. O'Brien, A. Olsen, T. Ono, F. F. Pérez, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, C. Rödenbeck, S. Saito, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, T. Steinhoff, B. D. Stocker, A. J. Sutton, T. Takahashi, B. Tilbrook, I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G. R. van der Werf, S. van Heuven, D. Vandemark, N. Viovy, A. Wiltshire, S. Zaehle, and N. Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 349–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. We describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on a range of data and models and their interpretation by a broad scientific community.
Y. Takeshita, C. A. Frieder, T. R. Martz, J. R. Ballard, R. A. Feely, S. Kram, S. Nam, M. O. Navarro, N. N. Price, and J. E. Smith
Biogeosciences, 12, 5853–5870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5853-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5853-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, habitat-specific acidification projections are presented for four near-shore habitats in the Southern California Bight using high-temporal-resolution pH sensor data: surf zone, kelp forest, canyon edge, and the shelf break. All habitats were within 5km of one another and exhibited unique, habitat-specific CO2 variability signatures and acidification trajectories, demonstrating the importance of making projections in the context of habitat-specific CO2 signatures.
C. Le Quéré, R. Moriarty, R. M. Andrew, G. P. Peters, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, S. D. Jones, S. Sitch, P. Tans, A. Arneth, T. A. Boden, L. Bopp, Y. Bozec, J. G. Canadell, L. P. Chini, F. Chevallier, C. E. Cosca, I. Harris, M. Hoppema, R. A. Houghton, J. I. House, A. K. Jain, T. Johannessen, E. Kato, R. F. Keeling, V. Kitidis, K. Klein Goldewijk, C. Koven, C. S. Landa, P. Landschützer, A. Lenton, I. D. Lima, G. Marland, J. T. Mathis, N. Metzl, Y. Nojiri, A. Olsen, T. Ono, S. Peng, W. Peters, B. Pfeil, B. Poulter, M. R. Raupach, P. Regnier, C. Rödenbeck, S. Saito, J. E. Salisbury, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, J. Segschneider, T. Steinhoff, B. D. Stocker, A. J. Sutton, T. Takahashi, B. Tilbrook, G. R. van der Werf, N. Viovy, Y.-P. Wang, R. Wanninkhof, A. Wiltshire, and N. Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 47–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-47-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-47-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human activities (burning fossil fuels and cement production, deforestation and other land-use change) are set to rise again in 2014.
This study (updated yearly) makes an accurate assessment of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and their redistribution between the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in order to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change.
L. Yu, K. Fennel, A. Laurent, M. C. Murrell, and J. C. Lehrter
Biogeosciences, 12, 2063–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our study suggests that a combination of physical processes and sediment oxygen consumption determine the spatial extent and temporal dynamics of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. In summer, stratification isolates oxygen-rich surface waters from hypoxic bottom waters; oxygen outgasses to the atmosphere at this time. A large fraction of primary production occurs below the pycnocline in summer, but this primary production does not strongly affect the spatial extent of hypoxic bottom waters.
S. E. Hartman, Z.-P. Jiang, D. Turk, R. S. Lampitt, H. Frigstad, C. Ostle, and U. Schuster
Biogeosciences, 12, 845–853, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-845-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-845-2015, 2015
B. F. Jonsson, S. Doney, J. Dunne, and M. L. Bender
Biogeosciences, 12, 681–695, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-681-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-681-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We compare how two global circulation models simulate biological production over the year with observations. Note that models simulate the range of biological production and biomass well but fail with regard to timing and regional structures. This is probably because the physics in the models are wrong, especially vertical processes such as mixed layer dynamics.
C. D. Nevison, M. Manizza, R. F. Keeling, M. Kahru, L. Bopp, J. Dunne, J. Tiputra, T. Ilyina, and B. G. Mitchell
Biogeosciences, 12, 193–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-193-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-193-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The observed seasonal cycles in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) at five surface monitoring sites are compared to those inferred from the air-sea O2 fluxes of six ocean biogeochemistry models. The simulated air-sea fluxes are translated into APO seasonal cycles using a matrix method that takes into account atmospheric transport model (ATM) uncertainty among 13 different ATMs. Net primary production (NPP), estimated from satellite ocean color data, is also compared to model output.
C. A. Stock, J. P. Dunne, and J. G. John
Biogeosciences, 11, 7125–7135, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7125-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7125-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change projections suggest large regional ocean productivity shifts for mesozooplankton, an important food resource for fish, which are amplified relative to changes in phytoplankton production. Amplification is attributed to changes in planktonic food web dynamics under global warming. Results have implications for regional economies and food security. Improved understanding of the response of plankton food webs to climate change is essential to refine amplification estimates.
K.-K. Liu, C.-K. Kang, T. Kobari, H. Liu, C. Rabouille, and K. Fennel
Biogeosciences, 11, 7061–7075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides background info on the East China Sea, Japan/East Sea and South China Sea and highlights major findings in the special issue on their biogeochemical conditions and ecosystem functions. The three seas are subject to strong impacts from human activities and/or climate forcing. Because these continental margins sustain arguably some of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, changes in these stressed ecosystems may threaten the livelihood of a large human population.
M. Gehlen, R. Séférian, D. O. B. Jones, T. Roy, R. Roth, J. Barry, L. Bopp, S. C. Doney, J. P. Dunne, C. Heinze, F. Joos, J. C. Orr, L. Resplandy, J. Segschneider, and J. Tjiputra
Biogeosciences, 11, 6955–6967, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6955-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6955-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates potential impacts of pH reductions on North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems in response to latest IPCC scenarios.Multi-model projections of pH changes over the seafloor are analysed with reference to a critical threshold based on palaeo-oceanographic studies, contemporary observations and model results. By 2100 under the most severe IPCC CO2 scenario, pH reductions occur over ~23% of deep-sea canyons and ~8% of seamounts – including seamounts proposed as marine protected areas.
Z. Cao, M. Dai, W. Evans, J. Gan, and R. Feely
Biogeosciences, 11, 6341–6354, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6341-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6341-2014, 2014
A. J. Sutton, C. L. Sabine, S. Maenner-Jones, N. Lawrence-Slavas, C. Meinig, R. A. Feely, J. T. Mathis, S. Musielewicz, R. Bott, P. D. McLain, H. J. Fought, and A. Kozyr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 353–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
In an effort to track ocean change, sustained ocean observations are becoming increasingly important. Advancements in the ocean carbon observation network over the last decade have dramatically improved our ability to understand how rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change affect the chemistry of the oceans and their marine ecosystems. Here we describe one of those advancements, the MAPCO2 system, and the climate-quality data produced from 14 ocean CO2 observatories.
D. C. E. Bakker, B. Pfeil, K. Smith, S. Hankin, A. Olsen, S. R. Alin, C. Cosca, S. Harasawa, A. Kozyr, Y. Nojiri, K. M. O'Brien, U. Schuster, M. Telszewski, B. Tilbrook, C. Wada, J. Akl, L. Barbero, N. R. Bates, J. Boutin, Y. Bozec, W.-J. Cai, R. D. Castle, F. P. Chavez, L. Chen, M. Chierici, K. Currie, H. J. W. de Baar, W. Evans, R. A. Feely, A. Fransson, Z. Gao, B. Hales, N. J. Hardman-Mountford, M. Hoppema, W.-J. Huang, C. W. Hunt, B. Huss, T. Ichikawa, T. Johannessen, E. M. Jones, S. D. Jones, S. Jutterström, V. Kitidis, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, S. K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, A. B. Manke, J. T. Mathis, L. Merlivat, N. Metzl, A. Murata, T. Newberger, A. M. Omar, T. Ono, G.-H. Park, K. Paterson, D. Pierrot, A. F. Ríos, C. L. Sabine, S. Saito, J. Salisbury, V. V. S. S. Sarma, R. Schlitzer, R. Sieger, I. Skjelvan, T. Steinhoff, K. F. Sullivan, H. Sun, A. J. Sutton, T. Suzuki, C. Sweeney, T. Takahashi, J. Tjiputra, N. Tsurushima, S. M. A. C. van Heuven, D. Vandemark, P. Vlahos, D. W. R. Wallace, R. Wanninkhof, and A. J. Watson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 69–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, 2014
M. Ishii, R. A. Feely, K. B. Rodgers, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, D. Sasano, H. Sugimoto, C. E. Cosca, S. Nakaoka, M. Telszewski, Y. Nojiri, S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Y. Niwa, P. K. Patra, V. Valsala, H. Nakano, I. Lima, S. C. Doney, E. T. Buitenhuis, O. Aumont, J. P. Dunne, A. Lenton, and T. Takahashi
Biogeosciences, 11, 709–734, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-709-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-709-2014, 2014
Z. Xue, R. He, K. Fennel, W.-J. Cai, S. Lohrenz, and C. Hopkinson
Biogeosciences, 10, 7219–7234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, 2013
L. Bopp, L. Resplandy, J. C. Orr, S. C. Doney, J. P. Dunne, M. Gehlen, P. Halloran, C. Heinze, T. Ilyina, R. Séférian, J. Tjiputra, and M. Vichi
Biogeosciences, 10, 6225–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013, 2013
C. Beaulieu, S. A. Henson, Jorge L. Sarmiento, J. P. Dunne, S. C. Doney, R. R. Rykaczewski, and L. Bopp
Biogeosciences, 10, 2711–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2711-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2711-2013, 2013
J. Peloquin, C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. Ditullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C. A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Muller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, W. O. Jr. Smith, D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, N. Wasmund, and S. Wright
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 109–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, 2013
R. Wanninkhof, G. -H. Park, T. Takahashi, C. Sweeney, R. Feely, Y. Nojiri, N. Gruber, S. C. Doney, G. A. McKinley, A. Lenton, C. Le Quéré, C. Heinze, J. Schwinger, H. Graven, and S. Khatiwala
Biogeosciences, 10, 1983–2000, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013, 2013
V. Cocco, F. Joos, M. Steinacher, T. L. Frölicher, L. Bopp, J. Dunne, M. Gehlen, C. Heinze, J. Orr, A. Oschlies, B. Schneider, J. Segschneider, and J. Tjiputra
Biogeosciences, 10, 1849–1868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1849-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1849-2013, 2013
E. Montes, M. A. Altabet, F. E. Muller-Karger, M. I. Scranton, R. C. Thunell, C. Benitez-Nelson, L. Lorenzoni, and Y. M. Astor
Biogeosciences, 10, 267–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-267-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-267-2013, 2013
C. Hauri, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, S. C. Doney, R. A. Feely, Z. Lachkar, A. Leinweber, A. M. P. McDonnell, M. Munnich, and G.-K. Plattner
Biogeosciences, 10, 193–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, 2013
W. J. Burt, H. Thomas, K. Fennel, and E. Horne
Biogeosciences, 10, 53–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-53-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-53-2013, 2013
J. G. John, A. M. Fiore, V. Naik, L. W. Horowitz, and J. P. Dunne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12021–12036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12021-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12021-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
A Lagrangian study of the contribution of the Canary coastal upwelling to the nitrogen budget of the open North Atlantic
Denitrification by benthic foraminifera and their contribution to N-loss from a fjord environment
A numerical model study of the main factors contributing to hypoxia and its interannual and short-term variability in the East China Sea
The effects of decomposing invasive jellyfish on biogeochemical fluxes and microbial dynamics in an ultra-oligotrophic sea
Using 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Factors controlling plankton community production, export flux, and particulate matter stoichiometry in the coastal upwelling system off Peru
The Seasonal Phases of an Arctic Lagoon Reveal Non-linear pH Extremes
Reconstructing extreme climatic and geochemical conditions during the largest natural mangrove dieback on record
Technical note: Measurements and data analysis of sediment–water oxygen flux using a new dual-optode eddy covariance instrument
The impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North Sea
The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification
A regional hindcast model simulating ecosystem dynamics, inorganic carbon chemistry, and ocean acidification in the Gulf of Alaska
Impacts of biogenic polyunsaturated aldehydes on metabolism and community composition of particle-attached bacteria in coastal hypoxia
Relative impacts of global changes and regional watershed changes on the inorganic carbon balance of the Chesapeake Bay
Decoupling of ΔO2∕Ar and particulate organic carbon dynamics in nearshore surface ocean waters
Wind-driven stratification patterns and dissolved oxygen depletion off the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary
Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen in sediments of the eutrophic Stockholm archipelago, Baltic Sea
Quantifying the contributions of riverine vs. oceanic nitrogen to hypoxia in the East China Sea
Macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows can create significant carbon sinks
Regulation of nitrous oxide production in low-oxygen waters off the coast of Peru
Acrylic acid and related dimethylated sulfur compounds in the Bohai and Yellow seas during summer and winter
Fe(II) stability in coastal seawater during experiments in Patagonia, Svalbard, and Gran Canaria
Distribution and behaviour of dissolved selenium in tropical peatland-draining rivers and estuaries of Malaysia
Anomalies in the carbonate system of Red Sea coastal habitats
Tracing terrestrial versus marine sources of dissolved organic carbon in a coastal bay using stable carbon isotopes
The northern European shelf as increasing net sink for CO2
Major role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in N2O production in the Pearl River estuary
Long-term trends in pH in Japanese coastal seawater
Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea
Net heterotrophy and carbonate dissolution in two subtropical seagrass meadows
Shifts in dimethylated sulfur concentrations and microbiome composition in the red-tide causing dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum during a simulated marine heatwave
Controls on redox-sensitive trace metals in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zone
Seasonal and spatial patterns of primary production in a high-latitude fjord affected by Greenland Ice Sheet run-off
Spring net community production and its coupling with the CO2 dynamics in the surface water of the northern Gulf of Mexico
Distribution, seasonality, and fluxes of dissolved organic matter in the Pearl River (Zhujiang) estuary, China
Dissolved organic matter at the fluvial–marine transition in the Laptev Sea using in situ data and ocean colour remote sensing
Collection of large benthic invertebrates in sediment traps in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
ENSO-driven fluctuations in oxygen supply and vertical extent of oxygen-poor waters in the oxygen minimum zone of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific
Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales
Patterns of suspended particulate matter across the continental margin in the Canadian Beaufort Sea during summer
Reduced phosphorus loads from the Loire and Vilaine rivers were accompanied by increasing eutrophication in the Vilaine Bay (south Brittany, France)
Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm experiment
Interannual variability in the summer dissolved organic matter inventory of the North Sea: implications for the continental shelf pump
Remineralization rate of terrestrial DOC as inferred from CO2 supersaturated coastal waters
High-frequency variability of CO2 in Grand Passage, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia
Sedimentary alkalinity generation and long-term alkalinity development in the Baltic Sea
Warming effect on nitrogen fixation in Mediterranean macrophyte sediments
High denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation contributes to net nitrogen loss in a seagrass ecosystem in the central Red Sea
Turbulence measurements suggest high rates of new production over the shelf edge in the northeastern North Sea during summer
On biotic and abiotic drivers of the microphytobenthos seasonal cycle in a temperate intertidal mudflat: a modelling study
Derara Hailegeorgis, Zouhair Lachkar, Christoph Rieper, and Nicolas Gruber
Biogeosciences, 18, 303–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a Lagrangian modeling approach, this study provides a quantitative analysis of water and nitrogen offshore transport in the Canary Current System. We investigate the timescales, reach and structure of offshore transport and demonstrate that the Canary upwelling is a key source of nutrients to the open North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings stress the need for improving the representation of the Canary system and other eastern boundary upwelling systems in global coarse-resolution models.
Constance Choquel, Emmanuelle Geslin, Edouard Metzger, Helena L. Filipsson, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Patrick Launeau, Manuel Giraud, Thierry Jauffrais, Bruno Jesus, and Aurélia Mouret
Biogeosciences, 18, 327–341, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Marine microorganisms such as foraminifera are able to live temporarily without oxygen in sediments. In a Swedish fjord subjected to seasonal oxygen scarcity, a change in fauna linked to the decrease in oxygen and the increase in an invasive species was shown. The invasive species respire nitrate until 100 % of the nitrate porewater in the sediment and could be a major contributor to nitrogen balance in oxic coastal ecosystems. But prolonged hypoxia creates unfavorable conditions to survive.
Haiyan Zhang, Katja Fennel, Arnaud Laurent, and Changwei Bian
Biogeosciences, 17, 5745–5761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In coastal seas, low oxygen, which is detrimental to coastal ecosystems, is increasingly caused by man-made nutrients from land. This is especially so near mouths of major rivers, including the Changjiang in the East China Sea. Here a simulation model is used to identify the main factors determining low-oxygen conditions in the region. High river discharge is identified as the prime cause, while wind and intrusions of open-ocean water modulate the severity and extent of low-oxygen conditions.
Tamar Guy-Haim, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Eyal Rahav, Natalia Belkin, Jacob Silverman, and Guy Sisma-Ventura
Biogeosciences, 17, 5489–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5489-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The availability of nutrients in oligotrophic marine ecosystems is limited. Following jellyfish blooms, large die-off events result in the release of high amounts of nutrients to the water column and sediment. Our study assessed the decomposition effects of an infamous invasive jellyfish in the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea. We found that jellyfish decomposition favored heterotrophic bacteria and altered biogeochemical fluxes, further impoverishing this nutrient-poor ecosystem.
Chantal Mears, Helmuth Thomas, Paul B. Henderson, Matthew A. Charette, Hugh MacIntyre, Frank Dehairs, Christophe Monnin, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 4937–4959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Major research initiatives have been undertaken within the Arctic Ocean, highlighting this area's global importance and vulnerability to climate change. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program addressed this importance by devoting intense research activities to the Arctic Ocean. Among various tracers, we used radium and carbonate system data to elucidate the functioning and vulnerability of the hydrographic regime of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, bridging the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Allanah Joy Paul, Tim Boxhammer, Elisabeth von der Esch, Michelle Graco, Kai Georg Schulz, Eric Achterberg, Paulina Aguayo, Javier Arístegui, Patrizia Ayón, Isabel Baños, Avy Bernales, Anne Sophie Boegeholz, Francisco Chavez, Gabriela Chavez, Shao-Min Chen, Kristin Doering, Alba Filella, Martin Fischer, Patricia Grasse, Mathias Haunost, Jan Hennke, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Mark Hopwood, Maricarmen Igarza, Verena Kalter, Leila Kittu, Peter Kohnert, Jesus Ledesma, Christian Lieberum, Silke Lischka, Carolin Löscher, Andrea Ludwig, Ursula Mendoza, Jana Meyer, Judith Meyer, Fabrizio Minutolo, Joaquin Ortiz Cortes, Jonna Piiparinen, Claudia Sforna, Kristian Spilling, Sonia Sanchez, Carsten Spisla, Michael Sswat, Mabel Zavala Moreira, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 17, 4831–4852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4831-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4831-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The eastern boundary upwelling system off Peru is among Earth's most productive ocean ecosystems, but the factors that control its functioning are poorly constrained. Here we used mesocosms, moored ~ 6 km offshore Peru, to investigate how processes in plankton communities drive key biogeochemical processes. We show that nutrient and light co-limitation keep productivity and export at a remarkably constant level while stoichiometry changes strongly with shifts in plankton community structure.
Cale A. Miller, Christina Bonsell, Nathan D. McTigue, and Amanda L. Kelley
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-358, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-358, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We report here the first year-long high-frequency pH data set for an Arctic lagoon that captures ice-free and ice-covered seasons. pH and salinity correlation varies by year as we observed positive correlation and independence. Photosynthesis is found to drive high pH values, and small changes in underwater solar radiation can result in rapid decreases in pH. We estimate that arctic lagoons may act as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere, potentially offsetting the arctic ocean's CO2 sink capacity.
James Z. Sippo, Isaac R. Santos, Christian J. Sanders, Patricia Gadd, Quan Hua, Catherine E. Lovelock, Nadia S. Santini, Scott G. Johnston, Yota Harada, Gloria Reithmeir, and Damien T. Maher
Biogeosciences, 17, 4707–4726, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4707-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4707-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In 2015–2016, a massive mangrove dieback event occurred along ~1000 km of coastline in Australia. Multiple lines of evidence from climate data, wood and sediment samples suggest low water availability within the dead mangrove forest. Wood and sediments also reveal a large increase in iron concentrations in mangrove sediments during the dieback. This study supports the hypothesis that the forest dieback was associated with low water availability driven by a climate-change-related ENSO event.
Markus Huettel, Peter Berg, and Alireza Merikhi
Biogeosciences, 17, 4459–4476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4459-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4459-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen fluxes are a valued proxy for organic carbon production and mineralization at the seafloor. These fluxes can be measured non-invasively with the aquatic eddy covariance instrument, but the fast, fragile oxygen sensor it uses often causes questionable flux data. We developed a dual-O2-optode instrument and data evaluation method that allow improved flux measurements. Deployments over carbonate sands in the shallow shelf demonstrate that the instrument can produce reliable oxygen flux data.
Fabian Schwichtenberg, Johannes Pätsch, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Helmuth Thomas, Vera Winde, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 17, 4223–4245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification has a range of potentially harmful consequences for marine organisms. It is related to total alkalinity (TA) mainly produced in oxygen-poor situations like sediments in tidal flats. TA reduces the sensitivity of a water body to acidification. The decomposition of organic material and subsequent TA release in the tidal areas of the North Sea (Wadden Sea) is responsible for reduced acidification in the southern North Sea. This is shown with the results of an ecosystem model.
Alexis Beaupré-Laperrière, Alfonso Mucci, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 17, 3923–3942, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification is the process by which the oceans are changing due to carbon dioxide emissions from human activities. Studying this process in the Arctic Ocean is essential as this ocean and its ecosystems are more vulnerable to the effects of acidification. Water chemistry measurements made in recent years show that waters in and around the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are considerably affected by this process and show dynamic conditions that might have an impact on local marine organisms.
Claudine Hauri, Cristina Schultz, Katherine Hedstrom, Seth Danielson, Brita Irving, Scott C. Doney, Raphael Dussin, Enrique N. Curchitser, David F. Hill, and Charles A. Stock
Biogeosciences, 17, 3837–3857, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3837-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3837-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ecosystem of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification and climate change. To improve our conceptual understanding of the system, we developed a new regional biogeochemical model setup for the GOA. Model output suggests that bottom water is seasonally high in CO2 between June and January. Such extensive periods of reoccurring high CO2 may be harmful to ocean acidification-sensitive organisms.
Zhengchao Wu, Qian P. Li, Zaiming Ge, Bangqin Huang, and Chunming Dong
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-243, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal hypoxia in the nearshore bottom waters frequently occurs in the Pearl River Estuary. Aerobic respiration is the ultimate cause of local hypoxia. We found an elevated level of polyunsaturated aldehydes in the bottom water outside the estuary, which promoted growth and metabolisms of special groups of particle-attached bacteria and thus contributed to oxygen depletion in hypoxic waters. Our results may be important for understanding of coastal hypoxia and their linkages to eutrophication.
Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Hanqin Tian, and Yuanzhi Yao
Biogeosciences, 17, 3779–3796, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past century, estuaries have experienced global (atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature) and regional changes (river inputs, land use), but their relative impact remains poorly known. In the Chesapeake Bay, we find that global and regional changes have worked together to enhance how much atmospheric CO2 is taken up by the estuary. The increased uptake is roughly equally due to the global and regional changes, providing crucial perspective for managers of the bay's watershed.
Sarah Z. Rosengard, Robert W. Izett, William J. Burt, Nina Schuback, and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 17, 3277–3298, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3277-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3277-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Net community production sets the maximum quantity of phytoplankton carbon available for the marine food web and longer-term storage in the deep ocean. We compared two approaches to estimate this critical variable from autonomous measurements of mixed-layer dissolved oxygen and particulate organic carbon, observing a significant discrepancy between estimates in an upwelling zone near the Oregon coast. We use this discrepancy to assess the fate of organic carbon produced in the mixed layer.
Taavi Liblik, Yijing Wu, Daidu Fan, and Dinghui Shang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2875–2895, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2875-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2875-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple factors have been accused of triggering coastal hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary. In situ observations, remote sensing and numerical simulation data were used to study dissolved oxygen depletion in the area. Oxygen distributions can be explained by wind forcing and river discharge, as well as concurrent features in surface and deep layer circulation. If summer monsoon prevails, hypoxia more likely occurs in the north while hypoxia in the south appears if the summer monsoon is weaker.
Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Elizabeth K. Robertson, Daniel J. Conley, Martijn Hermans, Christoph Humborg, L. Joëlle Kubeneck, Wytze K. Lenstra, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 17, 2745–2766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the removal of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the eutrophic Stockholm archipelago (SA). High sedimentation rates and sediment P contents lead to high P burial. Benthic denitrification is the primary nitrate-reducing pathway. Together, these mechanisms limit P and N transport to the open Baltic Sea. We expect that further nutrient load reduction will contribute to recovery of the SA from low-oxygen conditions and that the sediments will continue to remove part of the P and N loads.
Fabian Große, Katja Fennel, Haiyan Zhang, and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 17, 2701–2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the East China Sea, hypoxia occurs frequently from spring to fall due to high primary production and subsequent decomposition of organic matter. Nitrogen inputs from the Changjiang and the open ocean have been suggested to contribute to hypoxia formation. We used a numerical modelling approach to quantify the relative contributions of these nitrogen sources. We found that the Changjiang dominates, which suggests that nitrogen management in the watershed would improve oxygen conditions.
Kenta Watanabe, Goro Yoshida, Masakazu Hori, Yu Umezawa, Hirotada Moki, and Tomohiro Kuwae
Biogeosciences, 17, 2425–2440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2425-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2425-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Macroalgal beds are among the vegetated coastal ecosystems that take up atmospheric CO2. We investigated the relationships between macroalgal metabolism and inorganic and organic carbon fluxes in a temperate macroalgal bed during the productive time of year. The macroalgal metabolism formed water with low CO2 and high dissolved organic carbon concentrations that was then exported offshore. This export process potentially enhances CO2 uptake in and around macroalgal beds.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
Xi Wu, Pei-Feng Li, Hong-Hai Zhang, Mao-Xu Zhu, Chun-Ying Liu, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 17, 1991–2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1991-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1991-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Acrylic acid (AA) exhibited obvious spatial and temporal variations in the Bohai and Yellow seas. Strong biological production and abundant terrestrial inputs led to high AA in summer. Extremely high AA in sediments might result from the cleavage of intracellular DMSP and reduce bacterial metabolism. Degradation experiments of AA and DMSP proved other sources of AA and microbial consumption to be the key removal source. This study provided insightful information on the sulfur cycle these seas.
Mark J. Hopwood, Carolina Santana-González, Julian Gallego-Urrea, Nicolas Sanchez, Eric P. Achterberg, Murat V. Ardelan, Martha Gledhill, Melchor González-Dávila, Linn Hoffmann, Øystein Leiknes, Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Tatiana M. Tsagaraki, and David Turner
Biogeosciences, 17, 1327–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1327-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1327-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fe is an essential micronutrient. Fe(III)-organic species are thought to account for > 99 % of dissolved Fe in seawater. Here we quantified Fe(II) during experiments in Svalbard, Gran Canaria, and Patagonia. Fe(II) was always a measurable fraction of dissolved Fe up to 65 %. Furthermore, when Fe(II) was allowed to decay in the dark, it remained present longer than predicted by kinetic equations, suggesting that Fe(II) is a more important fraction of dissolved Fe in seawater than widely recognized.
Yan Chang, Moritz Müller, Ying Wu, Shan Jiang, Wan Wan Cao, Jian Guo Qu, Jing Ling Ren, Xiao Na Wang, En Ming Rao, Xiao Lu Wang, Aazani Mujahid, Mohd Fakharuddin Muhamad, Edwin Sien Aun Sia, Faddrine Holt Ajon Jang, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 1133–1145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1133-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1133-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for many organisms. Our knowledge of dissolved Se biogeochemical cycling in tropical estuaries is limited. We have found that dissolved organic Se (DOSe) was the major speciation in the peat-draining rivers and estuaries. The DOSe fractions may be associated with high molecular weight peatland-derived carbon compounds and may photodegrade to more bioavailable forms once transported to oligotrophic coastal water, where they may promote productivity.
Kimberlee Baldry, Vincent Saderne, Daniel C. McCorkle, James H. Churchill, Susana Agusti, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 17, 423–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon cycling of coastal ecosystems over large spatial scales is not well measured relative to the open ocean. In this study we measure the carbonate system in the three habitats, to measure ecosystem-driven changes compared to offshore waters. We find (1) 70 % of seagrass meadows and mangrove forests show large ecosystem-driven changes, and (2) mangrove forests show strong and consistent trends over large scales, while seagrass meadows display more variability.
Shin-Ah Lee, Tae-Hoon Kim, and Guebuem Kim
Biogeosciences, 17, 135–144, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We differentiate between sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) (terrestrial, marine autochthonous production, and artificial island and seawater interaction) in coastal bay waters surrounded by large cities using multiple DOM tracers, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), stable carbon isotopes, fluorescent DOM, and the DOC/DON ratio.
Meike Becker, Are Olsen, Peter Landschützer, Abdirhaman Omar, Gregor Rehder, Christian Rödenbeck, and Ingunn Skjelvan
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-480, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-480, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a simple method to refine existing open ocean maps towards different coastal seas. Using a multi linear regression we produced monthly maps of surface ocean fCO2 in the northern European coastal seas (North Sea, Baltic
Sea, Norwegian Coast and in the Barents Sea) covering a time period from 1998 to 2016. Based on this fCO2 map, we calculate trends in surface ocean fCO2, pH and the air-sea gas exchange.
Li Ma, Hua Lin, Xiabing Xie, Minhan Dai, and Yao Zhang
Biogeosciences, 16, 4765–4781, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4765-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4765-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The major microbial process producing N2O in estuarine ecosystems remains controversial. Combining the concentrations and isotopic compositions of N2O, distributions and transcript levels of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and archaeal amoA and denitrifier nirS genes, and in situ incubation estimates of nitrification rates and N2O production rates, we clarified that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria contributed the major part in N2O production in the upper Pearl River estuary despite their low abundance.
Miho Ishizu, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Tomohiko Tsunoda, and Tsuneo Ono
Biogeosciences, 16, 4747–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4747-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4747-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using water quality data collected at 289 monitoring sites as part of the Water Pollution Control Program, we evaluated the long-term trends of pH in Japanese coastal seawater at ambient temperature from 1978 to 2009. We found that the annual maximum pH, which generally represents the pH of surface waters in winter, had decreased at 75 % of the sites, but had increased at the remaining sites. The annual maximum pH decreased at an average rate of −0.0024 yr−1, with relatively large deviations.
Ye Tian, Chao Xue, Chun-Ying Liu, Gui-Peng Yang, Pei-Feng Li, Wei-Hua Feng, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 4485–4496, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4485-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitric oxide (NO) seems to be widespread, with different functions in the marine ecosystem, but we know little about it. Concentrations of NO were in a range from below the limit of detection to 616 pmol L−1 at the surface and 482 pmol L−1 at the bottom of the Bohai and Yellow seas. The study region was a source of atmospheric NO. Net NO sea-to-air fluxes were much lower than NO photoproduction rates, implying that the NO produced in the mixed layer was rapidly consumed before entering the air.
Bryce R. Van Dam, Christian Lopes, Christopher L. Osburn, and James W. Fourqurean
Biogeosciences, 16, 4411–4428, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4411-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4411-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We report on direct measurements of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) in a Florida Bay seagrass ecosystem. We found notable differences between our carbon-based NEP and similar determinations made using oxygen. Over the study period, both NEP and NEC were negative, revealing that these sites are net heterotrophic and have dissolved CaCO3. Our findings point to sediments maintaining negative NEP and NEC despite high seagrass above-ground primary production.
Elisabeth Deschaseaux, James O'Brien, Nachshon Siboni, Katherina Petrou, and Justin R. Seymour
Biogeosciences, 16, 4377–4391, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4377-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4377-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Here we report that abrupt increases in temperature–simulating marine heatwaves might have the potential to shape the physiological state and biogenic sulfur production in microalgae involved in harmful algal blooms. Changes in physiology and biochemistry seem to trigger a shift in the bacteria community associated with these microalgae. Since microalgae and associated bacteria play an important role in climate regulation, this could have serious consequences for our future ocean and climate.
Insa Rapp, Christian Schlosser, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, Bernhard Wenzel, Jan Lüdke, Jan Scholten, Beat Gasser, Patrick Reichert, Martha Gledhill, Marcus Dengler, and Eric P. Achterberg
Biogeosciences, 16, 4157–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The availability of iron (Fe) affects phytoplankton growth in large parts of the ocean. Shelf sediments, particularly in oxygen minimum zones, are a major source of Fe and other essential micronutrients, such as cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). We observed enhanced concentrations of Fe, Co, and Mn corresponding with low oxygen concentrations along the Mauritanian shelf, indicating that the projected future decrease in oxygen concentrations may result in increases in Fe, Mn, and Co concentrations.
Johnna M. Holding, Stiig Markager, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Maria L. Paulsen, Eva F. Møller, Lorenz Meire, and Mikael K. Sejr
Biogeosciences, 16, 3777–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3777-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3777-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton sustain important fisheries along the coast of Greenland. However, climate change is causing severe melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and continued melting has the potential to alter fjord ecosystems. We investigate how freshwater from the ice sheet is impacting the environment of one fjord in northeast Greenland, causing a low production of phytoplankton. This fjord may be a model for how some fjord ecosystems will be altered following increased melting and glacial retreat.
Zong-Pei Jiang, Wei-Jun Cai, John Lehrter, Baoshan Chen, Zhangxian Ouyang, Chengfeng Le, Brian J. Roberts, Najid Hussain, Michael K. Scaboo, Junxiao Zhang, and Yuanyuan Xu
Biogeosciences, 16, 3507–3525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3507-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3507-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The biological production and air–sea CO2 exchange in the surface water of the northern Gulf of Mexico during springtime were mainly controlled by the changes in the availability of light and nutrients during the river–ocean mixing process, with strong CO2 uptake occurring in the river plume regions. The slow air–sea CO2 exchange rate and buffering effect of the CO2 system may result in decoupling between biological production and CO2 flux.
Yang Li, Guisheng Song, Philippe Massicotte, Fangming Yang, Ruihuan Li, and Huixiang Xie
Biogeosciences, 16, 2751–2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2751-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2751-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We surveyed the spatial and seasonal variations and estimated the seaward export of DOM in the of Pearl River estuary (PRE), China. The concentration of DOM in this estuary decreases from land to sea but the change in its chemical character is marginal. The concentration and export of DOM are the lowest among the world's major rivers. Yet DOM delivered from the PRE is protein-rich and can be readily used by microbes, thereby exerting a potentially important impact on the local marine ecosystem.
Bennet Juhls, Pier Paul Overduin, Jens Hölemann, Martin Hieronymi, Atsushi Matsuoka, Birgit Heim, and Jürgen Fischer
Biogeosciences, 16, 2693–2713, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2693-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2693-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this article, we present the variability and characteristics of dissolved organic matter at the fluvial–marine transition in the Laptev Sea from a unique dataset collected during 11 Arctic expeditions. We develop a new relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and coloured dissolved organic matter absorption, which is used to estimate surface water DOC concentration from space. We believe that our findings help current efforts to monitor ongoing changes in the Arctic carbon cycle.
Minkyoung Kim, Eun Jin Yang, Hyung Jeek Kim, Dongseon Kim, Tae-Wan Kim, Hyoung Sul La, SangHoon Lee, and Jeomshik Hwang
Biogeosciences, 16, 2683–2691, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2683-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2683-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Unexpectedly, in sediment traps deployed in the Antarctic Amundsen Sea to catch small sinking particles in the water, large benthic invertebrates such as long and slender worms, baby sea urchins, and small scallops were found. We suggest three hypotheses: lifting of these animals by anchor ice formation and subsequent transport by ice rafting, spending their juvenile period in a habitat underneath the sea ice and subsequent falling, or their active use of the current as a means of dispersal.
Yonss Saranga José, Lothar Stramma, Sunke Schmidtko, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-155, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In situ observations along the Peruvian and Chilean coasts have exhibited variability in the water column oxygen concentration. This variability, which is attributed to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), might have implication on the vertical extension of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) oxygen minimum zone. Here using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model, we provide new insights into how ENSO variability affects the vertical extension of the oxygen-poor waters of the ETSP.
Alysia E. Herr, Ronald P. Kiene, John W. H. Dacey, and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 16, 1729–1754, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1729-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1729-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is an essential component of the global sulfur cycle and a major source of climate-influencing aerosols. We examine the drivers of DMS concentration gradients along the British Columbia shelf by comparing DMS measurements to environmental variables and biological rates. We further combine new and existing data sets to provide a new summertime DMS climatology for the northeast subarctic Pacific. Our results highlight the importance of phytoplankton taxonomy to DMS cycling.
Jens K. Ehn, Rick A. Reynolds, Dariusz Stramski, David Doxaran, Bruno Lansard, and Marcel Babin
Biogeosciences, 16, 1583–1605, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1583-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1583-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Beam attenuation at 660 nm and suspended particle matter (SPM) relationships were determined during the MALINA cruise in August 2009 to the Canadian Beaufort Sea in order to expand our knowledge of particle distributions in Arctic shelf seas. The relationship was then used to determine SPM distributions for four other expeditions to the region. SPM patterns on the shelf were explained by an interplay between wind forcing, river discharge, and melting sea ice that controls the circulation.
Widya Ratmaya, Dominique Soudant, Jordy Salmon-Monviola, Martin Plus, Nathalie Cochennec-Laureau, Evelyne Goubert, Françoise Andrieux-Loyer, Laurent Barillé, and Philippe Souchu
Biogeosciences, 16, 1361–1380, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1361-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1361-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work reports the consequences of nutrient management strategy, an example from southwestern Europe focused mainly on P reduction. Upstream rivers reveal indices of recoveries following the significant diminution of P, while eutrophication continues to increase downstream, especially when N is the limiting factor. This long-term ecosystem-scale analysis provides more arguments for a dual-nutrient (N and P) management strategy to mitigate eutrophication along the freshwater–marine continuum.
Robin Bénard, Maurice Levasseur, Michael Scarratt, Sonia Michaud, Michel Starr, Alfonso Mucci, Gustavo Ferreyra, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Martine Lizotte, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 16, 1167–1185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present rare data on the combined effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide (DMS) during a mesocosm experiment. Our results show a reduction of DMS under elevated pCO2, but warming the mesocosms by 5 °C translated into a positive offset in concentrations of DMS over the whole range of pCO2 tested. Our results suggest that warming could mitigate the expected reduction in DMS production due to OA, even increasing the net DMS production, with possible repercussions for the climate.
Saisiri Chaichana, Tim Jickells, and Martin Johnson
Biogeosciences, 16, 1073–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1073-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1073-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Organic molecules dissolved in the waters of coastal seas (DOM) are a potentially important vector for carbon transport and storage in the open ocean. DOM carbon and nitrogen concentrations from two consecutive summers in the North Sea show a strong pattern of concentrations decreasing away from land. We also observe significant differences between the years in both the DOM concentration and C : N ratios, suggesting that carbon export from shelf seas might be mediated by organic matter cycling.
Filippa Fransner, Agneta Fransson, Christoph Humborg, Erik Gustafsson, Letizia Tedesco, Robinson Hordoir, and Jonas Nycander
Biogeosciences, 16, 863–879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-863-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-863-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Although rivers carry large amounts of organic material to the oceans, little is known about what fate it meets when it reaches the sea. In this study we are investigating the fate of the carbon in this organic matter by the use of a numerical model in combination with ship measurements from the northern Baltic Sea. Our results suggests that there is substantial remineralization taking place, transforming the organic carbon into CO2, which is released to the atmosphere.
Rachel M. Horwitz, Alex E. Hay, William J. Burt, Richard A. Cheel, Joseph Salisbury, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 16, 605–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency CO2 measurements are used to quantify the daily and tidal cycles of dissolved carbon in the Bay of Fundy – home to the world's largest tides. The oscillating tidal flows drive a net carbon transport, and these results suggest that previously unaccounted for tidal variation could substantially modulate the coastal ocean's response to global ocean acidification. Evaluating the impact of rising atmospheric CO2 on coastal systems requires understanding this short-term variability.
Erik Gustafsson, Mathilde Hagens, Xiaole Sun, Daniel C. Reed, Christoph Humborg, Caroline P. Slomp, and Bo G. Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 16, 437–456, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-437-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-437-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work highlights that iron (Fe) dynamics plays a key role in the release of alkalinity from sediments, as exemplified for the Baltic Sea. It furthermore demonstrates that burial of Fe sulfides should be included in alkalinity budgets of low-oxygen basins. The sedimentary alkalinity generation may undergo large changes depending on both organic matter loads and oxygen conditions. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor can increase the CO2 storage capacity of seawater.
Neus Garcias-Bonet, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Carlos M. Duarte, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 16, 167–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-167-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-167-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the impact of warming on nitrogen fixation in three key Mediterranean macrophytes by experimentally measuring sediment nitrogen fixation rates at current and projected seawater temperature by 2100 under a scenario of moderate greenhouse gas emissions. The temperature dependence of nitrogen fixation could potentially increase rates by 37 % by the end of the century, with important consequences for primary production in coastal ecosystems.
Neus Garcias-Bonet, Marco Fusi, Muhammad Ali, Dario R. Shaw, Pascal E. Saikaly, Daniele Daffonchio, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 7333–7346, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7333-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7333-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) loads are detrimental for coastal ecosystems. We measured the balance between N losses and gains in a Red Sea seagrass. The N loss was higher than N2 fixed, pointing out the importance of seagrasses in removing N from the system. N2 losses increased with temperature. Therefore, the forecasted warming could increase the N2 flux to the atmosphere, potentially impacting seagrass productivity and their capacity to mitigate climate change but also enhancing their potential N removal.
Jørgen Bendtsen and Katherine Richardson
Biogeosciences, 15, 7315–7332, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7315-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
New production based on nutrients entering the well-lit surface layer is important for understanding marine ecosystems. Measurements of primary production and turbulence across the shelf edge in the northeastern portion of the North Sea show that new production is concentrated around the shelf-edge zone. The shelf-edge zone is, therefore, a major nutrient supplier to the productive surface layer and makes this area important for higher trophic levels such as zooplankton and fish.
Raphaël Savelli, Christine Dupuy, Laurent Barillé, Astrid Lerouxel, Katell Guizien, Anne Philippe, Pierrick Bocher, Pierre Polsenaere, and Vincent Le Fouest
Biogeosciences, 15, 7243–7271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7243-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7243-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the benthic microalgae seasonal cycle on a temperate intertidal mudflat by combining a physical–biological coupled model with remotely sensed and in situ data. While optimal light and temperature conditions lead to a spring bloom, thermo-inhibition and grazing result in a summer depression of biomass. The model ability to infer mechanisms driving the seasonal cycle could open the door to the contribution of productive intertidal biofilms to the coastal carbon cycle.
Cited articles
Aksnesa, D. L. and Ohman, M. D.: Multi-decadal shoaling of the euphotic zone
in
the southern sector of the California Current System, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 54, 1272–1281, 2009. a
Azetsu-Scott, K., Clarke, A., Falkner, K., Hamilton, J., Jones, E. P., Lee,
C.,
Petrie, B., Prinsenberg, S., Starr, M., and Yeats, P.: Calcium carbonate
saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the
Labrador Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 115, C11021,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005917, 2010. a
Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R.,
Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U.,
Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R.,
Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L.,
Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A.,
Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, M.,
Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E.
M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A.,
Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis,
J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono,
T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos, A. F., Sabine, C. L.,
Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R.,
Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki,
T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., van Heuven, S.
M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and
Watson, A. J.: An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT
version 2), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 69–90,
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, 2014. a
Bakun, A.: Global climate change and intensification of coastal ocean
upwelling, Science, 247, 198–201, 1990. a
Barrón, C. and Duarte, C. M.: Dissolved organic carbon pools and export
from the coastal ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1725–1738, 2015. a
Barth, J. A., Cowles, T. J., Kosro, P. M., Shearman, R. K., Huyer, A., and
Smith, R. L.: Injection of carbon from the shelf to offshore beneath the
euphotic zone in the California Current, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 107, C63057, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jc000956, 2002. a
Barton, A., Hales, B., Waldbusser, G. G., Langdon, C., and Feely, R. A.: The
Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally
elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean
acidification effects, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 698–710, 2012. a
Barton, A., Waldbusser, G. G., Feely, R. A., Weisberg, S. B., Newton, J. A.,
Hales, B., Cudd, S., Eudeline, B., Langdon, C. J., Jefferds, I., King, T., Suhrbier, A., and McLauglin, K.:
Impacts of coastal acidification on the Pacific Northwest shellfish industry
and adaptation strategies implemented in response, Oceanography, 28,
146–159, 2015. a
Bates, N. R. and Mathis, J. T.: The Arctic Ocean marine carbon cycle:
evaluation of air-sea CO2 exchanges, ocean acidification impacts and
potential feedbacks, Biogeosciences, 6, 2433–2459,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2433-2009, 2009. a
Bates, N. R.: Air-sea CO2 fluxes and the continental shelf pump of
carbon in
the Chukchi Sea adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys.
Res.-Ocean., 111, C10013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jc003083, 2006. a
Bednaršek, N., Feely, R., Reum, J., Peterson, B., Menkel, J., Alin, S.,
and Hales, B.: Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of
declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California
Current Ecosystem, P. R. Soc. B, 281, 20140123, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0123, 2014. a
Bednaršek, N., Harvey, C. J., Kaplan, I. C., Feely, R. A., and
Možina, J.: Pteropods on the edge: Cumulative effects of ocean
acidification, warming, and deoxygenation, Prog. Oceanogr., 145,
1–24, 2016. a
Bednaršek, N., Feely, R., Tolimieri, N., Hermann, A., Siedlecki, S.,
Waldbusser, G., McElhany, P., Alin, S., Klinger, T., Moore-Maley, B., and Pörtner, H. O.:
Exposure history determines pteropod vulnerability to ocean acidification
along the US West Coast, Sci. Rep., 7, 4526, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03934-z, 2017. a
Benway, H. M. and Coble, P. G.: Report of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Carbon
Cycle
Synthesis Workshop, 27–28 March 2013, Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
Program and North American Carbon Program, 2014. a
Benway, H. M., Alin, S. R., Boyer, E., Cai, W.-J., Coble, P. G., Cross,
J. N.,
Friedrichs, M. A., Goni, M., Griffith, P., Herrmann, M., Lohrenz, S., Mathis, J., McKinley, G., Najjar, R., Pilskaln, C., Siedlecki, S., and Smith, R. L.: A science
plan for carbon cycle research in North American coastal waters. Report of
the Coastal CARbon Synthesis (CCARS) community workshop, 19–21 August 2014,
2016. a
Birdsey, R., Mayes, M., Romero-Lankao, P., Najjar, R., Reed, S., Cavallaro,
N.,
Shrestha, G., Hayes, D., Lorenzoni, L., Marsh, A., Tedesco, K., Wirth, T.,
and Zhu, Z.: Executive Summary, in: Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report
(SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report, edited by: Cavallaro, N., Shrestha,
G., Birdsey, R., Mayes, M. A., Najjar, R. G., Reed, S. C., Romero-Lankao, P.,
and Zhu, Z., US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC,
USA, 21–40, 2018. a
Butman, D., Striegl, R., Stackpoole, S., del Giorgio, P., Prairie, Y.,
Pilcher,
D., Raymond, P., Paz Pellat, F., and Alcocer, J.: Chapter 14: Inland waters,
in: Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment
Report, edited by: Cavallaro, N., Shrestha, G., Birdsey, R., Mayes, M. A.,
Najjar, R. G., Reed, S. C., Romero-Lankao, P., and Zhu, Z.,
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 568–595, 2018. a
Butterworth, B. J. and Miller, S. D.: Air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in
the
Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
43, 7223–7230, 2016. a
Cahill, B., Wilkin, J., Fennel, K., Vandemark, D., and Friedrichs, M. A.:
Interannual and seasonal variabilities in air-sea CO2 fluxes along the US
eastern continental shelf and their sensitivity to increasing air
temperatures and variable winds, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 121, 295–311, 2016. a, b, c, d, e, f
Cai, W.-J.: Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO2 sinks or
sites
of terrestrial carbon incineration?, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3,
123–145, 2011. a
Cai, W.-J. and Wang, Y.: The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide
in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 657–668, 1998. a
Cai, W.-J., Wang, Z. A., and Wang, Y.: The role of marsh-dominated
heterotrophic continental margins in transport of CO2 between the
atmosphere, the land-sea interface and the ocean, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 30, 1849, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017633, 2003. a
Cai, W.-J., Chen, L., Chen, B., Gao, Z., Lee, S. H., Chen, J., Pierrot, D.,
Sullivan, K., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Huang, W. J., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Murata, A., Grebmeier, J. M., Jones, E. P., and Zhang, H.: Decrease in the CO2 uptake
capacity in an ice-free Arctic Ocean basin, Science, 329, 556–559,
2010a. a, b
Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Jiang, L.-Q., Wang, Y., Peng, T.-H., and
Zhang, X.: Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean
margins, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 115, C08014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jc005482, 2010b. a
Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Murrell, M. C., Lehrter, J. C., Lohrenz,
S. E., Chou, W.-C., Zhai, W., Hollibaugh, J. T., Wang, Y., Zhao, P., Guo, X., Gundersen, K., Dai, M., and Gong, G.-C.:
Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication, Nat.
Geosci., 4, 766–770, 2011. a, b, c
Cai, W.-J., Bates, N. R., Guo, L., Anderson, L. G., Mathis, J. T.,
Wanninkhof,
R., Hansell, D. A., Chen, L., and Semiletov, I. P.: Carbon fluxes across
boundaries in the Pacific Arctic region in a changing environment, in: The
Pacific Arctic Region, Springer, 199–222, 2014. a
Caldeira, K. and Wicke, M. E.: Oceanography: Anthropogenic carbon and Ocean
pH, Nature, 425, p. 365, https://doi.org/10.1038/425365a, 2003. a
Canadell, J. G., Le Quéré, C., Raupach, M. R., Field, C. B.,
Buitenhuis, E. T., Ciais, P., Conway, T. J., Gillett, N. P., Houghton, R.,
and Marland, G.: Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from
economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 18866–18870, 2007. a
Canals, M., Puig, P., de Madron, X. D., Heussner, S., Palanques, A., and
Fabres, J.: Flushing submarine canyons, Nature, 444, 354–357, 2006. a
Carmack, E., Barber, D., Christensen, J., Macdonald, R., Rudels, B., and
Sakshaug, E.: Climate variability and physical forcing of the food webs and
the carbon budget on Panarctic shelves, Prog. Oceanogr., 71,
145–181, 2006. a
Carmack, E., Winsor, P., and Williams, W.: The contiguous Panarctic riverine
coastal domain: A unifying concept, Prog. Oceanogr., 139, 13–23,
2015. a
Chavez, F., Takahashi, P. T., Cai, W. J., Friederich, G. E., Hales, B.,
Wanninkhof, R., and Feely, R. A.: Coastal oceans, in: First State of the
Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and
Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change
Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, edited by:
King, A., Dilling, W. L., Zimmerman, G. P., Fairman, D. M., Houghton, R. A.,
Marland, G., Rose, A. Z., and Wilbanks, T., chap. 15, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, 157–166, 2007. a
Chavez, F. P., Messié, M., and Pennington, J. T.: Marine primary
production
in relation to climate variability and change, Ann. Rev. Mar.
Sci., 3, 227–260, 2011. a
Chavez, F. P., Pennington, J. T., Michisaki, R. P., Blum, M., Chavez, G. M.,
Friederich, J., Jones, B., Herlien, R., Kieft, B., Hobson, B., Ren, A. S., Ryan, J., Sevadjian, J. C., Wahl, C., Walz, K. R., Yamahara, K., Friederich, G. E., and Messié, M.:
Climate variability and change: Response of a coastal ocean ecosystem,
Oceanography, 30, 128–145, 2017. a, b, c, d
Chelton, D. B., Freilich, M. H., and Esbensen, S. K.: Satellite observations
of
the wind jets off the Pacific coast of Central America. Part I: Case studies
and statistical characteristics, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 1993–2018,
2000a. a
Chelton, D. B., Freilich, M. H., and Esbensen, S. K.: Satellite observations
of
the wind jets off the Pacific coast of Central America. Part II: Regional
relationships and dynamical considerations, Mon. Weather Rev., 128,
2019–2043, 2000b. a
Chen, C. T. A.: Exchange of carbon in the coastal seas, in: The global carbon
cycle: integrating humans, climate, and the natural world, edited by: Field,
C. B. and Raupach, M. R., vol. 62, SCOPE, Washington, DC, 341–351, 2004. a
Coronado-Álvarez, L. d. L. A., Álvarez-Borrego, S., Lara-Lara, J. R.,
Solana-Arellano, E., Hernández-Ayón, J. M., and Zirino, A.: Temporal
variations of water pCO2 and the air-water CO2 flux at a coastal
location in the southern California Current System: diurnal to interannual
scales, Cienc. Mar., 43, 137–156, 2017. a
Crabeck, O., Delille, B., Thomas, D., Geilfus, N.-X., Rysgaard, S., and
Tison, J.-L.: CO2 and CH4 in sea ice from a subarctic fjord
under influence of riverine input, Biogeosciences, 11, 6525–6538,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6525-2014, 2014. a
Crawford, W. R. and Peña, M. A.: Decadal trends in oxygen concentration
in
subsurface waters of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Ocean, 54,
171–192, 2016. a
Cross, J., Mathis, J., Monacci, N., Musielewicz, S., Maenner, S., and
Osborne,
J.: High-resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-series Measurements
from Mooring M2_164W_57N, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_M2_164W_57N,
2014a. a
Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Frey, K. E., Cosca, C. E., Danielson, S. L.,
Bates, N. R., Feely, R. A., Takahashi, T., and Evans, W.: Annual sea-air
CO2 fluxes in the Bering Sea: Insights from new autumn and winter
observations of a seasonally ice-covered continental shelf, J.
Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 119, 6693–6708, 2014b. a, b
Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J.,
Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N.: Calcium
carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, L08501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033540, 2008. a
Else, B. G., Papakyriakou, T. N., Granskog, M. A., and Yackel, J. J.:
Observations of sea surface fCO2 distributions and estimated air-sea
CO2 fluxes in the Hudson Bay region (Canada) during the open water season,
J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 113, C08026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004389,
2008. a, b
Evans, W., Hales, B., and Strutton, P. G.: Seasonal cycle of surface ocean
pCO2 on the Oregon shelf, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 116,
C05012,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006625, 2011. a, b
Evans, W., Mathis, J. T., Cross, J. N., Bates, N. R., Frey, K. E., Else,
B. G.,
Papkyriakou, T. N., DeGrandpre, M. D., Islam, F., Cai, W.-J., Chen, B., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Carmack, E., Williams, W. J., and Takahashi, T.: Sea-air
CO2 exchange in the western Arctic coastal ocean, Global
Biogeochem.
Cy., 29, 1190–1209, 2015b. a, b, c, d, e
Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., and Orr, J. C.: Impacts of ocean
acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes, ICES J. Mar.
Sci., 65, 414–432, 2008. a
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry,
V. J.,
and Millero, F. J.: Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in
the oceans, Science, 305, 362–366, 2004. a
Feely, R. A., Alin, S. R., Carter, B., Bednaršek, N., Hales, B., Chan,
F., Hill, T. M., Gaylord, B., Sanford, E., Byrne, R. H., Sabine, C. L., Greeley, D., and Juranek, L.: Chemical and
biological impacts of ocean acidification along the west coast of North
America, Estuarine, Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 260–270, 2016. a, b, c
Feely, R. A., Okazaki, R. R., Cai, W.-J., Bednaršek, N., Alin, S. R.,
Byrne, R. H., and Fassbender, A.: The combined effects of acidification and
hypoxia on pH and aragonite saturation in the coastal waters of the
California current ecosystem and the northern Gulf of Mexico, Cont.
Shelf Res., 152, 50–60, 2018. a, b, c
Fennel, K.: The role of continental shelves in nitrogen and carbon cycling:
Northwestern North Atlantic case study, Ocean Sci., 6, 539–548,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-539-2010, 2010. a, b
Fennel, K. and Wilkin, J.: Quantifying biological carbon export for the
northwest North Atlantic continental shelves, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
36, L18605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl039818, 2009. a, b
Fennel, K., Wilkin, J., Previdi, M., and Najjar, R.: Denitrification effects
on
air-sea CO2 flux in the coastal ocean: Simulations for the northwest North
Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24608, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036147, 2008. a, b, c
Franco, A. C., Hernández-Ayón, J. M., Beier, E., Garçon, V.,
Maske, H., Paulmier, A., Färber-Lorda, J., Castro, R., and
Sosa-Ávalos, R.: Air-sea CO2 fluxes above the stratified oxygen
minimum zone in the coastal region off Mexico, J. Geophys.
Res.-Ocean., 119, 2923–2937, 2014. a
Friederich, G., Walz, P., Burczynski, M., and Chavez, F.: Inorganic carbon in
the central California upwelling system during the 1997–1999 El Niño–La
Niña event, Prog. Oceanogr., 54, 185–203, 2002. a
Gao, Z., Chen, L., Sun, H., Chen, B., and Cai, W.-J.: Distributions and
air-sea
fluxes of carbon dioxide in the Western Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.
II, 81, 46–52, 2012. a
García-Reyes, M., Sydeman, W. J., Schoeman, D. S., Rykaczewski, R. R.,
Black, B. A., Smit, A. J., and Bograd, S. J.: Under pressure: Climate change,
upwelling, and eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems, Front. Mar.
Sci., 2, 109, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00109, 2015. a, b
Gattuso, J.-P. and Hansson, L.: Ocean acidification, Oxford Univ. Press,
Oxford, 2011. a
Gattuso, J.-P., Frankignoulle, M., and Wollast, R.: Carbon and carbonate
metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems, Ann. Rev. Ecol.
Syst., 29, 405–434, 1998. a
Gaxiola-Castro, G. and Muller-Karger, F.: Seasonal phytoplankton pigment
variability in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean as determined by CZCS
imagery, Remote Sensing of the Pacific Ocean by Satellite, 71–227, 1998. a
Hales, B., Takahashi, T., and Bandstra, L.: Atmospheric CO2 uptake by
a
coastal upwelling system, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB1009,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002295, 2005. a, b
Hales, B., Karp-Boss, L., Perlin, A., and Wheeler, P. A.: Oxygen production
and
carbon sequestration in an upwelling coastal margin, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 20, GB3001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gb002517, 2006. a, b
Hales, B., Cai, W.-J., Mitchell, B. G., Sabine, C. L., and Schofield, O.:
North
American continental margins: A synthesis and planning workshop, Report of
the North American continental margins working group for the US carbon cycle
scientific steering group and interagency working group, US Carbon Cycle
Science Program, Washington, DC, 2008. a, b
Harris, K. E., DeGrandpre, M. D., and Hales, B.: Aragonite saturation state
dynamics in a coastal upwelling zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
2720–2725, 2013. a
Hautala, S. L., Solomon, E. A., Johnson, H. P., Harris, R. N., and Miller,
U. K.: Dissociation of Cascadia margin gas hydrates in response to
contemporary ocean warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8486–8494,
2014. a
Herrmann, M., Najjar, R. G., Kemp, W. M., Alexander, R. B., Boyer, E. W.,
Cai,
W.-J., Griffith, P. C., Kroeger, K. D., McCallister, S. L., and Smith, R. A.:
Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of US East Coast
estuaries: A synthesis approach, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 96–111,
2015. a
Ho, D. T., Wanninkhof, R., Schlosser, P., Ullman, D. S., Hebert, D., and
Sullivan, K. F.: Toward a universal relationship between wind speed and gas
exchange: Gas transfer velocities measured with 3He∕SF6 during the
Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 116, C00F04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006854, 2011. a
Ho, D. T., Ferrón, S., Engel, V. C., Anderson, W. T., Swart, P. K.,
Price, R. M., and Barbero, L.: Dissolved carbon biogeochemistry and export in
mangrove-dominated rivers of the Florida Everglades, Biogeosciences, 14,
2543–2559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2543-2017, 2017. a
Huyer, A.: Coastal upwelling in the California Current system, Prog.
Oceanogr., 12, 259–284, 1983. a
Ianson, D. and Allen, S. E.: A two-dimensional nitrogen and carbon flux model
in a coastal upwelling region, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1011,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001451, 2002. a, b
IPCC: Workshop Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Workshop
on Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biology and Ecosystems, in: IPCC
Working Group II Technical Support Unit, edited by: Field, C. B., Barros, V.,
Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Mach, K. J., Plattner, G.-K., Mastrandrea, M. D.,
Tignor, M., and Eb, K. L., Carnegie Institution, Stanford, p. 164, 2011. a
Izett, J. G. and Fennel, K.: Estimating the Cross-Shelf Export of Riverine
Materials: Part 1. General Relationships From an Idealized Numerical Model,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 160–175, 2018a. a
Izett, J. G. and Fennel, K.: Estimating the Cross-Shelf Export of Riverine
Materials: Part 2. Estimates of Global Freshwater and Nutrient Export, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 176–186, 2018b. a
Jacox, M. G., Bograd, S. J., Hazen, E. L., and Fiechter, J.: Sensitivity of
the
California Current nutrient supply to wind, heat, and remote ocean forcing,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5950–5957, 2015. a
Jiang, L.-Q., Cai, W.-J., Wanninkhof, R., Wang, Y., and Lüger, H.:
Air-sea
CO2 fluxes on the US South Atlantic Bight: Spatial and seasonal
variability, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 113, C07019,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004366, 2008. a, b, c
Jiang, L.-Q., Cai, W.-J., Wang, Y., and Bauer, J. E.: Influence of
terrestrial inputs on continental shelf carbon dioxide, Biogeosciences, 10,
839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-839-2013, 2013. a
Johnson, H. P., Miller, U. K., Salmi, M. S., and Solomon, E. A.: Analysis of
bubble plume distributions to evaluate methane hydrate decomposition on the
continental slope, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 16, 3825–3839,
2015. a
King, A., Dilling, W. L., Zimmerman, G. P., Fairman, D. M., Houghton, R. A.,
Marland, G., Rose, A. Z., and Wilbanks, T. J.: First State of the Carbon
Cycle Report (SOCCR): e North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the
Global Carbon Cycle. A Report by the US Climate Change Science Program and
the Subcommitee on Global Change Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA, 157–166,
2007. a
Kuzyk, Z. Z. A., Macdonald, R. W., Johannessen, S. C., Gobeil, C., and Stern,
G. A.: Towards a sediment and organic carbon budget for Hudson Bay, Mar.
Geol., 264, 190–208, 2009. a
Laruelle, G. G., Dürr, H. H., Lauerwald, R., Hartmann, J., Slomp, C. P.,
Goossens, N., and Regnier, P. A. G.: Global multi-scale segmentation of
continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental
margins, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2029–2051,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2029-2013, 2013. a
Laruelle, G. G., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Gruber, N., Mackenzie, F. T., and
Regnier,
P.: Continental shelves as a variable but increasing global sink for
atmospheric carbon dioxide, Nat. Commun., 9, 454, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02738-z,
2018. a, b, c, d
Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Sitch,
S., Korsbakken, J. I., Friedlingstein, P., Peters, G. P., Andres, R. J.,
Boden, T. A., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Keeling, R. F., Tans, P.,
Arneth, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Bopp, L., Chang, J., Chevallier,
F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Fader, M., Feely, R. A., Gkritzalis, T., Harris,
I., Hauck, J., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Klein
Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre,
N., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Munro, D. R., Murata,
A., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Olsen, A., Ono,
T., Pérez, F. F., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G.,
Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian,
R., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook,
B., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., van Heuven, S.,
Vandemark, D., Viovy, N., Wiltshire, A., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N.: Global
Carbon Budget 2015, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 349–396,
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015, 2015. a
Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Pongratz,
J., Manning, A. C., Korsbakken, J. I., Peters, G. P., Canadell, J. G.,
Jackson, R. B., Boden, T. A., Tans, P. P., Andrews, O. D., Arora, V. K.,
Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Becker, M., Betts, R. A., Bopp, L.,
Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Cosca, C. E., Cross, J., Currie, K.,
Gasser, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Haverd, V., Houghton, R. A., Hunt, C. W.,
Hurtt, G., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Kautz, M., Keeling, R. F.,
Klein Goldewijk, K., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre,
N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Lima, I., Lombardozzi, D., Metzl, N., Millero,
F., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I.,
Nojiri, Y., Padin, X. A., Peregon, A., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B.,
Rehder, G., Reimer, J., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian,
R., Skjelvan, I., Stocker, B. D., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F. N.,
van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., van Heuven, S., Viovy, N.,
Vuichard, N., Walker, A. P., Watson, A. J., Wiltshire, A. J., Zaehle, S., and
Zhu, D.: Global Carbon Budget 2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 405–448,
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, 2018. a
Lee, T. N., Yoder, J. A., and Atkinson, L. P.: Gulf Stream frontal eddy
influence on productivity of the southeast US continental shelf, J.
Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 96, 22191–22205, 1991. a
Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R., and Talaue-McManus, L.: Carbon
and
nutrient fluxes in continental margins: A global synthesis, Springer Science
& Business Media, 2010. a
Loder, J. W.: The coastal ocean off northeastern North America: A large-scale
view, in: The Sea, edited by: Robinson, A. R. and Brink, K. H., vol. 11,
chap. 15, Wiley, 105–138, 1998. a
Lohrenz, S. and Verity, P.: Regional oceanography: Southeastern United States
and Gulf of Mexico, in: Interdisciplinary Regional Studies and Syntheses,
edited by: Robinson, A. R. and Brink, K. H., vol. 14, New York,
Wiley & Sons, 169–224, 2004. a
Mannino, A., Signorini, S. R., Novak, M. G., Wilkin, J., Friedrichs, M. A.,
and
Najjar, R. G.: Dissolved organic carbon fluxes in the Middle Atlantic Bight:
An integrated approach based on satellite data and ocean model products,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 121, 312–336, 2016. a
Mathis, J., Sutton, A., Sabine, C., Musielewicz, S., and Maenner, S.:
High-resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-series Measurements from
Mooring WA_125W_47N, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_WA_125W_47N,
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Moorings/WA_125W_47N/ (last
access: 1 May 2018),
2013. a
McNeil, B. I. and Matear, R. J.: The non-steady state oceanic CO2
signal: its importance, magnitude and a novel way to detect it,
Biogeosciences, 10, 2219–2228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2219-2013,
2013. a
Miller, L. A., Macdonald, R. W., McLaughlin, F., Mucci, A., Yamamoto-Kawai,
M.,
Giesbrecht, K. E., and Williams, W. J.: Changes in the marine carbonate
system of the western Arctic: Patterns in a rescued data set, Pol. Res.,
33, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v33.20577, 2014. a, b
Moore, S. E. and Stabeno, P. J.: Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) in
marine
ecosystems of the Pacific Arctic, Prog. Oceanogr., 136, 1–11, 2015. a
Moreau, S., Vancoppenolle, M., Delille, B., Tison, J.-L., Zhou, J.,
Kotovitch,
M., Thomas, D. N., Geilfus, N.-X., and Goosse, H.: Drivers of inorganic
carbon dynamics in first-year sea ice: A model study, J. Geophys.
Res.-Ocean., 120, 471–495, 2015. a
Moreau, S., Vancoppenolle, M., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Madec, G., Delille, B.,
Tison, J.-L., Barriat, P.-Y., and Goosse, H.: Assessment of the sea-ice
carbon pump: Insights from a three-dimensional ocean-sea-ice biogeochemical
model (NEMO-LIM-PISCES), Elementa: Science of the anthropocene, 4, 000122, https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000122,
2016. a
Mucci, A., Lansard, B., Miller, L. A., and Papakyriakou, T. N.: CO2
fluxes
across the air-sea interface in the southeastern Beaufort Sea: Ice-free
period, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 115, C04003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jc005330, 2010. a
Muller-Karger, F. E., Varela, R., Thunell, R., Luerssen, R., Hu, C., and
Walsh,
J. J.: The importance of continental margins in the global carbon cycle,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl021346, 2005. a, b
Najjar, R., Friedrichs, M., and Cai, W.: Report of The US East Coast carbon
cycle synthesis workshop, 19–20 January 2012, 2012. a
Najjar, R. G., Herrmann, M., Alexander, R., Boyer, E. W., Burdige, D. J.,
Butman, D., Cai, W.-J., Canuel, E. A., Chen, R. F., Friedrichs, M. A. M.,
Feagin, R. A., Griffith, P. C., Hinson, L. A., Holmquist, J. R., Hu, X.,
Kemp, W. M., Kroeger, K. D., Mannino, A., McCallister, S. L., McGillis,
W. R., Mulholland, M. R., Pilskaln, C. H., Salisbury, J., Signorini, S. R.,
St-Laurent, P., Tian, H., Tzortziou, M., Vlahos, P., Wang, Z. A., and
Zimmerman, R. C.: Carbon budget of tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf
waters of Eastern North America, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 389–416,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005790, 2018. a, b, c, d
Orr, J. C., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A.,
Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Key, R. M., Lindsay, K.,
Maier-Reimer, E., Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R. G.,
Planer, G. K., Rodgers, K. B., Sabine, C. L., Sarmiento, J. L., Schlitzer,
R., Slater, R. D., Toerdell, I. J., Weirig, M. F., Yamanaka, Y., and Yool,
A.: Anthropogenic
ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on
calcifying organisms, Nature, 437, 681–686, 2005. a, b
Pennington, J. T., Friedrich, G. E., Castro, C. G., Collins, C. A., Evans,
W. W., , and Chavez, F. P.: The northern and central California upwelling
coastal upwelling system, in: Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental
Margins: A Global Synthesis, edited by: Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L.,
Quiñones, R. A., and Talaue-McManus, L., Springer, 29–43, 2010. a
Peterson, J. O., Morgan, C. A., Peterson, W. T., and Di Lorenzo, E.: Seasonal
and interannual variation in the extent of hypoxia in the northern California
Current from 1998–2012, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 2279–2292, 2013. a
Previdi, M., Fennel, K., Wilkin, J., and Haidvogel, D.: Interannual
variability
in atmospheric CO2 uptake on the northeast US continental shelf, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 114, GB04003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jg000881,
2009. a, b, c
Regnier, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Mackenzie, F. T., Gruber, N.,
Janssens, I. A., Laruelle, G. G., Lauerwald, R., Luyssaert, S., Andersson,
A. J., Arndt, S., Arnosti, C., Borges, A. V., Dale, A. W., Gallego-Sala, A.,
Goddéris, Y., Goossens, N., Hartmann, J., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Joos, F. D.,
LaRowe, E., Leifeld, J., Meysman, F. J. R., Munhoven, G., Raymond, P. A.,
Spahni, R., Suntharalingam, P., and Thullner, M.: Anthropogenic perturbation
of the carbon fluxes from land to
ocean, Nat. Geosci., 6, 597–607, 2013. a, b, c
Reimer, J. J., Cai, W.-J., Xue, L., Vargas, R., Noakes, S., Hu, X.,
Signorini,
S. R., Mathis, J. T., Feely, R. A., Sutton, A. J., Sabine, C., Musielewicz,
S., Chen, B., and Wanninkhof, R.: Time series pCO2 at a coastal mooring:
Internal consistency, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability,
Cont. Shelf Res., 145, 95–108, 2017. a, b
Rivas, D., Badan, A., and Ochoa, J.: The ventilation of the deep Gulf of
Mexico, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 1763–1781, 2005. a
Robbins, L., Daly, K., Barbero, L., Wanninkhof, R., He, R., Zong, H., Lisle,
J., Cai, W.-J., and Smith, C.: Spatial and temporal variability of pCO2,
carbon fluxes and saturation state on the West Florida Shelf, J.
Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 123, 6174–6188, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014195, 2018. a
Robbins, L. L., Wanninkhof, R., Barbero, L., Hu, X., Mitra, S., Yvon-Lewis,
S.,
Cai, W.-J., Huang, W.-J., and Ryerson, T.: Air-sea exchange, in: Report of
the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Carbon Cycle Synthesis Workshop, March 27–28, 2013,
edited by: Benway, H. M. and Coble, P. G., Ocean Carbon and
Biogeochemistry Program and North American Carbon Program, 17–23, 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f
Rutherford, K. and Fennel, K.: Diagnosing transit times on the northwestern
North Atlantic continental shelf, Ocean Sci., 14, 1207–1221,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018, 2018. a, b, c
Rysgaard, S., Glud, R. N., Sejr, M., Bendtsen, J., and Christensen, P.:
Inorganic carbon transport during sea ice growth and decay: A carbon pump in
polar seas, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 112, C03016,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003572, 2007. a
Rysgaard, S., Bendtsen, J., Pedersen, L. T., Ramløv, H., and Glud, R. N.:
Increased CO2 uptake due to sea ice growth and decay in the Nordic Seas,
J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 114, C09011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jc005088,
2009. a
Rysgaard, S., Søgaard, D. H., Cooper, M., Pucko, M., Lennert, K.,
Papakyriakou, T. N., Wang, F., Geilfus, N. X., Glud, R. N., Ehn, J.,
McGinnis, D. F., Attard, K., Sievers, J., Deming, J. W., and Barber, D.:
Ikaite crystal distribution in winter sea ice and implications for
CO2 system dynamics, The Cryosphere, 7, 707–718,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-707-2013, 2013. a, b
Sabine, C. L. and Tanhua, T.: Estimation of anthropogenic CO2
inventories in
the ocean, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2, 175–198, 2010. a
Salisbury, J. E., Vandemark, D., Hunt, C. W., Campbell, J. W., McGillis,
W. R.,
and McDowell, W. H.: Seasonal observations of surface waters in two Gulf of
Maine estuary-plume systems: Relationships between watershed attributes,
optical measurements and surface pCO2, Estuar. Coast. Shelf
Sci., 77, 245–252, 2008. a, b
Shadwick, E. H., Thomas, H., Comeau, A., Craig, S. E., Hunt, C. W., and
Salisbury, J. E.: Air-Sea CO2 fluxes on the Scotian Shelf: seasonal
to multi-annual variability, Biogeosciences, 7, 3851–3867,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3851-2010, 2010. a, b, c
Shadwick, E. H., Thomas, H., Chierici, M., Else, B., Fransson, A., Michel,
C.,
Miller, L., Mucci, A., Niemi, A., Papakyriakou, T., and Tremblay, J. É.: Seasonal
variability of the inorganic carbon system in the Amundsen Gulf region of the
southeastern Beaufort Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 303–322, 2011. a
Shakhova, N., Semiletov, I., Sergienko, V., Lobkovsky, L., Yusupov, V.,
Salyuk,
A., Salomatin, A., Chernykh, D., Kosmach, D., Panteleev, G., Nicolsky, D., Samarkin, V., Joye, S., Charkin, A., Dudarev, O., Meluzov, A., and Gustafsson, O.: The East
Siberian Arctic Shelf: Towards further assessment of permafrost-related
methane fluxes and role of sea ice, Philos. T. Roy.
Soc. A, 373, 20140451, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0451, 2015. a
Solomon, E. A., Kastner, M., MacDonald, I. R., and Leifer, I.: Considerable
methane fluxes to the atmosphere from hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of
Mexico, Nat. Geosci., 2, 561–565, 2009. a
Somero, G. N., Beers, J. M., Chan, F., Hill, T. M., Klinger, T., and Litvin,
S. Y.: What changes in the carbonate system, oxygen, and temperature portend
for the northeastern Pacific Ocean: A physiological perspective, BioScience,
66, 14–26, 2015. a
Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Frölicher, T. L., Plattner, G.-K., and Doney,
S. C.: Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR
global coupled carbon cycle-climate model, Biogeosciences, 6, 515–533,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-515-2009, 2009. a, b
Stroeve, J. C., Serreze, M. C., Holland, M. M., Kay, J. E., Malanik, J., and
Barrett, A. P.: The Arctic's rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: A research
synthesis, Climatic Change, 110, 1005–1027, 2012. a
Sutton, A., Sabine, C., Cai, W.-J., Noakes, S., Musielewicz, S., Maenner, S.,
Dietrich, C., Bott, R., and Osborne, J.: High-resolution Ocean and Atmosphere
pCO2 Time-series Measurements from Mooring GraysRf_81W_31N,
https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_GRAYSRF_81W_31N, 2011. a
Sutton, A., Sabine, C., Send, U., Ohman, M., Musielewicz, S., Maenner, S.,
Bott, R., and Osborne, J.: High-resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2
Time-series Measurements from Mooring CCE2_121W_34N (NODC Accession
0084099), Version 4.4, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_CCE2_121W_34N, 2012. a
Sutton, A., Sabine, C., Salisbury, J., Vandemark, D., Musielewicz, S.,
Maenner,
S., Bott, R., and Osborne, J.: High-resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2
Time-series Measurements from Mooring NH_70W_43N,
https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_NH_70W_43N, 2013. a
Sutton, A. J., Sabine, C. L., Feely, R. A., Cai, W.-J., Cronin, M. F.,
McPhaden, M. J., Morell, J. M., Newton, J. A., Noh, J.-H.,
ÓlafsdÓttir, S. R., Salisbury, J. E., Send, U., Vandemark, D. C., and
Weller, R. A.: Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic
change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds,
Biogeosciences, 13, 5065–5083, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016,
2016. a, b, c
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A.,
Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson,
A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii,
M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., Körtzinger, A., Steinho, T., Hoppema, M.,
Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A.,
Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W.:
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net
sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56,
554–577, 2009. a
Tsunogai, S., Watanabe, S., and Sato, T.: Is there a ”continental shelf
pump”
for the absorption of atmospheric CO2?, Tellus B, 51, 701–712, 1999. a
Turi, G., Lachkar, Z., Gruber, N., and Münnich, M.: Climatic modulation
of
recent trends in ocean acidification in the California Current System,
Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 014007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014007, 2016. a, b, c
Turk, D., Bedard, J., Burt, W., Vagle, S., Thomas, H., Azetsu-Scott, K.,
McGillis, W., Iverson, S., and Wallace, D.: Inorganic carbon in a high
latitude estuary-fjord system in Canada's eastern Arctic, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 178, 137–147, 2016. a
Vandemark, D., Salisbury, J., Hunt, C., Shellito, S., Irish, J., McGillis,
W.,
Sabine, C., and Maenner, S.: Temporal and spatial dynamics of CO2 air-sea
flux in the Gulf of Maine, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 116, C01012,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006408, 2011. a, b, c
Vlahos, P., Chen, R. F., and Repeta, D. J.: Dissolved organic carbon in the
Mid-Atlantic Bight, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 4369–4385, 2002. a
Waldbusser, G. G., Hales, B., Langdon, C. J., Haley, B. A., Schrader, P.,
Brunner, E. L., Gray, M. W., Miller, C. A., and Gimenez, I.: Saturation-state
sensitivity of marine bivalve larvae to ocean acidification, Nat. Clim.
Change, 5, 273–280, 2015. a
Walker Brown, C., Boutin, J., and Merlivat, L.: New insights into
fCO2 variability in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean using
SMOS SSS, Biogeosciences, 12, 7315–7329,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7315-2015, 2015. a
Wang, Z. A., Wanninkhof, R., Cai, W.-J., Byrne, R. H., Hu, X., Peng, T.-H.,
and
Huang, W.-J.: The marine inorganic carbon system along the Gulf of Mexico and
Atlantic coasts of the United States: Insights from a transregional coastal
carbon study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 325–342, 2013. a, b, c, d, e, f
Wang, Z. A., Lawson, G. L., Pilskaln, C. H., and Maas, A. E.: Seasonal
controls
of aragonite saturation states in the Gulf of Maine, J. Geophys.
Res.-Ocean., 122, 372–389, 2017. a
Wanninkhof, R. and Trinanes, J.: The impact of changing wind speeds on gas
transfer and its effect on global air-sea CO2 fluxes, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 961–974, 2017. a
Weber, T. C., Mayer, L., Jerram, K., Beaudoin, J., Rzhanov, Y., and Lovalvo,
D.: Acoustic estimates of methane gas flux from the seabed in a 6000 km2
region in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy.,
15, 1911–1925, 2014. a
Windham-Myers, L., Cai, W.-J., Alin, S., Andersson, A., Crosswell, J.,
Dunton,
K. H., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Herrmann, M., Hinson, A. L., Hopkinson, C. S.,
Howard, J., Hu, X., Knox, S. H., Kroeger, K., Lagomasino, D., Megonigal, P.,
Najjar, R. G., Paulsen, M.-L., Peteet, D., Pidgeon, E., Schäfer, K. V.
R., Tzortziou, M., Wang, Z. A., and Watson, E. B.: Chapter 15: Tidal wetlands
and estuaries, in: Second State of the
Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report, edited by:
Cavallaro, N., Shrestha, G., Birdsey, R., Mayes, M. A., Najjar, R. G., Reed,
S. C., Romero-Lankao, P., and Zhu, Z., US Global Change
Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 596–648, 2018. a, b, c
Xue, L., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Sabine, C., Jones, S., Sutton, A. J., Jiang,
L.-Q., and Reimer, J. J.: Sea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia time
series site (2006–2007): Air-sea flux and controlling processes, Prog.
Oceanogr., 140, 14–26, 2016. a
Xue, Z., He, R., Fennel, K., Cai, W.-J., Lohrenz, S., and Hopkinson, C.:
Modeling ocean circulation and biogeochemical variability in the Gulf of
Mexico, Biogeosciences, 10, 7219–7234,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7219-2013, 2013. a
Xue, Z., He, R., Fennel, K., Cai, W.-J., Lohrenz, S., Huang, W.-J., Tian, H.,
Ren, W., and Zang, Z.: Modeling pCO2 variability in the Gulf
of Mexico, Biogeosciences, 13, 4359–4377,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4359-2016, 2016. a, b, c
Yamamoto-Kawai, M., McLaughlin, F., and Carmack, E.: Ocean acidification in
the
three oceans surrounding northern North America, J. Geophys.
Res.-Ocean., 118, 6274–6284, 2013. a
Yasunaka, S., Murata, A., Watanabe, E., Chierici, M., Fransson, A., van
Heuven, S., Hoppema, M., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Kosugi, N., Lauvset, S.
K., Mathis, J. T., Nishino, S., Omar, A. M., Olsen, A.,, Sasano, Takahashi,
T., and Wanninkhof, R.: Mapping of
the air–sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas:
Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability, Polar
Sci., 10, 323–334, 2016. a
Search articles
Short summary
We review and synthesize available information on coastal ocean carbon fluxes around North America (NA). There is overwhelming evidence, compiled and discussed here, that the NA coastal margins act as a sink. Our synthesis shows the great diversity in processes driving carbon fluxes in different coastal regions, highlights remaining gaps in observations and models, and discusses current and anticipated future trends with respect to carbon fluxes and acidification.
We review and synthesize available information on coastal ocean carbon fluxes around North...
Biogeosciences
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.